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Biblioteka przyszłości – wyzwania - trendy - zagrożenia : wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu zarządzania bibliotekami uczelni wyższych

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BIBLIOTEKA PRZYSZŁOŚCI

WYZWANIA – TRENDY – ZAGROŻENIA

Wybrane zagadnienia z zakresu zarządzania

bibliotekami uczelni wyższych

Redaktor

Maria Wanda Sidor

Nowy Sącz 2018

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Monografia WSB-NLU

Recenzenci

dr hab. Jadwiga Lizak, Prof. WSB-NLU dr Magdalena Karciarz, DSW Wroc•aw

Opracowanie redakcyjne

Marzena Toto -Gutowska

Sk!ad i !amanie

Joanna D•ugosz

Projekt ok!adki

Joanna D•ugosz

© Copyright by Wy sza Szko•a Biznesu - National Louis University Nowy S cz, 2018

Publikacja udost pniona na licencji Creative Commons

Uznanie autorstwa-U ycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zale nych 3.0 Polska (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 PL)

ISBN 978-83-88421-97-6 eISBN 978-83-88421-98-3

Wydawca

Wy sza Szko•a Biznesu – National Louis University w Nowym S czu; ul. Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy S cz; http://biblioteka.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/; http://www.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/

Drukarnia

Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia NOVA SANDEC

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Monography of WSB-NLU

Reviewers

dr hab. Jadwiga Lizak, Prof. WSB-NLU dr Magdalena Karciarz, DSW Wroc•aw

Editing and proofreading

Marzena Toto -Gutowska

Typesetting

Joanna D•ugosz

Cover design

Joanna D•ugosz

© Copyright by Wy sza Szko•a Biznesu - National Louis University Nowy S cz, 2018

ISBN 978-83-88421-97-6 eISBN 978-83-88421-98-3

Publisher

Wy sza Szko•a Biznesu – National Louis University w Nowym S czu; ul. Zielona 27, 33-300 Nowy S cz; http://biblioteka.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/; http://www.wsb-nlu.edu.pl/

Printing, binding and typset

Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia NOVA SANDEC

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24

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25

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1. Biblioteki a technologie

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27

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