New Data about Ore-Bearing of the Neoproterozoic Flood Basalts (the Ratno Beds, Volhyn, Ukraine) - Biblioteka UMCS

$11$/(6

81,9(56,7$7,60$5,$(&85,(6.à2'2:6.$

/8%/,1±32/21,$

92//;,; 6(&7,2% 

.6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

1HZ'DWDDERXW2UH%HDULQJRIWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLF

)ORRG%DVDOWVWKH5DWQR%HGV9ROK\Q8NUDLQH

XPFVJHR

1RZHGDQHGRW\F]ąFHUXGRQRĞQ\FKSRNU\ZODZRZ\FK]QHRSURWHUR]RLNX

VNDá\RVDGRZHSRNáDG\VWUXNWXU\VHG\PHQWDF\MQHZ5DWQLH:Rá\Ĕ8NUDLQD

.H\ZRUGV1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVWKH5DWQR%HGVQDWLYHPHWDOVDOWHUDWLRQVPLQHUD

OL]DWLRQ

6áRZD NOXF]RZH QHRSURWHUR]RLF]QH SRNU\Z\ ODZRZH SRNáDG\ VWUXNWXU\ VHG\PHQWDF\MQH

VNDá\RVDGRZHZ5DWQLHPHWDOHQDWXUDOQH]PLDQ\PLQHUDOL]DFMD

,1752'8&7,21

9ROFDQLFIRUPDWLRQVZHUHDOZD\VDQREMHFWRIJHRORJLVW¶VLQWHUHVWGXHWRWKHLU

PHWDOORJHQLF IHDWXUHV 1HRSURWHUR]RLF ÀRRG EDVDOWV DUH QRW DQ H[FHSWLRQ 1HR

SURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVVSUHDGLQWKHHDVWHUQSDUWRI3RODQGWKHVRXWKZHVWHUQ

%HODUXV QRUWKHUQ 0ROGRYD DQG ZHVWHUQ 8NUDLQH %DNXQ&]XEDURZ HG 

0DFKQDF]HG%LDORZROVND-XVWNRZLDNRZD,WRFFXSLHV

DYDVWWHUULWRU\XSWRNP^LQWKH6RXWK:HVWHUQSDUWRI(DVW(XURSHDQ

&UDWRQ7KLVSDUWRIWKH(DVW(XURSHDQ&UDWRQLVDSDVVLYHFRQWLQHQWDOPDUJLQ

ZKLFKLQFOXGHVWKH9ROK\Q3ROLVLDGHSUHVVLRQDQG/XNRY5DWQRKRUVW]RQH7KHLU

JHRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHVDUHH[SORUHGLQGHWDLOE\=QDPHQVNDMD7$&]HEDQHQNR,,

=QDPHQVNDMDHG=QDPHQVNDMD7KHPDLQWHFWRQLFVWUXFWXUHV

RI9ROK\Q3ROLVLDGHSUHVVLRQDUH&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHWUHQGLQJQRUWKZHVWDQG

0DQHY\FKLFLUFXODUVWUXFWXUH=QDPHQVNDMDHG=QDPHQVNDMD

0DNVLPF]XN

1DWLRQDO0XVHXPRI1DWXUDO+LVWRU\1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHVRI8NUDLQH

%RJGDQ.KPHOQLWVN\6WUHHW.LHY8NUDLQH

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

9ROK\Q3ROLVLDGHSUHVVLRQLV¿OOHGE\5LSKHDQWKH3ROLVLD6HULHVDQG9HQ

GLDQWKH9ROK\QLDQDQGWKH9DOGDL6HULHVURFNV7KH3ROLVLD6HULHVOLHVZLWKDQ

JXODUXQFRQIRUPLW\RQFU\VWDOOLQHEDVHPHQWDQGKDVXQLIRUPOLWKRORJLFDOFRPSR

VLWLRQVDQGVWRQHVZLWKLQWHUEHGGHGRIVLOWVWRQHDQGPXGVWRQH&]HEDQHQNR

%DNXQ&]XEDURZHG

7KH9ROK\QLDQ6HULHV9_YOFRQVLVWVRI¿YHEHGVIURPERWWRPWRWRSWKH

%URG\%HGVEUHFFLDVFRQJORPHUDWHVDQGPXGVWRQHXSWRPZKLFKDUHGH

YHORSHGVSRUDGLFDOO\WKH*RUEDVKL%HGVaPRIJUDYHOLWHVDQGVDQGVWRQHV

WKH=DERORWW\D%HGVWRPRIPDLQO\EDVDOWVWKH%DELQR%HGVP

EDVDOWLFWXIIVDQGODYDEUHFFLDVWKH5DWQR%HGVLQWHUEHGGHGEDVDOWVWKHLUWXIIV

DQGODYDEUHFFLDVWXIIFRQJORPHUDWHVXSWRP7KHJHQHUDOWKLFNQHVVRIWKH

9ROK\QLDQ6HULHVH[FHHGVP,WVKRXOGEHQRWHGWKDWWKH=DERORWW\D%HGVWKH

%DELQR%HGVDQGWKH5DWQR%HGVSXWWRJHWKHUWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWV

6]XPáMDQVNLM:$HG7KH9DOGDL6HULHVFRYHUVWKH9ROK\QLDQ6HULHVDQG

LVUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKFRDUVHJUDLQHGVDQGVWRQHVZLWKNDROLQFHPHQW&]HEDQHQNR



7KH3DOHR]RLF0HVR]RLFDQG&HQR]RLFGHSRVLWVDUHOHVVWKLFN7KHVHFWLRQ

RIWKH3DOHR]RLFGHSRVLWVLQWKHZHVWHUQSDUWRI9ROK\Q3ROLVLDGHSUHVVLRQEDVLQ

HQGVZLWK&DUERQ7KHGHSRVLWVRIWKH0HVR]RLF-XUDVVLF&UHWDFHRXVRYHUOD\

3DOHR]RLFGHSRVLWVZLWKVWUDWLJUDSKLFXQFRQIRUPLW\&]HEDQHQNR

7KHDFWLYHSURVSHFWLQJZRUNIRUQDWLYHFRSSHULQ1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGED

VDOWVZDVKHOGZLWKLQWKH9ROK\Q3RGROVNSODWHIRUODVWGHFDGHV7KHUHDUHQDWLYH

FRSSHU GLVWULFWV 5DWQR .XKRO¶VNRYROVN\ 5DIDOLYND 6KHSHWLYND 6]XPáMDQVNLM

:$HG7KLVUHVHDUFKIRFXVHVRQ5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFW

5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFWLVORFDWHGRQWKHZHVWHUQVORSHRIWKH8NUDLQLDQ6KLHOG

LQKLVVXEPHULGLRQDOEDQGIHDWXUHGZLWKVKDOORZFU\VWDOOLQHEDVHPHQWJUDGXDO

O\ GHVFHQGLQJ WRZDUGV WKH ZHVW )LJ  1RUWKZHVWHUQ SDUW RI WKLV WHUULWRU\ LV

FURVVHGZLWK&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHVWULNHQRUWKZHVW7KHVRXWKHDVWHUQERXQGDU\

RI5DIDOLYNDGLVWULFWLV*RU\QVNDIDXOW]RQH0DNVLPF]XNHG&U\VWDOOLQH

EDVHPHQWLVGHVFHQGHGWRDGHSWKRIPDQGFRYHUHGE\VHGLPHQWDU\DQGYROFD

QLFURFNVUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLF&UHWDFHRXV3DOHRJHQH1HRJHQH

