Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland

(1)

Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 55 (2005), No.4, pp. 393-443

Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland

EDWARD CHWIEDUK

Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Mak6w Polnych Sfr. 16, PL-61-606 Poznan, Poland.

E-mail: chwieduk@amu.edupl

ABSTRACT:

CHWIEDUK, E. 2005. Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland.

Acta Geologica Polonica, 55 (4), 393-443. Warszawa.

The taxonomic description of the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Rugosa from the boundaty area of the Precambrian East European Craton and the Palaeozoic platform of Central Europe is presented. Palaeontological analysis and the stratigraphical distribution of the corals in Western Pomerania enabled recognition of several faunistic events, which reflect evolutionaty trends in rugose corals.

The pre-crisis Frasnian coral fauna, dominated by colonial forms, both massive [Disphyllia laxa (GURICH, 1896), Hexagonaria hexagona kowalae WRZOLEK, 1992, ?Frechastraea] and branching [Disphyllum kweihsiense YOH, 1937, Peneckiella ?fascicularis (SOSHKINA, 1952), Thamnophyllum monozonatum (SOSHKINA, 1939), Peneckiella szulczewskii ROZKOWSKA, 1979], developed on the carbonate platform extending along the edge of the East European Craton. The similarity of these faunas to Rugosan faunas from southern Poland is significant.

The coral fauna was reduced significantly after the Kellwasser crisis. Colonial corals disappeared altogether and solitary dissepimented forms were markedly reduced. The subsequent Late Famennian radiation caused a significant quan- titative and qualitative differentiation of the coral faunas. In addition to the well-known 'Cyathaxonia fauna', warm and shallow-water solitary corals appeared in the latest Famennian. The stratigraphically important taxa of the latest Famennian include: Campophyllum MILNE-EDWARDS & HAIM, 1850, ?Palaeosmilia aquisgranense (FRECH, 1885), Bounophyllum pomeranicum sp. nov. and Guelichiphyllum kowalense ROZKOWSKA, 1969.

The latest Famennian regression caused subdivision of the Pomeranian area into at least two sedimentary basins, sep- arated by shallows, with peculiar ecological conditions, and the appearance of numerous endemic taxa. This regressive interval contains, however, numerous levels yielding less restricted faunas, which suggest the intermittent appearance of more open-sea conditions.

Key words: Rugosa, Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous, Palaeoecology, Palaeogeography, Western Pomerania, Poland.

INTRODUCTION

The aim of the present paper is the description of the Devonian and Early Carboniferous coral fauna of Western Pomerania. This fauna is very poorly known and has been only sparsely documented. The first reports (R6zKOWSKA & FEDOROWSKI 1972; R6zKOWS- KA 1979), provided illustrations and descriptions of a

selection of the most important species. Identifications and illustrations of an additional seven taxa were subsequently published by MUSZER (1998). [Those identifications are, however, not confirmed herein.] Finally, a preliminaty report with a list of recognised taxa, and some general stratigraphical and palaeogeographical suggestions, was recently published by the author (CHWIEDUK 1998).

(2)

The Upper Palaeozoic strata in Pomerania are entirely subsurface. Their recognition resulted from geophysical and geological oil and gas prospecting. The first drilling that reached the Carboniferous and/or Devonian rocks (Chojnice-2 borehole) was carried out in 1958 (TOKARSKI 1959). The Lower Carboniferous rocks were first reported from the Bobolice-1 borehole (ZELICHOWSKI 1968). The Devonian and Carboniferous of Western Pomerania have so far been recognized in 119 boreholes (Oil and Gas Drilling Company data, Pila, 2000), mostly from the Koszalin-Chojnice (abbreviated as K-Ch) structural zone and from the Baltic Coast, west of Koszalin (Text-fig. 1).

The coral fauna analysed herein was derived from

16

BALTIC SEA

...llL Teisseyre-Tornquist tectonic line o boreholes

/"" Faults

D Lower Carboniferous

D Famennian]

D Frasnian Devonian _ Givetian

D Lower Palaeozoic

16

o

25 km

L ' _ _ _ _ - ' ,

39 boreholes (Text-figs 1, 2, Tabs la-d). It comprises 399 specimens (Tab. la-d) from the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous strata; 58 from the Frasnian, 261 from the Famennian, and 80 from the Lower Carboniferous. Specimens, thin sections and some unpublished data of Professors Maria ROZKOWSKA and Jerzy FEDOROWSKI were additionally used.

The material is dominated by: ?Campophyllum sp.

nov. A (9.0%), Campophyllum fle.xuosum (8.3%), Conilo- phyllum priscum (7.8%), Bounophyllum pomeranicum

(5.3%), ?Syringaxon sp. nov. A (5.3%), Cyathaxonia (C.) famenniana (3.3%) and Cyathaxonia (C.) d. rozkowskae (2.5%). The large representation (19.3%) of new (genera and species), most probably endemic taxa, is noteworthy.

18

...

54

18

Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Western Pomerania (after MATYJA 1998, slightly modified) excluding formations younger than Lower Carboniferous, including borehole locations with Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rugose corals, against the background of the structural geological map of

Poland (after BELKA 1998, slightly modified)

(3)

GEOLOGICA POLONICA, VOL. 55

c co

'Q) (/)

:>

Miospore Zones

V3c V3b V3a V2a

Foraminiferal Zones

Cf6

Cf5

Conodont Zones

bilineatus

/-- - - --1 texanus Cf4

lithostratigraphic Units

(/)1-- ^V1a^-^b _Cf3 Drzewiany Fm.

::J 0 0::

UJ u.

Z

0 co 0::

<{

u

z ~

z

~

o

Tn3c

Cf2 Tn3a -b

c Tn2c 'iii co

'ro E Tn2b

::J

~ _Tn2a ^{Cf1a -}^y

Tn1b

anchoralis-Iatus

typicus ~

L isosticha U crenulata -

L sandberai duplicata

-f

sulcata

'c Tn1a Of3& ~

.~ Etroeungt Q.kobeitusana praesulcata ~

.E~ Of31> L

Sqpolno Fm.

? Stratigraphic gap

Sqpolno Fm.

