Foundry Trade Journal : with which is incorporated the iron and steel trades journal, Vol. 72, No. 1471

jRITISH MOULDING MACHINE C° LTD

«AV ERSHAM, KENT.

WITH WHICH IS INCORPORATED TH E IR O N A N D S T E E L T R A D E S J O U R N A L V O L . 74. N o. 1471. O C T O S E * 26, 1944

R e g is t e r e d a t th e C .P .O . as a N e w s p a p e r. O ffic e s : 4 9 , W e llin g to n S tr e e t, S t r a n d , London

' C S J U U K N A L

[

Used by many leading foundries

D I S T R I B O N D

the PROVEN B R IT ISH substitute for Ben D ISTR IC T CH EM IC A L COMPANY LT

f. 1-19. New Oxford S tree t, London, W.C. 1

MANSFIELD MOULDING SAND

• P U L V E R I S E D R E A D Y F O R U S E I F R E Q U I R E D A L B I O N (M an sfield) S A N D C O .

W . W A R D E D . A lb io n W o r k s , SH EFFIELD Telephones: Sheffield 26311 (IS lines) M ansfield 371” •

H V D R O - B L R S T

castin g s... reclaims

cleans

Removes cores. sand

B u i l t i n E n g l a n d b y

M I T E D , S M E T H W I C K , N r . B I l t M I N G I I A I

’RICE’S FIREBRICKS

A S U S E D BY T H E L E A D I N G I R O N A N D S T E E L W O R K S A N D F O U N D R I E S A T H O M E A N D A B R O A D ...

H d c t u b y S e n d u s y o u r E n q u i r i e s

•v'-*- ° » TO.. ST O U R B R ID G E

E Y R E S M E L T IN G C O M P A N Y LTD

T a n d e m W h i t e M e t a l s • G u n - M e t : P h o s p h o r B ro n z e an d A lu m in iu m Ingo C h i l l C a s t P h o s p h o r B r o n z e R o d T A N D E M W O R K S , M E R T O N A B B E Y , L O N D O N , S . W .I ( M i t c h a m 2031

o c

pO U N D R Y TRAD E JO U RN A L

26, 1944

S T E IN & A T K I N S O N L TD-

47, W O L S E Y R O A D ,

E A S T M O L E S E Y , S U R R E Y . T E L E P H O N E S :

M O L E S E Y 3 111-2

T e l e g r a m s : M E T A S T E I N A . P H O N E , L O N D O N

R e p r o d u c e d b y c o u r- t e s y o f M e s s r s . R o b e rt H y d e & Son, Ltd., N o rth S ta ffo rd S t e e l F a 7 , Stoke-

on-? ren t.

—su pply the A ir

n GLAND

CAMBORNE

P h o n e : C a m b o r n e 2 275

' " G r a m s : A i r d r M I , c a n , b o L o n d o n O f f i c e :

B R O A D S T R E E T H O U S E , E c „

" L I T T L E C O U R T ! P Y R f O R D C O M M O N ,

W O K IN G , S U R R E Y .

Telephone :-3YFLEET 3IOO Telegrams :-IRONOBRIT, PHONE, WOKING,"

The fa ct that goods made o f raw m aterials in short supply owing to war conditions are advertised

¡n th is oaoer should not b e taken as an indication that they ore necessarily availcble for export

4 FO U N D RY TRA D E JO U R N A L

B r i t i s h M o u l d i n g M a c h i n e C ^o . L ^{t d}

O C TO B ER

26, 1944 FO UN DRY TRAD E JO U RN A L

g p l !

you are having trouble with production from your CORE BLOWING MACHINES

yo u r C o res STRIKE BACK in the Moulds ...

you experience objectionable FUMES when casting . . . .

you wish to IMPROVE THE FINISH of yo u r castings

THE FORDATH ENGINEERING C L

t e l e p h o n e:

WESt BROMWICH 0 5 4 9(2 LINES)

HAMBLET WORKS WEST BROMWICH

'mETALIICAL WEST BROMWICH

6

FO U N D RY TRA D E JO U RN A L

The Sterling Shake-out ^Machine, where it can b§ employed, is one of the greatest time and -labour savers available to the foundry. It w ill shake out your boxes, break up the lumps in jyo u r sand and leave your castings in a clean condition.

This machine embodies all the Sbest features'in current shake-out practice and is well worth investigating. Many machines are in successful operation in foundries all over the country. Made in sizes to take from 5 cw t. up

to 5 tons.

STERLING FOUNDRY SfECtAiTIES LIMITED

B E D F O R D

T e le p h o n e s: BEDFORD 5338-9 T e le g r a m s : *• ST

L O N D O N O F F I C E : 1D D E S L E IG H H O U S E . C A X T C

ASK. B E D F O : i.V v

,

O C TO B ER

26, 1944 FO UN D RY TRA D E JO U RN A L

n m y f a c t o r y . . . )

y i -

\ I f only by easing the burdens o f labour, lig h t alloys w ill pay their w ay. Besides this they w ill save power, overcome corrosion. Used archi­

tecturally they w ill symbolise

a better age when lightness and

cleanliness go with strength

and beauty. These, too, are

reasons why ‘ 1N TAL ’ are so

p r o u d t o b e m a k e r s o f

alum inium alloys f o r every

conceivable purpose.

8

FO UN D RY TRA D E JO U RN A L

B I G W O O D U N I C A L O R C O A L S T O K E R

J O S H U A B I G W O O D &- S O N L I M I T E D • W O L V E R H A M P T O N

© d JJT f u e l a n d l a b o u r The automatic feeding of the right amount of fuel and o f air for its com­

bustion in the exact quantities required for the duty to be performed—that is the function of the Bigwood

“ U nicalor” Coal Stoker. Efficient combustion releases the maximum amount of heat for the minimum of fuel, so that the introduction of the

“ Unicalor” has shown some remark­

able economies in fuel.

The automatic features dispense with the need for all but supervisory labour.

IIItT

worl aicil

SK . 16a

P I C K E R I N G S L I M I T E D

G L O B E E L E V A T O R W O R K S , S T O C K T O N - O N T E E S L O N D O N O F F IC E : 1 1 6 , V I C T O R I A S T R E E T , S .W . I.

TEL. V IC T O R IA 9860

A n ew P ic k e rin g s L i f t in y o u r fo u n d ry will in cre a se o u t p u t an d m in im is e la b o u r. H u n d re d s o f fo u n d rie s, s te e lw o r k s a n d e n g in e e rin g firm s h av e m o d e rn ise d t h e i r h a n d lin g o f lo ad s up t o 40 to n s w ith Pick ering s L ifts a n d H o is ts .

O C TO B ER 26, 1944

FO UN DRY TRA D E JO U RN A L 9

IN CR EA SE MOULD PRO­

DUCTION AND R E D U C E F O U N D R Y C O S T S B Y MOULDING E L E C T R IC A L L Y .

B .I. Magnetic Moulding Machines are the only moulding machines in the world which utilise elec­

tricity as the direct medium for high produc­

tion w ork.

M A G N E T I C M O U L D IN G M A C H I N E S

B r itis h P a te n ts N os. 321777, 471690,500566

provide the cheapest and most rapid means

a

of producing

^ accurate moulds.

B R IT IS H IN SU LA TED C A B LE S L IM IT E D Head Office : PRESCOT, LANCS. Tel. No. Prescot 6571

50°/o less fuel, half the drying

time, and perfect Cores & Moulds

2 B r ic k b u ilt fo r l a r g e S t o v e s U S IN G C O K E B R E E Z E 1 S e lf -c o n t a in e d fo r S to v e s O R C O K E R E F U S E UP to 2 ,0 0 0 c u b ic f e e t Sole S u p p lie rs:

MODERN FURNACES AND STOVES LTD.

BOOTH STREET HANDSWORTH ■ BIRM INGHAM , 21

N.R.S. HEATING UNITS

10 FO U N D RY TR A D E JO URN AL

,

P ig Iro n

advance o f earlier stan d ard s.