DQG4XDWHUQDU\IRUPDWLRQV

7KH9ROK\QVHULHVLQ5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFWWXIIVRIWKH%DE\QR%HGVLQWHU

EHGGLQJRIEDVDOWWXIIVDQGODYDEUHFFLDVRIWKH5DWQR%HGVLVRYHUODLGZLWKVHGL

PHQWVRIWKH&KDUWRU\LVNEHGV7KHWKLFNQHVVRIWKH5DWQR%HGVLVQRWH[FHHGLQJ

PKHUH0HVR&HQR]RLFVHGLPHQWVWKLFNQHVVLVXSWRP

3UHYLRXVPLQHUDORJLFDODQGJHRFKHPLFDOVWXGLHVRIYROFDQLFURFNVRI1HR

SURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVVKRZLUUHJXODULW\RIDOWHUDWLRQVDQGLQFUHDVHRIQDWLYH

PHWDOV PLQHUDOL]DWLRQ FRQFHQWUDWLRQ WKURXJKRXW WKH VHFWLRQ 7KH QDWXUH RI VHF

RQGDU\ PLQHUDORJLFDO DQG WHFWRQLF FKDQJHV RI YROFDQLF URFNV ZHUH GHVFULEHG

E\PDQ\DXWKRUV%HUQDGVND'HUHZVNDHG0HáQLF]XN



1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

6]XPáMDQVNLM à:  6NDNXQ HG  'HVSLWH WKLV WKH LVVXHV UHODWHG WR

WKHUHJXODULW\RIQDWLYHPHWDOVPLQHUDOL]DWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQLQ1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRG

EDVDOWVUHPDLQXQVROYHG

0(7+2'62)(;$0,1$7,21

7KHVDPSOHVRIHIIXVLYHURFNVIURP5DIDOLYND3RO\WVLTXDUULHVDQGGULOOKROHV

ZHUHFROOHFWHGGXULQJ¿HOGZRUNV'HWDLOHGVWXG\ZDVSURYLGHGIRUWZRVHFWLRQV

ȱ±ȱ±GULOOKROHV±ȱȱ±ȱȱ±GULOOKROHV±7KLQVHFWLRQVZHUHH[

DPLQHGZLWKWKHPLFURVFRSHERWKLQWUDQVPLWWHGDQGUHÀHFWHGOLJKW7KHFKHPLFDO

FRPSRVLWLRQRIURFNVZDVGH¿QHGZLWK,&3LQ/DERUDWRULHVRI'*53³3LYQLFKJH

RORJ\´DQG1DWLRQDO$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFHV0LQHUDOɫRPSRVLWLRQZDVGH¿QHGZLWK

VFDQQLQJPLFURVFRSH-60/9DQGɊɗɆZLWK;UD\VSHFWURVFRS\SUREH

$QDO\VHVRIGULOOKROHVGDWDZDVSURYLGHGZLWKUDQNLQJPHWKRGVDQG*LVVRIWZDUH

SDFNDJHDW*HRORJLFDOIDFXOW\RI/YLY1DWLRQDO8QLYHUVLW\

)LJXUH*HRORJLFDOPDSRIWKHDUHDRILQYHVWLJDWLRQZLWKLQ5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFWPRGL¿HG

6]XPáMDQVNLM:$HG'HUHZVNDHG±3DOHR]RLF&DPEULDQ&DUERQVHGLPHQWV

±WKH0RJLOHY3RGLOLD6HULHV±WKH9ROK\QLDQ6HULHVEDVDOWVWXIIVODYREUHFFLDV±WKH3ROLVLH

6HULHVRIPLGGOHXSSHU5LSKHDQVDQGVWRQHVVLOWVWRQHV±LQWUXVLYHFRPSOH[RIWKHORZHU9HQGLDQ

±JUDQLWHRIWKH2VQLWVDFRPSOH[±IDXOWV±ERXQGDULHVRIGHSUHVVLRQV±JHRORJLFDOERXQ

GDULHV±LQYHVWLJDWLRQDUHD±GULOOKROHDQGLWVQXPEHU±LQYHVWLJDWLRQFURVVVHFWLRQV2UH

GLVWULFWVQXPEHUVLQFLUFOHV±5DWQR.XKRO¶VNRYROVN\±5DIDOLYND4XDUULHV3±3RO\WVL

5±5DIDOLYVN\L



5(68/76

7KH5DWQR%HGVZLWKLQWKHWHUULWRU\RILQYHVWLJDWLRQFRQVLVWRIRQHWRIRXU

EDVDOWÀRZVZLWKLQWHUEHGGHGWXIIVDQGODYDEUHFFLDV0LQHUDORJLFDOJHRFKHPLFDO

DQGSHWURJUDSKLFVWXG\RIYDULRXV\HDUV%HUQDGVND%DNXQ&]XEDURZHG

'HUHZVNDHG&ɿáPDNHWFIRXQGWKDWWKHPRVWPLQ

HUDOL]HGDQGDOWHUHGURFNVDUHWKHORZHVWYROFDQLFÀRZRIWKH5DWQR%HGV7KXV

ZHVHOHFWHGWKLVÀRZWRGHWHUPLQHWKHPLQHUDORJLFDODQGJHRFKHPLFDOFRQWURORI

VHFRQGDU\PLQHUDOL]DWLRQ

7KH5DWQR%HGVFRQVLVWRIWKUHHEDVDOWLFÀRZVDQGWXIIVEHWZHHQWKHPZLWKLQ

WKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQDUHD)LJ%DVDOWLFÀRZVGLIIHUIURPHDFKRWKHULQURFNIRUP

LQJ PLQHUDOV TXDQWLWLHV DOWHUDWLRQ GHJUHH VWUXFWXUDO DQG WH[WXUHG IHDWXUHV DQG

DOVRSUHVHQFHRIDP\JGDOHVYHLQVDQGYHVLFOHV

7KHORZHUEDVDOWLFÀRZKDVDFRPSOH[FRPSRVLWLRQ7KHUHDUHWKUHHW\SHV

RIEDVDOWVDSK\ULFSRUSK\ULWLFDQGDP\JGDORLGDO7KH\DOOGLVSOD\¿QHJUDLQHG

KRORFU\VWDOOLQHWKROHLLWLFWH[WXUH9ROFDQLFJODVVZDVFRPSOHWHO\VXEVWLWXWHGZLWK

SDODJRQLWH7KHDP\JGDOHVLQDP\JGDORLGDOEDVDOWVDUH¿OOHGZLWKFKORULWHFKDO

FHGRQ\DQG]HROLWH7KHSRUSKLULFLPSUHJQDWLRQLVUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKPDJQHWLWHDQG

SODJLRFODVH

.6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

)LJXUH  *HRORJLFDO FURVV VHFWLRQ DORQJ WKH OLQH ,,±,, GULOOKDOOV ± ZLWKLQ WKH

5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFW±WXIIV±EDVDOWV±ODYREUHFFLD±URFNVRI&UHDWDFHRXV3DOHRJHQH

4XDUWHUQDU\DJH±WKH5DWUQR%HGV±WKH%DE\QR%HGV±GULOOKRUH¶VQXPEHUV



7KHPLGGOHEDVDOWLFÀRZLV]RQDODQGUHSUHVHQWLQJDP\JGDORLGDO±DSK\ULF

±DP\JGDORLGDOEDVDOWV$OORIWKHPGLVSOD\¿QHJUDLQHGHYHQJUDLQHGDOORWULR

PRUSKLFWKROHLLWLFWH[WXUH9ROFDQLFJODVVZDVDOPRVWFRPSOHWHO\UHSODFHGZLWK

SDODJRQLWHDQGFKORULWH7KHDP\JGDOHVDUH¿OOHGZLWKFKORULWH]HROLWHDQDOFLWH

TXDUW]