(/)

: -~

~I--...--""

\-

e_x_p_a_n_s_a _ _

-'::~-l

^{' \}

Of3y

F a / ____________ ~

c / - -- - -

-~

^{- --}^-^-

\-P_o_s_te_~_a

^___

--"- '::~-l

^E

. ~ ____ ~f~~____ ~

u.. o c c:

~ ^'Fm^.

Q) ~ ? trachytera ~

u. L

c co 'c (/)

u. ~

~7a2b -_-_-_-_~ _~_~_~_-_-_-_-_

marginifera

~

~ L Fa2a I---~~-ho-m-b-o-id-e-a~~

F3

F2

Of2

crepida triangularis linguiformis Of1

rhenana ~

L

<=

u..

-0

Gorzyslaw Mb.

Strzeiewo Mb.

____________ fLja:::m=ie:..:a:..:e=--_ _ -I

~

N <.l!l

punctata 0

'>

^~

transitans Unislaw Mb, ~ ^'"

falsiovalis ~ I---<J,'>=----I

L Wyszeb6rz Fm.

hassi ~

L

WIERZCHOWO-11 p

50,7 ?Bradyphyflum bojkowskii 54,4 Rotiphyflum sp. A

WYSZEB6RZ-1

T ~~

1950~

2050

1996,0 Disphyllum kweihsiense

2016,3 D.kweihsiense, T.isetense

Tem~m

^sp

~kweihSiense, risetense

2350 )s!i5i!i!a:o

00BRZYCA-2

3550

4100 4114

Tournaisian

~

CHOJNICE-3

~""'"~=

s}

:R

J

e-

N .,;

3550

!G 3700

3800

' ''''111~1~

^.~~~§

'~ ~ .e

^{~ ~ ~~}

.~

~"3 &.~

4116,6 DispllYllum kweihsiense

4123,1 Disphyllum kweihsiansa Jg ^E~ o~ ^t;>~

!f

g~

~~~~

tfa:~tf 4188.8 Salee/asmB cf. de/epini 0 f'-

4196,1 Aristophyflum sp. c» 0

to~ 4236,8 Disphyllum kweihsiense

';):~,~Jlilll

^{N N}

4238 7 Thamnophyllum soshkinae

---

2914

c

'"

.~

CHOJNICE-5

A A

2-

1

~ '"

<X> o

-_.-___ .-:.c.-_-. ~

3886

(3 4077~~~~

4100

4349.0m 3044,5m O~

5055,5m

GOZO-1

p " " "

2366

2900 ~::!:!il:&Q]

3150

~

BABILON-1 p

2619t~~~~~ ^2619,7?Campophyllumsp.A

~"'""~ 2622,7 ?Palaeosmilia aqaisgranensis

?Campophyllum sp. A 2629,5 ?P aquisgranensis

~~~~~1'!1 2678,3?P. aquisgranensis

BIAtOGARO-5

3000

~~~~ 28B4,5 Campophyllum flexuosum

~5~:::il~ ^2914,7?P.aquisgranensis C. flexuosum

v v 3314,Om

3350 ... -.--...--x.

p 3400

3500

" " 1\ A

1\ 1\ 1\ 1\

1\ 1\ A A

A 1\ A 1\

1\ 1\ 1\ A

~Iii~i

^3167,0Temnophyllum sp.

3235,4m 4000 ~

~ 4006,Om

EDWARD CHWIEDUK, FIG, 2A

KARLlNO-1

3600..jfi~~

~

^~~~~:^3645,2Sa/ee/a5ma cf. delepini Cyathaxonia (C.) cf. rozkowskae C. (C.) famenniana 3646,5 Sa/ee/85ma cL de/epin;

~~~~~!:l 3685,5 C. (C,) ct, rozkolVskae

F ?Syringaxon sp.nov. A

3800~~~~~~ ^3741,0

Bounophyllum pomeranictfm

3855,0

Bounophyllum pomeranicum

3900

4170.)2~~~~~

4322,5m

Fig. 2a. Stratigraphical correlation and distribution of the coral taxa of selected columns from Western Pomerania, Only those boreholes were selected where the recognized coral fauna changed the existing stratigraphic ranges or made them more precise (lithostratigraphical units of Upper Devonian according to MATYJA 1993 and 1998, Lower Carboniferous after LIPIEC in MATYJA & ai, 2000; standard conodont division according to SANDBERG & ai, 1978, LANE & at. 1980, ZIEGLER & SANDBERG 1990, WEDDlGE & ai, 1996; Foraminifera and Miospore zones after CONIL & at. 1976 and 1990)

(4)

(5)

DEVONIAN - CARBONIFEROUS RUGOSA FROM WESTERN POMERANIA, POLAND ³⁹⁵ GEOLOGICAL SETIING

Western Pomerania (Text-fig. 1) is located in the 1Ians- European Suture Zone (abbreviated as TESZ), which cor- responds roughly to the tectonic Thisseyre-Tornquist Zone (TIZ), bounded to the NE by the East European Craton (EEC), along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Line (ZNOSKO 1969).

The TIZ varies in width between 50 and 90 Ian and its crust thickness between 35 and 50 Ian (GUZEK 1994, GLAZEK & al. 2000, GUTERCH & GRAD 2000). It separates two main structural areas of Central Europe: the stable Precambrian East European Craton (EEC) to the east, with crust 42-47 Ian thick, and the more mobile and thin- ner (with crust 30-36 Ian thick) craton of central and west-

Conodont Zones

bilineatus

.........

texanus

ane/wralis-latus

typicus ~

L isosticha U crenulata -

L sandber; i duplicata U

L

sulcata

-U praesulcata ~

L

~

expansa ~

L

postera ---"L

L

~

3242

DASZEWO-19K

p 3335

00 3300

DYGOWO-1

:':

:-.

3371.0 Genus nov.D 3392,0 Genus nov. D

em Europe (CEP) of Variscan age (GLAZEK 1994). In western Pomerania the basement of the craton is covered with sedimentary rocks ranging in thickness between 5 and 6 Ian (GUTERCH & al. 1986, GUTERCH & GRAD 2000, GLAZEK 1994, GLAZEK & al. 2000). This is demonstrated by the models showing the present top surface of the Devonian and/or Carboniferous (Text-figs 3, 4). The sub- Permian basement is formed of blocks delimited by NW- SE fault zones (DADLEZ 1978, 1980, 1982; POZARYSKI 1982;

MILACZEWSKI 1982; KARN!<OWSKI 1983).

