Widok Русский национальныц стиль и эго реализация в текстах современных сми

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jiHHrBOKynbTypH ot ppyroii h b coBOKynnocTH 0opMHpyK)ipHX HapnoHajibHbiii cthjib KOMMyHHKaijHnw (Jlapmia 2007: 5).

BbiHBJicHiic HapnoHaabHbix ocoSeHHOCTefi penesoro noBcpeiiua KOHKpeTHoro copnyMa hmcct orpoMHoe 3HaneHHe pjia fbpmohhhhoh MeacKyjitTypHOH KOMMyHHKapHH, fljia nOCTH/KOHHM 3THOHCHXOJIOr'HH liapO/ia, fljia BCTpaHBaHHM COÓCTBCHHOH KyjIbTypbl B rjIOÓajIbHBIH KOHTCKCT. HapHOHaJIbHblH CTHJIB, c ero OCOÓeHHOCTMMH, oSyCJIOBJieHHblMH HapHOHBJIbHOH KyjIBTypoil, HrpaeT onpeflejiHiomyio pojib b nparMaTHKe MOKKyjibTypnoro B3aHMopencTBHa. H ecjiH paCCMaTpHBaTB CTHJIB C TOHKH 3peHHS npaTMaTHKH H KOMMyHHKaTHBHOH CTHJIHCTHKH, TO CMy MO7KHO JJBTb CJiepy lOHICC OHpCJJCJICHHC: cmujlb - STO npe/jjiaraeMaa b paMKax JiHTepaiypHoro n3BiKa mojjcjib ycneniHOH coijHajiBHOH KOMMyHHKapHH, perJiaMCHTHpyeMBa HaSopOM 3TaJIOHHBIX lepi (HOpMBI cthjib), b 3a/iaHHOH (cOUHajIBHO 3HaHHMOH) C(])cpc OÓLUCHHB.

Ho cmmib motkho paccMaTpHBaTB h c ppyrnx, ne nparMaTHPecKHx hoshphh1 .

C KyjIBTypOJIOrHHeCKHX HO3HPHH CTHJIB BBJiaeTCM BepynjCH SCTeiHHCCKOH KaTeropneii h onpepenaerca KaK «MHoroypoBHeBaa pejiocTHaa cncreMa npHHijHnoB xypo>KecTBCfiHoro MbimjieHHa, oóycjiOBJiCHnaa pyxoM BpeMeHH, TpaHC(j)OpMHpOBaHHBIM KOJUICKTHBHblM HJIH MHJJHBHJiyajIBHBIM SCTeTHHCCKHM C03HaHHeM» (Ebihkob 2009: 289).

CjiejjyeT OTMCTHTb, HTO CTHJIB MO/KCT paCCMaTpHBaTBCa He TOJIBKO KaK OflHH H3 OCHOBHBIX 3JICMCHTOB H MOJiyCOB KyjIbTypbl, HO H KBK CaMOC I Oal CJIbHaa pyXOBHaa cyócTaHUHa. HapnoHajiBHBiH cthjib h cctb KBHHTSCceHijHa HapnoHajiBHOH KyjiBTypBi (BKjnonaa hacojiotkio, ncHxojiorHio, BTHKy Haunn). 3to

HapHOHajiBHoe caMOCO3HaHHe, oTpaaceHHoe b a3BiKe h - c noMombfo a3BiKa - saKpenjieHHoe b copHajiBHO 3HanHMBix TeKcrax (ny6jiHH,HCTHHecKHx, XypO>KCCTBCHHO-JIHTepaTypHBIX, HayMHBIX, O(f)HHHajIBHO-JiejIOBBIx).

H B TBKOM nOHHMaHHH HapHOHajIBHBIH CTHJIB KaK pyXOBHBIH (^CHOMCH npOTHBOCTOHT HaiJHOHaJIBHOMy CTHJIIO KOMMyHHKapHH (KOMMyHHKaTHBHOMy 3THOCTHJIK)) KBK «THHH3HpOBBHHOMy» CTHJIK) peHCBOTO HOBepCHHa

1 J13BeCTHbIH IIIBeiiliapCKHH JIHHFBHCT IlaTpHK CepHOCHMTaeT Hai[MK> HKyjlLTypy Bbl/iyMKOH HeMeiiKHx poMaHTHKOBunpHBOjjHTb npnMcp tot 4>aKT,hto pyccKHH jihhtbuct einySyjjcT noHSTHee uójimjkc, hcmiiiBeiiuapcKMii GanKiip, c kotopbimoh roBopm Ha ojihom a ibiKC(3to MHeHHe oh BMCKaaaji b jihhhoh Secejje Ha 1 MeacjiynapoaHOM ceMHHape «fl,HCKypc. HHTepnpeTaiiHS. IIcpcBoji» b BoponeaccKOM yHHBepcHTere, 27-28 anpejia 2012 r.). TaKoe MHeHHe, KaK HaM KaaceTca, apKOjjeMOHCTpnpyeT pa3Jitiqne b jjByxnonxojjax k noHHMaHHio HaqHH, KyjIbTypbl h - b kohchhom HTore - naijHOHajibHoro cthjih: coijHonparMaTHHecKHH nOJJXOJI(HeOMapKCHCTCKHH) H OCTeTHKO-KyjIbTypOJIOTHHeCKHH ((jjeHOMeHOJIOTHHeCKHH).

