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Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence

Collaboration of

SPACE WEATHER

INTRODUCTORY COURSE

(2)

Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence

Collaboration of

SPACE WEATHER

INTRODUCTORY COURSE

• Introduction

• Sensors

• The eruptive Sun

• Magnetosphere

• Ionosphere

• Space weather effects

• SIDC/RWC & exercises

(3)

Sensors

Jan Janssens, Dr Christophe Marqué

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 3

(4)

Sensors 1/3

• Groundbased sensors

– Visible light – Radio domain

• Humain

– Magnetosphere- Ionosphere

– Geomagnetism – Neutron monitors

• Dourbes

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 4

(5)

Sensors 2/3

• Groundbased sensors

– Visible light – Radio domain

• Humain

– Magnetosphere- Ionosphere

– Geomagnetism – Neutron monitors

• Dourbes

• Tools

• Overviews

• Spacebased sensors

– GOES – SDO

– PROBA2 – SOHO – ACE

– DSCOVR – STEREO

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 5

(6)

Sensors 3/3

• Groundbased sensors

– Visible light – Radio domain

• Humain

– Magnetosphere- Ionosphere

– Geomagnetism – Neutron monitors

• Dourbes

• Tools

• Overviews

• Spacebased sensors

– GOES – SDO

– PROBA2 – SOHO – ACE

– DSCOVR – STEREO

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 6

(7)

Drivers of space weather – The eruptive Sun

Jan Janssens

7 SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

(8)

The eruptive Sun 1/3

Magnetic Reconnection

Solar flares

Radiation Particles

Proton events Coronal Mass Ejections

8 SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

(9)

The eruptive Sun 2/3

• Solar Eruptions • Solar flares

– Standard model

• Outlook & Features

– Classification

• Ha, x-ray, NOAA scale (R)

– Different types

• Spotless flares, WLF,…

– Radio bursts

– Flare predictions

• McIntosh, Hale, filaments

9 SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

(10)

The eruptive Sun 3/3

• Proton events

– >10 MeV proton flux >

10 pfu

– Classification

• Impulsive vs. Gradual

• SEP vs. ESP

• NOAA Scale (S)

– Forecasting

• Strong flare

• Wide and fast CME

• Western solar hemisphere

• Coronal Mass Ejection

– Morphology

– Classification &

Terminology

• SCORE (speed), width/shape,…

• Stealth, Cannibalism, FTE, Deflection

– True vs. Plane-of-the-Sky speed

– Bz – ICME

10 SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

(11)

The Magnetosphere

Jan Janssens, Dr Johan De Keyser (BISA)

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 11

(12)

The Magnetosphere

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 12

• The geomagnetic field

• Main features

• Geomagnetic (sub)storms

• Measuring magnetic fields

– Geomagnetic indices – Networks

• Miscellaneous

(13)

The Ionosphere

Jan Janssens, Dr Nicolas Bergeot, Dr Jean-Marie Chevalier

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

A. Burns, T. Killeen and W. Wang

13

(14)

The ionosphere

• Introduction

• Units and Terminology

– TEC, foF2, Ionogram, MUF,…

• Main features

– Coupling magnetosphere – EIA, EPB, TID

– Ionospheric scintillation

• Ionospheric variability

• GNSS

– What & How – Error sources – Error remedies

• ROB/RMI GNSS products

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 14

(15)

Space weather effects

Jan Janssens

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 15

(16)

Magnetic Reconnection

Solar flares

Radiation Particles

Proton events Coronal Mass Ejections

Solar eruptions

Coronal Hole

Solar wind Particles

Solar corona

Drivers of disturbed space weather

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 16

(17)

17 SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

Disturbed Space weather

Solar flares Proton events Coronal Mass Ejections

Ca use s Eff ects

Solar flares Proton events Coronal Mass Ejections Coronal Holes

Arrival Immediately 15 min to a few hours 20 to 72+ hours 2 to 4 days

NOAA scales R1 (minor) => R5 (extreme) S1 (minor) => S5 (extreme) G1 (minor) => G5 (extreme)

Parameter M1 => > X20 Pfu (>10MeV): 10 => 105 Kp = 5 => Kp = 9

Duration Minutes to hours Hours to days Days

Protection Earth’s atmosphere Earth’s magnetic field Earth’s magnetic field

Radio communications Satellites Satellites

Radar interference Astronauts & Airplanes Aurora

Communication/Navigation Communication/Navigation

Ozone Electrical Currents (GIC)

Coronal Holes

(18)

Space Weather effects (SWx effects)

• Introduction

• SWx effects from

– Solar flares – Proton events – ICMEs

– Coronal holes

• Historical solar storms

• SC24 solar storms

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 18

(19)

Space Weather effects (SWx effects)

• Introduction

• SWx effects from

– Solar flares – Proton events – ICMEs

– Coronal holes

• Historical solar storms

• SC24 solar storms

SWIC – Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 19

(20)

Space Weather into practice – SIDC/RWC & URSIgram

Jan Janssens

20 SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI

(21)

SIDC/RWC & URSIgram

• SIDC/RWC

• URSIgram

– Overview features

• SWx alerts

• Exercises

SWIC - Collaboration between STCE, Koninklijke Luchtmacht, KNMI 21

(22)

Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence

Collaboration of

SPACE WEATHER

INTRODUCTORY COURSE

• Introduction

• Sensors

• The eruptive Sun

• Magnetosphere

• Ionosphere

• Space weather effects

• SIDC/RWC & exercises

Cytaty

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