In the K-Ch Zone, the Devonian-Carboniferous strata do not form a continuous cover, and are strongly faulted, due to intensive block movements and subsequent erosion in the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian (MATYJA

BIESIEKIERZ-2 P

2742

Bt.OTNO-3

~;::;:;:~;j3967,3 Eoslrol;on torluOSUI1l

/E:~'Oi'J"075, 1 E. tor1uostlm Cyalhoclisia modavense

trachytera ~ L

3570,8 Cyatllaxonia (C.) cf. rozkoYlskae Conilophyflum priscum, Genus nOV.E

~~~'::I 3571,ORoliphyflumspA

~ 3576.0 ?Syringaxon sp. nov. A. i&

3"00_1 11=; 31 23. 1

RotiphyflumDrewerelasme sp.A sp.A.

~ marginifera ~

3400

L rhomboidea crepida triangularis linguiformis

rhenana ~

L 3493,6m

jamieae

hassi ~

L puncta/a t(ansitans falsiovaJis - U

L

36(}() C. (C.) ct. rozkowskae c:;;

,e-

U

3670,6 Rofiphyflum sp. A.

3684,0 Zaphrenliles cr. craSSU$

, - -- - -- Zaphrentites parallela RotipIIyUum sp. B

Genus nov. F 3124,2 Gonilophytfum priscum

Genus nov. E

3132,5

G. priscum 3135,1 ?Spirophyffumsp.

3139.3 Genus nov. F.

3145.5 Eostrotion tOl1lJOsum

Orewerelasma spA 4'OUli:= =i9 4355.,1 E. lor1uosum Gya/hoc/isia modavens Gonilopllyl/um priscum Genus nov. E

j==="'440B,2E. tortuosum

3845,3 Rotiphyllum sp.B 3848,6 Heteros/roUon sp.

3862,0 Rotiphyttum ~p. A.

3269,3 Campophyllum flexuosum C.cyfindricum

'1~1~~.~~g Cyathaxoflia (C.)ef.

~ C. f/exUOStlnl

~ 4000

j" " ¹¹^'

I

4016,Om

?Syringaxon Ip.OOv. A, GUf)richlphyllurtl kowafonse,

; ; Aml6xocerlnl8 rozkowskae, Gampopllyflum flexuosllm o Cyatllaxoniu (C.) f0ll1efmian8

.q CyalhfJxonia (C.) rozkowska8. Genus nov. A .:.. Rylstoni(l d. smyth;, MOlrlophyilum soshk./nae, ..--Genus nov. B. Genus nov. E. Genus nov. C

~ ?Cempophyflum sp. nov. A.

Fig. 2c. For explanation see Fig. 2a

(6)

po '" ""' ::l ~ P

§: ^Q ^t)

'""'I "..-... ~.

~ ~ g.

g, -?

g:

;-; 0 0

"l'j Q P

8 ~ P5 o i4 rJg

"

...,

"

o a (";) '" eel· ::r

~ .§ ~

~ _g.

[. 2.

_e:.

_ . '""'I @'

e

^~^.g

Q.. (1) (1) po '" '"

or ^po ^,Q :;-:-' § _'" ⁰

..., ,..., o Q.. -

~

JJ.

^g-

o ... ~ ::;' ~ f)i

g- m s.

S

g

^§

po " 8

(6 ~ ~

~ ~

::

[ N ~ s· :5 '"

'" .r [

~:

8 [

6 ^~s·

~ ;..., ;e

~ S" ~

~ (1)

::0 I 3

~ § ~

';;;' s ~

'" cr' (1)

0... ~ ~

~ ~ ~.

" '" on

~ ^§g. ~

Q.. Q..

::i" g ~

.'" Q..

~ -i- 8

N· I ::;!

688.

~ [ ~

~ ~ &.

f<o <§i. ~.

~ 8.

g'

o ^{~ ~}

~ ~ §

o 0 ...,

~ ~

s-

15 ;:;: ^<10 '0 ~ 0

:s 2

t::'

~ [3 25

'" r

~ ~

~ f<o

DEVONIAN

FRASNIAN

~03t::

""~~

6'~ 25 03~f!

~~Q)

ric

~19;j.

~I~

- ffi

CD

r i C :::> <::

~~;

§ 2'

'" §l co·

riC

tlt

t-++-

.. • .. 1 I I I I I I 1 II I I I I I I .. • ... , ... • ..

II I I I I I I?

(f)

Oi ::J

"'-

Ol

a.

o o

::J o

"'- o

"'-

N o

::J ~

o·

::J

z

«

z

(f)

«

c::

LL.

Name of species

(j)

..92 ..c o

Q)

o

.a

-

^o^Q)

E ro

z

..c D..

o

Q) (')

·c ~

.0'

.c o Dobrzyca-2

52

"OI§! N E o CIS

0 - , Koczala - 1

'E ~

<])

·0 .</i

~

·c ~

~ ~IPolanow-2

52

~

_<])

:.;;0

</i

-0 0..

N

~

slVl/yszeborz-1

mmcimNIDIDro~mIDci~mm~roori~N~NmID~~ri~~IDIDmm~

M~ro~NmMM~o~roNM~~OMNNroroo~~oomoorooom~~ooro

~roro~~~NN~~rom~mmmoooo~~om~~~~mmmOOMM

NIOI~I~I~I~lrol~lololrololrol~loINI~I~IOI~I(')ININIOIOIOIOI~1~1(')lol(')lol~l~

N N N "¢ -.::t v -.:t "=1" N ..- ..- N N N N N M M N N N N M ..- ..- ..- ..- M M ... ..- N N N N I J - - -

TOTAL

I~~~~;::::;:; ::~::llmata I I I I I I I I I I I U I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~+++·H-H~HH

? Frecltastraea

-'...:!LI

^I~

LH+I ^l!

Spillopltyllum /asciculare

I I - I I-I ^-I ^it-I-m ^I

ⁱ

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I +I~I

³

Cltaractopltyllum sp.

II H

^I

^{I H- II I}

⁺

^{I II!} 'H : ^{I I I I I}

ⁱ

II ^{I I I I} II ^III?

Pell-eckiella /ascicularis

111 1 - -r---I--r

^-1 ⁱ

^{r r}

³

iPterorrltiza berdensis I

I I I I I I

¹

I II 11111-H IH- 111 I 1111111 I I I I I I I I III

⁶

lDispltyllUI1l kweihsiense

rrTl111l-l1rrl111111 - ,

¹

1111TiT1Ti1T ¹³

Tel1lllophyllum sp.

Temnophyllum elongatum Tltamnopltyllum kozlowskii Tltamnopltyllul1l mOllOZOllalul1l Aristopltyllum sp.

Pterorrltisa multizollata IPterorrhiza recta

+ +1+ +1+

2

-1-+-1-1--1 1 1 1 1 11111 1 1 1 1 I II I I H~I1t1l1

+

+ +j+

+1+ ;+

+ ?

3

r:--

?

6

?

? Hexagollaria Itexagona kowalae

I

1 1

I

¹ ^{1 1}

I I

¹

I

¹ ¹^I ¹^{I I} ¹^{I I I} ¹ ^{I I} ¹¹¹¹ ^I¹^{I I II} ¹

Pelleckiella szulczewskii

I I I I I I I I I I I I H+i I I I 12 II ÎI I : I II I I I I Î I ÎI 21

• Temnopltyllum isetellse---,- i

rTTlj-,1l1Ti:1T-I1--2rrFiTiTTilr9l

• Te11l1lopltyllum Tltamnophyllum sosltklllae

mellyo~ellse --Ht

ⁱ

LLI __ IT 1- U._J_I_I~~LI_I_J_LLLliJ

I

+ r i l l II ^111:11 ^+1-; II . IIIII I ^{I 111} ^rTTll? ^II ^~

Grypopltyllu11l d. primum

Tltamnopltyllum germanicum

~I

IDispltyllia laxa

1131

7 6

TOTAL 11111111111? 11 I? I? 12121511111111 I? I? 12121 ? 12111414131211131711121211121 58

gJ

~ '"

t)

~ gJ

c '"

(7)

~ONICA, VOL. 55 EDWARD CHWIEDUK, TAB, IB

I A N

IA N

I I

j .... +

..

^"'~

.. .

. -+" ...

. ::1:::

.. J ... \"

t·

i I

"','" '"i'''

.. "'1" ..•..

I 1

... + ...

--I

I I • • • :

.. "'i

(j) ::J Di

0.. OJ

a.

o o ::J

o 0..

o ~

o N ::J

~ is'

::J

z

z z

w

u..

Name of species

Cf) Q)

'0 .c

Q) '-o

.0 ' -o

Q)

E ro

z

.c

15..

o

Q)

Babilon-1

u;> '9

"E "E

'" '"

Cl Cl

..Q .Q

~ ~ Bialogard-9 a

Brda-1 6

"

a;

-" E

u Daszewo-19K Dygowo-1 Dunowo-1 Gorzyslaw-9 Karlino-1 Klanino-3

TOTAL

BOU110phylluI11 pomeral1icum sp.nov. 1 1 I 3 2 I I 111 2 1 6 1 : 1 1 I I 1 21