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«Tnnn3npoBaHHoro» npeacTaBHTejia /jannoro JinHrBOKyjibTypnoro cooómccTBa. HanpoTUB, HapHOHajibHbiH cthjib, 6e3 okob nparMarHKH, - sto 3majioHHbiu

cmwib, BMenjaiomłiii ayxoBHoe óotbtctbo naijHH, ee noHUManne asbiKa KaK ^yXOBHOH HCHHOCTH. CTHJIb H OCO3HaCTCM KaK pC(|)JICKCH« HHTejIJICKTyajIbHOH

bjihtbi counyMa naa (J)opMoił Bbipa>KeHHa BHyrpeHHeń jjyxoBHoii chjibihbiihh, ee aKcnojiorHHecKHX, 3CTeTHHecKHx u 3thhcckhx uneajioB. O. IIIneHrnep b «3aKare EBponbi» iihiuct: «Cthjib, KaK h KyjibTypa, ecTb nepBO(|)eHOMeH b crpoacanmcM reTeBCKOM CMbicjie, Bce paBHO cthjib HCKyccTB, pcjiarnii, mbicjich hjih cthjib

caMoii 2KH3HH. KaK h «npHpoaa», cthjib ecTb bchho HOBoe nepeacHBaHHe óojjpcTByionjero hcjiobckb, ero alter ego h 3epKajibnoe OToSpaaceHHe b ok- pyjKaiomcM MHpe. Oiroro b o6njeH hctophhcckoh KapiHHc kbkoh-jihóo Ky- JlbTypbl MOJKCT HajIHHCCTBOBai b TOJIBKO OJJHH CTHJib - CmUJlb 3mOU KyjlbmypblK (IIIneHEiiep 1993:373). HaijHOHajibHbiH cthjib—sto BbipawciiHC yHHKajiBHOH hji- COJIOrHH, 3CTCTHKH H 3THKH HaLJHH B CC CTpeMJICHHH K rapMOHHH C YHHBepCyMOM. HaijHOHajibHMH cthjib u MaccoBaa Kyjibrypa

PyCCKHH HaiJHOHajIbHblH CTHJIb HCTOpHTCCKH CKJiajJblBajICa B a3b!Ke HHCbMeHHOH jiHTepaiypbi (HCTOpHnecKOH, xyjiO/KCCTBCHHOH, HayHHoii). Ho bto ace BpeMa oh

BHHTbiBaji b ceóa ycrayio (napoanyio) pyccKyio KyjibTypy. Oh c(|)opMHpoBajica

kbk cnjiaB TpaflHiiHOHHOH KyjibTypbi h KyjibTypbi ajinrapnoii, cosflaHHoii ayMaromeii, pc([)jieKCHpyK>iiieH, HHTejiJieKTyajibHoii nacTbio pyccKoro oómccTBa. B otom cMbicae HapHOHajibHbiH cTnjib npnHa/iJie>KHT BbicoKOH Kyjibiype, Koropaa BKjHonaeT b ce6a TpajjHijHOHHyio h 3JiHTapnyio Kyabiypy h npoTHBOCTOHT KyjibType MaccoBon.

CoBpeMeHHbie ([)Haoco(j)bi oTMenaioT, mto «TpąnHpHOHHaa Kyjibrypa bbi- CTynaeT kbk MexaHH3M coxpaHCHHa coiiHOKyjibTypnon HH(J)opMauHH, OJiHTapHaa - KaK MexaHH3M npOH3BOflCTBa HOBbIX 3HalICHHH H CMblCJIOB KyjibTypbi, MaccoBaa - KaK MexaHH3M CTaÓHJiHaapHH copHajibHbix CTpyicryp» (KocTHHa 2009: 12).

MaccoBaa Kyjibrypa - sto hc pa3HOBH/jHOCTb TpajjHiiHOHHOM Kyjibiypbi, a cynjecTBeHHoe H3MeHeHHe KyjibTypbi b ijcjiom. MaccoBaa KyjibTypa kbk

HayHHO-(J)HJioco(|)CKaa KaTeropna (iBKJHonaeT b ce6a Tpn nonaTHa. Bo-nepBbix, «KyjibTypy» KaK ocoóbiił xapaKTep npojjyKTa. Bo-btophx, «MaccoBocTb» KaK CTeneHb pacnpocTpaHeHHa npojiyKra. B-TpeTbHX, «KynbTypy» KaK ayxoBHyio IieHHOCTb». OcHOBHblMH XapaKTCpHCTHKaMH MBCCOBOH KyjibTypbi npH3HBK)TCa «ynpomeHHaa nonana npoóaeMaTHKH; onopa Ha crepeoTHnHbie o6pa3bi, h/ich,

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CBOŻKCTEi; OpHeHTHpOBaHHOCTB Ha OÓBIBaTCJia, HB3 7KH3HB npOTeKaeT CKyHHO H oflHOo6pa3HO» (ASjiccb, Ky3BMHHCKaa).

B 3T0M CMBICJie HaijUOHOJlbHblU CmiUlb, (JjOpMHpyKHIjnnCa Ha OCHOBC CJIHSHHfl Tpa^HIIHOHHOH H SJIHTapHOM KyjIBTyp, npOTHBOCTOHT ycpejjHCHHOMy, oócajiMHCHHOMy, npHMHTHBHOMy non-cmwiio (cthjho mbccoboh KyjiBTypBi), HaflHaijnoHajiBHOMy, xapaicrepHOMy jjaa oónjecTBa noTpe6jieHHa b jhoóoh crpane, to cctb xapaKTepHOMy ,qjia Bceii «rjio6ajiBHOH /jepeBHH» (no MaKKJiio3Hy), oÓBe/iHHeHHOH acaaęjoH noipeSjienna, rnoSajmcTCKoii moaoh Ha peajiH3yeMBie TOBapBi, ycjiyrn, oGpaa jkhshh.

