Political Preferences
Preferencje polityczne
10/2015
Redakcja naukowa: Robert Alberski Zbigniew Widera Katowice 2015Rada Naukowa:
SURI GU KDE 5RPDQ %lFNHU 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE 7DGHXV] *RGOHZVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 0LNRáDMD .RSHUQLND Z 7RUXQLX 3ROVND SURI GU KDE ,ZRQD -DNXERZVND%UDQLFND 8QLZHUV\WHW :DUV]DZVNL 3ROVND SURIGUKDE6ODYRPLU0DJiO8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE -R]HI 0DW~ã 8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ &\U\OD L 0HWRGHJR Z 7UQDZLH 6áRZDFMD SURI GU KDE /LERU 3DYHUD :\ĪV]D 6]NRáD +DQGORZD 3UDJD &]HFK\ SURI GU KDE 'DQD3HWUDQRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDE 2OJD3URNRSHQNR6XPVNL8QLZHUV\WHW1DURGRZ\8NUDLQDSURIGUKDE7HUHVD6DVLĔVND.ODV 8QLZHUV\WHW -DJLHOORĔVNL Z .UDNRZLH 3ROVND SURI GU KDE -HU]\ 6LHOVNL 8QLZHUV\WHW 6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVNDGU0DUFMDQQD$XJXVW\Q8QLZHUV\WHWZ+XOO$QJOLDSURI-DQD*DOHUD 0DW~ãRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD .ROHJLXPUHGDNF\MQH GUKDE$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDUHGDNWRUQDF]HOQD PJU0DFLHM0DUPRODVHNUHWDU] GUKDE5REHUW$OEHUVNLUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H GUKDE'DQXWD3OHFNDSURI80.UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\LGHQW\¿NDFMHSROLW\F]QH GUKDEàXNDV]7RPF]DNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\SDUWLHSROLW\F]QH GUKDE=ELJQLHZ:LGHUDSURI8(UHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\PDUNHWLQJSROLW\F]Q\ GUKDE:DOGHPDU:RMWDVLNUHGDNWRUWHPDW\F]Q\V\VWHP\SDUW\MQH PJU3U]HP\VáDZ*U]RQNDUHGDNWRUVWDW\VW\F]Q\ 3URMHNWRNáDGNL-DURVáDZ:LFKXUD :HUVMDSLHUZRWQDF]DVRSLVPDSDSLHURZD 5HFHQ]HQFL
GU KDE $JQLHV]ND .DVLĔVND0HWU\ND SURI 8-. Z .LHOFDFK 8QLZHUV\WHW LP -DQD .RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFKGUKDE0DFLHM'U]RQHN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNLGUKDE -DFHN6XU]\Q8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFKSURIGUKDE+DQD3UDYGRYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDSURIGUKDEďXGPLODýiE\RYi8QLZHUV\WHW ĞZ&\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMDGUKDE-XOLiQD0LQiULNRYi8QLZHUV\WHWĞZ &\U\ODL0HWRGHJRZ7UQDZLH6áRZDFMD &HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR Katowice 2015
:\GDZFą F]DVRSLVPD MHVW ,QVW\WXW 1DXN 3ROLW\F]Q\FK L ']LHQQLNDUVWZD 8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJRRUD]&HQWUXP,QQRZDFML7UDQVIHUX7HFKQRORJLLL5R]ZRMX)XQGDFMD8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJR 3DWURQDWQDGSURMHNWHPVSUDZXMą3ROVNLH7RZDU]\VWZR1DXN3ROLW\F]Q\FKRUD]7RZDU]\VWZR ,QLFMDW\Z1DXNRZ\FK ISSN: 2083-327X 'UXN5(0$5ZZZUHPDUVRVQRZLHFSOHPDLOZ\GDZQLFWZR#UHPDUVRVQRZLHFSO
63,675(ģ&,
:VWĊS ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
3ROVNLZ\ERUFDZSHUVSHNW\ZLHPRGHOXJáRVRZDQLDUHWURVSHNW\ZQHJR ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLĔVNL3ROVND :\ERUF\SROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZREHFSUREOHPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND &]\QQLNJRVSRGDUF]\MDNRSUHG\NWRU]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FK ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLZHUV\WHW:DUPLĔVNR0D]XUVNL Z2OV]W\QLH3ROVND 3DUW\F\SDFMDSROLW\F]QDZ3ROVFH ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLZHUV\WHW:URFáDZVNL3ROVND
Danuta Plecka 8QLZHUV\WHW0LNRáDMD.RSHUQLNDZ7RUXQLX3ROVND
2E\ZDWHOVNLHNRPSHWHQFMHSROLW\F]QHDZ\EUDQHPRW\Z\SRGHMPRZDQLD GHF\]MLZ\ERUF]\FK ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ8QLZHUV\WHW$GDPD0LFNLHZLF]DZ3R]QDQLX3ROVND
*áRVRZDQLHHOHNWURQLF]QHMDNRDOWHUQDW\ZQDPHWRGDXF]HVWQLF]HQLD
ZZ\ERUDFKRSLQLH3RODNyZ ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND
6SRáHF]QHSRVWU]HJDQLHLQVW\WXFMLrecall i weta ludowego w warunkach
polskich ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND.DWROLFNL8QLZHUV\WHW/XEHOVNL-DQD3DZáD,,3ROVND
3RSDUFLHNDQG\GDWDSU]H]OLGHUDSDUWLLDGHF\]MHZ\ERUFyZ
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLZHUV\WHWĝOąVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK3ROVND 5HNODPDQHJDW\ZQDLZL]HUXQNRZDZRGELRU]HSROVNLHJRHOHNWRUDWX ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N8QLZHUV\WHW:DUV]DZVNL3ROVND 6LáDFHOHEU\WyZZNDPSDQLLZ\ERUF]HM ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN8QLZHUV\WHW-DQD.RFKDQRZVNLHJRZ.LHOFDFK3ROVND 'HPRNUDFMDORNDOQDDLGHDRJUDQLF]HQLDOLF]E\NDGHQFMLZyMWyZEXUPLVWU]yZ SUH]\GHQWyZPLDVW ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLZHUV\WHW5]HV]RZVNL3ROVND :\EyURSFMLF]\RVRE\"'HWHUPLQDQW\]DFKRZDĔZ\ERUF]\FKPLHV]NDĔFyZ ZRMHZyG]WZDSRGNDUSDFNLHJRZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR ZUZĞZLHWOHEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FK ... 177 Summaries ... 195
,QWURGXFWLRQ ... 7 Waldemar Wojtasik 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
3ROLVKYRWHULQWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIUHWURVSHFWLYHYRWLQJPRGHO ... 9 àXNDV]7RPF]DN6]F]HFLQ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 3ROLVKSROLWLFDOSDUWLHVYRWHUVDQGVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQSUREOHP ... 23 $JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZD8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG (FRQRPLFIDFWRUDVDSUHGLFWRURIYRWLQJEHKDYLRXU ... 37 .DUROLQD7\EXFKRZVND+DUWOLĔVND8QLYHUVLW\RI:DUPLDDQG0D]XU\LQ 2OV]W\Q3RODQG 3ROLWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQ3RODQG ... 51 5REHUW$OEHUVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI:URFáDZ3RODQG
Danuta Plecka 1LFRODXV&RSHUQLFXV8QLYHUVLW\LQ7RUXĔ3RODQG &LYLOSROLWLFDOFRPSHWHQF\DQGFKRVHQUHDVRQVZKHQWDNLQJ
electoral decisions ... 71 0DJGDOHQD0XVLDá.DUJ$GDP0LFNLHZLF]8QLYHUVLW\LQ3R]QDĔ3RODQG
(OHFWURQLFYRWLQJDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHPHWKRGRISDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHHOHFWLRQV± RSLQLRQVRI3ROHV ... 87 Maciej Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG
7KHVRFLDOUHFHSWLRQRIUHFDOODQGSHRSOH¶VYHWRDPRQJ3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 109 $JQLHV]NDàXNDVLN7XUHFND7KH-RKQ3DXO,,&DWKROLF8QLYHUVLW\RI/XEOLQ 3RODQG
Support the candidate by the party leader and the decisions of voters.