~~~~~~~~---~~--~+-+-+-+-+-+-·~~I--I-I--I~-4-+--+-+-+~~~~~~~-I~+-+-+-+-+--:-+-+-+-~~~~-4-+-+-~-I--+-I--+-+~~~~+-~-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-~~~~-4-4-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+~~--~-~~~~~~I---~

?Palaeosmilia aquisgranel1sis 1 1 1 i i i ^I, 11

I

¹ II 7

Call1pophylluI1l cylindriclIl1l _.- -~---1--+--+-+-+--I--II- .-'--.... 1-f-----+-+-+~~-+-I--jl--+'---+--+-+-I+-+-+--t--H-+L 1 ! ¹ ---- -I-~--+-+--'---+--+--t--l.--l----+---+-+-+-+-1 -1-+--1_1-1-I

I

+-+-+-+-~-i-+-~+-HH---+-+-+-+-+--+-+-+--I--

I I I : ~

Calltpopltyll1l11l flexu os Ul11 1 1 1 - 1 -- 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 -- 2 1 ' 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 111 1 11 1 1 1 1 I [1 33

Call1pophyllul1l gosse/eli 1 I 2 11 1 I I 1 I I ¹ 1 6

TT • ---+-+--+-+- --I--I--+-+--+---+--+--~-I--ji-I--I--+I-+-+I -+-+--+-1 -1-+-+--II--+--1I--+-j--I---+--+-+I--+-+--~-+-+-++-II+--j-2+1-+-+--t--+1 -+--+--+-+- 1----I1--+-+-+--1 +-+--+--+--+-+--~-+-+--I--+-+-+--1----'---+--+--+-1

.aeleroslrotlOlI sp. i i i 2

'? Nervop/tyllum sp. ⁱ 1

- . l , .

^{111 1} ³

Call1pophyllul1l cf. lIrSb-lU-'-n---I--+-+-+-t--I----IHH---+---+

1

-+--+--+--I-1-

--1-+--+-+-+-+-+--+- --+--+-+-+-+-+-i-+--+-I-t---t-

1- j:---l--I--1-

11-1-1-4---+-+-+-+-+-+-+' -+~-f ! --1-11--+---+--+-1- -~I~---+j-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-I-~~_I----il--+ ~

~:~~~

^__

~~n~T~o=p~h=y~I_I~l~l1=n::sp=.=n=(-.~IV=.=A--_----~2~1+-+-~~-+-1}-~j-+-+-+-4-1+-}-

^__

I--I_~-

^__

~I_---i+_-+I--_~1----i4_-++_-+~-_~3~_-~+I---++_-+I--_~-_+-I_~~~_3~I--1~:1~=2~=~~=1~=1~::~~

^__

4-_+"I=~I=~I-_-~+_-1~_2-~I--_~-~+_-~~_-~I~_1~-1:=~I~~~=1:=:-1~i_~~_1~1-1+-~I--4I-+-+-I--4-14-1+-21--1-1--~4.