Mbi nojiaracM, htogctbnai^uoHajibHhiu cmwib, OTpaacaronjHn HaijnoHajiBHBie OCOÓCHHOCTH KOHKpeTHOH IIBLIHH H aBJiatOHJMHCa 3T3JI0HHBIM CTHJieM 3TOH HaijHH, h ecTB rjioóajiHCTCKHii non-cmujib (HajjnanHOHajiBHBiH, TOHHee - aHTHHanHOHaaBHBiii), OTpaJKaiomnn n (j)MKCnpyjoinnji MaccoByio KyjiBTypy nioGajiBHoro nocTHHjiycTpHajiBHoro oóipecTBa norpeSjienna, He 3iiaioincro HaunoHajiBHBix rpaHHH, h (|>opMnpyłomero BKycBi cpednezo «ijHBHJiH3OBaHHoro» nejiOBCKa (ne KOCMonojiHTa, ne rpaaęzjaHHHa Mapa), a KOHBeńepHOH jihhhocth, noTpeÓHTejia MaccoBoii KyjiBTypBi, c H^eonorneii, MOfloił, paspyniaiomeH HaiiHOHajiBHBie rpanniiBi. Kaic nnineT coBpeMeHHBiii pyccKHH <|)hjioco(|) B.B. Mhpohob: «KyjiBTypa, /jeHCTBHTenBHO, ohbhb cepBeano MenaeTca. CoBpeMeHHaa MaccoBaa KyjiBTypa, hjih non-KyjiBTypa, nacTO BBipBiBaeTca 3a paMKH KyjiBTypBi KaK TaKOBOH, nOTOMy HTO OHa He HMeCT 3THHH6CKHX Kopneii. 3to npoiiecc uioGajinaannn. O/jHaaęiBi bo BpeMa noesjjKH b Kmaii b aBTOóyce BKJHOHHaH TejieBH3op - HcnojiHajiacB KaKaa-TO necHa. Mne a3BiK KHTaiicKHH He Hyacen Gbiji. Mne óbijio bcc aócojiiOTHO nonaTHO - no HHTOHaijHH, no TejiojiBHJKeHHaM. 3to yace ne HH30Baa KyjiBTypa, ne napoanaa, KaK ee onpeaejiaji BaxTHH. 3to rjioóajiBHoe nocTpoeHne, Korjja a3BiK ne omchb-to h ny»eH» (Me^naTpeHjiBi 2012: 2).

STajiOHHOCTB HapHOHajiBHoro CTiuia npoaBJiaeTca b ero opneHTaiiHH na BBicoKne /iyxoBHBie iichhocth (hcthhb, jjoGpo, Kpacora, comacnc, jiioóobb, COÓOpHOCTB, naTpHOTH3M), KOTOpBie OCO3HaiOTCa KaK HOpMa CTHJia. Cjiea,OBaT6JIBHO, JJCBHaHTHOCTB, OTKJIOHCHHe OT CTHJieBOrO BTBJIOHa (Bpaama, aroHajiBHOCTB, penesaa arpeccna, MaHHnyjiaijHa, HenaBHCTB, 6e3o6pa3HOCTB, 3rOIjeHTpH3M, KOCMOHOJIHTH3M / 3anaAHHMCCTBO) 3aKOHOM6pHO oiieHHBaeTca HeraTHBHO HOCHTejiaMn pyccKoro a3BiKa. 3to nepn^epHa, MaprHHajiBHaa oGjiacTB HcnojiB3OBaHna (npnMeneHHa) naijHOHajiBHoro a3BiKa.

B pyccKOH CTHJincTHKe Bceraa OTMenajiHCB / aKueHTnpoBajmcB jjbc jimhhh peiCBoro noBejjcnna (TT. BHHOKyp): BOCxoAanjaa (c opneHTaiiHeii Ha oranon) h

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HHCxoflsmaa (Spyraabnaa, naoma/jnaa), acTeTHHecKH nepeocMbicjieHHaa M. EaxTHHMM KaK KapHauajibHaa.

Bocxoaanjaa jihhhh pencBoro noBejjeHHa oco3HaBaaacb KaK ojiHTapnaa, u

hmchho ona KyjiBTHBHpOBanacb kbk oSpaaeu, cocraBJiaa ocnoBy jinTeparypHbix npon3BCflCHnn. Hncxoaamaa jiHHna xapaKrepna aaa onox «6ypn h HarncKa» (IleTpoBCKHe pecjiopMbi, peBoaionHa 1917 r., nepecrpoiiKa), b KOTopbix JIOMHHHpyiOmHM CTHJICBblM npH3HaKOM CTaHOBHTCS «CMeiHeHHe CTHJICH», c opHeHTaijHen Ha HH3OByio aHTHKyjibiypy, Kowpaa hh b kocm cjiyaae ne aBjiaerca TpaainpiOHHOH, HapojpioH, a, HaoóopoT, CTaHOBirrca BbipaaceHueM TeMHOH, 7KHBOTHOH CHJIbl, XapaKTCpHOH HC /Ula KyjIbTypHOH CaMOpC(j)JICKCHH, a ajia npoaBJieHMa hhcthhktob BbDKHBaHna. Taraie 3noxn CTanoBaTca «TOHKaMH MonTiaHna» /jjia pa3BHTna HaijHOHajibHoro criuia. Ohh - oTKjioneHHe ot

HaijHOHajibHoro cnuia, aaÓBCHne ero khhohob, npepbiBHCTOCTb h cnaa b ero pa3BHTHH.