(OHFWRUDOVWXG\ ... 121
Agata Olszanecka-Marmola 8QLYHUVLW\RI6LOHVLDLQ.DWRZLFH3RODQG 1HJDWLYHDQGYLVXDODGYHUWLVLQJLQWKHUHFHSWLRQRI3ROLVKHOHFWRUDWH ... 133 7RPDV]2OF]\N:DUVDZ8QLYHUVLW\3RODQG 7KHVWUHQJWKRIFHOHEULWLHVLQWKHHOHFWLRQFDPSDLJQ ... 147 -DQLQD.RZDOLN7KH-DQ.RFKDQRZVNL8QLYHUVLW\LQ.LHOFH3RODQG /RFDOGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHLGHDRIWHUPOLPLWVYRLWVPD\RUV ... 159 'RPLQLN6]F]HSDĔVNL8QLYHUVLW\RI5]HV]yZ3RODQG 6HOHFWLQJWKHSHUVRQ"'HWHUPLQDQWVRIYRWLQJEHKDYLRULQKDELWDQWVRIWKH 6XEFDUSDWKLDQ9RLYRGHVKLSLQHOHFWLRQVWRWKH(XURSHDQ3DUOLDPHQWLQ in the light of empirical research ... 177 Summaries ... 195
Ä3ROLWLFDO3UHIHUHQFHV´1R '2,P¿JVKDUH
âXNDV]7RPF]DN
8QLZHUV\WHW6]F]HFLęVNL3ROVND:<%25&<32/6.,&+3$57,,32/,7<&=1<&+
:2%(&352%/(0852=:$567:,(1,$
632â(&=1(*2
Abstract:
Article refers to the ratio of the party and their constituents facing the SUREOHPV RI VRFLDO VWUDWL¿FDWLRQ7KH DQDO\VLV XQGHUZHQW YRWHUV RI HOHFWLRQV WR WKH (XURSHDQ 3DUOLDPHQW DQG HOHFWLRQ WR WKH ORFDO JRYHUQPHQWV 7KHUH ZHUH FRQVLGHUHG ¿YH 3ROLVK SDUWLHV 3ODWIRUPD 2E\ZDWHOVND 3UDZR L 6SUDZLHGOLZRĞü 6RMXV] /HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM 3ROVNLH 6WURQQLFWZR /XGRZH 1RZD 3UDZLFD RI -DQXV] .RUZLQ0LNNH 7KH UHVSRQGHQWV¶ SUHIHU7KH UHVSRQGHQWV¶ SUHIHU HQFHVZHUHDOVRH[DPLQHGLQWKHUHODWLRQWRWKHSODFHRQWKHSROLWLFDOVFHQH GHFODUHGE\WKHPDQGGH¿QLQJDFFRUGLQJO\DVOHIWZLQJULJKWZLQJDQGFHQWUH ,WZDVTXHVWLRQHGZKHWKHUGL൵HUHQFHVLQLQFRPHEHWZHHQULFKDQGSRRU LQ3RODQGDUHWRRODUJHDQGZKHWKHUWKHVWDWHVKRXOGVHHNWRUHGXFHLQFRPH LQHTXDOLWLHVRIFLWL]HQV )RUWKHYRWHUVRIPRVWRIWKHSDUWLHVLQFRPHGL൵HUHQFHVZHUHWRRKLJK 7KHYRWHUPDMRULW\DOVREHOLHYHGWKDWWKHVWDWHZDVWRUHGXFHWKHGL൵HUHQFHV 7KHPDMRULW\RIRSSRQHQWVRIWKHVWDWHLQYROYHPHQWZDVRQO\LQWKHJURXSRI YRWHUVRI1RZD3UDZLFD7KHYLHZVRIYRWHUVVOLJKWO\GL൵HUHGLQWKHFRQWH[WRI left and right division.
Key words:
SROLVKSDUW\V\VWHPVRFLDOVWUDWL¿FDWLRQOHIWDQGULJKWWprowadzenie
6WRVXQHNGRSUREOHPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLDGRFKRGyZMHVWMHGQ\P]WUDG\ F\MQLHRNUHĞODMąF\FKSRG]LDáQDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊ2SWXMąFD]DMDNQDMZLĊNV]ą UyZQRĞFLąOHZLFDXZDĪDĪHQDOHĪ\GąĪ\üGR]PQLHMV]HQLDUyĪQLFZGRFKRGDFK SRSLHUDMąFDNW\ZQąUROĊSDĔVWZDZW\PSURFHVLH=NROHL]ZROHQQLF\SUDZLF\ XZDĪDMąĪHUyĪQLFHVąU]HF]ąQDWXUDOQą1LHVąWDNĪH]ZROHQQLNDPLDNW\ZQHMBƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ
UROLSDĔVWZDZJRVSRGDUFH=UHJXá\IRUPDFMHOHZLFRZHSRSLHUDMąSURJUHV\ZQ\ V\VWHP SRGDWNRZ\ Z\PDJDMąF\ ZLĊNV]\FK REFLąĪHĔ RG ©JUXS ]DPRĪQ\FK Z LPLĊ SROLW\NL ]PQLHMV]DQLD QLHUyZQRĞFLª >:RMWDVLN @ = NROHL XJUXSRZDQLD ORNXMąFH VLĊ QD SUDZLF\ F]ĊĞFLHM SRGHMPXMą NZHVWLH REQLĪHQLD SRGDWNyZZW\PGODOHSLHM]DUDELDMąF\FKRJUDQLF]HQLDZ\GDWNyZLUHG\VWU\ EXFMLGRFKRGyZ3RG]LDáWHQZLąĪHVLĊ]SRGVWDZRZąUyĪQLFąPLĊG]\OHZLFą a prawicąVWRVXQNLHPGRLGHLUyZQRĞFLF]\OLMDNVWZLHUG]Lá1RUEHUWR%REELR OHZLFDMHVW©EDUG]LHMHJDOLWDUQDªDSUDZLFD©EDUG]LHMDQW\HJDOLWDUQDª>%REELR @ /HZLFD MHVW VNáRQQD GR ]PQLHMV]DQLD QLHUyZQRĞFL SRGF]DV JG\ prawica do ich akceptowania.