^__

-1+-+1~1~-'_~=1:=~~~~~f~

^__

3~6

Saleelasl1la cf. delepilli 1 : 1 I i ii 1 2 6

'?Syrillgaxoll sp. nov. A 1 1 1 1 211 3 2 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 2' 1 21

Icc -- .... · - - - = - - - 1 - --- ... --\___+_1_11_1-+-+--+-+-+-+-+ -11-L---I--_1__-1---1---1- -- ----I_1--+-+-+-+ --\--+--+--+-+__+-+___+----1-f--I ,- ,--\--+-+--+-+-+-+--+--+--+-+-+-+-+___+-\

?Syringaxoll sp. nov. B 1 I I 2 I I 3

CvathaxOl1ia (C.) famenniana 1 1 1 1 1 2 i i i I 2 2 13

7f;ue;:jchtPhyllUI1l kowalense -- I I 1 1 1 1 I 2 1 - --r--+--II----:-I6

? Friedbergia sp. ----,,---~~+---I--_1__+-~-~~~-+_+__+-+___+-I----I_I-+I_L-~'-~-+~+-+-+-+_+_-I-__i__+__+_+_+_+___+-i---i---++-+-+-+-+_+-+---i-_+__+-t_+~___+---i---+-++-+-~-+-+-+_--i---i--+_+_+-I--~~-L--+--+'--+-+-I-I--"I-~+--+-+-+-+-1-~_+4-~f--~

I I

1

I I I I i i !

1

Amplexocarinia rozkowskae

I I I

1

I I i

l ' 2

Metriophyllul11 soshkil1ae -·---+_+_+___+----1--11- - --1--1_1---1--_1___1__-1---1---1---1-- -._-' -~I--I_l-! -+-+-+---+----f-+--+-~_+_+_+-I-I 1 I I 5 I ¹ f---'---+--+-+-+-+--+, ___+-1 I 5

Oligophylloidespachyfheclls I 1 1 ¹ 2

0aM~@~(C.)drozMK ^__ ~_k_M_-I--+-~-4-+-+_~+-+-+-~_'----I~_1+1-+4--j_~_~+1-+-+-++~+-+-+-+-+-~---+44+~--i1-

²¹¹ ² ² ^! ¹ ¹

~

Tabulophyllum rozkowskae I i !I , 1 1 + ?

I-S-,J_>r_i1_1g=-~_(X_(_J1_1

^_c_f_.r_o_z_k_o_w_s_k_a_e _______ I-+--

1

" __

I-~----I--+--+_I_

^I-- ,,1_-+--+-1+-+1-+-+1-+_1 +-t--+-+-I_II-- _,,_ ---,-+--+--+I--+--+-+I-+-I-+-

+-+-+-+-+-~~-

1_+-+-1----1 +-+-+ __

~-+-+-+-_

Thh~~~11l~

^I I ¹ ^I ¹

3

? +

I

TOTAL 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 211 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 13 1 1 1 13 1 3 317 611 ~ 11 2 2 714 2 1 2 2 2 6 2 7 413 1! 2 1 2 3 5 2 1 8 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 l ' 1 1 11 2 1 2 1 1 184 Tab, lb, Distribution, range chart and frequency of the Famennian coral taxa studied in Western Pomerania; see Tab_ la for explanation

(8)

DEVONIAN

FAMENNIAN

I

j

: !

I

I I

j'" "i"

'";''' "r"

"r"

"'I'''

'":''' "'1'"

'"j''' -....

"

..

^"

^,,~ ^..

I I

"T" "T"

.+ ... ^.!..

I

.+.

I

I i

.. I

.+ .. + .. +.j ... ; ...

^{f ..}

... "'f"'H-~

^I

. . . . · . . · . . 1 . . · . . .

j .. "1 '

~ .+. '"i''' "'1"....

I

(J)

ill :::J 0-ro

a.

o o :::J

o 0-

o ~ N o

:::J

~ o·

:::J

z

<C

z

w

<C

LL.

Name of species

rJ) (j)

"0 ..c ... (j) ..0 o

4-o

(j)

E ell Z ..c

0.. (j)

o

Babilon-1

I.!( or

"'2 "E

'" '"

Cl Cl

..Q ..Q

c!il c!il Bialogard-9 Brda-1 6 c

~ ..c E

o Daszewo-19K

0..

et::<;' '?

o '"

S "

<J) >-

ld!

'" 0

0 0 Dygowo-1 Dunowo-1 Gorzyslaw-9 Karlino-1

BOlll10phyllUl1l pomerallicum sp.nov. I

I

1 I 3 2 I 1 ⁱ1 ,2 I 1 6 1 I I I 1 1

Klanino-3

~?_P_a_l_ae_o_S_I1_'i_lu_{_a~ql_tl_sg~r_a_ll_e_n_Sl_S

^{_ _}

~,1~1+-1~~1~+-+-~I~-+~~4-+-~-4_1+--+4-+-+-~-+i-+~~~+-1~14-+--+~_I~,

^\ ^I ¹

I

i

I :

Call1'j?ophVllu11l cvlindricul1l 1 ^I 1 i I ^I

I

i^l ^I' I I

I

CW;-,p-op-l-':VI 1-

U-

11-'

fl-'

e.\:-ll-o-Sl-U-l1---1-t-e--~1·--I-1+-·I~--+-1'·--+--+--l-1-'·1 --+-1+-+-1 +-1-1-+-1 +-1-1'-1--11-+

1'-+-+---I,I---+-+1-2+-1·1-+-f-, -1- 1+-+--1-

1 +-1---+-2-+--+-+-.J.·-+--

1

1;-1-1+-- ,1----1--

1^--+-1-1 -I--1~''--1--1-+-₁

+-

₁-1-+-+-₁+-+--+--+,-1+-+1, 1-1+-₁+--+-1 -I -1-1~- I

-11

¹^-

~l\T,_e_r_v(_}p.h_._VI_ll_lIll_s_p_.