3th abcjihhhh pencBoro noBC/iCHHa h cero/jHa asnaioTca opraHH3yioniHMH KOMMyHHKaTHBHoe npocTpaHCTBO pyccKoro a3biKa, KOTopbiH HanSonee nojiHocjjyHKUHOHajibHo peajiH3yeTca ceroflHa b MaccMe^HiiHOM npocTpaHCTBe.

CoBpeMeHHaa poccuncKaa Me/tnaKOMMyHHKapna npeflCTaBaeHa TpeMa OCHOBHblMH TUnaMH JJHCKypCOB: HHc[)OpMaHHOHHbIM, HySjIHUHCTHHCCKHM H pasBjieKarejibHbiM, pa3JinqaiomMMnca cboch HHTennnoHajibHOCTbio, KOMMynn- KaTHBHbiMH cTpaTerHaMH h TaKTHKaMH nopoacacHHa TCKCTOB, a TaKSCe nepjiOKyTHBHbiM scJajłeKTOM, HanpaBJienHbiM na ajipecaTa. )KypHajiHCTCKaa npaKTHKa paccHHTana Ha caMbie niHpoKne choh Hacejienna, na MaccoBoro aapecara. TeM ne Menee MaeeoBOCTb ne oananaeT ozjHopo^HOCTb aynHTopHH. AapecaHT MeflHaflHCKypca co3aaer cboh npoH3Be/ieHHa c hctkoh opncHTauMCH Ha «CBoero» a^pccara - BflyMHHBoro, anajiH3Hpyiomero (a^pccar KanecTBeHHbix CMH) hjih

,

Haoóopor, «nerKoro» HHTareaa acejiToii npeccbi. Ecjih

MeflHaflHCKype, npoayijHpyeMbiH KanecTBenHOH npeccoii, peajiH3yer Bocxoaan],yio jihhhk) peaeBoro noBejjeHHa h OTajiOHHbiii CTHJib, TaK KaK opueHTHpoBaH Ha BflyMHHBoro, pe(J).neKCHpyiomero a^pecara, npeflnoHHTaioniero «MCfljieHHoe htchhc», to SyjibBapHbiH ^HCKypc aceaToń npeccbi, c ero HHTenijHeH pasBjieaeHHa h opnenTapneH na snaTaac, Ha aeBHaHTHOCTb TeMbi, (JjaKTOB, CTHJia, na HHCxojjamyio JinHHK) peaeBoro noBeaeHHa, (|)opMHpyeT noTpeÓHTCJia HHtjjopMapHH hhskoto KanecTBa (cayxoB, CKannajioB, ennei CH) h npoayKTOB MaccoBoii KyjibTypbi.

(7)

PyCCKUU HaifUOHCUlbHblU cmujlb

HATAJIba H. KJiyillUHA

KyjibTypa

b

coBpeMeHHOM Me^HanpocTpaHCTBe

CoBpeMenHbie

cpe^cTBa

mhccoboh

nn(]iopMannn TpaHCjmpyioT

b o

G

hjcctbo

ne

TOJIbKO COUHajlbHO-riOJIHTUMCCKUC HfleH.

CMH

TaK>Ke MBJiaiOTCM IipOBOJIHHKaMH

KyjibTypbi

b

Maccbi. C

hx

noMonjbK) nocTHaceHHa KyjibTypbi CTaHOBaTca

H3BecTHbiMM MaccoBOMy aapecaTy. B

btom coctoht

ojjua H3 Ba»cHeHinnx

coijnajibHbix (J)yHKUHH cpeacTB

mbccoboh

KOMMyriHKauiiH.

Ho npoH3BeaeHna KyjibTypbi, nonanaa

b

MaccoBOKOMMyHHKaTHBHoe

npocTpaHCTBo, TpancjiHpyacb CMH, ;ioxojiaT 40 ajjpccaTa ne

b hhctom

, a

b

TpaHC(J)OpMHpOBaHHOM BHfle.

B

KOMMyHHKaTHBHOM npocTpaHCTBe

CMH

nponcxoaaT TaKne npopeccbi, KaK nojiumujaijiiJi Kyjibmypbi, MaccoBU3aipifi

Kyjibmypbi

h

cosdaHue

mclccobou

Kyjibmypbi.

Ilojiumu3aiiUH Kyjibmypbi -

sto

«npncnoca6jinBaHne» (JieHOMeHOB

TpaflMiiHOHHoii

hjih

3jiHTapHon KyjibTypbi non nojiHTHHecKHe Hyacflbi

KOHKpeTHoro oónjecTBa, KOHKpeTHoii snoxH. HpomBejieHHa TpajpnjHOHHOH u

3JiHTapHoii KyjibTypbi «o6pacTaK>T»

h

^

icojiothhcckumii

CMbicjiaMH, HaciuibCT-

bchho

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b

H/ieojiorHHecKHH

kohtckct

, nojiHTH3HpyiOTca u

THpaiKnpyioTca CMH, He

ctojibko

npno6maa MaccoBoro aapecaTa

k

KaaecTBeHHbiM oópaapaM KyjibTypbi, CKOJibKO HneonorHHecKH «3apaacaa»

MaCCOBOe COIHaHHC HCO6xOJIHMblMH IIOJIHTMMCCKHMH CMblCJiaMH C nOMOIHblO

apxernnoB TpajiminonHOH u nunoo6pa3OB sjinrapnoił KyjibTypbi.