$UW\NXá GRW\F]\ VWRVXQNX Z\ERUFyZ GR SUREOHPX UR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR : EDGDQLDFK Z]LĊWR SRG XZDJĊ Z\ERUFyZ SLĊFLX SROVNLFK SDUWLL 3ODWIRUP\ 2E\ZDWHOVNLHM 53 32 3UDZD L 6SUDZLHGOLZRĞFL 3L6 6RMXV]X /HZLF\ 'HPRNUDW\F]QHM 6/' 3ROVNLHJR 6WURQQLFWZD /XGRZHJR 36/L1RZHM3UDZLF\-DQXV]D.RUZLQ0LNNH13=EDGDQRWDNĪHUR]NáDG SRJOąGyZ Z RGQLHVLHQLX GR GHNODURZDQHJR SU]H] UHVSRQGHQWyZ PLHMVFD QD VFHQLHSROLW\F]QHMZSRG]LDOHQDSUDZLFĊOHZLFĊLFHQWUXP
:EDGDQLDFKXND]XMąF\FKDNWXDOQRĞüSRG]LDáXOHZLFDSUDZLFDF]ĊVWR SU]\WDF]DQH Vą XVWDOHQLD $UHQGD /LMSKDUWD NWyU\ EDGDMąF G]LDáDQLH U]ąGyZ Z SDĔVWZDFK GHPRNUDW\F]Q\FK ZVND]Dá QD UyĪQLFH PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL Z G]LD áDQLDFK GRW\F]ąF\FK QLHUyZQRĞFL GRFKRGyZ -HGQ\P ] NU\WHULyZ SRG]LDáX ZZ\PLDU]HOHZLFD±SUDZLFDE\áRSRSLHUDQLHOXEQLHUHG\VWU\EXFMLGRFKRGyZ RG ERJDW\FK GR ELHGQ\FK >:RMWDVLN :RMWDVLN 6]DZLHO E@5]ąG\SUDZLFRZHRJUDQLF]Dá\U\QHNU]ąG\]XG]LDáHPOHZLF\ Z\NRU]\VW\ZDá\F]ĊĞFLHMSDĔVWZRMDNRQDU]ĊG]LHUHG\VWU\EXFML 7DGHXV]6]DZLHOXZDĪDĪHSRG]LDáQDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊNV]WDáWRZDáVLĊ Z3ROVFHZRSDUFLXRWDNLHNU\WHULDMDNVWRVXQHNGRSU]HV]áRĞFLSUREOHPyZ DNWXDOQ\FKLZDUWRĞFL]ZáDV]F]DUHOLJLLLXG]LDáXNRĞFLRáDZĪ\FLXSXEOLF]Q\P >6]DZLHO@:ODWDFKG]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FKSR]LRP]DPRĪQRĞFL F]\UyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKQLHRNUHĞODá\GHNODURZDQHMSU]\QDOHĪQRĞFLGROHZLF\ LSUDZLF\>6]DZLHOD@3RGREQLH$JQLHV]ND7XUVND.DZDL:DOGHPDU :RMWDVLN Z\ND]DOL QLHLVWRWQRĞü ZSá\ZX VWDWXVX PDWHULDOQHJR QD SRG]LDá\ Z\ERUFyZQDRVLOHZLFD±SUDZLFD>7XUVND.DZD:RMWDVLN@ :DĪQ\E\áQDWRPLDVWZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZSRG]LDáZVIHU]HDNVMRORJLL0LĊG]\ LQQ\PL 'DQXWD 3OHFND ZVND]XMH QD NRUHODFMH PLĊG]\ SRG]LDáHP QD OHZLFĊ LSUDZLFĊDSRJOąGDPL]ZLą]DQ\PL]HVSRUHPOHZLFD±.RĞFLyáMDNDERUFMD HXWDQD]MD F]\ OHJDOL]DFMD ]ZLą]NyZ RVyE WHM VDPHM SáFL >.DUQRZVND @
tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ
%DGDQLD SRND]XMą ĪH Z\ERUF\ SRVWU]HJDMą SRG]LDá\ SROLW\F]QH QD RVL OHZLFDLSUDZLFDDOHQLH]DZV]HVDPRLGHQW\¿NDFMDZ\ERUFyZ]JDG]DVLĊ]ZDUWR ĞFLDPLSU]\SLV\ZDQ\PLRNUHĞORQHMRSFML>*RGOHZVNL@1LH]DZV]H ZSROVNLFKZDUXQNDFKSUDZLFRZRĞüF]\OHZLFRZRĞüGHNODURZDQDSU]H]SDUWLH ZVHQVLHHNRQRPLF]Q\PáąF]\áDVLĊ]SUDZLFRZRĞFLąLOHZLFRZRĞFLąZVHQVLH ĞZLDWRSRJOąGRZ\P>=DU\FNL@-DN]DXZDĪD:RMFLHFK6RNyáFKĊüSR]\ VNLZDQLD Z\ERUFyZ ] UyĪQ\FK ĞURGRZLVN SRZRGXMH QLHVSyMQRĞü SURJUDPRZą ZSDUWLDFKDEDUG]LHMQLĪNZHVWLHSURJUDPRZHRPLHMVFXQDOHZHMF]\SUDZHM VWURQLHGHF\GRZDáDVDPRLGHQW\¿NDFMD>6RNyá@-HGQDNEDGDQLDSU]H SURZDG]RQHSU]H]0DwWp/HUR\QDGG]LDáDF]DPLSROVNLFKSDUWLLZVND]Dá\UyĪQLFH PLĊG]\F]áRQNDPL32L6/'']LDáDF]HOHZLF\ZZLĊNV]RĞFLRSRZLDGDOL VLĊ ]D G]LDáDQLDPL ]PQLHMV]DMąF\PL UyĪQLFH Z ]DURENDFK RE\ZDWHOL SRGF]DV JG\G]LDáDF]H32ZZLĊNV]RĞFLE\OLWHPXSU]HFLZQL>/HUR\@
0RĪQD]DXZDĪ\üZSU]HSURZDG]DQ\FKSU]H]UyĪQHRĞURGNLEDGDQLDFK GRPLQDFMĊ QLHNWyU\FK FKDUDNWHU\VW\F]Q\FK FHFK GOD SRJOąGyZ OHZLFRZ\FK Z Z\PLDU]H VSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]Q\P PLĊG]\ LQQ\PL UR]ZDUVWZLHQLD VSRáHF]QHJR:HGáXJEDGDĔ&%26]URNXGOD]GHF\GRZDQHMZLĊNV]RĞFL EDGDQ\FKRFKURQDSU]HG]E\WGXĪ\PUR]ZDUVWZLHQLHPVSRáHF]Q\PE\áD ZDĪQLHMV]DQLĪLQG\ZLGXDOQHERJDFHQLHVLĊ-HG\QLHSU]\NáDGDáRZLĊNV]ą ZDJĊGRV]\ENLHJRERJDFHQLDVLĊQLĪGRUyZQRĞFL>%6@1DVNDOLRG GR]DGDQRS\WDQLDF]\EDGDQ\ZRODáE\DE\Z3ROVFHZV]\VF\ERJD FLOLE\ VLĊ V]\ENR DOH MHGQL EDUG]LHM D LQQL ]QDF]QLH PQLHM ZV]\VWNLP SRSUDZLDáRE\VLĊSRZROLOHF]ZSRGREQ\PVWRSQLX:EDGDQLXW\PRSFMĊÄ´ F]\OLSRJOąG]GHF\GRZDQLHDNFHSWXMąF\UR]ZDUVWZLHQLHGRFKRGRZHZVND]DáR RNRáRSRGF]DVJG\PDNV\PDOQąÄ´]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]HFLZQ\FKUR]ZDU VWZLHQLXZ\EUDáREDGDQ\FK:EDGDQLDFK7RPDV]D*RGOHZVNLHJR] URNX RNRáR GZyFK WU]HFLFK EDGDQ\FK XWRĪVDPLDáR VLĊ OHZLFRZ\PL SRJOąGDPLQDWHPDWV\VWHPXSRGDWNRZHJR>*RGOHZVNL@1DVWĊSRZDá SU]\W\PV\VWHPDW\F]Q\Z]URVWDNFHSWDFMLGODV\VWHPXSURJUHV\ZQHJR=W\FK VDP\FK EDGDĔ Z\QLND ĪH RNRáR 3RODNyZ LGHQW\¿NXMH VLĊ ] SRJOąGHP R SRWU]HELH XSDĔVWZRZLHQLD QDMZDĪQLHMV]\FK VHNWRUyZ JRVSRGDUNL JG\ SU]HFLZQH]GDQLHZ\UD]LáRRNRáR>7DPĪH@