_ , _ _ _ _ f - - f - t - - - f-1i I - - I --f-^{- 1 -}f-t- -+_+11 +-+--1-+ Ii

-+--'-+-~--I--+I--+ t.-J

^-1-

-1/

^-+II -+ +--+!-I- .1-+---+-_++--+-1'-+--;-'"_ --

rrl

^{f- -} - f-t-I---,I-+ -+-I-i f _ - .

Call1pophyllum cf. ursillul1l

H

^I i II 1 1 [ ¹

I

:!.£..al_11p_o_'jJ/~v_ll_ll_m_s_p_.

^n_ov_.^A^{_ _ .. _}

~

1 i-f-f- 1_1--1-_1 I-cr 1--I1---+-+1

+-+-I1--+-+--j1-

I-+-+-t-{- ,_³+-+--,-+1-+-.

rl ~-I~IJ..

2 t-t- ,,1_ f-1-j--1_1^{_ t - I}

l I

i 1 2,_11-+--+11-+,-+_1+_11--+--+1 -+1-+_+--1.L....1 !-f-1-+--+-+-1--l1-1+--i'I"'-

-JI~~

^{1 'I!}¹ ^{1 Ii} ¹

~

Saieeiasl11a cf. deiepini 1 . 1 i I l ' I

!,!.v_r_ill_g_axoll_s_p.',_n_o_v._A _ _ . ! 1 1 11 1 L_ .2 0

31

2

fi

¹ ^{11 1} ^I ⁱ ^{1 ..}

l!-

¹ ¹¹

^I

^I ²^!

^I

¹

'?Syrillgaxoll sp. nov. B --+--+---1-+-+-1--1----1---1--1---+-11--1----1--1-- 1---+--+--+

1 ^+-+--- ^! ^{- ,} ²¹ I . -TT-H---+----+-I-'--+-"-f-- I - - I T I - I - - - --j--I----I- ~III-

\-- -

~t_lta_x_o_l1i_a_(_C_. )_fi_a_l11_e_"~'_h_11_1~_1

_ -1-+-+.

'-f-~

^-"-f- . -I----I--lf--l---I--+.--I-f--.-t-

I -+-,-+--+-I-J.. -I-J..

...!._ .-+-_l-f-_1

1

1 ₂

111_~!

¹¹

W-

--!----I---1-1---1 2 +-1 __

1 ___

,21--1--. - - t -i-t- .t-!

-1-- _

Gueric/tiphyllu11l kowalense ^I I 1 I I

1T11

ⁱ ²¹ ¹

? Friedbergia sp. ⁱ 1 I I

I I I

^I

I

^I ^I

t---~·~~--~---~_+-e_~1~+4-+~+1~+-1---1-~~~1-~+!~+-~~+-1-+~+-~~4-~-+4--~-+-+-+4'-+~I~~~~~+-I-+~+-J~-+~, +-~~-+-+--1~~~-T··-l-+-1-+.~·~1---:.~~-

Ampiexocflrinia rozkowskae

' i I ,

1

I

11 ^I

i'lf,_e_tl_'i_o/!_h._VI_llll"_S_o_sl_'kl_·Il_.fl_e_..L I 1 I '---\--+ +--+-_+_ +-+--+!_+_:I-+_I,' -+--+l_+-,-I-+-, _\--I_-.+-I-_1_-1----I-_+--!--,1 __ 5_-1---+₁ _, _I _{' i} i

I

^I

1

O/igop/tylloides pachythecus- -f--

I - --

f- -1-+-11 -+ I-+-+--I-+--

-i- Tc-, ^I

¹ ^,-

^{1 ' -}

¹ⁱ

^I-~-i

---I--+-·i--+--+-

~

i - f -

f-~-f-!

f-f-'+-+-

i

^{- - - I -}

Cyathaxonia (C.) cf. rozkowskae 11

I I I

I I 2 1 12

I

2 II I 1 1 I I

~·~~~~~~~-~---1-~-~~~-~4-4-4-4-~,~,-I~~~-4~~I-4I-~~~II-~~· -1-~~-~~~-~-~~~-t-t-t-+-+-t-t-+I-+-+-+-+-+-+~I-+--~-+-+-+-+-+,-+-4-+-+-+-+-+-~I-+-+-+-I-+~~~~-~~j-~~i--~~·~}-~

Tabulophyllum rozkowskae

I i i I

^I I +

Syringaxon cf. rozkowskae ^r

I

I i 1 I 1 ' 1 1

I

^I ⁱ

I I I

I' Hi

9abu-lo-'jJ-It-yll-u-m-sp-.-- ' - - - - t- I -TI'-'-f--il~'-f-+-I-+-+I-'-+--+---'--II--I-'-+---+--+-+-+I -+++--+i -+-+-j--+-+-+--I--+ il-l---+---+--+-+---+-+-.;

,-t--:-t-i-t-

^{1-1--1 -} -+-+-I--++--ii-+---c-- ^{- f - I -}

I

^TOTAL 221112'1211111111121111111,1 i i i 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 3 7 6 1

s:!\1

2 2 7 4 2 1 2 2 2 1 6₁2 7 4 3 112 1 2 3 5 2 1 8 1 212 1 1 1 1 4 1 311 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tab. lb. Distributiou, range chart and frequency of the Famennian coral taxa studied in Western Pomerania; see Tab, 1a for explanation

(9)

DEVONIAN - CARBONIFEROUS RUGOSA FROM WESTERN POMERANIA, POLAND 397

I

^-"^«^f--⁰^f-- ^{N M}

^.... ^....

¹⁰^{N NI}^~!r-- ^V ^{N ....}

"" ""

S609Z ₁ ..- ..- N

,-AIUBfOJ>I S'69SZ ..- ^~

,- B1Bza0>l 0'OS9Z ..- ^~

['SppS (") (')

S-OU!UB1>l npps ..- ^~

,'6SpS

1"-

^N ^N ^L()

g'O,ZS ..- ^~

L'SOZS I ..- ^~

6 - MB1SAZJ 0El p'S6,S ..- ^~

S'S6,S ..- 1 ~ ^L()

S'9S,S ..- ^~

0',,01' ..- ^~

0'0.01' ^(") ^(')

6 _LOOp-,OOP _N..-

"-1

"<t

~ 0) S'OLSS N N

>-

0 0'Z6SS ..- ^~

O',LSS ..- ^~

nzss _i ..- _{_}_.. ^~

~ g'OZSS ..- ^~

en S'HSS

6 ^~..- ^L()

6'USS ---

S ^N ..- ..- "<t

(!)