TaK, HanpuMep, 6buio c My3biKajibHbiMH npon3BC,neHHaMH Baraepa

hjih

4>

hjioco

4)

ckhmh

TpaKTaTaMH Kupnie, ncnojib3OBaBniHMHca

b

rHTJiepoBCKoii

TepMaHHH

b

KaaecTBe nojniTnqccKiix MaHiiifiecTOB. B P

occhh

, HanpuMep, 6bin

noaHTH3HpoBaH cyryóo 3

kohomhhcckhh

Tpyn K. MapKca «KannTaji», a oópa3

EaiapoBa, BonpeKH 3aMbicjiy H.C. TyprcHCBa, CTaji MaHH^ecTOM HHTHJiH3Ma. H

Aaace G

buih

nonbiTKH co3naHHa npojieTapcKoii KyjibTypbi («HpoaeTKyjibT»),

BbinojinaionieH nojiHTHHecKHii 3aKa3

hoboto

npojicrapcKor o rocygapcTBa.

B

npoijecce nojiumu3ai{uu Kyjibmypbi

CMH

nrpaiOT Beaynjyio pojib,

oóecneHHBaa c noMonibio MaeeoBOCTH, nacTOTHocTH, TOTajibHOCTH

BoenpoH3Boa,CTBa

cboch

upojiyKijMn MaKCHMajibnoe flaBjicHwc Ha ajipccara

h

(JiopMHpyioT ycToiiHHBbie nucojTorHMecKMC CTepeoTHnbi na 6a3e KyjibTypHbix

c

|)

chomchob

. TaKHM oópasoM, nojinTHHecKaa ^ccjiopManna oópaapoB

bbicokoh

KyjibTypbi

b

CMH

hmcct

HfleojiorHHecKyio HHTCHiiHOHajibHOCTb

h

paccMHrana Ha

nojiHTH3aijHio MaccoBoro anpecaTa.

CMH

b

aannoM cjiynae aBJiaioTca

nojiHTHHecKHM HHTepnpeTaTopoM BblCOKOH KyjibTypbi.

(8)

Eme

ojjhh

cnocoS B3aHMOfleiiCTBHa

CMH

h

KyjibTypbi -

bto

MaccoBusaipui

Kyjibmypbi, T.e. THpaacHpoBaHHe KyjibTypnbix (JjeHOMeHOB nepes KanaJiM

MaccoBoii KOMMyHHKaijHH. E

cjih

, nojiMTH3Hpya KyjibTypy, CMH npecJieayioT

H/jeojiorHHecKne peim,

to b

npopecce MaccoBH3an,HH cpegcTBa MaccoBoń

KOMMyHHKaunH BbinojiHaioT npocBCTHTejibCKyio (JjyHKiiHio. TpaHCJiHpya no

cbohm

KanajiaM npoHiBC/jCHna BbicoKoro MCKyccTBa,

CMH

«OKyjibTypHBaiOT»

MaccoBoro ajjpecara, npnoómaiOT ero

k

6a3OBbiM

h

BJiHTapnbiM KyjibiypHbiM

UeHHOCTBM.

CoBpeMeHHbiH nejiOBeK, no cnoBaM B.B. MnponoBa, no# Eaxa

hhctht

KapToniKy (MnponoB 2008). TeM caMbiM CHH/KacTca jjyxoBHoe BocnpnaTHe

npoH3BejjeHHH MCKyccTBa

mbccobbim

aapecaroM. Ho nojjoÓHoe HCKaacenne

xpoHOTona ne

hh

3

bojjht

(J

jchomchm bmcokoh

KyjibTypbi 40 ypoBna

mbccoboh

KyjibTypbi. O

hh

CTanoBBTca innpoKO n3BecTHbi, nx

ochobhmc h

^

ch

ByjibrapnanpyioTCH,

ho ohh hc

nepecraiOT

hmctb

flyxoBHyio

h

KyjibiypHyio

UCHHOCTb, T.e. OHH HC TpaHC(|)OpMHpyK)TCa B MaCCKyjIbT. HoKa>KCHHC XpOHOTOna

oócjjHacT cjiymarejia, a He (|)yry Eaxa. HosTOMy, Ha Hani B3rjia/j, cjiejjyeT

OTJiHnaTb nojiumusayuK)

h

Macco6U3ayuK>

bmcokoh

KyjibTypbi

ot coóctbchho

Maccoaou Kyjibmypbi.

Macco6an Kyjibmypa —

sto ocoóbihthh

KyjibTypbi. 3

to

Kyjibiypa MaccoBoro

HHflycTpnajibHoro oGipecTBa, nopoacsennaa npopeccaMH yp6aHH3apHH

h

rjio6ajiH3aijHH. Ona noaaBjiaer Bbicoicyio Kyjibiypy, HaBaiMBacTca oGiiicciBy,

flOMHHHpyeT B HCM H CO3JiaC1 OCOÓyiO - nOTpeGHTCJIbCKyiO - HHTCHIIHOHajIb-

nocTb. ^.Eejui nncaji,

mto

«MaccoBaa KyjibTypa -

sto

CBoero pojia oprann ianHa

oObmeHHoro cosnaHna

b

HHifiopMauHOHHOM o6mecTBe» (Eejui 1993: 96).

MaccoBaa Kyjibiypa lacio Hcnojib3yeT

hjjch h

oópa3bi

bmcokoh

KyjibTypbi,

CBopanHBaa

hxb

npeuejjcHTbi, a 3areM SccnomajiHO THpa>KHpya

h

ByiibrapH3Hpya

hx

. H

oao

G

hmh

MexaHH3M npeBpaincHna npepeflenroB

bmcokoh

KyjibTypbi

b

BJieMeHTbi MaccoBoii KyjibTypbi onncan

b

CTaTbe JIcoHHjja 3jioTKHHa H

oiobck

,

noKasaeiuuu Mupy HibiK («Fa3eTa», 2010, 16 Mapra): «X

hmhk

AjieKcan^p

EopOAHH, KaK H3BCCTHO, 6bIJI CIUC H KOMHO3HTOpOM. CO3/iaTCJIb 3HaMCHHTOrO

cjiOBapa pyccKoro a3MKa Bjia/jHMHp .ZJajib 6

mji

eme n BecbMa

h

3

bccthmm

ncTcpóyprcKHM

mcahkom

. A

bot bcjihkhh

(J

jhihk

AjibóepT 3iiHinTeHH

homhmo coóctbchhohbojih

OKaaajica eme

h

cpcjiH BH3yajibHbix

chmbojiob

non-KyjibTypbi.