:EDGDQLDFKQDGUR]ZDUVWZLHQLHPGRFKRGyZVWRVXMHVLĊZVSyáF]\QQLN VWZRU]RQ\SU]H]ZáRVNLHJRVWDW\VW\ND&RUUDGR*LQLHJRQD]\ZDQ\WDNĪHZVNDĨ QLNLHPQLHUyZQRĞFLVSRáHF]Q\FK6NDODZVSyáF]\QQLND*LQLHJRZDKDVLĊZSU]H G]LDOHRGGRSURFHQW:SU]\SDGNXJG\ZDUWRĞFLZ\QRVLGRFKRG\ ZV]\VWNLFK EDGDQ\FK Vą WDNLH VDPH PDNV\PDOQD ZDUWRĞü R]QDF]D ĪH ZV]\VWNLH GRFKRG\ RVLąJD MHGQD MHGQRVWND F]\ JRVSRGDUVWZR GRPRZH =DWHPLPZ\ĪV]\ZVNDĨQLNZVSyáF]\QQLNDW\PQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKVą ZLĊNV]H : 3ROVFH ZDUWRĞü ZVSyáF]\QQLND *LQLHJR ]PQLHMV]\áD VLĊ Z ODWDFK
BƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ ]SR]LRPXGR>*86@-HGQRF]HĞQLHZW\PVDP\P RNUHVLH]DREVHUZRZDQR]PQLHMV]HQLHVLĊXG]LDáXGRFKRGXJUXS\RVyEQDM]DPRĪ QLHMV]\FKZGRFKRG]LHFDáHMSRSXODFMLRSXQNWXSURFHQWRZHJRGRSR]LRPX DXG]LDáGRFKRGXQDMPQLHM]DPRĪQHMJUXS\Z]UyVá]GR>7DPĪH@ -HGQDNGDQH*áyZQHJR8U]ĊGX6WDW\VW\F]QHJRGRW\F]ąFHEDGDQLDVSyMQRĞFL VSRáHF]QHMSRWZLHUG]DMąWHĪĪHELHGDGRFKRGRZDZ3ROVFHGRW\F]\RNRáR PLHV]NDĔFyZZVLLRNRáRPLDVW1DMQLĪV]\SR]LRPXEyVWZDGRFKRGRZHJR ]DREVHUZRZDQRZQDMZLĊNV]\FKRĞURGNDFKPLHMVNLFK>*86@
$QDOL]DZ\QLNyZ
:EDGDQLDFK]DGDQRGZDS\WDQLDUyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKPLĊG]\ERJDW\PL LELHGQ\PLVąZ3ROVFH]E\WGXĪHRUD]F]\SDĔVWZRSRZLQQRGąĪ\üGR]PQLHM V]DQLD QLHUyZQRĞFL Z GRFKRGDFK RE\ZDWHOL :LĊNV]RĞü EDGDQ\FK Z\ERUFyZ SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZ\SRZLDGDVLĊWZLHUG]ąFRQDS\WDQLHR]E\W GXĪH UyĪQLFH Z GRFKRGDFK Z 3ROVFH 'RW\F]\ WR ]DUyZQR XJUXSRZDĔ NWyUH VZRMHPLHMVFHXPLHV]F]DMąQDOHZHMMDNLQDSUDZHMVWURQLHVFHQ\SROLW\F]QHM 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH´5yĪQLFH ZGRFKRGDFKPLĊG]\ERJDW\PLDELHGQ\PLVąZ3ROVFH]E\WGXĪH´ ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR w 2014 roku Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD LORĞü 1 9 11 32 59 32 LORĞü 2 11 43 50 100 36/ LORĞü 1 1 2 21 21 3L6 LORĞü 2 2 12 44 100 6/'83 LORĞü 0 3 29 54 ,QQD LORĞü 3 5 5 17 29 59 Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP LORĞü 2 4 70 171 283tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ :SU]\SDGNXDQDOL]\Z\ERUFyZ]Z\ERUyZGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR MHG\QLHZ\ERUF\1RZHM3UDZLF\ZSHZLHQVSRVyEZ\ND]XMąRGPLHQQHSRJOąG\ -HGQDN L Z WHM JUXSLH ]GHF\GRZDQD ZLĊNV]RĞü RNRáR VWZLHUG]D ĪHUR]ZDUVWZLHQLHGRFKRGyZMHVWZ3ROVFH]E\WGXĪH-HGQDNSU]\W\PRNRáR PD]GDQLHSU]HFLZQHFKRüMHG\QLHRNRáR]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]HFLZQH :WHMJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZ]QDF]QDLFKF]ĊĞüRNRáRPDZąWSOLZRĞFLFRGR RNUHĞOHQLDZ\UDĨQLH]DOXESU]HFLZ:\ERUF\32VąZSRGREQ\PSURFHQFLH FR1RZHM3UDZLF\]GDQLDĪHUyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKVą]E\WGXĪHPQLHMERRNRáR ]QLFKMHVWSU]HFLZQHJR]GDQLDDOHDĪF]\OLFRSLąWHPXZ\ERUF\WHM SDUWLLWUXGQRZ\EUDüRGSRZLHGĨQDWDNOXEQLH,QWHUHVXMąFHMHVWWRĪHQDMEDUG]LHM ]GHF\GRZDQHSRJOąG\ZWHMNZHVWLLZ\ND]\ZDOLJáRVXMąF\ZHXURZ\ERUDFKQD 36/L3L6:SU]\SDGNXOXGRZFyZDĪRNRáREDGDQ\FKZ\ERUFyZWHM SDUWLLX]QDáRĪHUyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKZ3ROVFHVą]E\WGXĪHZSU]\SDGNX3L6 E\áRWRRNRáR=DOHGZLHRNRáRZ\ERUFyZ36/LZ\ERUFyZ 3L6 E\áR SU]HFLZQHJR ]GDQLD -HGQDN Z SU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZ 36/ ]DVWDQD ZLDMąFHMHVWWHĪWRĪHZWHMJUXSLHQDMZLĊNV]HSRSDUFLHZSRUyZQDQLX]LQQ\PL SDUWLDPLPDSRJOąGR]E\WZ\VRNLPUR]ZDUVWZLHQLXGRFKRGyZDOHWDNĪHZW\P SU]\SDGNX QDMZLĊNV]\ RGVHWHN EDGDQ\FK RNRáR VWZLHUG]LáR Z VSRVyE ]GHF\GRZDQ\ĪHWDNQLHMHVW
:ĞUyG]ZROHQQLNyZ6/'83]Z\ERUyZGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR QLH RGQRWRZDQR Z\SRZLHG]L ]GHF\GRZDQLH ]DSU]HF]DMąF\FK LĪ UyĪQLFH ZGRFKRGDFKZ3ROVFHVą]E\WGXĪHFKRüRNRáREDGDQ\FKZ\EUDáRRSFMĊ ©UDF]HM QLHª : JURQLH Z\ERUFyZ WHM SDUWLL GRPLQXMą ]GHF\GRZDQLH RVRE\ X]QDMąFHUR]ZDUVWZLHQLHZGRFKRGDFK]D]E\WGXĪHZVXPLHRNRáR FKRüQLHZWDNLPVWRSQLXMDNZSU]\SDGNX36/L3L6 ,QWHUHVXMąFHMHVWUyZQLHĪWRĪHMHĪHOLZSU]\SDGNX1RZHM3UDZLF\JUXSD Z\ERUFyZQLHX]QDMąFDUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD]D]E\WGXĪHE\áDQDMZLĊNV]DVSRĞUyG EDGDQ\FKSDUWLLWRWDNĪHJUXSDEDGDQ\FKNWyU]\]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]\]QDOLUDFMĊ LĪUyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKVą]E\WGXĪHE\áD]QDF]QDERVWDQRZLąFDSRQDGSRáRZĊ RNRáR D QDMZLĊFHM ]GHF\GRZDQ\FK ]ZROHQQLNyZ VáXV]QRĞFL WDNLHJR VWZLHUG]HQLDRNRáR]QDOD]áRVLĊZĞUyGZ\ERUFyZ3L6:W\FKGZyFK IRUPDFMDFKZ\UDĨQLHRGZRáXMąF\FKVLĊGRSUDZLFRZ\FKZDUWRĞFLSURFHQW]GHF\ GRZDQ\FK ]ZROHQQLNyZ VWZLHUG]HQLD ĪH UR]ZDUVWZLHQLH GRFKRGyZ Z 3ROVFH MHVW]E\WGXĪHMHVWZLĊNV]\QLĪZRGZRáXMąF\PVLĊGROHZLFRZ\FKZDUWRĞFL6/'