7KH XSSHU EDVDOWLF ÀRZ UHSUHVHQWHG ZLWK WKH OHDVW DOWHUHG DSK\ULF EDVDOWV

7KHWH[WXUHLV¿QHJUDLQHGHYHQJUDLQHGLQWHUVHUWDODSK\ULFDOORWULRPRUSKLFWKR

OHLLWLF7KHUHLVDYROFDQLFJODVVLQEDVDOWVVRWKDWLQLWLDOPLQHUDOFRPSRVLWLRQRI

EDVDOWVLVSUHVHUYHG7KHUHZDVQ¶WLQÀXHQFHRIEDVLQÀXLGVROXWLRQ

7KHFU\VWDOYLWULFWXIIVRIWKHLQYHVWLJDWLQJDUHDZKLFKDUHO\LQJEHWZHHQED

VDOWÀRZVDUHKLJKO\DOWHUHGDQGFRQWDLQYHLQVWKUHDGVDQGLQWHUVWLFHV¿OOHGZLWK

DQDOFLWHFKORULWHDQGTXDUW]

9ROFDQLFURFNDOWHUDWLRQV

7KHURFNVRIWKH5DWQR%HGVRI1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVXQGHUZHQWH[

WHQVLYHVHFRQGDU\DOWHUDWLRQV7KHVHDOWHUDWLRQVGHWHUPLQHGWKHIRUPDWLRQRIFKOR

ULWHVSDODJRQLWH]HROLWHVTXDUW]FDOFLWHHSLGRWH

7KHUHDUHDORWRIDP\JGXOHVRIGLIIHUHQWVKDSHVDQGVL]HV¿OOHGZLWKSDODJ

RQLWH FKORULWH ]HROLWHV LQWHUVSHUVHG ZLWK FRSSHU VRPHWLPHV FDUERQDWHV LQ WKH

XSSHUDQGORZHUSDUWVRIWKHÀRZV/DYDEUHFFLDVDQGWXIIVIRUPWKLQOHQWLFXODU

ERGLHVFRPSRVHGRIEDVDOWDQGWXIIIUDJPHQWVLQGLIIHUHQWSURSRUWLRQVZKLFKDUH

FHPHQWHGPDLQO\E\VHFRQGDU\PLQHUDOIRUPDWLRQVWKDWDUHDQDOFLWHFKDOFHGRQ\

TXDUW]FKORULWHVHULFLWH

2QWKHEDVLVRIVXPPDUL]LQJWKHGDWDRIJHRORJLFDOPLQHUDORJLFDODQGJHR

FKHPLFDOVWXGLHVZHKDYHEXLOWDVFKHPDWLFPDSRIQHZO\IRUPHGPLQHUDOVGLVWUL

EXWLRQLQWKHORZHVWÀRZRIWKH5DWQR%HGV)LJ7KLVDOORZVWRLGHQWLI\D]RQH

RILQWHQVHVHFRQGDU\DOWHUDWLRQVZLWKLQ&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHUHJLRQDODOWHUD

WLRQV DUH SUHVHQWHG ZLWK SDODJRQLWH FKORULWH ]HROLWH DQDOFLWH FKDOFHGRQ\ LURQ

K\GUR[LGHV  ORFDO ]RQH RI TXDUW]FDUERQDWHVXOSKLGH PLQHUDOL]DWLRQ 6XO¿GHV

DUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKS\ULWHPDLQO\S\UUKRWLQHFKDOFRS\ULWHDQGFKDOFRFLWH

1DWLYHPHWDOVPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ

2UHPLQHUDOL]DWLRQLQWKH5DWQR%HGVURFNVLVUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKLOPHQLWHWL

WDQRPDJQHWLWHPDJQHWLWHQDWLYHPHWDOVFRSSHUVLOYHUJROGLURQQLFNHOFKUR

PLXPWHQRULWHS\ULWHFKDOFRS\ULWHFKDOFRFLWHFXSULWHPDODFKLWHD]XULWH,QDG

GLWLRQWKHJHRFKHPLFDODQRPDOLHVRIOHDGYDQDGLXP]LQFEDULXPDQGPHUFXU\

ZHUHUHSRUWHGLQYROFDQLFVHGLPHQWDU\URFNVRIWKH9ROK\QVHULHVRQWKHZHVWHUQ

VORSHRI8NUDLQLDQVKLHOG6]XPáMDQVNLM:$HG

1DWLYHFRSSHULQ9ROK\QZDV¿UVWIRXQGDQGGHVFULEHGE\60DONRYVN\LQ

EDVDOWRXWFURSVQHDUWKHYLOODJH9HO\N\L0LGVNLQàD]DUHQNRHG1D

1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76



WLYHFRSSHUZLWKLQ5DIDOLYNDRUHGLVWULFWFRQFHQWUDWHGLQEDVDOWVODYDEUHFFLDVDQG

WXIIRIWKH5DWQR%HGV3ULFKRGNRHG.ZDVQLFMD.ZDVQLFMD

HG  .X]PHQNRZD HG  .ZDVQLFMD HG  2XU VWXGLHV VKRZ WKDW

LWRFFXUVDVVPDOOJUDLQVLPSUHJQDWLRQLQKRVWURFNLQ¿VVXUHGHQGULWHV¿OPV

YHLQOHWV1DWLYHFRSSHUFDQVRPHWLPHV¿OODP\JGXOHVDQGFHPHQWVIUDJPHQWVLQ

ODYDEUHFFLDV)LJ,WLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKFKORULWHVTXDUW]FKDOFHGRQ\DQDOFLWH

]HROLWHVQDWLYHVLOYHUDQGFXSULWH7KHVPDOOLVRPHWULFQDWLYHFRSSHUJUDLQVIRUP

LQFOXVLRQVLQSODJLRFODVHS\UR[HQHDQGYROFDQLFJODVVRURFFXUVRQWKHERXQGDU

LHVRIWKHJUDLQV7KHODUJHQXJJHWVRIFRSSHUXSWRJKDYHEHHQIRXQG

ZLWKLQ5DIDOLYNDTXDUU\UHFHQW\HDUV'HQGULWLFFRSSHUQXJJHWVXSWRJ RIWHQRFFXULQODYDEUHFFLDVRYHUOD\LQJWKH%DELQR%HGVWXIIV

1DWLYHFRSSHUFRQWDLQV&XZLWKVPDOODPRXQWVRI$J&R$X

DQG)H7DEOH7KHUHDUHLPSXULWLHVRI1LXSWR6EXSWR%LXS

WR+JXSWR&UXSWR$ODQG$V.ZDVQLFMDHG

5XGHQNRHG

1DWLYHVLOYHURFFXUVDVWKLQYHLQOHWVLQDJJUHJDWLRQZLWKQDWLYHFRSSHUDV

ZHOODV[HQRPRUSKLFJUDLQVSRO\KHGUDDQGWKHLUFRQFUHWLRQV,WLVRIWHQDVVRFLDWHG

ZLWKQDWLYHFRSSHUDQDOFLWHDOELWHFDOFLWHTXDUW]1DWLYHVLOYHUFRQWDLQVLPSXUL

WLHVRI&X)H6WUDFHVRI$XDQG3W7DEOH$OVRWKHSUHVHQFHRI+JLQDPRXQWV

WRWUDFHVRI$VDQG6EZDVGH¿QHG.ZDVQLFMDHG.ZDVQLFMD

.6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

)LJXUH6FKHPHRIVHFRQGDU\PLQHUDOL]DWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHORZHVWEDVDOW

ÀRZWKH5DWQR%HGV±PDLQIDXOWVRI&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQH±RWKHUIDXOWVRI&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW

]RQH±LQYHVWLJDWLRQFURVVVHFWLRQV±GULOOKROHVDDQGLWVQXPEHUE±]RQHRIVXOSKLGHV

±TXDUW]FDOFLWH]RQH±FKORULWHV]HROLWHVSDODJRQLWHFKDOFHGRQ\]RQH



,QFUHDVHGFRQWHQWRIVLOYHUDQGJROGZDVGHWHUPLQHGGXULQJSURVSHFWLQJVWXG\

SHUIRUPHG'*53©3LYQLFKJHRORJLDªLQWKH7KHWHUULWRU\RI5DIDOLYND

RUHGLVWULFWLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGZLWKHQKDQFHGFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIJROG7KHJROGFRQWHQW

LQEDVDOWVUDQJHVIURPWRSSPLQVRPHLQWHUYDOVZLWKLQ&KDUWRU\LFNIDXOW]RQH

0HáQLF]XNHG(OHFWUXPUR]KNRYLWDXULIHURXVS\ULWHDQGNXSURDXU\WZHUH

IRXQGLQEDVDOWVZLWKLQWKHVWXG\DUHD%H]XJáDMDHG.RVRZVNLMHG

0HáQLF]XNHG

7KH¿UVWUHFRUGRIQDWLYHLURQLQWKH1HRSURWHUR]RLFYROFDQLFURFNVRI9ROK\Q

ZDVPDGHE\23.DUSLQVNLLQGXULQJWKHEDVDOWTXDUULHVVWXG\LQ<DQRYD

'RO\QDDQG%HUHVWRYHWVàD]DUHQNRHG1DWLYHLURQZDVIRXQGDVVPDOO

JUDLQVXSWRPPVSUHDGLQURFNJURXQGPDVVDQGLQJODVVàD]DUHQNRHG

.ZDVQLFMDHG$FFRUGLQJWRRXUVWXG\GDWDQDWLYHLURQZDVIRXQG

LQEDVDOWVDORQJWKHGU\¿VVXUHZDOOVDVHORQJDWHGURXQGHGRUGURSVKDSHGJUDLQV

DQGWKLQ¿OPV,WLVDVVRFLDWHGVRPHWLPHVZLWKFKORULWHDQG\HOORZOLPRQLWH7\SL

FDOLPSXULWLHVRIQDWLYHLURQDUH0Q&U1L&RDQG&X,QVRPHFDVHVWKHUHDUH

DOVR7LXSWR9WRDQG0RWR7DEO

1DWLYHQLFNHOZDVIRUWKH¿UVWWLPHIRXQGDQGFRQ¿UPHGE\;UD\VSHFWURV

FRS\LQDP\JGDORLGDOEDVDOWVGULOOKROHWXIIVGULOOKROHDQGODYDEUHF

FLDV5DIDOLYNDTXDUU\,WIRUPVVPDOOPPVLQJOHJUDLQVRILUUHJXODUDQG

1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

)LJXUH1DWLYHFRSSHUJUDLQVLQEDVDOWIURP5DIDORYNDTXDUU\VFDQQLQJPLFURVFRSHSKRWRV

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

7DEOH&RPSRVLWLRQRIQDWLYHPHWDOVIURPWKH5DWQR%HGVRIWKH9ROK\QLDQ6HULHVZW .ZDVQLFMDHG

MineralNative ironNative cromium*Native silverNative copper Native nickel Samples5877-15879-125881-95877-1Rafalivka quarry5926-18124 Cu0.000.1360.160-2.1199.93199.97099.876-- Ag----97.210.0680.0200.062-- Au---0.011--- Fe98.2197.0698.3800,280.565--0.0623,3911.112 Mn0.651.9260.5410,02--- Cr1.090.1390.12699,17---0.090 Ni0.020.0580.0840,01----96,60998.644 Co0.110.1280.114--0.001-0.001-- Ti--0.007---0.136 Si---0.2--- Zn---0,01--- Al---0,09--- S----0.117---



HORQJDWHGFXELFVKDSHLQWKHURFNPDVVZKLFKFRQWDLQVFRSSHUPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ7KH

FKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHSUHVHQFHRILPSXULWLHV)H&UDQG

7L7DEOH

7KHSUHVHQFHRISRVLWLYHOHDGDQRPDOLHVLVPDUNHGLQ5DIDOLYNDDUHD3UHYL

RXVO\WKLQSODWHVKDSHGQDWLYHOHDGZDVIRXQGLQWKHWXIIVRI9ROK\QVHULHVZLWKLQ

$QGUXVKLYVNDIDXOW]RQH1DWLYHJROGFRSSHUYDQDGLXPFDQEHIRXQGFRPELQHG

ZLWKOHDG6]XPáMDQVNLM:$0HáQLF]XNHG

1DWLYH FKURPLXP 7DEOH  ZDV REVHUYHG LQ WKH FRQFHQWUDWH RI WKH 5DWQR

%HGVODYDEUHFFLDZLWKLQ5DIDOLYNDDUHD.ZDVQLFMDHG

,QRUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHWKHIHDWXUHVRIWKHPHWDOVVSUHDGLQJLQYROFDQLFURFNV

RIWKH5DWQR%HGVVFKHPDWLFPDSVZHUHEXLOW)LJ±$VVKRZQRQWKHPDSV

DUHDVRIKLJKHUFRQFHQWUDWLRQRIJROGDQGVLOYHUFRLQFLGHDVWKH\KDYHFORVHJHR

FKHPLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGEHKDYLRURIWKHVHHOHPHQWVLQWKHEDVDOWVWUDWD7KH

PD[LPXPRIWKHLUFRQWHQWLVREVHUYHGLQGULOOKROHVZKHUHFRS

SHUFRQWHQWLVYHU\ORZ7KXVWKH5DWQR%HGVVKRZQRGLUHFWFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ

FRSSHUDQGJROGLQWKH5DWQR%HGV7KLVGDWDLVFRQ¿UPHGVWDWLVWLFDOO\

$VVKRZQDERYHQDWLYHVLOYHUDVVRFLDWHVZLWKQDWLYHFRSSHUDQGWKHUHDUHLP

SXULWLHVRILWLQQDWLYHFRSSHU:HFDQDVVXPHWKHUHDUHWZRJHQHUDWLRQVRIVLOYHU

WKH¿UVWRQHLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHSURFHVVHVRIFRSSHUIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHVHFRQG

ZLWKVXOSKLGHVDQGJROG

)UDFWXULW\URFNV

1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

)LJXUH6FKHPHRIJROGGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHORZHVWEDVDOWÀRZWKH5DWQR%HGV LQQ ^

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

)LJXUH6FKHPHRIVLOYHUGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHORZHVWEDVDOWÀRZWKH5DWQR%HGV LQJW

)LJXUH6FKHPHRIFRSSHUGLVWULEXWLRQLQWKHPLGGOHRIWKHORZHVWEDVDOWÀRZWKH5DWQR%HGV LQZW



1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

7KHDQDO\VLVRIJHRORJLFDOGDWDVKRZVWKDWEDVDOWVDUHLQWHQVHO\DOWHUHGDQG

IUDFWXUHGDQGLQVRPHFDVHVFUXVKHGWRGHWULWXV7KLVIUDFWXULQJKDVYDULRXVRUL

JLQV

,W ZDV GH¿QHG WKDW OHQWLFXODU ODYD EUHFFLD ERGLHV WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI ZKLFK

FDQEHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHPRYHPHQWRIWKHODYDÀRZRFFXUVSRUDGLFDOO\RQWKH

VXUIDFHDQGLQWKHERWWRPRIHDFKÀRZ7KHPLGGOHSDUWRIWKHODYDÀRZFRROV

PXFKVORZHUDQGDVDUHVXOWRIYROXPHUHGXFLQJ¿VVXUHVIRUPHGIURPVXUIDFHDQG

IURPWKHEDVHRIWKHÀRZ,WOHDGVWRIRUPDWLRQRIFROXPQDUMRLQW.RURQRZVNLM

-DNXV]RZD/DYDEUHFFLDVRQWKHÀRZ¶VVXUIDFHFDQEHIRUPHGDVDUHVXOW

RIEDVDOWZHDWKHULQJGXULQJEUHDNVEHWZHHQHUXSWLRQV'XULQJWHFWRQLFDFWLYDWLRQ

RIUHJLRQWKLVURFNVDQGEDVDOWVZLWKQXPHURXV¿VVXUHVZHUHWKHZD\VIRUODW

HUDOÀXLGVPLJUDWLRQ7KXVSULPDU\OD\HUVRILQWHUVWUDWDOFDYLWLHVZHUHIRUPHGDQG

¿OOHGE\K\GURWKHUPVWRIRUPPXOWLVWUDWDERXQGIRUPDWLRQRIORZVXOSKLGHTXDUW]

PLQHUDOL]DWLRQZLWKDKLJKFRQWHQWRIVLOYHUDQGJROG

'H¿QHG IUDFWXUHV DUH RI PRVWO\ VXEYHUWLFDO RULHQWDWLRQ7KH ¿VVXUHV IRUPV

GXH WR  FRROLQJ ÀRZ DQG WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI FROXPQDU VHSDUDWLRQ  WHFWRQLF

PRYHPHQWV ZLWKLQ JLYHQ DUHD VHSDUDWLRQ DQG FRPSUHVVLRQ ¿VVXUHV7KHUH DUH

DOVRKRUL]RQWDODQGGLDJRQDOIUDFWXUHVFOHDYDJH¿VVXUHVDQGHOOLSVHVXEKRUL]RQ

WDOFUDFNVGHWHFWHGLQVRPHDUHDV)LVVXUHVIURPWRPPZLGWKDUH¿OOHGZLWK

VHFRQGDU\PLQHUDOVLQYDULRXVDVVRFLDWLRQV³GU\´FUDFNVDUHXSWRPP7KH\

DUH¿OOHGE\FKORULWHVDSRQLWHKL]HQKHU\WHFKDOFHGRQ\]HROLWHVLURQK\GUR[LGHV

DQDOFLWHTXDUW]FDOFLWHZLWKVPDOOQDWLYHFRSSHUJUDLQLPSUHJQDWLRQ

7RGH¿QHWKHLQWHQVLW\RIURFNVIUDFWXULQJZLWKLQWKHVHOHFWHGÀRZZHKDG

GHWHUPLQHGWKHGHJUHHRIIUDFWXULQJFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKHQXPEHURIFUDFNVRIDQ\

RULJLQDQGGLUHFWLRQRIRQHPHWHURIFRUH:HDOORFDWHGDWRWDORIUDQNV7DEOH

,WZDVIRXQGWKDWWKHPRVWIUDFWXUHGDQGEUHFFLDWHGEDVDOWVDUHLQGULOOKROHV

P±P±PDQGP)LJ

7KHVH ]RQHV DUH FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ VXEODWLWXGLQDO VWULNH ,W VKRZV WKH LVRPHWULF

JUDGXDOUHGXFWLRQRIIUDFWXULW\IURPWKHFHQWUDOVXEODWLWXGLQDO]RQH

*,6WHFKQRORJLHVDQGFRUHGRFXPHQWDWLRQGDWDDOORZXVWRWKHPDSVRIWKH

VXUIDFHVRIWKH%DELQREHGVDQGWKH5DWQR%HGVÀRZV$VDUHVXOWWKHVLJQVRI

ODQGVOLGHPRYHPHQWDORQJ&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHZHUHPDUNHG)LJ$WWKH

VDPHWLPHWKHVXUIDFHRIWKH¿UVWDQGQH[WÀRZRIWKH5DWQR%HGVGRQRWKDYH

VXFKVLJQV,WFDQEHDVVXPHGWKDW&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHZDVDFWLYHDIWHUVHGL

PHQWDWLRQ RI WKH %DE\QR %HGV DQG EHIRUH IRUPDWLRQ RI WKH ¿UVW EDVDOW ÀRZ RI

WKH5DWQR%HGV$FFRUGLQJWR*LQWRY2%WKH9ROK\QEDVDOWV¿HOGZDV

GHIRUPHG XQLIRUPO\ LQ VHYHUDO VWHSV 2ULJLQDO SODQHWDU\ IUDFWXUHV IRUPHG ¿UVW

DQGODWHUFDPHWKHUHJLRQDO%RWKW\SHVRIIUDFWXUHVGLIIHURQO\LQWKHRULHQWDWLRQ

RIVXEYHUWLFDOLQFLGHQFHZLWKRXWIDXOWVSROLVKLQJ+RZHYHUDVLJQL¿FDQWDPRXQW

RI VOLGLQJ PLUURUV ZLWK VKDGLQJ WKDW LQGLFDWHV WKH KRUL]RQWDO VKLIW ORFDOL]HG LQ

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

7DEOH7KHVFDOHRIIUDFWXULQJURFNVLQWHQVLW\RIWKH5DWQR%HGVEDVDOW

The rank number of cracks at 1 m

1 a single crack

2 3-5

3 5- 7

4 7-15

5 15-25

6 25-30

7 30-40

8 over 40

9 brecciated zone

)LJXUH6FKHPHRIWKHORZHVWEDVDOWÀRZWHFWRQLFGLVWXUEDQFHVLQWHQVLW\WKH5DWQR%HGV ZLWKLQ&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHV±LVROLQHVRIIUDFWXULQJLQWHQVLW\UDQJHEUHFFLDWLRQ]RQH