He noHHMaa cyrn ero

otkpbithh

,

mbccobmh

norpeÓHTejib HHTyHTHBHO

cb

-

a3MBaer ero HMa c ÓJiaraMH UHBHjiH3apHH,

kotopmmhoh

nojib3yeTca. Hasepnoe,

nosTOMy, roBopa coBpeMenHbiM (n OTBpaTHrejibHMM!)

bsbikom

, SfinniTeiiH craji

MaCCOBMM SpeHflOM, HJIH - npOIIje - peKJiaMHOH TOprOBOH MapKOH. Ee3 BCaKHX K

(9)

PyCCKUU Hai{UOHaJlbHblU cmwib HATAJIbM H. KJiyiUMHA

TOMy ycHJiHii co CBoeii CTopoHbi... BbicyHyrtiH»3mk SnHnrreHHa ananasie

yK-pamajictchm HHH hKE... Ho 3arew hoh OTnpaBHJica oGiumm nyreM h CTan

yicp-ameHHCMsura MaeK. Ho »CH3Hb, kbk hsbcctho, hc ctohtHamcctc. H bot yace HHTepHCT-nOHCKBBIJiaCT HaM «flH3aiffl MCÓCJIHAjIbSepT 3HHHITeHH», a TaK»ce H

McócjibHbic caaoHbitoto»ccSpen^a. Bh.hhmo, coBpeMeHHOH Kyjibiype Meóenbot

3HHHiTenHa Gjihtkc,hcm ero 40 chx nop Bbi3biBaioiuaa cnopbi Teopna».

Ecjih paHbme npoayKTbi MaccKynbTa toubko TpaHCJinpoBajiHCb ncpcs CMH

(HanpHMep, HCKOTopbie THnbi peioiaMHbix tckctob hjih nyóJiHKyioiiiHeca na CTpaHHH,aX ra3CTSICTCKTHBHblCpaCCKa3bl), TO CCrOflHM CaMH Cpe^CTBa MaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKapHHCO3JjaiOT HX. HmCHHO B npOCTpaHCTBeMaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKaiJHH (JjopMHpyeTca /iHCKypc pasBjieneHHa, b kotopom y/jOBjieTBopaiOTca

oóbiBaTejibCKne HHTepecbi MaccoBoromhtbtcjih(KayniHHa 2009).

C(J)OpMHpOBaHHbIH CCTOJIHa B MCflHHHOMnpOCTpaHCTBe, B OCHOBHOM IKejITOH

npeccbi, pasBjieKarejibHbiH .zjHCKypc hmcct Taicne MTCHUHOHajitHo

oSycjiOBneHHbie xapaKrepHCTHKH,kbkcencaijHOHHOCTb, HHTpura, anaraacHOCTb,

peKJiaMHOCTb, HTO HOJIHOCTbK) COOTBCTCTByeT xapaKTepHCTHKaM caMoro MaccKynbTa. Pa3BjicKarcjibHbiH AHCKypc CMH npH3BaH npHBjienb bhhmbhhc HHTaTena n noBbiCHTb TupaacH b coBpeweHHyio 3noxy mccctkoh KOHKypenpHH Me/jHHHbix npoayKTOB. Taicaa 3KCTpajiHHrBHCTHHecKaa noaonaeKa pa3Bjic-KaTejibHbix MarcpnajioB b CMH BbiflBHraer na nepBbiii nnan He AyxoBHbie

peHHOCTH, npHcynjHebbicokoh KyjibType, a moKOByio 3CTCTHKy, peKJiaMHOCTb, npoflaBaeMOCTb, KOTopbie cTaHOBarca Mopaabio coBpeMeHHoii mbccoboh Kyjibiypbi. KaK oibcmbct b HHTepBbio BMecme c UMnepueit ucuesjia u jiozuku

Kapen IIIaxHa3apoB („ApryMCHTbi h(jjaKibi” 2008, N°8):«HcKyccTBO, no-MoeMy,

TepaeT nepTbi HenoBeHHOCTH, HHflHBH^yajibHocTH, jimrhocth. ^Khboiihcb bcc

Gojiee CTanoBHTca /imbbhhom, icarp - BapbeTe, bcc H3pa^Ho c/iaópMBacTca KOMnbioTepHOH rpa(|)HKOH h oóopanHBaeTca KHHO-moy-6H3HecoM.

npoHSBefleHHe HCKyccTBa KaK nrrynHbiH npo/iyKT Ha pbiHKe He nyacHO.

PbiHOHHbiii TOBap no onpejjejieHHio He MoaceT GbiTb HHflHBHAyajibHbiM, aBTOpCKHM. Sto KOHBCHep, IHHpnOTpeÓ. 51 6bl CKB3BJI, HTO CeHHBC npOH3Be^,eHHaMHHCKyCCTBa CTaHOBaTCa aBTOMOÓHJIH - BOT 3T0 fleilCTBHTejIbHO aBTopcKHe paóoTbi,bhhx óoabnie Tajiawra h ayniH, hcmtbm, mc Tajiamyhayuic nojiOTKeno óbiTb,- b Knnrax,cneKTaiaiax, 4>iuibMax».