In the p ro d u c tio n o f pig irons fo r hig h d u ty castings for all p u rp o se s, B R A D L E Y

& F O S T E R have developed grades whose p o ten tialities for post-w ar reco n stru ctio n w ork will im press you. W e shall be glad to discuss th e fu tu re o f h ig h d u ty castings in relation to y our own re q u ire m e n ts.

B R A D L E Y & F O S T E R ^ltd DARLASTON . S O U T H S TA FFS

{

Putting

Castings have now to satisfy specifications previously m et by steel. R esearch w ork car­

ried on fo r m any years by B RA D LEY & F O STE R and intensified b y w ar-tim e ex­

perience has led to the p ro d u ctio n o f b e tte r and still b e tte r ir o n — iro n w ith

“ m u scle” in i t — iron capable of producing castings far in

O C TO B ER

26. 1944 FO UN DRY TRAD E JO U RN A L

J K E IT H B L A C K M A N L T D . M ILL M EAD R O A D . LO N D O N , N .17~\

Telephones: Tottenham 4522 (twelve lines) Telegrams; "Keithblac Phone London

I N D U S T R I A L T R U C K S DESIGNED AN D BUILT TO SOLVE INTERNAL TRANSP OR T PROBLEMS

A N e w T o o t f o r

e n g i n e e r i n g p r o d u c t s l t d .

C r o w n W o r k s , S u n d e r l a n d . T e l . : 3 2 3 6 ( 7 l i n e s ) « 0 Y o u ' l l c h o o s e a n E L E C T R I C t r u c k b e c a u s e

in b r e a k in g t h r o u g h m a te r ia l- h a n d lin g b o ttle n e c k s — in s a v in g m a n - p o w e r , tim e a n d m o n e y — e le c tric tr u c k s h a v e b e e n p ro v e d to o ffer d e fin ite a d v a n t a g e s o v e r a ll o t h e r ty p e s b y v i r t u e o f t h e i r s ile n c e — i n s t a n t s t a r t i n g a n d r a p i d a c c e le ra tio n

— f r e e d o m f r o m fu m e s , w a t e r f r e e z in g a n d fire ris k .

% Y o u ' l l c h o o s e a n E L E C T R I C E E L t r u c k b e c a u s e fo r s h e e r r o b u s tn e s s , r e l i a b i l i t y , s p e e d a n d m a n o e u v ra b ility i t le a v e s a ll o th e r s s t a n d i n g . N o te t h e e x c lu s iv e i n s tin c tiv e s te e rin g o p e r a t e d b y b o d y w e ig h t o n t h e l a t e r a l l y t i l t i n g p l a t f o r m , a v o id in g f a t i g u e a n d a ffo r d in g g r e a t d e lic a c y a n d a c c u ra c y o f d i r e c tio n a l c o n tr o l . . th e r o b u s t a ll-w e ld e d c o n s tr u c t io n . T h e d i r e c t- to - w h e e l d r iv e e lim in a te s t r a n s ­ m is sio n t r o u b l e s a n d re d u c e s p o w e r lo ss.

El& tric E el T ru c k s are fu n c tio n a lly designed fo r each jo b they have to do— a n d b u ilt to give m a n y years o f strenuous service.

The production program m e includes types fo r every in d u s tr y — w rite fo r fu l l details.

i i

FO U N D R Y TR A D E JO U R N A L

S A N D S L I N G E R S

F O R E X P R E S S R A M M I N G

Portable Type for jobbing w ork —Easily moved about the Foundry

F O U N D R Y P L A N T & M A C H IN E R Y L T D . Il3’ ^ a V ggoe £ t ST--

O C TO B ER 26, 1944 f o u n d r y t r a d e j o u r n a l

nUKETT IMN COMI

CONSETT

High Oracle Hematite

PIG IRON

Manufactured to customers’ requirements. Can be relied on implicitly for uniformity of analysis. Also High Manganese Pig Iron, for use in Basic Lined Open Hearth Furnaces, and Foundry Pig Iron for special work, such as Cylinder Castings, etc. Enquiries invited.

T E L E P H O N E : C O N S E T T 341 (10 lin es) T E L E G R A M S : STEEL. P H O N E , C O N S E T T r

14 FO U N D RY TR A D E JO U R N A L

OXYGEN IN GUN PRODUCTION

T here are over 1,000 separate bits and pieces in a m odern gun o f 1944 as a g a in st th e h a lf dozen o r so in the early brass cannon o f 1344. And yet these m odern weapons have to be produced a t a speed th a t w ould hove staggered the old cannon founder. Oxygen plays an im p o rta n t p a rt in th is speed-up, fro m steel- m ak in g to cutting o u t an d welding m any of th e com plicated p arts. T he various processes o f m a n u fa c tu re need oxygen and oxygen needs cylinders. A nd so, as cylinders m u st be k ep t in circu latio n , please h ave your em pties ready for collection when our lorries call.

< THE BRITISH OXYGEN COMPANY LIMITED

LONDON &

O C TO B ER 26, 1944

FO U N D RY TR A D E JO U RN A L 15

P O R T A B L E C O N V E Y O R

P A T E R S O N H U G H E *

E N G IN E ER IN G C O M P A N Y LIMITED W B e d f o rd H o u s e , B e d fo rd S t ., S t r a n d , W .C .2 T e m p le B ar '2 7 4 /6 W y n d f o r d W o r k s , M a ry h ill, G la sg o /v , N . W . M ary h ill 172/3

The NATIONAL

“ SA FET Y ” BOOT for MOULDERS.

A s t r o n g l e a t h e r

“ U T I L I T Y ” B o o t . I d e a l f o r t h e p u r ­

p o s e i n t e n d e d .

PROTECTIVE FEATURES

( 1 ) C lo s e d u p p e rs w i t h n o

e y e le t h o le s t o a d m it h o t sand o r m o lte n m e ta l.

(2) S p e c ia l r e l n 'o r c e d to e s as a p r o te c ti o n fo r th e fe e t a g a in s t t i l l i n g p iec e s o f m e ta l o r o t h e r h e a \y o b je c ts .

T H IS B O O T C A N BE SU PPLIED AT TH E R E D U C E D C O U P O N RA TE O F 6 C O U P O N S PER PAIR. IF OR D ER S ARE A C C O M P A N IE D BY B U Y IN G PERMITS OB TA IN A BLE

FROM L O C A L FA C TO R Y IN SPE C TO R S.

W rite f o r o u r Illu s t r a t e d F o ld e r o f “ S a fe ty ” F o o tw ea r w h ich g iv e s p a r t ic u la r s o f v a rio u s P ro te c tiv e B o ots a n d Sho es p ro d u c e d b y us f o r M u n itio n W o r k e r s , e t c ., both fo r m en a n d w o m en.

A L L E N & C A S W E L L , LTD.,

Boot M a n u fa c tu re rs, K E T T E R IN G .

WITH WHICH IS mcmrotuno THE IRON AND STEEt TRADES IOURNAL

4 9, W e llin g to n S tre e t, L o n d o n , W .C .2 .

W A R T IM E ADDRESS t o w h ich all c o m m u n ica tio n s sh o u ld b e senc i—

3, A m e n h a m R o ad , H I G H W Y C O M B E , B u c k ,.

’G ra m s i " Z ac a te c a s, H igh W y c o m b e ."

•P h o n e i HIG H W Y C O M B E 1792 (3 lin es).

PU B L IS H E D W EEKLY i 21s. p e r an n u m (H o m e and O v e r s e a ) 0= F IC IA L O R G A N O F i

C O U N C I L O P I R O N P O U N D P .Y A S S O C I A T I O N S C h a irm a n l F l ti H e r b o r t W rig h t. T h e B u tte rle y C o m p a n y R ip ley , n e a r D e rb y . S e c re ta ry l V. D e lp o rc , 2, C a x to n S tre e t, W e s t m in s t e i , S .W .I .