1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

DQDUURZ]RQHRIQRUWKZHVWWUHQGLQJZHUHUHFRUGHGLQWKHFHQWUDOSDUWRI5DIDOLYND

TXDUU\QHDUWKHGRPHRI%DELQR%HGVVDQGVWRQHV*LQWRY

$IWHU IRUPDWLRQ RI 1HRSURWHUR]RLF ÀRRG EDVDOWV UHDFWLYDWLRQ RI WKH WHUUL

WRU\DSSHDUHG&RQVHTXHQWO\WKHIDXOWVRIQRUWKHDVWPHULGLRQDODQGVXEODWLWXGLQDO

GLUHFWLRQZLWKEUHFFLDWLRQ]RQHVZHUHIRUPHG,QDGGLWLRQ:33DOLHQNR VXSSRVHVWKDWVXEODWLWXGLQDOOLQLDPHQWVRI&KDUWRU\LVNDQG*RU\QVNIDXOW]RQHV

KDYHJHRPRUSKRORJLFDODUHIHDWXUHVRIDFWLYHWHFWRQLFVWUXFWXUHV

7KHVH GDWD LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH DOORFDWHG VXEODWLWXGLQDO EUHFFLDWHG ]RQH LQ WKH

ORZHUÀRZLVQRWDVVRFLDWHGLQWLPHZLWKWKHDFWLYDWLRQRIQRUWKZHVWHUQOLQLDPHQWV

RI&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQH

',6&866,212)7+(5(68/76

&RPSLODWLRQRIJHQHUDOL]HGVFKHPHVRIVHFRQGDU\PLQHUDOL]DWLRQGLVWULEXWLRQ

DQGIUDFWXUH]RQHVZLWKKLJKFRQFHQWUDWLRQVRISUHFLRXVPHWDOVLQYROFDQLFURFNV

)LJXUH3RVVLEOHWHFWRQLFPRYHPHQWVDORQJ&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHOLQHDPHQWV±&KDUWR

U\LVNIDXOW]RQHOLQHDPHQWV±LVROLQHRIWKH%DE\QR%HGVP±GLUHFWLRQRIPRYHPHQWV

±TXDUULHV±3RO\WVL±5DIDOLYVN\L

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

PDGHLWSRVVLEOHWRJHWLQWHUHVWLQJUHVXOWV)LJ(YLGHQWO\WKH]RQHRITXDUW]

FDUERQDWHVXOSKLGHPLQHUDOL]DWLRQPDWFKHVZLWKDVXEODWLWXGLQDO]RQHRILQWHQVH

IUDFWXULQJDQGEUHFFLDWLRQRIEDVDOW7KLV]RQHLVFRQ¿QHGWRSRVLWLYHQREOHPHW

DOVDQRPDOLHV1DWLYHFRSSHUIRUPDWLRQRFFXUVDWWKHLQLWLDOVWDJHVRIODYDÀRZV

FRROLQJ'LVVHPLQDWHGPLQHUDOL]DWLRQRIFRSSHUQLFNHOLURQVLOYHUZDVGHSRVLWHG

ZLWKSDODJRQLWHDQGFKORULWH7KHVHQDWLYHPHWDOVFDPHWRWKHVXUIDFHZLWKEDVDOWLF

PDJPDLQVPDOOTXDQWLWLHVEXWGXHWRUHGLVWULEXWLRQGXULQJWKHVHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQV

WKHRUHGHSRVLWVZHUHIRUPHG,WLVOLNHO\WKDWTXDUW]VHULFLWHPRQWPRULOORQLWH

FDUERQDWHVVXO¿GHVEDULWHDQGIRUPHGKLJKHUDQRPDOLHVRIJROGVLOYHUOHDGDQG

PHUFXU\ZHUHIRUPHGLQWKHODWHUVWDJHVRIWKHJHRORJLFDODFWLYDWLRQ

&21&/86,21

1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWDUHHQULFKHGZLWKQDWLYHPHWDOVPLQHUDOL]DWLRQ

ZKLFKLVUHSUHVHQWHGZLWKQDWLYHFRSSHULURQVLOYHUQLFNHOJROGFKURPLXP7KH

FRUUHODWLRQRI&X$J)HDQG$X$JDUHWUDFHG7KH5DWQR%HGVORZHVWÀRZZLWK

LQWKH&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQHLVVWURQJO\DOWHUHG5HJLRQDODOWHUDWLRQVDUHFKORUL

WL]DWLRQ]HROLWL]DWLRQSDODJRQLWL]DWLRQ7KHVHFKDQJHVDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWKQDWLYH

)LJXUH  6NHWFK PDS RI GLVWULEXWLRQV ]RQHV RI VHFRQGDU\ PLQHUDOL]DWLRQ IUDFWXULQJ DQG

QREOHPHWDOVLQWKH5DWQR%HGVORZHUÀRZ±]RQHRIIUDFWXULQJ±]RQHRIVLOL¿FDWLRQDQG

FDUERQLWL]DWLRQ  ± ]RQH RI VLOYHU DQG JROG KLJK FRQFHQWUDWLRQV  ± ]RQH RI FKORULWHV]HROLWHV

SDODJRQLWHFDOFHGRQ\±EUHFFLDWLRQ¶V]RQH



1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

LURQQLFNHOFRSSHUVLOYHUOHDG/RFDODOWHUDWLRQVDUHVLOLFL¿FDWLRQFDUERQDWL]D

WLRQDQGWKHVXO¿GHVIRUPDWLRQZKLFKDUHFRQ¿QHGWRWKHLQFUHDVHGIUDFWXULQJDQG

EUHFFLDWLRQ]RQH*HRFKHPLFDODQRPDOLHVRIJROGDQGVLOYHUDUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK

WKHVHSURFHVVHV

1DWLYHPHWDOVPLQHUDOL]DWLRQLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVXEODWLWXGLQDOEUHFFLDWLRQ

]RQHRIWKHPLGGOHRIWKHORZHVWÀRZ7KHODVWRQHLVQRWDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHQRUWK

ZHVWHUQOLQHDPHQWVRI&KDUWRU\LVNIDXOW]RQH

5()(5(1&(6

%DNXQ&]XEDURZ1%LDORZROVND$)HGRU\VK\Q<X,1HRSURWHUR]RLF,,,)ORRG%DVDOWVRI

WKH9ROFDQRJHQLF9ROK\QLDQ6HULHV:HVWHUQ0DUJLQRIWKH(DVW(XURSHDQ&UDWRQ$EVWUDFWV

YROXPHRI-RLQW0HHWLQJRI(XURSUREH7HV]7LPSHEDU8UDOLGHV 6:,EHULD3URMHFWV6HS

WHPEHU±2FWREHU$QNDUD±

%DNXQ&]XEDURZ1%LDORYROVND$)HGRU\VK\Q<X,1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVRI=D

ERORWW\DDQG%DELQREHGVRIWKH9ROK\QLDQVHULHVDQG3ROHVLHVHULHVGROHULWHVLQWKHZHVWHUQ

PDUJLQRIWKH(DVW(XURSHQFUDWRQ$FWD*HRORJLFD3RORQLFD±

%HUQDGVNDà*:XáNDQɿWL5RZHQVNRʀREáDVWɿ.