MarepHajiM żkcjitoh npeccbi TpancaHpyioTb oGhicctboTpriBHajibifbic h/jch,

KJIHIHHpOBBHHbieo6pa3bl, CyppOraTHbie3MOL[HH. KaK HMIIieT AjTCKCaimp Fchhc („HoBaa ra3CTa” 2009, Ne27): «MoHonojiHa pasywa b coBpeMeHHoii KyjibType

(10)

JIioSontiTHO 6

mjio

npocjiejiHTb 3aKOHOMcpHOCTb, no KOTopon BbiMeiijeHHbie H3

BbicoKoro ncKyccTBa

omoijhh

nepejiHBajiHCb

b

Sojiee HH3KHe acanpbi -

ot komhkcob

40 FojuiHBy/ia. He 3pa «MeraxnTbi», Bpo^e «TnTannKa», HanoMHHaiOT

neconnnicy

bmoiihh

:

ohh

yace ne Bbi3biBaiOT conepeacnBanne, a BbiKOJiannsaiOT

ero H3 nac».

MaccoBaa KynbTypa n MaccoBaa KOMMyHHKaijHa opnenTnpoBaHbi Ha

MaccoBoro a/jpecara. Maccoeocmb

stopo

rana KynbTypbi

h

Maccoeocmb

KOMMyHHKaijHH

b

CMH -

TOHKa eoBnaflCHna

b

onpeneneHHH

sthx

noHBTHii. OflHa

H3

ochobhmx

(JjyHKHHH

CMH -

3

to

npenocTaBneHHe oómecTBy aKTyanbHoii

HHtJjOpMaiJHH. OCHOBHaa pCHHOCTb HH(J)OpMaiJMH - B 66 H0BH3H6. Ho HOBaa

HH(|)opMaijn5i aonacna 6biTb uepapxw4Hou (no niKane coiiHanbHoii, a raKace

aKcnojioranecKon 3naHMMOCTn), a

hc

jiuHeuHou (

kbk b

pa3BjieKaTejibHOM

flHCKypee, Koraa anpccaT “saronneH” Mano3HaHmenbHbiMn ccHcannoHHbiMn

hjih

pa3BjieKaTenbHbiMH (JiaKTaMH u

hc mohcct

naiijynaTb

lichhocthmc

opncHTHpbi).

HncjjopMauMa /jonacna MOjjntjjnnnpoBaTb, yronnarb n,

b kohchhom

cneTe,

ycjioacHaTb MMeiomyioca

b

counywe Kaprany Mnpa, nnanc

mm

npnflCM

k

napanoK-

cajibnoMy BbiBoay o

tom

,

hto

Bce yace 6bino CKaaano

jjo

nac (nanpHMep, ApncTOT-

eneM), n BbiHyac^eHM OyneM OTKaaaTbca

ot

nanbHciimcio nocTnacenna OKpyacaio-

njen nac flencTBUTejibHOCTH. Maccosaa KynbTypa,

b otjihhmc ot

anuTapnoii

KynbTypbi, ne cojjepacuT

hoboh

nn^opMannn, ona ne nopoacnacr

hobbic

CMbienbi,

a ncnonb3yeT yace MMeioinneca. CospeMeHHbie HcencnoBaTenn roBopaT o

maBmojiozuHHocmu MaccoBoił KynbTypbi,

b

OTnnnne

ot

UHHoeaiiuoHHOcmu

sniiTapHoii KynbTypbi: “...

b

rpanimnoHnon KynbType oómecTBO opnenTHpyeTca

na anpoÓHpoBaHHyio HHfjiopMauHio,

b

onHTapHoii - na HHHOBaTHBHyio

HH<j)opMaijHio,

b

MaccoBoił KynbType - Ha HH([)opManiioHHyio TaBTonorHHHOCTb”

(KocTHHa

2009:11). H

nosTOMy (j)opMMpoBanHC

b

MaccoBOKOMMyHHKaraBHOM

npocTpaHCTBe pa3BneKaTenbHor o nwcKypca, KOTopbiii no

cbohm

xapaKTepHCTM-

KaM coBnanacT c MaccoBoił Kynbrypon, Bener

k

cnnacenHio ponH

CMH:

ot

npocBeTHTenbCKon HHTepnperaiiHH KynbTypbi

h

npcnociaBncHHa connyMy

aKCHOnOmeCKH 3HaHHMOIl HOBOH HH<j)OpMaiJHH /JO npHMHTHBHOFO

THpaacnpoBaHPia

h

ononinenna yace H3BecTHbix CMbienoB (

btom

HHcne

h

Hepe3

npepeaeHTHbie (JieHOMeHbi, CTaBinne KOMMyHHKaTHBHbiMH nrraMnaMH

b

COBpCMCHHOM a3MKC

CMH).