P a rtic ip a tin g A sso cia tio n s l B ritish Bath M a n u fa c tu re rs ’ A s s o c ia tio n B ritish Iro n fo u n d e rs* A sso c ia tio n ; B ritish M alleable T u b e F ittin g s A s s o c ia tio n ; C a st Iro n A x le b o x A sso c ia tio n ; Case Iro n C h a ir A sso c ia ­ t io n ; C a st Iro n H e a tin g , B o ile ra n d R a d ia to r M a n u fa c tu re rs ’ A s s o c ia tio n ; C a s t Iro n S e g m e n t A ss o c ia tio n ; G re e n s a n d Pipe F o u n d e r s 'A s s o c ia tio n o f S c o tla n d ; I r o n f o u n d e rs ’ N a tio n a l C o n fe d e ra tio n ; N a tio n a l A ssocia­

tio n of M alleable Iro n fo u n d e rs ; N a tio n a l In g o t M ould A sso c ia tio n ; N a tl anal Iro n fo u n d ln g E m p lo y e r s ’ F e d e r a t io n A s s o c ia tio n o f A u t o ­ m o b ile a n d A llied H ig h D u ty I r o n f o u n d e r s ; B ritish C a st Iro n R e se a rc h A sso c ia tio n (a f f ilia te d ); b r itis h G r i t A s s o c ia tio n itf filla te d ) : F lu sh in g C is te r n M a k e rs ' A s s o c ia tio n (affiliated ) ; I n s t i tu t e o f B ritish F o u n d r y m e n (a ffilia te d ). _____

I N S T I T U T F O P B R I T I S H F O U N D R Y M E N P R E S ID E N T , 1944-45 : J o h n W . G a r d o m , R ip le y D e r b y s h ir e . G e n e ra l S e c re ta ry l T. M ak em so n . A c tin g S e c r e t a r y , t . B o lto n S ain t Johr. S t r e e t C h a m b e rs , D e a n sg a te , M a n ch e ster 3.

BRANCHES

B irm in g h a m . C o v e n try and W e s t M ldlanos l A. A. T lm m ln s, F .I.C . 33 C a r t e r s L a n e . Q u i n t o n . B r is to l a n d W e s t or E n g la n d : A.

H a re s , 2 0 , G r e e n b a n k R o a d , H a n h a m , B risto l. E. M idlands I S. A.

H o r to n " T h r e e , ” M ostyn A v e n u e , L lttle o v e r, D e rb y . Lancs l H .B u c k - ley E lle s m e r e , N o r f o lk A v e n u e . B u r n le y . L o n d o n : V. C. F a u lk n e r, 3, A m e rsh a m R o ad , H igh W y c o m b e . M id d lesb ro u g h (pro tern.) i J. K.

S m ith so n , N o r th -E a s te r n Iro n Refining C o m p a n y , L im ite d , S tlllln g to n , S to c k to n -o n -T e e s . N e w c a s tle -u p o n -T y n e : C. Lashly, Sir W . G . A rm ­ s tr o n g , W h it w o r t h & C o . (Iro n fo u n d e rs ), L td .. C lo se W o rk s , G a te sh e a d S c o ttish i J. Bell, 60, St. E noch S q u a re , G lasgow . Sheffield : T . R. W a l k e r , M .A ., E n glish S te e l C o r p o r a t i o n , L td ., S h effield . W oles a n d M o n m o u th i A . S. W a ll. 14, P a la c e A v e n u e , L lan d aff, C a rd iff. W e s t R iding o f Y o r k s h i r e : D o u g la s J e p s o n , M .Sc., 9, A m b le s ld e A v e n u e , B ra d fo rd . S o u th A frica : B. P. S k o k , M utual B uilding, Jo h a n n e s b u rg .

SEC TIO N S

B u r n le y : H . B uckley, E lle sm e re , N o rfo lk A v en u e. Bui »lev, Lanca.

C a p e 'T o w n : K. Z w a n z l - e r , P .O . Box 346, C a p e T o w n , S. A frica, t a s t A nglian : A . N . S u m n e r , 5 1 6 , N o r w ic h R o a d . Ipsw ich F a lk ir k : T R G o o d w in . " V le w fie ld ,” F alkirk R oad, B o n n y b rld g e. Lincoln : E.

R. W a lt e r , P h .D ., T h e T ech n ical C o lle g e , L incoln.

A S S O C I A T I O N O F B R O N Z E A N D B R A S S F O U N D E R S P r e s i d e n t : H . B lssell. J- S to n e & C o ., L td ., L o n d o n . S e c r e t a r i e s : H e a th c o te & C o le m a n . 2 5 , B e n n e tts H ill, B irm in g h a m . 2

T H E I N S T I T U T E O F V I T R E O U S E N A M E L L E R S P r e s id e n t : W . H . W h it t le , W . H. W h ittle , L im ite d , E c d e s, n ear M a n c h e s te r. C h a irm a n : W . T o d d , P a r k in s o n S to v e C o .. L td ., S te c h - f o r d , B ir m in g h a m . H o n . Sec. i W . T h o m a s, A .I.C ., B an k H o u s e , H ig h S t r e e t , R lc k m a n s w o r th , H e r ts .

F O U N D R Y T R A D E S ' E Q U I P M E N T A N D S U P P L I E S A S S O C I A T I O N

P r e s id e n t I G . E. F ra n ce . A u g u s t’s, L im ite d , T h o r n T r e e W o r k s . H alifax. H o n o r a r y S e c r e t a r y : K. W . B rid g es. A s s ista n t S e c r e t a r y : Miss L. C o x , 52, S u rb ito n H ill P a rk , S u rb ito n , S u rre y .

W E L S H E N G I N E E R S ’ A N D F O U N D E R S ’ A S S O C I A T I O N P r e s id e n t i W . E. C le m e n t, C.B.E., M orfa F o u n d ry , N e w D o c k . Llanelly S e c re ta ry : J. D. D . D avis, I, St. Jam es G a rd e n s , S w ansea.

B R I T I S H C A S T I R O N R E S E A R C H A S S O C I A T I O N A lv rch u rch , Birmingham. 'Phone a n d 'G ra m s ; R e d d ltc h 7 l6 . Scottish Lab o ra to rie s:—Foundry Technical Inatltufe.M eek a Road, F a lk irk . (Phone : 332.1

16 FO U N D RY TRA D E JO U R N A L

T he need for all p o ssib le co n ser v a tio n o f m an p o w e r ; th e dem and for th e m a x im u m o u tp u t o f vita l cast m eta llic prod ucts ; the in sisten ce u p o n th e lo w e s t c o s t o f p ro d u c­

tio n ; and the n ecessity o f m ain tainin g, and ev en im p rov in g , th e q u ality o f th o se p ro d u cts.

A ll th ese co n d itio n s co m b in e to p o in t to th e o n ly satisfactory so lu tio n to all th ese p ro b lem s—

MECHANISATION

but it m u st be m ech a n isa tio n particularly con sid ered , d esigned and adapted to the in d iv id u a l site c o n d itio n s ; to th e particular p rod u ct ; and w ith fu ll regard to

the factors, e c o n o m ic , geographical and h u m an , w h ich may have any bearing o n th e p rob lem .

In o th er w ords co n su lt :—

“ The Specialists in Foundry Mechanisation”

w h ose p rod u cts

"

Set the Standard b y which Foundry Plant is ju d g e d .”