%H]XJáDMD06]XPáMDQVNLM:'HUHZVNDMD-H0RVNDáHQNR2%áDJRURGQ\HPHWDáá\ZZHQ

GVNLFKWUDSSDFK:Rá\QL1DXNRZɿRVQRZLSURJQR]XZDQQMDSRV]XNɿZWDRFɿQNLURGRZLV]F]]RáR

WD0DWHUɿDOLPɿĪQDURGQRʀQDXNRZRʀNRQIHUHQFɿʀàZɿZ±

%LDORZROVND$%DNXQ&]XEDURZ1DQG)HGRU\VK\Q<X1HRSURWHUR]RLFÀRRGEDVDOWVRI

WKHXSSHUEHGVRIWKH9ROK\QLDQ6HULHV(DVW(XURSHDQ&UDWRQ*HRO4XDUWYRO

&]HEDQHQNR,,PDLQHGLWRU*HRWHNWRQLND:Rá\QR3RGROLLUHG.LMHZ1DXNGXPND

&ɿáPDN 2 6NDNXQ à  0ɿQHUDáQLM VNáDG WD RVREOLZRVWɿ IRUPXZDQQMD VPHNWLWFKáRULWRZLFK

DJUHJDWɿZXPLJGDOLQDFKZHQGVNLFKED]DáWɿZ:ROLQɿ0ɿQHUDáRJɿF]QLM]EɿUQLNʋ:LS±

±

'HUHZVND.ȱ6]XPáMDQVNLM:2*DáHFNLMà6=DJQɿWNR:03ULFKRGNR:à%H]XJáD0:

6]XPáMDQVNLM à:  *HRáRJRJHQHWLF]QD PRGHá UXGRXWZRUMXMXF]Rʀ VLVWHPL ɿ SRV]XNRZɿ

R]QDNLVDPRURGQRPɿGQRJR]UXGHQɿQQMDZWUDSDFK:ROLQɿ*HRáRJ8NUDʀQLʋ±

'HUHZVND.ȱ%H]XJáD0:$ZJXVW&]3ULFKRGNR:à$áHNVDQGURZ2à=DNRQRPɿUQRVWɿ

UR]PɿV]F]HQQMDVDPRURGQRPɿGQRʀWDVXSXWQMRʀPɿQHUDáɿ]DFɿʀZPHĪDFK5DIDáɿZVNRʀUXGRQRVQRʀ

SáRV]F]ɿ0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

'HUHZVND.ȱ3ULFKRGNR:à.RVRZVNLM-D25XGHQNR.:0ɿQHUDáRJRSHWURJUDIɿF]Qɿ

RVREOLZRVWɿSRUɿGWUDSRZRʀIRUPDFɿʀZHQGX:ROLQɿ5DIDáɿZVNDUXGRQRVQDSáRV]F]D1DXNRZɿ

SUDFɿ'RQHFNRJRQDFɿRQDáQRJRXQɿZHUVLWHWX6HUɿMD©*ɿUQLF]RJHRáRJɿF]QDª:LS'R

QHFN±

*LQWRZ2%3RáHZDMDWHNWRQR¿]LNDLHMHSULPHQHQLMHSULL]XF]HQLLGHIRUPDFLM]HPQRMNRU\

8NUDLQ\.LMHZ)HQLNV

-XVWNRZLDNRZD0:HQGGROQ\3UR¿OHJOHERNLFKRWZRURZZLHUWQLF]\FKSDQVWZRZHJR,QVW\

WXWXJHRORJF]QHJR.DSORQRV\,*=HV]\W:DUV]DZD±

.RURQRZVNLM1:-DNXV]RZD$)2VQRZ\JHRáRJLL0RVNZD:\VV]DMDV]NRáD

.RVRZVNLM -D2 0HáQLF]XN :*  %áDJRURGQRPHWDáQH ]UXGHQɿQQMD Z HIX]LZQLFK WUDSDFK

:ROLQɿ=EQDXNSU:ROLQGHUĪXQWXàXFN±

.X]PHQNRZD2):HUHWHQQLNRZ1:1RVRZD$$.RWáMDURZ:$0HGQDMDPLQHUDOL

]DFLMDZZXáNDQRJHQQRMWRáV]F]HZHQGD%HáDUXVL0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

 .6(1,,$58'(1.2.$7(5<1$'(5(96.$

.ZDVQLFD,:6DPRURGQRMHVHUHEURLPHGQRVHUHEUMDQ\HSURUDVWDQLMDL]ZHQGVNLFKZXáND

QLWRZ:Rá\QL,QIPDWHULDá\MQDXF]NRQI,QWDJHRáRJLL.RPL1&8U25$1³6WUXNWXUD

ZHV]F]HVWZR LVWRULMD OLWRVIHU\ 7LPDQR6HZHURXUDáVNRJR VHJPHQWD´ 6\NW\ZNDU *HRSULQW

±

.ZDVQLFMD:.ZDVQLFMDȱ2VREOLZRVWɿVDPRURGQRʀPɿGɿ8NUDʀQL0ɿQHUDáDJRáɿF]QLM]EɿUQLN

ʋ:LS±

.ZDVQLFMDȱ0RUIRáRJɿF]QɿWLSLZLGɿáHQVDPRURGQRʀPɿGɿ8NUDʀQL0ɿQHUDáDJRáɿF]QLM]EɿUQLN

ʋ:LS±

.ZDVQLFMDȱ:.RVRZVNLM-D26DPRURGQɿPHWDOL=DFKɿGQRʀ:ROLQɿ7H]LQDXNRZRSUDNW

NRQI©3ULURGD=DFKɿGQRJR3RáɿVVMDWDSULáHJOLFKWHULWRUɿMªàXFN5::©:HĪDª:ROLQGHUĪ

XQWX±

.ZDVQLFMD ȱ: .RVRZVNLM -D2 %RQGDUHQNR 0ȱ  6DPRURGQH ]Dáɿ]R ɿ] ZHQGVNLFK

ZXáNDQɿWɿZ:ROLQɿ0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

.ZDVQLFMDȱ:3DZOLV]LQ:ȱ)RUPLURVWXNULVWDáɿZVDPRURGQRʀPɿGɿ:ROLQɿ0ɿG:ROLQɿ

.LMHZàRJRV±

.ZDVQLFMD ȱ: 3DZOLV]LQ :ȱ .RVRZVNLM -D2  6DPRURGQD PɿG 8NUDʀQL JHRáRJɿF]QD

SR]LFɿMDPɿQHUDáRJɿMDɿNULVWDáRJHQH]LV.LʀZàRJRV

àD]DUHQNR(.0DWNRZVNLM2ȱ:LQDU206]DV]NɿQD:3*QDWɿZ*00ɿQHUDáRJɿMD

ZLZHUĪHQLFKNRPSáHNVɿZ=DFKɿGQRʀ:ROLQɿàZɿZ:LGZRàZɿZVNRJRXQWX

0DFKQDF]$6*DUHFNLM5*0DWZHMHZ$:LGU*HRáRJɿMD%HáDUXVL0QȱQVWLWXWJHRáR

JLF]HVNLFKQDXN1$1%HáDUXVL

0DNVLPF]XN:.X]QHFRZD:*RURGLVNLM-X'RFHQNRȱ&]RERWRNȱ'RVáɿGĪHQQMDVX

F]DVQLFKJHRGLQDPɿF]QLFKSURFHVɿZWHNWRQRPDJPDWLF]QLPPHWRGRPZUDMRQɿUR]WDV]XZDQQMD

5ɿZQHQVNRʀ$-(6*HRGLQDPɿND±

0HáQLF]XN:*ɿGURWHUPDáQɿPɿQHUDáRJɿF]QD]RQDáQɿVWWDPHWDPRUIɿ]PXPɿGHQRVQLFKWUD

SDFKQLĪQMRJRZHQGX:ROLQR3RGɿáVNRʀSOLWL0ɿQHUDáRJɿF]QLM]EɿUQLNʋZLS±



0HáQLF]XN:*3ULFKRGNR:à.ZDVQLFMDȱ:6NDNXQà=.RVRZVNLM-D20DWHMXN::