TaKHM o6pa3OM, MaccoBaa KynbTypa peanH3yerca Hepe3 pa3BneKarenbHbiH

nncicypc acenroH npeccbi, KOTopaa opHeHTHpyeTca na nosyio aKcnonorHHecKyio

HopMy - HopMy noTpeÓHTCJibCKyio. >Kenraa npecca, 3anonnaa nocyr MaccoBoro

anpccara, nenaeT 6

h

3

hcc

Ha norpeOneHHn. PyccKaa acenraa npecca ne oónanaeT

(11)

PyCCKUU HayUOHOJlbHblU cmiuib HATAJIM H. KJiyillUHA

CneUH(|)HHeCKnMH HaUHOHajIbHblMH HCpTaMU, OHa MBJiaeTCM KaJIbKOH TaKOro ace ceKTopa 3anaflHon Macc-HHAycTpHH, Kopna npoHCxoAHT «HHAHBHAyajiH3apHa ne npopeccoB TBopnecTBa, a npopeccoB nompeóneHun, tac Bbi6op chocoSob ocymecTBjieHHa aKTHBHOCTH 3a^aeTca BJiacrnbiMH CTpyKTypaMH, a norpeSjieimc opraHHHHO BimcbiBaeica b npopeflypbi TOTajibHoro ynpaBjieHHa hcjiobckomh ero noTpeÓHOCTaMH» (KocTHHa 2009: 20).

PyccKHH HauHOHajibHbiii CTiuib peajiH3yeTca b /jpyroM ceicrope MeflHHHoro npocipaHCTBa - b flHCKypce KaMCC TBCHHbix, 3jiHTapHbix CMH.

Peajin3auna h TpaHccfjopMauHa pyccKoro HannoiiajibHoro CTWia b TeKCTax

3jiHTapHbix

CMH

B pOCCHHCKOH IIOCTIICpCC rpOCHHOH MaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKaiJHH C(|)OpMHpOBaJICa ceKTop KaLiecTBenHbix H3/jaHHH pauiwmoH H/icojiornaccKOM nanpaBjieHHOCTH («HoBaa ra3era», «Mockobckhc hobocth», «Pl3BecTHa», «HoBbie n3BecTna», «KoMMepcaHTb» h Ap.). 3™ m^amia AeMOHCTpnpyiOT yBaacHTejibHoe OTHOiiieHHe k CBoeMy aApecaiy, npc/iocraBJiaa eMy KanccTBCHHyK) nmJjopMannio h ariajinTHKy, 6e3 anaraaca hacbhhhthocthb Hcnojib3OBaHHH a3biKOBbix cpcacTB. 3th naganna paccHHTaHbi Ha TaK naabiBaeMbiii «KpeaTHBHbiii KJiacc» (HHTeJIJIHreHIJHK) - B pyCCKOM HOHHMaHHH 3TOFO CJIOBa), TO CCTb Ha 3JIHTy oónjecTBa, Bbipaacaioniyio 3anpoc na oóbeKTHBHyio HHtjjopMaijHio, na apryMeHTHpoBaHHyio anajiHTnKy h na ninpoKyjo AHCKyccHio, a He MOHononH3an,HK> naeił.

Hmchho b sjimapnoH KaHCCTBCHHOH npecce peajiH3yerca pyccKHH Hapno- HajIbHBIH CTHJIb, nOHHMaeMMH HaMH KaK CTHJIb BTajIOHHblH.

BeaymHe poecHHCKHe yneHbie aaBHO oi MCMator tot (jiaKT, mto b yc;iOBHax COBpeMeHHOTO HH4>OpMailHOHHOrO OÓlHCCTBa a3bIK MaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKapHH BblABHHyjiea B IjeHTp (jjyHKUnOHaJIbHO-CTHJIHCTHHeCKOii CHCTCMbl a3bIKa H HMeHHO oh, a He «3biK xyAoacecTBeHHoń jiHTepaiypbi, KaK stoóbijio panee, craji Bcaymefi 4>opMOH pyccKoro jiHTepaTypnoro a3biKa. B hbm aapoayjaiOTca OCHOBHbie TeHACHHHH COBpeMeHHOH pCHH, OH OKa3bIBaCT CHJIbHOe BO3ACHCTBHC Ha pyccKHH jiHTeparypHbiH aabiK b hcjiom. KaK numer EM. CojiraHHK: «Ecjih panee, b XIX, nona i He JiHTepaTypnoro a3MKa accoH,HHpoBajiocb npeayie Bcero c aabiKOM xy/io>KCCTBCHHon JiHTeparypbi, to b Hanie BpeMa b KanecTBe aBTopHTeTHoro h noJiHonpaBHoro npeflCTaBHTeaa JiHTepaTypnoro a3biKa BbicTynaer ra3eTHO-ny6jiHH,HCTHnecKHH cthjib, innpe - a3biK acypnajiHCTHKH, MaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKailHH (MK). AKTyajIbHOCTb MaCCOBOH KOMMyHHKapHH

(12)

onpenejiaeTca bo mhofom rnySoKHM oSmecTBeHHbiM HHTepecoM k ee co^epacaHHio, HMeiomeMy OTHOineHHe ko bccm b ijejioM h k Kaac^oMy b OTJJCJIbHOCTH»

(CoJiraHHK 2002). M.H.

BoJIOflHHa CHHTaCT a3bIK

CMH

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(13)

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(14)

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// http: // aipe. roerich. com // russian

/ mas kult. Htm

BHHOKyp TT., 2005, roBopniąuu u cjtyuiaioinuu:eapuaHmbi peueeozo nosedeHim, Moc-

KBa.

Bojio/iHHa M.H., 2003, fl3biK

moccobou

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eKtn MKncductiunjiuHapHOZO uccjiedosaHUH, MocKBa.

Bejui /(., 1993, Fpndyuiee nocmuHÓycmpuajibHoe oGipecmso, MocKBa.

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whkob

B.B., 2009, 3cmemuKa, MocKBa.

FyMHJieB JI.H., IlaHHeHKO A.M., 1990, Hmoóbt csena He nozac.ia: ffuajioz, JleHHHrpaa.

/J,3SJiouiHHCKaa M.H., 2012, U,eHHOcmHbie npedcmasjieHun «uzpoKO6» MeduapbiHKa u ux

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