LIMITED

’P h o n e s : 6 1 2 4 7 &. 8

HALIFAX, ENGLAND

Sole Licensees a n d m a n u fa c t u r e r s for B r itis h E m p ir e ( e x c lu d in g C a n a d a) o f the S i m p s o n S a n d M i x e r

fo u n d r y T ra d e J o u r n a l, O ctober 2 6 , l 'J4 4

Vol. 74 "Thursday, O c to b e r 26, 1944 N o . 1471

Germans Planning Econom y

I n 1 9 3 8 , t h e r e a p p e a r e d i n B e r l i n a r e p r i n t , m a d e u n d e r t h e e d i t o r s h i p o f D r . C l a n s U n g e w i t t e r , o f a c o lle c tio n o f a r t i c l e s f r o m “ D i e C h e m i s c h e I n d u s ­ tr ie ,” p u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e t i t l e o f “ V e r w e r t u n g d e s W e r t l o s e n ” o r “ M a k i n g t h e W o r t h l e s s V a l u ­ a b le t h i s s t r a n g e b o o k h a s n o w b e e n t r a n s l a t e d in to E n g l i s h u n d e r t h e t i t l e “ S c i e n c e a n d S a l v a g e .” * I t c e r t a i n l y h a s m u c h t o s a y a b o u t t h e s a l v a g e o f v a lu e m a t e r i a l s f r o m b o t h k i t c h e n a n d i n d u s t r i a l w a s te , b u t m u c h is n o t a n d n e v e r w ill b e e c o n o m i c , e x c e p t u n d e r s t r e s s o f w a r . T h u s t h r o u g h o u t t h e b o o k , t h e r e a d e r w o u l d b e w e ll a d v i s e d m e n t a l l y to t r a n s l a t e “ G e r m a n e c o n o m y ” t o “ G e r m a n w a r p o t e n t i a l . ” T h e f o l l o w i n g e x t r a c t c l e a r l y i l l u s t r a t e s t h is :— “ T h e e c o n o m i c i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e u t i l i s a ­ t io n o f t h e a t m o s p h e r e f o r G e r m a n y is c l e a r l y s h o w n b y t h e f o l lo w in g f ig u r e s . I n 1 9 1 3 , G e r m a n y c o n s u m e d t h e f o l l o w i n g q u a n t i t i e s o f n i t r o g e n - c o n ­ t a i n i n g f e r t i l i s e r s : 2 0 0 ,0 0 0 t o n s o f n i t r o g e n [ ite m is e d i n t h e te x t ] . T h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e G e r ­ m a n p l a n t s in 1 9 3 3 w o u l d h a v e b e e n s u f f ic ie n t t o p r o d u c e t h e f o l l o w i n g q u a n t i t i e s o f n i t r o g e n c o m ­ p o u n d s : 1 ,5 2 5 ,O O O tons o f n i t r o g e n [ a g a i n i t e m i s e d ] . ” W e w o n d e r h o w m u c h o f t h i s w e n t i n t o t r i n i t r o t o l u a l a n d t h e lik e a n d h o w m u c h i n t o t r u e G e r m a n e c o n o m y ? T h e u t i l i s a t i o n o f l o w - g r a d e ir o n o r e s is o f u n i v e r s a l i n t e r e s t . A s q u i t e o f t e n c o n c e n t r a t i o n in v o l v e s i n c r e a s e d s u l p h u r c o n t e n t , th e n o t e t h a t t h e u s e o f s t r o n t i a n i t e a s a n a d d i t i o n to t h e l im e is t h r e e t i m e s a s e f f e c tiv e is a m a t t e r w o r t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n . A f t e r t h e g e n e r a l a n d r a t h e r r i d ic u lo u s c o n d e m n a t i o n b y G e r m a n m e t a l l u r g i s t s o f n i c k e l a s a n a l l o y i n g a g e n t in i r o n a n d s te e l p r o ­ d u c t i o n , w e r e a d w i t h i n t e r e s t t h a t t h e s o le l o c a l d e p o s i t a t F r a n k e n s t e i n i n S ile s ia , a f t e r b e i n g a b a n ­ d o n e d a f t e r t h e l a s t w a r , a s b e i n g u n e c o n o m i c , b e c a m e e c o n o m i c in 1 9 3 8 , a l t h o u g h t h e o r e s c o n ­ t a i n e d b u t 1 p e r c e n t , o f n ic k e l. Y e t i f w e r e m e m ­ b e r r i g h t l y w o r l d p r i c e s w e r e m u c h l o w e r . T h i s ty p e o f e c o n o m y a ls o o p e n e d u p s e v e r a l o t h e r ty p e s o f m in e s .

T h e a u t h o r t e lls u s t h a t i m p u t e d i r o n o r e s c o n ­ t a i n g o l d , b u t its e x t r a c t i o n w i t h o u t g o v e r n m e n t

* P u b l i s h e d b y C ro s b y , L o c k w o o d & S o n , L t d . , 20, T u d o r S t r e e t , L o n d o n , B .C . 4 . P r i c e l 2 s . f l d . n e t .

s u b s i d y w o u l d n o t b e e c o n o m i c . H u n m e n t a l i t y is n ic e ly i l l u s t r a t e d b y t h e s ile n c e . “ T h e n e w ly i n ­ c o r p o r a t e d d i s t r i c t s o f L o w e r A u s t r i a a l o n g th e D a n u b e w ill p r o b a b l y b e c o m e a v a l u e d s o u r c e o f s u p p l y f o r G e r m a n y , a s t h e y a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e t h e m o s t p r o m i s i n g i n c e n t r a l E u r o p e f o r s u c c e s s ­ f u l o il p r o s p e c t i n g . ” T h e i t a lic s a r e o u r s . O il p r o ­ d u c t i o n f ig u r e s p r o m i n e n t l y a s w o u l d b e e x p e c t e d , a n d t h e r e is t h e s u g g e s t i o n o f t h e u s e o f c o ffe e g r o u n d s f o r t h i s p u r p o s e . T h e t r a n s l a t o r s h a v e u s e d t h e w o r d “ g r o u t s ” — a w o r d n e w t o u s , b u t its u s e is c o n f i r m e d b y t h e O x f o r d d i c t i o n a r y . A m o n g s t t h e m a n y e r s a t z p r o d u c t s d e t a i l e d a r e t e x tile s f r o m s e a w e e d , l e a t h e r f r o m f is h s k in s , p l a s ti c s f r o m fish s c a le s , e g g s u b s t i t u t e f r o m fish p r o t e i n , a n d v i t r e o u s e n a m e l f r i t f r o m i r o n f o u n d r y s lu g s .

D r . E . F . A r m s t r o n g , F .R .S ., h a s w r i t te n a n i n ­ t r o d u c t i o n , a s h e b e lie v e s t h a t e c o n o m i c a l l y b o r d e r ­ l i n e c a s e s s h o u l d b e e x p l o i t e d b y t h e S t a t e a s a m e a n s o f t a k i n g u p a n y s l a c k i n i n d u s t r i a l e m p l o y ­ m e n t . I f t h a t c a n b e d o n e w i t h o u t d a m a g e t o t h e s t r u c t u r e o f e x i s ti n g in d u s t r i e s so m u c h t h e b e t t e r . O u r v ie w is t h a t t h i s b o o k is v a l u a b l e a s g iv in g h i n t s t o t h e i n d u s t r i a l a n d s c ie n tif ic r e s e a r c h l a b o r a ­ t o r ie s , w h o m i g h t t a k e a s t h e i r m o t t o , “ W h e r e t h e r e is m u c k r e d u c t i o n , t h e r e ’s m o n e y . ” S till its m a i n i n t e r e s t is t h a t it g iv e s a n i n s ig h t i n t o G e r ­ m a n y ’s p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r t h e p r o s e c u t i o n o f w a r a n d a w a r n i n g t h a t h e r e s s e n t i a l s — e s p e c ia lly c h e m i s ts

— a r e s till p o t e n t i a l l y d a n g e r o u s .

T h e M etro p o lita n C hapter o f th e A m e ric a n F o u n d ry - m e n ’s A s so c ia tio n a n n o u n c e s th a t its e x c h a n g e P a p e r to th e L o n d o n B ra n c h o f th e In s titu te o f B ritis h F o u n d ry m e n is b y M r. A . C riste llo , f o u n d ry m a n a g e r o f th e E c lip s e P io n e e r D iv isio n o f th e B e n d ix A v ia tio n C o r p o r a tio n , T e te rb o r o , N e w Je rse y .