N ,'pass N ! N

<f) i

'"

^,'SSZS

I

0 (") ^(')

p'SSZS I

""

^I'-

I -_.

L'pSZS ~ "<t

£'t'SZS co co

S-ou1018 ,'SSSP ..- ^~

S'6HS

1"-

¹ ^~

Z-ZJe!~e!se!8 Z'PZ,S ..- ^~

,'SZ,S ^! ..- ^~

6-PJB601B!8 S'6SSS ..- ^~

S'LSSS I ^..- ^~

S-PJB6oIB!8 9'6S9S

1"-

^~

S-PJB6ofB!8 ,'Z,9S ..-1 ^! ^~

I

lHdaO --' ~

I 0 I-

SalOLJ8Joq JO aW8N

I

(/) ~~ UA ~If;o; 0

== "'"'

Q)

> > > > >1> > _~ > ^-

"<:5 o ⁰ o 0 0

Q)

= = = = i~ ⁼

^;;⁰

D- ~I~ ^Q..Q.. ^Q..^Q.

=

(/)

'" '" '" '" ^'" '" 8

-<i~ u~

r.5 =-

^'"

"-0 r-S..:

...r

Q)

> > >1> >1> > > >

E ^o ⁰

r

^o ⁰ ⁰ ⁰ ⁰

= = :1: ^{= = =}

co

'"

'" '" '"

Z

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

~ ~

~~ ^)I~~ ~ ~

00 00

Standard conodont zonation N'VINN3L1\1'V.::J

U Î Î Î Î Î Î Î I Î praesulcata M I I I I I I I I - I

Z _L _I _I _I _I _I _I _I _I _I

«

^z Û Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î Î

-

^<I:- ^expansa ^M

Z z L

z _postera _U

0 w

>

^:2;<I: trachytera L U

W lL. L

C ^UM

marginifera U I

Tab. Ic. Distribution, range chart and frequency of the Famennian new genera and species studied in Western Pomerania; see Tab. Ia for explanation

(10)

~

""

....

p..

tI ~.

5' g

~.

,g ;;1

"

g.

'"

;:;.

~

@

"2 g

<2 g, So

"

i

_n

a-

o

f [

~ 2:

0-(ii' 0-s·

" ~

^B

d' s

,p.'

~

""

....

'"

if

~ § d. o

'"

CARBONIFEROUS

~

'"

=

c.

'"

~---r---,I~

TOURNAISI VISEAN ^1"\o I "" Q. '" () C;;.~ '" ~ '" 0- "

=

0

1

^t:Q)~O :::;([)e;::::.:o Co t§."g;",-.()~",S·Q. 0

~§:s..g:g5~S-~~

a

~ <D ~ ::r (I) QJ ^(I)^{- .}

e-

^t:: ^N

(J) ())

(5 ..c

())

(;

.0

15

())

E CIl

z

~I~I

IB.OlnO-3 I J

"E "E

'"

0 l 0 l

OJ ~ .2 .2

~ ~ Biesiekierz~2 Brda-l "E ro 0 ~

..c 0.

())

'"

_~ _'6 _cb ^'1"⁰ ⁶

" "

~

"

⁰ ^'"⁶^'c^" ^.c⁰" ^.c⁰~

,., .0 t: :§! ~

~ ,., 'c

Daszewo- Dygowo-l ⁰ ^~ _'" ^(]) ^(]) ^(])

19K ^(!J ^(!J 52 Z :li :li

!:lltg: ^tu^Q) ~ en en

g

!!l-0'

Cl

~1~1~lil~I~lilil~lilil~I~I~lil~lilililililililil~lil~1ilililil 1~lililil~lil~I~lil~I~,~

Name of species

••••••••• J ••••••

!

I

+--

Hapsiphyllum sp. ? J!Splrophyllum sp.

? BraaypJij,fliim bo.;kowsKi{· _I1--[----1--+---'--+

211 1£

I

::r:::

^I

I

:::::1::::::!::::::::::::::::::"

··f.···:···:···i· .. ··· .... ·· .. lz

" ,

Zaphrentites parallela Bifossularia sp.

-- - - . · · · - - - 1 -

!Zaphrentites cf. parallela

TI

₊

I-I 1

I

:++=-H--l-

··~···j···:···j···I··· ... , «

' ... J ....

! •••••• ' ... ~ ... • ... ~· ^..,I II)

!

I '

I «

Caninia sp.

Zaphrentites--cf; crass us Rotfphj;ilum sp:A Rotipiijliium sp. B Sychnoelasma konincki

--.. -.~ ... " ... - - - -

z Clavip"hyllulll ^erll~

0:: Cyathoclisia modavense

++-+--'+ 1+_1···· __

I ~-·.'T· +_...1. ^...

^{1_ .• -}

^H-

. j !

12111~ 1-

t= 1···t"',···:···!···l.·,1

. I

. I .

.. +..

^I ^II

=> IEostrotion tortuosum

o IRYlstonfa cCsmythi -

C0n.ilophyllum priscum ....

_.L.Ll.J_.1

I¥P.SI.'P .. h. _ Drewerelasma ... o .... _n.o .... 'jJhyllia_ cYII.·n. sp. A

d~~c.a_

^{h. a}^..

sterli~nFsisf_.

1 ^{' __}^.', 1LopnopJijilum

sp.

A . - - - - , '

I- .. ~_1 '_I-I--...L....~_'

'2 1

TOTAL

+ 1

I=-ll~~tj~'-

^1111--

LLJ

f

-1-1---':-11-'-? I 2

2 4

?

I I

11:! ' l FI1~§'. ~§U

- r~ T!~L~ ~ I_~~

^{- - -}

3 J ~_~ ==6c,1-:1-:__ ^'---i

II-I-+-I----I-f-I--It?--I 2

1--I--~I.--j~11

+

1--2~-lrl~

'-1'

I ³

8

..