&KDUF]LV]LQ-X'3RáɿV]F]XN$0=RáRWRQRVQɿVWF]RFKáDSɿZQɿF]QRʀF]DVWLQL:ROLQR

3RGɿáVNRʀSOLWL=EɿUQLNQDXNRZLFKSUDF8NU'*5ȱʋ±

3DOLMHQNR:31RZHMV]DMDJHRGLQDPLNDLHMHRWUDĪHQLMHZUHáMHIH8NUDLQ\.LMHZ1DXNRZD

GXPND

3ULFKRGNR:à.RVRZVNLM-D$,ZDQLZ,13HUVSHNWLZ\PHGHQRVQRVWLZXáNDQRJHQQ\FK

REUD]RZDQLMZRá\QVNRMVHULLàXNRZVNR5DWQHQVNRMJRUVWRZRM]RQ\*HRáRJLF]HVNLMĪXUQDáʋ

±

5XGHQNR .: 'HUHZVND .ȱ .RZDáF]XN 06 7LQNRZ :2  2VREOLZRVWɿ FKɿPɿ]PX

VDPRURGQRʀPɿGɿ]ZXáNDQɿWɿZ8NUDʀQLWD.RPDQGRUVNLFKRVWURZɿZ*HRJUD¿MDJHRHNRáRJLMD

JHRáRJLMDRS\WQDXF]Q\FKLVVáHGRZDQLM0DWHULDá\9,,,0HĪGXQDURGQRMQDXF]QRMNRQIHUHQFLL

VWXGHQWRZDVSLUDQWRZLPRáRG\FKXF]HQ\FK.LMHZ:\S±

6NDNXQà7NDF]XN$0HáQLF]XN:7LSLFHRáɿWRZLFKDVRFɿDFɿMZJɿGURWHUPDáQLFKXWZRUHQ

QMDFKZROLQVNRʀVHUɿʀ0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

6]XPáMDQVNLM à: &LPEDá 60  3UR FKDUDNWHU ZWRULQQLFK ]PɿQ ZXáNDQRJHQQLFK SRUɿG

WUDSRZRʀIRUPDFɿʀ:ROLQɿ0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

6]XPáMDQVNLM:$3ULFKRGNR:àĩLNDáMDN1:=DJQLWNR:12VQRZQ\HJHRáRJRSUR

P\V]áHQQ\HWLS\PHGQ\FKPHVWRURĪGHQLM8NUDLQ\0ɿG:ROLQɿ.LMHZàRJRV±

=QDPHQVNDMD72&]HEDQHQNRȱȱ3URZɿGREUDĪHQQMDUR]áRPQREáRNRZRʀWHNWRQɿNLIXQGD

PHQWX:ROLQR3RGɿáVNRʀVLQHNáɿ]LXEXGRZɿʀʀRVDGRF]QRJRSRNULZXWDUHáɽIɿ'RS$18565

6HU%ʋ±

=QDPHQVNDMD7$&]HEDQHQNR,,%áRNRZDMDWHNWRQLND:Rá\QR3RGROLL.LMHZ1DXNRZD

GXPND



1(:'$7$$%28725(%($5,1*2)7+(1(23527(52=2,&)/22'%$6$/76

=QDPHQVNDMD7$6WUXNWXUQ\HSURMDZáHQLMDVGZLJRZRMWHNWRQLNLQD:Rá\QR3RGROLL7HNWR

QLNDLVWUDWLJUD¿MDZ\S±

675(6=&=(1,(

:]RU\UR]SURZDG]HQLDGUXJRU]ĊGQHMPLQHUDOL]DFMLLNZHVWLDWHNWRQLF]QHMNRQWUROLPLQHUDOL]D

FMLSRZLQQ\]RVWDüUR]SR]QDQHZFHOXLGHQW\¿NDFMLFHFKIRUPRZDQLDVLĊPHWDOLQDWXUDOQ\FKZSR

NU\ZDFKODZRZ\FK]QHRSURWHUR]RLNX:Rá\Ĕ8NUDLQD0HWRGDNODV\¿NDFML]PLDQSR]ZROLáDQD

VWZRU]HQLHPDS\SĊNQLĊüZVWUXNWXUDFKVHG\PHQWDF\MQ\FKZ5DWQLHZQDMQLĪV]\PSRWRNXZFHOX

RNUHĞOHQLDLQWHQV\ZQRĞFLSĊNDQLDVNDáZVWUH¿HXVNRNXZ&]DUWRU\VNX:FHOXXVWDOHQLDFHFKUR]

SURZDG]DQLD PLQHUDOL]DFML PHWDOL QDWXUDOQ\FK Z QHRSURWHUR]RLF]Q\FK ED]DOWDFK SU]HSURZDG]RQR

EDGDQLD PLQHUDORJLF]QH SHWURJUD¿F]QH L JHRFKHPLF]QH$QDOL]D FKHPLF]QD VNDá ZXONDQLF]Q\FK

]PLHG]LąVUHEUHPL]áRWHP]RVWDáDZ\NRU]\VWDQDGRVWZRU]HQLDVFKHPDWyZUR]SURZDG]DQLDPHWDOL

ZQDMQLĪV]\PSRWRNXED]DOWXZVWUXNWXUDFKVHG\PHQWDF\MQ\FKZ5DWQLH

']LĊNL WHPX GRZLDGXMHP\ VLĊ ĪH VNDá\ ZXONDQLF]QH Z VWUH¿H XVNRNX Z &]DUWRU\VNX SU]H

V]á\ZLHOH]PLDQ1HRSURWHUR]RLF]QHSRNU\Z\ODZRZHSU]HV]á\]PLDQ\ZVSRVyEQLHUyZQRPLHUQ\

LFKDUDNWHU\]XMąVLĊSRGZ\ĪV]RQąNRQFHQWUDFMąPHWDOLV]ODFKHWQ\FK

5HJLRQDOQH]PLDQ\SU]\ELHUDMąIRUPĊSDODJRQLWXFKORU\WX]HROLWyZFKDOFHGRQyZLDQDOF\

PyZ:\ND]DQRĪHNV]WDáWRZDQLHQDV\FRQHMPLQHUDOL]DFMLPHWDOLQDWXUDOQ\FKPLHGĨVUHEURQL

NLHOFKURPMHVW]ZLą]DQH]UHJLRQDOQ\PL]PLDQDPLZSRWRNXED]DOWXZ5DWQLH:VWUHIDFKRSRG

Z\ĪV]RQ\PSĊNDQLXLEUHNFMLZ\VWĊSXMąNZDUFQLVNRWHPSHUDWXURZ\NDUERQLW\LVLDUF]NLUR]SURZD

G]DQHPLHMVFRZR0LHMVFDRVWDWQLHMPLQHUDOL]DFMLPHWDOL]áRWRVUHEURRáyZUyZQLHĪVąPLHMVFRZH

L]ZLą]DQH]HVWUHIDPLEUHNFML