Contents

G e r m a n s P l a n n i n g E c o n o m y , 149.—N o te s fro m t h e B r a n c h e s , 150.—I r o n f o u n d r y F u e l N ew s—X X V I , 150.—C a s tin g s D e fe c t C h a r t , 150.—W o lv e r h a m p to n P r o d u c tio n E x c h a n g e , 150.—

R e c e n t G e r m a n D e v e lo p m e n t i n C a s t I r o n , 150.—M e c h a n ic a l H a n d l i n g in F o u n d r ie s , 151.—B o o k R e v iew , 158.—T h e E ffe c t o f H y d r o c a r b o n G a s e s o n R e f r a c to r y M a te r ia ls , 158.—P le a f o r a N ew A ss e s s m e n t o f C a s tin g s , 159.—P a t t e r n R e fin e m e n ts , 161.—C a ta lo g u e s R e c e iv e d , 162.— P u b lic a ti o n s R e c e iv e d , 1 6 2 - N ew s In B r ie f , 163.—P e r s o n a l, 164.—O b itu a r y . 164.—B r it is h S ta n d a r d s I n s t i t u t i o n , 164.—C o m p a n y R e s u lts , 166.

ISO FO U N D R Y TR A D E JO U RN A L

NOTES FROM THE BRANCHES

W a le s a n d M o n m o u t h B r a n c h .— T h e firs t m e e tin g o f th e se ssio n , h e ld o n O c to b e r 7, w a s a d d re s s e d b y M r.

R . D . L a w rie , o f N o ttin g h a m , o n ithe s u b je c t o f “ S o m e I n te re s tin g E x a m p le s o f L o a m M o u ld in g ,” illu s tr a te d w ith a ra n g e o f e x c e lle n t slid es. T h e le c tu r e w a s p r e ­ c e d e d b y a t o u r o f a lo c a l f a o to ry , w h e re te a w a s se rv e d in th e c a n te e n . M r. H . J. V . W illia m s , B ra n c h - P re s id e n t, p r e s id e d o v e r th e g a th e rin g , w h ic h r e p r e ­ s e n te d 60 p e r c e n t, o f th e B r a n c h m e m b e r s h ip . M r.

L a w rie d e s c rib e d h is P a p e r a s a n illu s tr a te d ta lk , a n d h e h e ld t h e a tte n tio n o f b is a u d ie n c e w ith h is d e s c rip ­ tio n o f e a c h slid e , th e s e rie s o f w h ic h illu s tr a te d d e ­ ta ils in th e m o u ld in g o f tw o v e ry la r g e c a s tin g s T h e p r a c tic a l n a tu r e o f th e s u b je c t s tim u la te d a v o lle y o f q u e s tio n s , e v e r y o n e o f w h ic h w a s d e a lt w ith to th e s a tis f a c tio n o f th e c o m p a n y p re s e n t. M r. W m . W il­

lia m s p r o p o s e d , a n d M r. W . S. K in s m a n s e c o n d e d , a v o te o f th a n k s f o r w h a t th e y d e s c rib e d as a n e m in e n tly p ra c tio a l d is c o u rs e m o s t c le a r ly illu s tr a te d . T h e y a ls o p a id tr ib u t e to th e r e a d y r e p lie s t o q u e s tio n s b y th e le c tu re r. I n b rie fly a c k n o w le d g in g , M r. L a w rie m a d e a n a p p e a l to th e y o u n g e r m e m b e rs o f th e B r a n c h to ta k e a d v a n ta g e o f e v e ry o p p o r tu n ity o f in c r e a s in g th e ir k n o w le d g e in e v e r y w a y p o ss ib le . T h e ir m e m b e r s h ip o f th e I n s titu te w o u ld t h e n b e th e firs t ste p in a p r o ­ g ressiv e c a r e e r in th e in d u s try .

IRO N FO UNDRY FUEL N E W S — X X V I

T h e c u r r e n t issu e o f “ F u e l E fficien cy N e w s ,” iss u e d b y th e M in is try o f F u e l a n d P o w e r, d ra w s a tte n tio n to so m e sta tis tic s, in th e r e c e n t W h ite P a p e r o f t h a t M in is try , w h ic h a r e in te re s tin g to th o s e c o n c e rn e d w ith th e p r o g re s s o f th e fu e l efficien cy c a m p a ig n . T h e fig u re s sh o w th a t, o m ittin g la rg e fu e l c o n s u m e rs su c h as g as a n d e le c tric ity u n d e r ta k in g s , r a ilw a y s a n d c o k e o v e n s, a n e n o r m o u s in c re a se in in d u s tr ia l a c tiv ity fro m 1941 to 1942 w a s a c c o m p a n ie d b y a r e d u c tio n in fu e l c o n s u m p tio n f ro m 46.1 to 4 5.7 m illio n to n s — a sa v in g o f 1 p e r c e n t. A f u r th e r in c re a s e in p r o d u c tio n in 1943 w a s a tta in e d w ith a f u e l c o n s u m p tio n o f 43.9 m illio n to n s — a f u r t h e r 4 p e r c e n t, sa v in g . N o r w a s th is c r e d ita b le a c h ie v e m e n t d u e to a m a jo r c h a n g e ­ o v e r f ro m so lid f u e l to g as o r e le c tric ity .

T h e a b o v e r e su lts re fle c t th e g re a te s t c r e d it o n th e w o rk o f th e M in is try ’s F u e l E ffic ie n c y C o m m itte e s a n d th e T r a d e A s s o c ia tio n F u e l C o m m itte e s , a n d th e effo rts o f in d iv id u a l d o m e s tic a n d in d u s tr ia l c o n s u m e rs .

T h e r e c a n b e n o r e la x a tio n n o w , h o w e v e r, f o r, fo llo w in g th e w a r n in g in la s t w e e k ’s a rtic le in th is se ries, th e sa m e issu e o f “ F u e l E fficien cy N e w s ” c o n ta in s th e d e fin ite s ta te m e n t th a t “ c o k e w ill be sc a rc e th is w in te r .”

T h e [A m er ica n ] N a tio n a l A sso c ia tio n o f M a n u ­ factu rers h a s iss u e d a s p e c ia l p a m p h le t d e s ig n e d to in s tr u c t fo re m e n a s to th e ir d u tie s to d e m o b ilis e d s o ld ie rs w h o a r e e n te rin g o r r e r e n te r in g in d u s tr y . S p e c ia l e m p h a s is is la id u p o n th e a ttitu d e to b e a d o p te d w ith th e p h y s ic a lly d isa b le d .

CASTINGS DEFECT CHART

T h e th i r d issu e o f “ F o u n d r y m a n ’s N e w s L e tte r , th e h o u s e o r g a n o f th e H . W . D ie te r t C o m p a n y , 9 3 3 0 R o s e la w n A v e n u e , D e tr o it, 4 , M ic h ig a n , U .S .A ., c a r r ie s a d o u b le p a g e t a b le se t o u t a s a c a s tin g s d e fe c ts c h a r t. F o u r t e e n ty p ic a l d e fe c ts a r e lis te d a g a in s t s e v e n te e n p o te n tia l c a u s e s , su b - d iv id e d in to c a u s e a n d r e m e d y . T h u s , w h e r e a d iffic u lt s h a k e o u t is e n c o u n te r e d , th e f o llo w in g re m e d ie s c a n b e a p p l i e d : — - (1) In c re a s e th e g r a in siz e a n d r e d u c e th e fin e s o f th e f a c in g s a n d ; (2) r e d u c e th e m o is tu r e c o n t e n t o f th e s a n d ; (3) r e d u c e th e c la y s u b s ta n c e o r se le c t n e w b in d ; (4) se le c t s p e c ia l c o m p o u n d e d m a te r ia ls f o r th e fa c in g ; (5) re d u c in g r a m m in g e n e r g y ; (6) in c r e a s e th e r e ­ f ra c to r in e s s o f th e s a n d a n d r e d u c e a n y flu x c o n te n t it m a y c o n ta in ; (7) in c r e a s e c a r b o n c o n te n t o r c a r b o n - p r o d u c in g m a te r ia ls .

I t is o n ly f a ir t o th e p u b lis h e r s to s ta te t h a t th e c h a r t is n o t m e a n t to b e a c o n c lu s iv e w o r k , b u t a s a su g g e stiv e g u id e t h a t m a y p r o v e h e lp f u l in th e a d v a n c e ­ m e n t o f c a s tin g te c h n iq u e . W e fe e l s u r e t h a t a r e q u e s t a d d re s s e d to D e t r o i t w ill p r o c u r e in te re ste d r e a d e r s a c o p y o f th is c h a r t.