:\QLNL EDGDĔ ZVND]XMą QD ]QDF]Qą JUXSĊ RNRáR EDGDQ\FK ZĞUyGJáRVXMąF\FKQDLQQąSDUWLĊQLĪSLĊüZ\PLHQLRQ\FKNWyU]\QLH]JDG]DMą VLĊ]WZLHUG]HQLHPR]E\WGXĪHMUR]SLĊWRĞFLGRFKRGyZ
:SU]\SDGNXRGSRZLHG]LQDWRVDPRS\WDQLHJáRVXMąF\FKZZ\ERUDFK GRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZUyĪQLFHZUR]NáDG]LHRGSRZLHG]LVąSRGREQH7DNMDN SRSU]HGQLR QDMZLĊFHM ]ZROHQQLNyZ VWZLHUG]HQLD ĪH UyĪQLFH Z GRFKRGDFK
BƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ
Vą]E\WGXĪH]QDOD]áRVLĊZ3L6RNRáRL36/RNRáR]DĞQDMPQLHM Z 32 RNRáR L 1RZHM 3UDZLF\ : SU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZ 6/'MHVWWROLF]EDUyZQLHĪEDUG]RZ\VRNDRNRáR7DNMDNZSU]\SDGNX SRSU]HGQLFKZ\ERUyZZJUXSLHEDGDQ\FKJáRVXMąF\FKQD6/'QLHRGQRWRZDQR RVyEDNFHSWXMąF\FKZVSRVyE]GHF\GRZDQ\REHFQHJRSR]LRPXUR]ZDUVWZLHQLD GRFKRGyZ 3RGREQLH QDMZLĊNV]ą JUXSĊ Z VZRLFK HOHNWRUDWDFK Z\ERUFyZ ]GHF\GRZDQLHSU]\FK\ODMąF\FKVLĊGRVWZLHUG]HQLDR]E\WZ\VRNLHMUR]SLĊWRĞFL GRFKRGyZRGQRWRZDQRZ1RZHM3UDZLF\L3L6:SU]\SDGNX JáRVXMąF\FKQDNRPLWHW\ORNDOQHUHJLRQDOQHRNRáRX]QDZDáRĪHUyĪQLFH ZGRFKRGDFKVą]E\WGXĪHDRNRáRE\áRSU]HFLZQHJR]GDQLD
1DMZLĊNV]\ RGVHWHN Z\ERUFyZ NWyU\P WUXGQR E\áR ]DMąü Z WHM NZHVWLLMHGQR]QDF]QHVWDQRZLVNR]DREVHUZRZDQRZ32LZ1RZHM 3UDZLF\ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä5yĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKPLĊG]\ERJDW\PLDELHGQ\PLVąZ3ROVFH]E\WGXĪH´ ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZ w 2014 roku Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD LORĞü 1 4 5 4 23 37 32 LORĞü 4 11 40 45 93 193 36/ LORĞü 0 1 8 27 50 3L6 LORĞü 1 4 12 49 101 SLD LORĞü 0 3 17 34 Komitet lokalny UHJLRQDOQ\ LORĞü 2 1 23 43 75 ,QQD LORĞü 1 1 3 23 34 Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP LORĞü 1 7 127 232 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 1 1 3 12 29
tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLH Ä5yĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFKPLĊG]\ERJDW\PLDELHGQ\PLVąZ3ROVFH]E\WGXĪH´ ZNRQWHNĞFLHGHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP Lewica LORĞü 0 9 22 45 107 183 &HQWUXP LORĞü 2 31 79 3UDZLFD LORĞü 7 14 39 84 195 339 1LHZLHPQLH SRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü LORĞü 2 4 27 142 244
: SU]\SDGNX SRG]LDáX QD Z\ERUFyZ XPLHV]F]DMąF\FK VLĊ Z SRG]LDOH QDOHZLFĊSUDZLFĊLFHQWUXPUyĪQLFHZRFHQLHZLHONRĞFLUR]SLĊWRĞFLGRFKRGyZ Z3ROVFHVąQLH]QDF]QH:JUXSLHZ\ERUFyZOHZLFRZ\FKRNRáRX]QDáR UR]SLĊWRĞFLZGRFKRGDFK]D]E\WGXĪHDRNRáRE\áRSU]HFLZQHJR]GDQLD =NROHLZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZ]DOLF]DMąF\FKVLĊGRSUDZLF\RNRáRX]QDáR UyĪQLFH Z GRFKRGDFK ]D ]E\W GXĪH D SU]HFLZQHJR ]GDQLD E\áR =DWHP VWRVXQHNGRUR]SLĊWRĞFLGRFKRGyZQLHUyĪQLZ\ERUFyZSUDZLF\LOHZLF\0QLHMV]\ RGVHWHNZ\ERUFyZRNRáRX]QDMąF\FK]D]E\WGXĪąUR]SLĊWRĞüGRFKRGyZ RGQRWRZDQRZJUXSLHW\FKNWyU]\RNUHĞOLOLVZRMHSRJOąG\MDNRFHQWURZH =QDF]QDZLĊNV]RĞüZ\ERUFyZWDNSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKMDNLZSU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZVDPRU]ąGRZ\FKNRPLWHWyZORNDOQ\FK]JDG]DVLĊ]HVWZLHUG]HQLHP ĪHZ3ROVFHZ\VWĊSXMą]E\WGXĪHUyĪQLFHZGRFKRGDFK=GDQLHWDNLHZ\UDĪDMą ]DUyZQR]ZROHQQLF\OHZLF\MDNLSUDZLF\ 'UXJLHS\WDQLHMDNLHSRVWDZLRQREDGDQ\PGRW\F]\áRWHJRF]\SDĔVWZR SRZLQQRGąĪ\üGR]PQLHMV]HQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOL-HĪHOL]RGSR ZLHG]LQDSLHUZV]HS\WDQLHPRĪQDZ\ZQLRVNRZDüLĪZ\ERUF\XZDĪDMąĪHQLHUyZLĪZ\ERUF\XZDĪDMąĪHQLHUyZXZDĪDMąĪHQLHUyZ QRĞFLVą]E\WGXĪHWRF]\X]QDMąĪHWRZáDG]DSRZLQQDG]LDáDüQDU]HF]]PLDQ\ WHJR LFK ]GDQLHP QHJDW\ZQHJR ]MDZLVND F]\ WHĪ QLH 7HRUHW\F]QLH Z\ERUF\ R SRJOąGDFK SUDZLFRZ\FK SRZLQQL E\ü PQLHM VNáRQQL GR DNFHSWDFML DNW\ZQHM UROLSDĔVWZDQLĪZ\ERUF\OHZLFRZL3RGREQLHSRZLQQLUyĪQLüVLĊZ\ERUF\SDUWLL XPLHV]F]DMąF\FKVLĊQDOHZHMOXESUDZHMVWURQLHVFHQ\SROLW\F]QHM :SU]\SDGNXVWRVXQNXGRDNW\ZQHJRG]LDáDQLDSDĔVWZDQDU]HF]QLZHOR ZDQLDG\VSURSRUFMLZGRFKRGDFKPRĪQD]DXZDĪ\üZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFK SDUW\MQ\FKSHZQHQLHZLHONLHUyĪQLFH-HGQDNEDGDQLDZ\ND]Dá\ĪHZLĊNV]RĞü Z\ERUFyZJáyZQ\FKSROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKRSRZLDGDáDVLĊ]DDNW\ZQRĞFLą SDĔVWZDZG]LDáDQLDFKQDU]HF]]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFK
BƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ3DĔVWZR SRZLQQRGąĪ\üGR]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOL´ ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR w 2014 roku Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD LORĞü 12 9 12 7 19 59 32 LORĞü 19 35 54 92 36/ LORĞü 0 1 2 20 23 3L6 LORĞü 2 4 12 37 105 6/'83 LORĞü 0 3 4 19 28 54 ,QQD LORĞü 2 5 15 31 59 Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP LORĞü 8 8 35 70 283 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 0 2 39
-HG\Qą IRUPDFMą NWyUHM Z\ERUF\ Z ]QDF]QHM F]ĊĞFL RSRZLHG]LHOL VLĊ SU]HFLZNRDNW\ZQ\PG]LDáDQLRPSDĔVWZDQDU]HF]]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFL ZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOLE\áD1RZD3UDZLFD:SU]\SDGNXRVyENWyUHGHNOD URZDá\JáRVRZDQLHZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJRZ\ERUF\1RZHM 3UDZLF\ Z RNRáR Z\SRZLHG]LHOL VLĊ SU]HFLZNR G]LDáDQLRP SDĔVWZD ZW\PZ]JOĊG]LH/HF]MHGQRF]HĞQLHRNRáRRSRZLHG]LDáRVLĊ]D=QDF]QD OLF]EDQDMZLĊNV]DZSRUyZQDQLX]HOHNWRUDWDPLLQQ\FKIRUPDFMLRNRáR QLH PLDáD ]GDQLD QD WHQ WHPDW: SU]\SDGNX HOHNWRUDWX 32 WR RNRáR SRSDUáRLQWHUZHQFMĊSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLXQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKDRNRáR E\áR WHPX SU]HFLZQH 7R V\WXXMH WHQ VHJPHQW HOHNWRUDWX QD GUXJLP PLHMVFXSRZ\ERUFDFK1RZHM3UDZLF\SRGZ]JOĊGHPQLHFKĊFLGR]DDQJDĪR ZDQLD SDĔVWZD 1LHPQLHM ]GHF\GRZDQD ZLĊNV]RĞü ]ZROHQQLNyZ 3ODWIRUP\ popieraáD G]LDáDQLD SDĔVWZD QD U]HF] ]PQLHMV]DQLD QLHUyZQRĞFL 1DMEDUG]LHM ]GHF\GRZDQLDSU]\W\PQDMEDUG]LHMSU]\FK\OQLDNW\ZQRĞFLSDĔVWZDZW\P REV]DU]H RND]DOL VLĊ Z\ERUF\ 36/ =ZROHQQLF\ OXGRZFyZ Z RNRáR ]JRG]LOLVLĊ]HVWZLHUG]HQLHPĪHSDĔVWZRSRZLQQRG]LDáDüQDU]HF]]PQLHM
tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ
©WUXGQRSRZLHG]LHüªZ\EUDáDWHĪQDMPQLHMV]DZSRUyZQDQLX]LQQ\PLIRUPD FMDPL F]ĊĞü Z\ERUFyZ 36/ =GHF\GRZDQLH SU]HZDĪDáD ZĞUyG HOHNWRUDWX 3L6 L 6/' Z Z\ERUDFK GR 3DUODPHQWX (XURSHMVNLHJR JUXSD ]ZROHQQLNyZ DNW\ZQHJRG]LDáDQLDSDĔVWZDQDU]HF]]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFK :SU]\SDGNXRGZRáXMąFHJRVLĊGROHZLFRZ\FKZDUWRĞFLVRMXV]XMHVWWR]UR]X PLDáH7DN Z\VRND OLF]ED JáRVyZ Z SU]\SDGNX 3L6 SRWZLHUG]D LĪ Z\ERUF\ WHM SDUWLL SRVLDGDMą Z W\FK NZHVWLDFK SRJOąG\ ORNXMąFH LFK EOLĪHM OHZHM QLĪ SUDZHM VWURQ\ VFHQ\ SROLW\F]QHM Z RGUyĪQLHQLX RG LQQ\FK VSUDZ QS ĞZLD Z RGUyĪQLHQLX RG LQQ\FK VSUDZ QS ĞZLD WRSRJOąGRZ\FK ,QWHUHVXMąF\ MHVW GRĞü GXĪ\ ER OLF]ąF\ RNRáR RGVHWHN Z\ERUFyZOHZLF\NWyU]\X]QDOLĪHSDĔVWZRQLHSRZLQQRGąĪ\üGR]PQLHM V]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOL:DUWRWDNĪH]ZUyFLüXZDJĊQDWR ĪHWRZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZ3L6QDMZLĊNV]\ZSRUyZQDQLX]LQQ\PLIRUPDFMDPL RGVHWHNEDGDQ\FK±RNRáRZ\SRZLHG]LDáVLĊZVSRVyE]GHF\GRZDQ\ ]DDNW\ZQąUROąSDĔVWZD:ĞUyGZ\ERUFyZOHZLF\WDNLHZVND]DQLHXG]LHOLáR RNRáREDGDQ\FK :EDGDQLDFKMHG\QLHZSU]\SDGNXMHGQHMIRUPDFMLZ\ERUF\QLHFKĊWQL LQJHUHQFMLSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLHQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOLSU]H ZDĪ\OLQDG]ZROHQQLNDPLWDNLFKG]LDáDĔ%\áRWRZ1RZHM3UDZLF\ZSU]\SDGNX JáRVXMąF\FKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZ:WHMJUXSLHEDGDQ\FKRNRáR RSRZLHG]LDáRVLĊSU]HFLZNRG]LDáDQLRPSDĔVWZDDRNRáRWDNLHG]LDáDQLD SRSDUáR]GHF\GRZDQLH(OHNWRUDW\SR]RVWDá\FKIRUPDFMLE\á\]EOLĪRQH GRW\FK]Z\ERUyZGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJR
BƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ3DĔVWZRSRZLQQR GąĪ\üGR]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOL´ZSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK HOHNWRUDWDFKZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZZRMHZyG]WZZURNX Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP 1RZD3UDZLFD LORĞü 9 8 4 3 13 37 32 LORĞü 5 18 34 52 84 193 36/ LORĞü 0 1 5 29 51 3L6 LORĞü 1 5 15 42 104 SLD LORĞü 0 4 3 18 35 .RPLWHWORNDOQ\ regionalny LORĞü 2 5 7 45 75 ,QQD LORĞü 2 1 5 2 24 34 Nie JáRVRZDáHPDP LORĞü 11 9 34 232 1LHSDPLĊWDP LORĞü 0 1 4 14 27 :SU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZ32RNRáRSRSDUáRDNW\ZQRĞüSDĔVWZD QDW\PSROXDRNRáRE\áRMHMSU]HFLZQH]QDF]QDOLF]EDERRNRáR QLHE\áDZVWDQLHRNUHĞOLüVZRLFKSRJOąGyZ-HGQDNOLF]ED]ZROHQQLNyZ]GHF\ GRZDQLHSU]HZDĪDáDQDGSU]HFLZQLNDPL 1DMEDUG]LHM SRSLHUDOL LGHH DNW\ZQHJR ]DDQJDĪRZDQLD SDĔVWZD Z ]PQLHM V]DQLHUR]SLĊWRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKJáRVXMąF\ZZ\ERUDFKGRVHMPLNyZQD36/2NRáR ]ZROHQQLNyZWHMSDUWLLZ\UD]LáRWDNLSRJOąGDMHG\QLHMHGQDRVRED]EDGDQ\FK PLDáD]GDQLHSU]HFLZQH=EOLĪRQHWHĪE\á\RGSRZLHG]LZ\ERUFyZ3L6L6/' 3RGREQ\RGVHWHNZJUXSLHJáRVXMąF\FKQDOLVW\GRVHMPLNyZW\FKSDUWLLRSRZLHáRVXMąF\FKQDOLVW\GRVHMPLNyZW\FKSDUWLLRSRZLHRVXMąF\FKQDOLVW\GRVHMPLNyZW\FKSDUWLLRSRZLH G]LDáVLĊ]DDNW\ZQRĞFLąSDĔVWZD3L6RNRáRDZ6/'RNRáR3RGREQLH WHĪMDNZSU]\SDGNXJáRVXMąF\FKZZ\ERUDFKGR3DUODPHQWX(XURSHMVNLHJRZĞUyG Z\ERUFyZ6/'ZLĊNV]\RGVHWHNRNRáRE\áSU]HFLZQ\LQWHUZHQFMLSDĔVWZD :SU]\SDGNXNRPLWHWyZORNDOQ\FKF]\WHĪUHJLRQDOQ\FK]GHF\GRZDQLH SU]HZDĪDOL]ZROHQQLF\DNW\ZQRĞFLSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLXUyĪQLFZGRFKRGDFK RE\ZDWHOL6WDQRZLOLRQLRNRáRZ\ERUFyZW\FKIRUPDFMLRNRáR
tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ 6WRVXQHN GR G]LDáDĔ SDĔVWZD QD U]HF] ]PQLHMV]DQLD QLHUyZQRĞFL ZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOLZQLHZLHONLPVWRSQLXUyĪQLFXMHEDGDQ\FKZSRG]LDOH QDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊ&KRüZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZRNUHĞODMąF\FKVZRMHSRJOąG\ MDNR OHZLFRZH Z\VWąSLá QLHFR ZLĊNV]\ RGVHWHN ]ZROHQQLNyZ DNW\ZQHJR G]LDáDQLDSDĔVWZDQLĪZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZXPLHV]F]DMąF\FKVLĊ QDSUDZHMVWURQLHVFHQ\SROLW\F]QHM=NROHLZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZSUDZL FRZ\FKSRQDGGZDUD]\ZLĊFHMZVND]DĔQLĪZSU]\SDGNXZ\ERUFyZOHZLF\ E\áRSU]HFLZQ\FKDNW\ZQRĞFLSDĔVWZDRGSRZLHGQLRL 7DEHOD5R]NáDGLORĞFLRZ\LSURFHQWRZ\RGSRZLHG]LQDS\WDQLHÄ3DĔVWZR SRZLQQRGąĪ\üGR]PQLHMV]DQLDQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOL´ ZNRQWHNĞFLHGHNODURZDQ\FKSRJOąGyZSROLW\F]Q\FK Zdecydowanie 1,( 5DF]HM1,( SRZLHG]LHü7UXGQR 5DF]HM7$. Zdecydowanie 7$. 5D]HP Lewica LORĞü 2 8 20 48 105 183 &HQWUXP LORĞü 3 13 33 48 3UDZLFD LORĞü 20 24 28 83 184 339 1LHZLHPQLH SRWUD¿ĊRNUHĞOLü LORĞü 5 7 30 59 143 244 1LHPQLHM]DUyZQRQDOHZLF\MDNLQDSUDZLF\]GHF\GRZDQDZLĊNV]RĞü EDGDQ\FKRSRZLHG]LDáDVLĊ]DG]LDáDQLHPSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLXQLHUyZQRĞFL ZGRFKRGDFK3RODNyZ,QWHUHVXMąFHMHVWWRĪHZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZNWyU]\QLHE\OL ZVWDQLHRNUHĞOLüVZRLFKSRJOąGyZQDMHGQHM]HVWURQ]QDOD]áDVLĊQDMPQLHMV]D JUXSDSU]HFLZQLNyZDNW\ZQRĞFLSDĔVWZDZW\PZ]JOĊG]LHRNRáREDGDQ\FK 7DN MDN Z SU]\SDGNX Z\ERUFyZ OHZLF\ L SUDZLF\ Z\ERUF\ QLH]GHF\GRZDQL Z ]GHF\GRZDQHM ZLĊNV]RĞFL RNRáR RSRZLHG]LHOL VLĊ ]D DNW\ZQą UROą SDĔVWZD2GVHWHNRVyEZ\SRZLDGDMąF\FKVLĊZW\PZVND]DQLXZVSRVyE]GHF\ GRZDQ\E\áSU]\W\PQLH]QDF]QLHZ\ĪV]\QLĪZJUXSLHZ\ERUFyZOHZLFRZ\FK :\GDMHVLĊĪHZSU]\SDGNXSRG]LDáyZQDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊLVWRWQHVą ZVND]DQLDZ\ERUFyZ3UDZDL6SUDZLHGOLZRĞFL2SRZLDGDMąVLĊRQL]DDNW\ZQą UROąSDĔVWZDSU]\]PQLHMV]DQLXUyĪQLFZGRFKRGDFKRE\ZDWHOLDMHGQRF]HĞQLH XPLHV]F]DMą VLĊ QD SUDZHM VWURQLH VFHQ\ SROLW\F]QHM : QLHFR PQLHMV]\P VWRSQLXWDXZDJDPRĪHGRW\F]\üWHĪZ\ERUFyZ32
:DUWR ]DXZDĪ\ü WDNĪH SU]HZDJĊ Z GHNODURZDQ\FK SU]H] EDGDQ\FK SRJOąGDFKSUDZLFRZ\FK-HVWLFKZVXPLHQLHPDOW\OHVDPRFRZ\ERUFyZOHZL FRZ\FKLFHQWUXP-HGQDNZLGRF]QLHRSLHUDMąRQLVZRMąZL]MĊSUDZLFRZRĞFLQD LQQ\FKNU\WHULDFKQLĪVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH
BƵŬĂƐnjdŽŵĐnjĂŬ
3RGVXPRZDQLH
6WRVXQHNGRSUREOHPyZ]UyĪQLFRZDQLDGRFKRGyZQLHUyĪQLáZVSRVyE Z\UDĨQ\Z\ERUFyZSROVNLFKSDUWLLSROLW\F]Q\FKZRNUHVLHZ\ERUyZGRSDUOD PHQWXHXURSHMVNLHJRLZZ\ERUDFKVDPRU]ąGRZ\FK=GHF\GRZDQDZLĊNV]RĞü Z\ERUFyZ]DXZDĪDáD]E\WGXĪąUyĪQLFĊZGRFKRGDFK3RODNyZRUD]GRPDJDáD VLĊDNW\ZQHMUROLSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLXW\FKUyĪQLF0LPRWHJRĪHZFLąJX NLONXODWSRSU]HG]DMąF\FKZ\ERU\UyĪQLFHZUR]SLĊWRĞFLGRFKRGyZZ3ROVFH QLH]QDF]QLHVLĊ]PQLHMV]\á\WRZGDOV]\PFLąJXGODZLĊNV]RĞFLEDGDQ\FKVą RQH]DGXĪH3RGREQ\UR]NáDGSRJOąGyZ]DREVHUZRZDQRZJUXSDFKZ\ERUFyZ 3L6L6/'1DMZLĊNV]ąJUXSĊ]ZROHQQLNyZDNW\ZQHMSROLW\NLSDĔVWZDZQLZH ORZDQLX UyĪQLF Z GRFKRGDFK RE\ZDWHOL ]DXZDĪ\ü PRĪQD ZĞUyG Z\ERUFyZ 36/=NROHLZJURQLHZ\ERUFyZ.RQJUHVX1RZHM3UDZLF\SRJOąG\QLHVąWDN MHGQR]QDF]QH:\ERUF\WHMSDUWLLQLHPDOSRUyZQRG]LHOąVLĊQDGZLHJUXS\: ]ZROHQQLNyZLQJHUHQFMLSDĔVWZDLMHMSU]HFLZQLNyZ%\üPRĪHWDNDNRQFHQ WUDFMD W\FK GUXJLFK Z\QLND ] Z\UDĨQLH DNFHQWRZDQHJR Z REX NDPSDQLDFK SRVWXODWXSURJUDPRZHJRRJUDQLF]HQLDUROLSDĔVWZD 3RJOąGQDWHPDWUROLSDĔVWZDZ]PQLHMV]DQLXQLHUyZQRĞFLZGRFKRGDFK SRZLQLHQWHRUHW\F]QLHUyĪQLüEDGDQ\FKZ\UDĪDMąF\FKOHZLFRZHOXESUDZLFRZH SRJOąG\5yĪQLFHVąWXQLHZLHONLH0RĪQD]DXZDĪ\üĪH]ZROHQQLNyZDNW\ZQRĞFL SDĔVWZDMHVWZLĊFHMZJURQLHZ\ERUFyZGHNODUXMąF\FKOHZLFRZHSRJOąG\QLĪSUDZL FRZ\FK-HGQDNZ\VWĊSXMHRJURPQDSU]HZDJDSRJOąGyZXWRĪVDPLDQ\FK]SRGHM ĞFLHPOHZLFRZ\P3RWZLHUG]DWRSRJOąGĪHQDSROVNLHMVFHQLHSROLW\F]QHMWHQ SUREOHPQLHMHVWLVWRWQ\ZSRG]LDOHQDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊ,QWHUHVXMąFHMHVWQDWRPLDVW WRĪHPLPRWDNLHMSU]HZDJL]ZROHQQLNyZDNW\ZQHMUROLSDĔVWZDXJUXSRZDQLD OHZLFRZHQLH]\VNXMąGXĪHJRSRSDUFLDZZ\ERUDFK1LHIRUPXáXMąZ\VWDUF]DMąFR Z\UDĨQLHVZRLFKSU]HND]yZSURJUDPRZ\FKZRSDUFLXRSRVWXODW\UyZQRĞFLRZH ZZ\PLDU]HVSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]Q\POXEWHĪZ\ERUF\QLHSRGHMPXMąGHF\]ML RVZRLFKSUHIHUHQFMDFKZRSDUFLXRZ\UDĪDQ\VWRVXQHNGRWHJRSUREOHPX %LEOLRJUD¿D %REELR1Prawica i lewica.UDNyZ:\GDZQLFWZR=QDN %63RODF\RVSUDZLHGOLZRĞFLVSRáHF]QHM.RPXQLNDW]EDGDĔ:DUV]DZD&HQWUXP %DGDĔ2SLQLL6SRáHF]QHM *RGOHZVNL7/HZLFDLSUDZLFDZĞZLDGRPRĞFLVSRáHF]HĔVWZDSROVNLHJR:DUV]DZD 'RP:\GDZQLF]\(OLSVD*RGOHZVNL 7 ,GHQW\¿NDFMH LGHRORJLF]QH VSRáHF]HĔVWZD SROVNLHJR Ä3UHIHUHQFMH 3ROLW\F]QH´QU
tLJďŽƌĐLJƉŽůƐŬŝĐŚƉĂƌƟŝƉŽůŝƚLJĐnjŶLJĐŚǁŽďĞĐƉƌŽďůĞŵƵƌŽnjǁĂƌƐƚǁŝĞŶŝĂƐƉŽųĞĐnjŶĞŐŽ *86 'RFKRG\ L ZDUXQNL Ī\FLH OXGQRĞFL 3ROVNL UDSRUW ] EDGDQLD (86,/&
:DUV]DZD'HSDUWDPHQW%DGDĔ6SRáHF]Q\FKL:DUXQNyZĩ\FLD .DUQRZVND',GHQW\¿NDFMDOHZLFD±SUDZLFDLMHMUR]XPLHQLHZSU]HVWU]HQLNXOWXURZHM Ä3UHIHUHQFMH3ROLW\F]QH´QU /HUR\00LĊG]\QHROLEHUDOL]PHPDÄWU]HFLąGURJąª3RJOąG\VSRáHF]QRHNRQRPLF]QH Z32L6/'>Z@$QQD3DF]HĞQLDN-HDQ0LFKHO'H:DHOHUHG/XG]LHSDUWLL,GHDOLĞci F]\SUDJPDW\F\".DGU\SDUW\MQHZĞZLHWOHEDGDĔHPSLU\F]Q\FK:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR 1DXNRZH6&+2/$5 6RNyá:6\VWHPSDUW\MQ\Z3ROVFH±VSHF\¿NDXZDUXQNRZDQLDVWDELOL]DFMD>Z@-DQXV] .RUQDĞ UHG 3DUWLH SROLW\F]QH SHUPDQHQWQH SUREOHP\ 6WXGLD ] ]DNUHVX IXQNFMRQRZDQLD
V\VWHPX SROLW\F]QHJR .LHOFH:\GDZQLFWZR:\ĪV]HM 6]NRá\ (NRQRPLL L$GPLQLVWUDFML LP
SURI(GZDUGD/LSLĔVNLHJR
6]DZLHO 7 =UyĪQLFRZDQLH OHZLFRZR ± SUDZLFRZH L MHJR NRUHODW\ >Z@ 5DGRVáDZ 0DUNRZVNL UHG :\ERU\ SDUODPHQWDUQH 6\VWHP SDUW\MQ\ SRVWDZ\ SROLW\F]QH
]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H:DUV]DZD)ULHGULFK(EHUW6WLIWXQJ3U]HGVWDZLFLHOVWZRZ3ROVFH 6]DZLHO7D3RG]LDáQDOHZLFĊLSUDZLFĊZ3ROVFHSRURNX>Z@5DGRVáDZ0DUNRZVNL UHG6\VWHPSDUW\MQ\L]DFKRZDQLDZ\ERUF]H'HNDGDSROVNLFKGRĞZLDGF]HĔ:DUV]DZD ,QVW\WXW6WXGLyZ3ROLW\F]Q\FK3$1 6]DZLHO7E7UZDáLEĊG]LHWUZDáGáXJR´.U\W\ND3ROLW\F]QD´QU 7XUVND.DZD$:RMWDVLN:6WUXNWXUDVSRáHF]QDRUD]SUHIHUHQFMHSDUW\MQHZXNáDG]LH DXWRLGHQW\¿NDFMLOHZLFRZRSUDZLFRZ\FKÄ3UHIHUHQFMH3ROLW\F]QH´QU :RMWDVLN : .ZHVWLH HNRQRPLF]QH MDNR F]\QQLN G\VNUHSDQF\MQ\ LGHQW\¿NDFML SROLW\F]Q\FKÄ3UHIHUHQFMH3ROLW\F]QH´QU :RMWDVLN:/HZLFDLSUDZLFDZ3ROVFH$VSHNW\HNRQRPLF]QRVSRáHF]QH6RVQRZLHF 2¿F\QD:\GDZQLF]DÄ+XPDQLWDV´ =DU\FNL72PRĪOLZRĞFLLQWHUSUHWDFMLVWUXNWXU\SROVNLHMSU]HVWU]HQLSROLW\F]QHMÄ6WXGLD 5HJLRQDOQHL/RNDOQH´QU