Krzysztof DRESZER, Lucyna WIÊC£AW-SOLNY
Reduction of CO
2emission in energy sector – feasible technology selection
Abstract
Monitoring of greenhouse gases is the most challenging environmental issue facing the world today. Capture and sequestration of CO2from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of greenhouse gas emission monitoring. A wide range of technologies currently exist for separation and capture of CO2 from gas streams; the problem is that they have not been designed for power-plant-scale operations. The review covers the options of CO2separation from gas streams based on different physical and chemical processes including absorption, adsorption, mem- branes and cryogenics. This paper focused on wet scrubbing technology – in which chemical solvent reacts with CO2 to remove it from flue gas. Chemical absorption for CO2 separation currently represents the most “commercially ready” approach. To date all commercial CO2capture plants, such as those used to remove acid gases from natural gas streams, use processes based on chemical absorption with alkanolamines solvent – specially monoethanolamine (MEA) base solvent.The main utilities requirement in chemical absorption process is thermal energy (steam) and electricity. The energy requirement is the sum of the thermal energy needed to regenerate the solvent and electrical energy required especially by CO2 compression process. The thermal energy for regeneration of sorbent can be achieved from steam cycle, but it lead to losses in power production of power plant.
Overall, the status of post-combustion technology is that all of the major components are commercially available, but often at a smaller scale and not integrated or optimised for application at large coal-fired power plants.
Postcombustion capture can be used in almost any power plant. In the same manner as in conventional power plants, flue gases are cleaned of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), particles and other substances.The component technologies need to be adapted for CCS use, which involves up-scaling and cost reductions for capture technologies, and the integration of CCS system and power plant objects.
KEY WORDS: CO2 emission, CO2 removal, CCS – (Carbon Capture and Storage), monoethano- lamine-MEA
Krzysztof DRESZER, Lucyna WIÊC£AW-SOLNY
Obni¿enie emisji CO 2 z sektora energetycznego – mo¿liwe œcie¿ki wyboru technologii
STRESZCZENIE. W aspekcie obecnej polityki UE w zakresie obni¿enia emisji gazów cieplarnianych, w tym g³ównie ditlenku wêgla, znajomoœæ dostêpnych dla tego celu metod/technologii wydaje siê byæ tematem bardzo wa¿nym, szczególnie dla polskiej energetyki opartej na wêglu.
W artykule dokonano analizy dostêpnych technologii usuwania CO2ze strumieni gazowych, ze szczególnym uwzglêdnieniem gazów spalinowych z elektrowni. Dokonano charakterys- tyki tych metod oraz dokonano g³êbszej analizy technologii usuwania CO2(tzw. post-com- bustion) opartych na myciu aminowym. Przedstawiono mo¿liwe problemy zwi¹zane z dosto- sowaniem instalacji wydzielania ditlenku wêgla ze spalin – CCS do istniej¹cych obiektów elektroenergetycznych, wynikaj¹ce g³ównie z zapotrzebowania instalacji na media energety- czne konieczne dla prowadzenia ci¹g³ej pracy w cyklu absorpcji i desorpcji wydzielanego CO2.
S£OWA KLUCZOWE: emisja CO2, usuwanie CO2, CCS – Carbon Capture and Storage, monoeta- noloamina-MEA