W O LVERH AM PTO N PRODUCTION EXC H A N G E

S in ce its in a u g u r a tio n s o m e 15 m o n t h s a g o , th e re h a v e b e e n 55 m e e tin g s , a n d d e a ls to th e v a lu e o f

£ 7 5 6 ,9 0 0 h a v e b e e n r e p o r te d . A f e a t u r e o f th e E x ­ c h a n g e , w h ic h is h e ld o n T u e s d a y a f te r n o o n s , h a s b een a lo n g se rie s o f “ ta l k s ” b y s o m e o f t h e b e s t k n o w n p e r s o n a litie s a n d e x p e r ts in t h e c o u n tr y . T h is sc h em e se e m s to r a n k a m o n g s t th e m o s t s u c c e s s fu l in th e c o u n tr y , a n d a b o o k le t th e y h a v e p u b lis h e d e m p h a ­ sises th e g re a t c o n t r i b u ti o n p r o d u c t i o n e x c h a n g e s c a n m a k e to th e w a r e ffo rt.

RECENT GERMAN DEVELOPMENT

IN CAST IRON

P iw o w a rs k i, in a r e c e n t issu e o f “ D ie G ie s s e r e i,”

s ta te s t h a t r o llin g m ill te s ts h a v e s h o w n th e fe a sib ility o f r o llin g c a s t ir o n . T h e r e d u c tio n p e r p a s s ra n g e d f ro m 10 to 2 0 p e r c e n t.; th is is o f th e o r d e r o f h ig h c a r b o n s te e l. T e n s ile s tr e n g th a n d e lo n g a tio n are sa id to s h o w la r g e in c re a s e s . A n o th e r d e v e lo p m e n t r e p o r te d u p o n is r e in f o r c e d c a s t ir o n , t h r o u g h th e u se o f 3 to 5 p e r c e n t, o f s te e l, w h ic h is s a id to le a d to a n in c r e a s e o f 2.5 to 3.5 p e r c e n t, in th e tr a n s v e r s e s tr e n g th .

T h e M isso u r i P a c ific R a ilr o a d C o m p a n y h a s p la c e d a n o r d e r w ith th e A m e r ic a n C a r & F o u n d r y C o m n a n v f o r tw e n ty -fiv e 7 0 -to n h o p p e r c a r s , to b e c o n s tru c te d f r o m a lu m in iu m a llo y p la te s a n d s h e e ts in ste a d o f ste el. I t is re g a r d e d a s a n e x p e r im e n t d esig n ed tn in c re a s e th e p a y lo a d o f tr a in s . ° 10

MECHANICAL HANDLING IN FOUNDRIES

O C TO B ER

26, 1944 FO UN DRY TRA D E JO U RN A L 151

D isc u s s io n o n th e R e p o r t b y th e M e c h a n ic a l D e ­ v e lo p m e n t S u b - C o m m itte e o f th e T e c h n ic a l C o m ­ m itte e w h ic h w a s re a d o n b e h a lf o f th e S u b - C o m m itte e at th e a n n u a l c o n fe r e n c e o f th e I n s titu te o f B ritish F o u n d r y m e n b y M r. J. W . G a r d o m . M r . D a n ie l S h a rp e o c c u p ie d th e c h a ir. T h e R e p o r t w a s p r in te d in o u r issues o f J u ly 13, 20 a n d 27.

T h e Ch a i r m a n sa id th e re w a s a v e ry g re a t d e a l o f m a te ria l in th e R e p o r t w h ic h s h o u ld be v e ry h e lp fu l, to s m a lle r f o u n d r y m e n p a r tic u la rly . T h e S u b -C o m ­ m itte e w e re to b e c o n g r a tu la te d u p o n h a v in g ta k e n th a t a n g le o f v iew w h e n th e y w e re c a r r y in g o n th e ir d isc u ssio n s.

M r . A . S. Be e c h, M .I.M e c h .E . (M e m b e r) re g re tte d th a t it w a s n o t p o ss ib le f o r h im to c o n g r a tu la te th e S u b -C o m m itte e o n th e R e p o rt. W h ils t o n e m ig h t h a v e a c e rta in a m o u n t o f s y m p a th y w ith th e m d u e to th e re s tric tio n s w h ic h th e y p la c e d u p o n th e m se lv e s, n a m e ly , o n ly t o d e a l w ith g e n e ra l p rin c ip le s o f e a c h m e th o d o r d e v ic e d e s c rib e d , a n d to c u t o u t a ll r e f e r ­ ence to a ll p r o p r ie ta r y a r tic le s o r p la n t, th e r e s u lt h a d been t h a t th e R e p o r t g e n e r a lly w a s o f a v e ry e le m e n ­ ta ry c h a r a c te r . It f u r t h e r a p p e a r e d la m e n ta b le th a t such a d o c u m e n t s h o u ld haV e b e e n d r a w n u p b y a c o m m itte e a n d p re s e n te d f o r th e c o n s id e ra tio n o f a n in te llig e n t b o d y o f f o u n d ry m e n , m a n y o f w h o m h a d a lre a d y h a d m u c h p r a c tic a l e x p e rie n c e w ith m e c h a n is e d p la n ts. I n a d d itio n , th e R e p o rt, as p re s e n te d , w a s fu ll o f e r r o r s o f c o m m is s io n s a n d o m iss io n s, m o s t o f w h ic h n e e d e d e x p o s in g . O n th e o th e r h a n d , to d e a l w ith th e m a tte r p r o p e rly it w o u ld n e e d a c o m p le te ly new R e p o rt, a n d c o n s e q u e n tly h e w a s o n ly p ro p o s in g in h is c ritic is m to d e a l a s b rie fly a s p o ss ib le w ith so m e of th e m a in o u ts ta n d in g f a u lts in th e R e p o rt.

N o m e n tio n w a s m a d e in th e R e p o r t o f d e sig n a n d q u a lity o f th e v a r io u s u n its , a n d h e f e lt th a t th e s e p o in ts n e e d e d e m p h a s isin g , o w in g to th e v e ry b a d c o n ­ d itio n s u n d e r w h ic h p la n ts o f th is d e s c rip tio n u su a lly h a d to fu n c tio n . M o s t o f th e fa ilu re s a n d d is a p p o in t­

m e n ts, in r e sp e c t to m e c h a n is a tio n , e x p e rie n c e d in th e p a s t in f o u n d rie s in th is a n d o th e r c o u n trie s , h a d b e e n d u e to th e s e f a c to rs , a n d th is h a d , in so m e cases, given m e c h a n is a tio n a v e ry b a d n a m e , w h ic h it c e rta in ly d id n o t m e rit.

T h e fo llo w in g p o in ts a p p e a r in g in th e R e p o r t w e re o n ly so m e o f th o s e w h ic h n e e d e d c o r r e c tio n : —

P o sitio n o f Sand M ill

H e sa w n o r e a s o n to in sis t o n th e s a n d m ill b e in g e le v a te d a b o v e flo o r lev el. T h e re w e re m a n y fa c in g

¿a n d in s ta lla tio n s w h e re th e s a n d m ill w a s a t flo o r level a n d th e sa n d w as e le v a te d a f te r m illin g b y m e a n s o f a n in c lin e d b e lt, fe e d in g in to so m e r e c e p ta c le , a n d th is a r r a n g e m e n t w o rk e d e x tre m e ly w ell a n d w a s in ­ d e p e n d e n t o f d e e p f o u n d a tio n s o r h e a v y s u p p o rtin g s tr u c tu r e . W ith r e g a r d to th e s ta te m e n t b y th e C o m ­ m itte e t h a t ‘" in c lin e d c h u te s a r e a p o te n tia l s o u rc e o f tr o u b le , sin c e sa n d s w ill b u ild u p o n all b u t th e ste e p e st

a n g le s, a n d a s a c o n s e q u e n c e it is b e tte r to « a v o id in ­ c lin e d c h u te s w h e re p o s s ib le ,” h e w ish e d to d r a w a tte n ­ tio n to th e f a c t th a t, in h is o p in io n , th e d ifficu lty h a d b e e n o v e rc o m e b y a n e w ly p a te n te d d e v ic e .

Bu ck et E lev a to rs

M r. B e e c h m o s t s tro n g ly c o n tr a d ic te d th e s ta te m e n ts th a t th e c o r re c t m a n n e r to o p e r a te a n e le v a to r w a s to c r e a te a n a rtific ia l s a n d b o tto m a n d a llo w th e b u c k e t to “ d re d g e ” th r o u g h s u c h a s a n d b o tto m . H e th o u g h t th a t fo u n d ry m e n w h o h a d h a d p r a c tic a l e x p e rie n c e w ith th e u s e o f e le v a to r s w o u ld a g re e t h a t to a d o p t s u c h a p ra c tic e w o u ld b e a sk in g f o r tro u b le .

I t m u s t b e re m e m b e re d th a t w h e n b u c k e ts w e re c o n tin u a lly “ d re d g in g ” o n th e sa n d , it w o u ld b e c o m e h a r d , o w in g to th e c o n tin u o u s sc ra p in g , a n d th is w o u ld c e rta in ly c a u s e f ric tio n , th e effe c t o f w h ic h w o u ld m o st a s s u re d ly b e d is a s tro u s in a n e le v a to r w h ic h w as g e n e ra lly ru n n in g a t a sp e e d o f a p p r o x im a te ly 200 ft.

p e r m in . A n e le v a to r s h o u ld o n ly b e se le c te d w h e re sp a c e f o r b a d e th e u se o f a n in c lin e d b e lt, b e c a u s e a m o n g s t o th e r th in g s, it w as n e v e r p o ss ib le to se e w h a t w as h a p p e n in g in sid e th e e le v a to r c a sin g . C o n s e ­ q u e n tly , th e e le v a to r a n d th e fe e d to su c h a p p a r a tu s s h o u ld b e d e s ig n e d a n d b u ilt so a s to a v o id | a n y

“ d re d g in g ” a t a ll, a n d th e fe e d s h o u ld b e d ire c t in to th e a s c e n d in g b u c k e ts.

F o r th e b e n e fit o f th e C o m m itte e h e w o u ld in f o rm th e m t h a t th e r e w e re m a n y e le v a to rs in e x iste n c e in B ritis h f o u n d rie s w h ic h h a d b e e n in o p e r a tio n f o r y e a rs, a n d th e d e sig n o f su c h e le v a to rs a n d th e m a n n e r in w h ic h th e y w e re fe d a n d th e ste p s w h ic h w e re ta k e n to a v o id “ d r e d g in g ,” ev en to th e sm a lle s t d eg ree, c le a rly p r o v e d t h a t th a C o m m itte e w e re d e fin ite ly w ro n g in th is d ire c tio n . H e f u r th e r d isa g re e d w ith th e C o m m itte e w h e n th e y sa id th a t it w a s a d v a n ta g e o u s to a rra n g e th e te n s io n in g d e v ic e o f th e e le v a to r a t th e h e a d . H is r e a s o n f o r th is s ta te m e n t w a s t h a t th e p o in t o f d isc h a rg e w o u ld v a r y w ith th e te n s io n in g a n d s u re ly it w a s v e ry im p o r ta n t t h a t th e p o in t o f d isc h a rg e o f th e e le v a to r s h o u ld b e c o n s ta n t in to th e rec e iv in g item . T h u s h e m a in ta in e d t h a t it w a s c le a rly in d is ­ p e n s a b le th a t th e te n s io n in g d e v ic e s h o u ld be a t th e f o o t o f th e e le v a to r a n d n o t a t th e to p , a s su g g e ste d b y th e C o m m itte e .

T iltin g B ucket C o n v ey o rs

In h is o p in io n th is ty p e o f c o n v e y o r s h o u ld n e v e r, in a n y c irc u m sta n c e s , b e e m b o d ie d in a n y m e c h a n ­ ise d p la n t. T h e m a in te n a n c e c o sts w e re n o t o n ly h ig h , b u t w e re p o sitiv e ly p r o h ib itiv e . T h e so -c a lle d a d v a n ­ ta g e s m e n tio n e d in th e R e p o r t in f a v o u r o f th is ty p e o f c o n v e y o r c o u ld be o b ta in e d fro m o r d in a ry c o n v e y o r b e lts, o r a c o m b in a tio n o f a b u c k e t e le v a to r a n d c o n ­ v e y o r b e lt. T h e efficiency o f th e e le v a to r a n d b e lt w a s f a r a b o v e th a t o f th e tiltin g b u c k e t c o n v e y o r, w ith o u t ev e n m e n tio n in g th e d iffe re n c e in c a p ita l o u t­

la y a n d m a in te n a n c e c o s ts.

152 FO UN D RY TR A D E JO U R N A L

M e c h a n ic a l H a nd ling in Foundries

B elt C o n v e y o r s (F la t and T ro u g h ed ) T h e C o m m itte e su g g e ste d t h a t g u id e r o lle rs s h o u ld n o t b e fitte d to a c o n v e y o r b e lt a s th e o n ly m e a n s o f o b ta in in g a tr u e - r u n n in g b e lt, a n d su g g e s te d t h a t m is ­ a lig n m e n t w a s c a u s e d f r o m s a n d b e in g d e p o s ite d o n th e ta il-p u lle y . H e p o in te d o u t t h a t m is a lig n m e n t w a s n o t o n ly c a u s e d b y s a n d o n th e p u lle y , b u t a ls o w a s c a u s e d b y o th e r f a c to rs , s u c h as u n e v e n f r ic tio n b e tw e e n th e s k ir tin g a n d b e lt, th e a c tio n o f p lo u g h s o n th e b e lt, u n e v e n d is tr ib u tio n o f s a n d o n th e b e lt, a n d c o n s e ­ q u e n tly , as th e s e f a c to rs w e re v e ry o fte n d iffic u lt to c o n tr o l, it w as d e fin ite ly a d v is a b le to in sis t o n g u id e ro lle rs to o v e r c o m e m is a lig n m e n t. H e a ls o q u e s tio n e d th e sp e e d o f 100 to 150 ft. p e r m in . g iv e n b y th e C o m ­ m itte e in th e p a r a g r a p h f o r fla t b e lt c o n v e y o rs. H e w o u ld su g g e st t h a t it w o u ld b e a d v a n ta g e o u s t o r u n th e s e b e lts a t 20 0 f t. p e r m in ., so a s to m in im is e o v e r ­ lo a d in g a s m u c h a s p o ss ib le . M o r e o v e r , w h e re a b e lt w a s s itu a te d u n d e r a k n o c k o u t it w a s o f d e fin ite a d ­ v a n ta g e to r u n it a t a sp e e d o f 200 ft. p e r m in ., so as to r e d u c e a s m u c h a s p o ss ib le th e tim e t h a t th e h o t s a n d w a s o n th e b e lt s u r f a c e . I n a d d itio n , th e h ig h e r sp e e d w a s p r e fe ra b le b e c a u s e th e th r o w o f th e s a n d a t th e h e a d - d r u m c le a r e d th e b o tto m o f th e c h u te , a n d th u s th e risk o f s a n d stic k in g o n th e c h u te w a s c o n ­ s id e ra b ly le s se n e d . H e w a s a ls o s o m e w h a t s u rp ris e d to r e a d th e s tr o n g s ta te m e n t re la tin g to s a n d d is tr ib u ­ tio n in to h o p p e r s b y m e a n s o f p lo u g h s , w h ic h c le a r ly in d ic a te d t h a t su c h p lo u g h s h a d to b e c o n tr o lle d e ith e r f ro m f o u n d r y flo o r le v e l o r f ro m a n o v e r h e a d w a lk w a y , o r , in o th e r w o rd s , t h a t th e fillin g o f su c h h o p p e r s w a s n o t a u to m a tic . A s im p le p a te n te d a r r a n g e ­ m e n t w h ic h o p e r a te d e x tre m e ly w e ll d id a w a y a l t o ­ g e th e r w ith th e n e e d f o r a n o v e r h e a d o r in d e p e n d e n t o p e r a to r.

Scraper o r P u sh -P la te C o n v ey o rs

T h e s p e a k e r d id n o t a g re e w ith th e C o m m itte e t h a t in a ll ca se s th e h o p p e r s w e re fe d a u to m a tic a lly f ro m th is ty p e o f c o n v e y o r . T h is m ig h t b e th e c a se w h e n o n ly a fe w h o p p e r s h a d to b e fe d , b u t i t w a s n o t th e c a s e w h e re , sa y , tw elv e o r fo u rte e n o r m o r e h o p p e r s in a lin e n e e d e d fe e d in g . A lth o u g h th e s tr e a m o f s a n d w a s d iv id e d , o r, in o th e r w o rd s, th e a p e r tu r e s c o n n e c t­

in g th e tr o u g h to th e h o p p e r s w e re g r a d u a lly o ffse t in o r d e r t o f e e d a fe w h o p p e r s s im u lta n e o u s ly , it w a s g e n e r a lly f o u n d in p ra c tic e t h a t it w a s a c a s e o f “ firs t c o m e , firs t se rv e d ,” a n d f ro m a c tu a l p r a c tic e h e h a d o b s e rv e d t h a t th e h o p p e r s a t th e e n d o f th e lin e w e re g e n e r a lly w a itin g f o r sa n d u n til th e o n e s h ig h e r u p th e lin e w e re fille d u p , b e f o re th e y re c e iv e d a s u p p ly . A s h e sa id e a rlie r, th e r e fo r e , th is c o n v e y o r w a s o n ly a u t o ­ m a tic w h e re a v e ry fe w h o p p e r s h a d to b e se rv e d , a n d w h ilst it c o u ld b e im p ro v e d b y h a v in g a v e ry w id e c o n v e y o r tr o u g h , th is c o u ld h a r d l y b e a p r a c tic a l o r a n e c o n o m ic p r o p o s itio n , e s p e c ia lly in v ie w o f th e a r ra n g e m e n t m e n tio n e d p re v io u s ly , f o r a u to m a tic a lly fillin g h o p p e r s w ith a b e lt a n d p lo u g h .

A p r o n , P la te C o n v e y o r s .— H e r e a g a in h e e n tire ly

d is a g re e d w ith th e C o m m itte e w h e n th e y s ta te d

“ w h e re a s a b e lt c o n v e y o r r e q u ire s r e g u la r a n d c o n ­ tin u o u s f e e d in g .” T h is w a s c e r ta in ly n o t th e c a s e , p r o ­ v id in g e q u a lis e r s c ra p e rs w e re p r o v id e d w h e r e r e q u ire d . H e c o u ld d e m o n s tr a te in s e v e ra l f o u n d r ie s a b e lt c o n ­ v e y o r d e a lin g q u ite su c c e s s fu lly w ith a s m a n y a s ten k n o c k in g - o u t s ta tio n s , d is tr ib u te d a lo n g its le n g th . T h e re w a s n o d o u b t t h a t in te r m itte n t lo a d in g c o u ld be d e a lt w ith q u ite su c c e s s fu lly b y a b e lt, if th e p r o b le m a n d m e th o d o f d e a lin g w ith i t w a s u n d e r s to o d .

R o lle r T ra c k s .— T h e s e s h o u ld n o t b e u s e d w h e n m e ta l w as c o n tin u o u s ly a v a ila b le , b e c a u s e th e m o u ld s m u s t be p u s h e d b y h a n d , w h ic h d e f e a te d th e o b je c t o f a m o u ld c o n v e y o r. T h e r e w e r e o th e r , m a n y o th e r, m a n if e s t d is a d v a n ta g e s n o t m e n tio n e d in th e R e p o rt, b u t h e h a d n o t th e tim e to d e a l w ith t h e m fu lly .

O v e r h e a d C h a in C o n v e y o r s .— T h e s e , to h is m in d , w e re m u c h m o r e s u ita b le f o r c o r e c o n v e y in g th a n fo r m o u ld s, d u e to th e ir in a c c e s s ib ility f o r p o u r in g p u r ­ p o se s a n d la c k o f s te a d in e s s o f th e p la te s . In a n y c a se , if th e y w e re u s e d th e y s h o u ld o n ly b e u s e d fo r v e ry sm a ll m o u ld s , w h e re th e g a te w a s a lw a y s a t th e f r o n t o f th e c o n v e y o r p la te .

P la te C o n v e y o r s .— T h r o u g h la c k o f tim e , M r. B eech c o n fin e d h is c o m m e n ts to th e o m is s io n to d e sc rib e w h a t w a s p r o b a b ly th e b e s t ty p e o f p la te c o n v e y o r, n a m e ly , th e c o m p le te ta b le to p ty p e , d r iv e n b y tw o le n g th s o f c h a in a t a p p r o x im a te ly 8 f t. c e n tre s , an d f itte d w ith ste e l p la te s u n d e r n e a t h , w ith s p e c ia l steel r o lle rs o n th e o u ts id e o f th e a x le s , a n d f o u r c a st-iro n r o lle rs o n th e in s id e o f th e a x le s f o r ta k in g su c h c o n ­ v e y o rs a r o u n d c u rv e s . M a n y o f s u c h c o n v e y o rs h a d b e e n o p e r a tin g f o r te n y e a r s a n d m o r e , a n d w ere c e r­

ta in ly th e v e ry b e s t o f th is ty p e o f m o u ld c o n v e y o r y e t u s e d in a n y f o u n d r y .

H e c o u ld c e r ta in ly h a v e c r itic is e d m a n y o th e r m a tte r s in th e R e p o rt, b u t a l r e a d y h a d ta k e n u p to o m u c h tim e . H e w o u ld r e p e a t t h a t t o g o th r o u g h all th e s ta te m e n ts m a d e in th e R e p o r t w o u ld n e e d a sp e cial R e p o r t o f its o w n . F in a lly , h e r e g r e tte d to s ta te th a t in h is o p in io n th e r e w a s a b s o lu te ly n o th in g in the R e p o r t w h a t w o u ld a d d to th e a lr e a d y a c c u m u la te d k n o w le d g e o n th is v e ry in te r e s tin g s u b je c t, a n d a s such h e c o n s id e re d a g r e a t c h a n c e h a d b e e n lo s t. T o sum u p , th e R e p o r t, c o m in g f r o m s u c h a s o u r c e a s a c o m ­ m itte e , s h o u ld h a v e b e e n a b o v e c r itic is m , a n d it w as c e r ta in ly v e ry f a r f r o m th a t.

Is M e c h a n is a tio n W orth W h ile?

Mr. H . J. Yo u n g (M e m b e r) s a id t h a t th e R e p o rt, b e in g c o m p ile d b y a S u b -C o m m itte e , w a s o n e w ith w h ic h h e w a s n o t in c lo s e a g re e m e n t. T h e m id s t of a g r e a t m e c h a n is e d w a r w a s n o t a g o o d tim e to p r o p a ­ g a te o r to c o n s id e r th is s u b je c t. T h e y h a d b e c o m e u s e d to v a s t o u tp u ts a t r e m u n e r a tiv e p ric e s to m a ss p r o d u c tio n su c h a s t h a t r e a d a b o u t in o v e rse a s m a» a z in e s , th e y h a d b e c o m e a c c u s to m e d to la b o u r s e a q u a n tity a n d a c c o m p lis h m e n t. T h e y c o u ld ^ „ , a rc e d iffic u lty d r a g th e m s e lv e s b a c k to re a litie s tr, ^ th a t th e y w e re n o t th e U .S .A . o r C a n a d a to th u Ct fa c t t h a t th e r e w e re d a y s w h e n h e a lth y h e a r t,. o t h e r fu l la b o u r sh ifte d th in g s in th e f o u n d rie s an d ’

th e m w e ll. ’ a n d s h if te d