11-~-~.2~_lJI,I: _·j-W~I~ .

Ij i··

^I

i lfRnHffi~i

³¹

I

2i1

TOTAL. I 1

^!

2 211

ⁱ

1

ⁱ

2 311 12

^!

31i 11

0

2, 2 11 11

^!

2

ⁱ

211 11

'48 : ~

1411 1 I 1 1311 1 1 1211 1 1 1211 11:111 11

^I

q

80

I

'"

f§

~

:N tI

~

f§

c

~

(11)

DEVONIAN - CARBONIFEROUS RUGOSA FROM WESTERN POMERANIA, POLAND 399

1993). The blocky structure of the Late Palaeozoic was probably inherited from the Caledonian orogeny and reac- tivated subsequently during the Variscan and Alpine oro- genic cycles (DADLEZ 1978; POZARYSKI 1987; ZELICIIOWS- KI 1971). The lithology and stratigraphy of the Devonian- Carboniferous of the K-Ch Zone have been intensively studied (DADLEZ 1976, 1978; ^WBZA1976; TuRNAU 1979, 1995; MILACZEWSKI 1982, 1986; POZARYSKI 1982; ZELI- CHOWSKI 1982, 1987; LECH 1986; MATYJA 1976, 1993, 1998;

MUSZYNSKI & al. 1996; LIPIEC & MATYJA 1998).

During the Devonian and Early Carboniferous, the investigated area was part of a back-arc basin between the Mid-German High and the southern slope of the Old Red Continent represented by the Fennoscandian and Byelorussian Highs (ZIEGLER 1990), and is referred to as the Pomerania-Kujawy Basin (MATYJA 1998).

TIIE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS SUCCESSION

Devonian

The Devonian deposits in Pomerania belong mostly to the Frasnian and Famennian stages. Both stages are represented primarily by marlstones with intercalations of micritic limestone, commonly nodular. The Eifelian and Givetian stages are known sporadically (Chojnice-3, 5; Koczala-l; Kosciernica-1; Miastko-l,2; Polskie Lqki PIG-I; Stobno-l; Wyszeb6rz-1). The Eifelian strata are represented by freshwater clastic deposits (TURNAU 1995). The transgression, dated as latest Eifelian, was related to the expansion of the sea towards the east, beyond the TTZ (NARKIEWICZ & ai. 1998). The succeed- ing marine carbonate deposits are dated as Givetian. In the K-Ch Zone the Devonian transgressive sequence overlies folded Lower Palaeozoic basement with a dis- tinct angular unconformity. The thickness of strata and tectonic deformation of the Devonian sequence increase toward the Sw. It wedges out towards the NE.

The Devonian deposits are covered mostly by Lower and/or Upper Permian deposits. Remnants of Carboniferous deposits occur only locally. The lithostratigraphic framework for the Upper Devonian of the area (Text-fig. 2) was worked out by MATYJA (1993).

Facies analysis of the Devonian succession indicates that the Pomerania-Kujawy Basin was differentiated at that time into several zones. This differentiation resulted from synsedimentary small-scale block tectonics, with a variable record of the successive transgressive-regressive cycles on particular blocks (DADLEZ 1978; DADLEZ &

DADLEZ 1986; MATYJA 1993, 1998; TURNAU 1979, 1995).

MATYJA (1998), in her comprehensive study of this cyclic- ity, recognised seven transgressive-regressive cycles. She

also documented lateral facies transition from deeper environments on the SW slope to shallower, clastic envi- ronment to the Nand NE.

The coral fauna appeared first in the Givetian, during the second transgressive-regressive cycle of MATYJA (1998). Numerous solitary rugose corals continued into the Early Frasnian. Most corals disappeared before the end of the Frasnian and the carbonate platform was covered by argillaceous and marly deposits (the Strzezewo Member). The rugose corals re-appeared in the latest Famennian in great abundance and diversity, and per- sisted until the Tournaisian (Text-figs 2, 5; Tabs Ib-d).

Carboniferous

The Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian and Visean) in Pomerania is represented by shallow-shelf clayey-marls and/or nodular, sandy and oolitic limestones (Text-fig. 5).

The deeper facies existed probably farther to the south- west. The extensive lithological diversification of those strata is reflected in the numerous attempts at their lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical subdivision (DADLEZ 1978; KoREJWO 1979, 1993; TuRNAU 1979; ZELICHOWSKI 1982, LECH 1986, MUSZYNSKI & ai. 1996; LIPIEC &

MATYJA 1998; MATYJA & ai. 2000). In general, the Lower Carboniferous is interpreted as representing a single, shal- lowing-upward regressive sequence (ZELICHOWSKI 1979;

MUSZYNSKI & al. 1996; LIPIEC & MATYJA 1998; MATYJA &

ai. 2000). The Devonian-Carboniferous boundary is marked by a hiatus spanning the middle praesuicata to the lower sandbergi conodont Zones (MATYJA 1993).

DESCRIPTIVE TAXONOMY

The systematics of Rugosa and Heterocorallia is far from satisfactory. In the present paper the taxonomy of Upper Devonian corals is based on HILL'S (1981) and FEDOROWSKI'S (1991) classifications.

The following abbreviations are used for the measur- able characters:

n - number of major septa; d - diameter of the coral;

n/d - septal index; c - diameter of the axial tube; dt - diameter of the tabularium; ds - diameter of the axis structure; st - thickness of the stereotheca.

All specimens are housed in the Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan (prefix UAM.IG).

The individual numbers of coral specimens, consist of (1) the collection prefix; (2) Tc - tetracorals; (3) C. or R. - first letter of collector's name [C - CHwrEDUK; R - ROZKOWSKA]; (4) symbol of the borehole; (5) corallite number; and (6) sample depth (in metres). The collection prefix is omitted in the list within the text.

(12)

Fig. 3. Approximate depths of the occurrence of the Devonian and/or Carboniferous roofs in Western Pomerania including the location of selected boreholes (the model has been made on the basis of archived data provided by Oil and Gas Drilling Company in Pila). Red line -TIL, 0 -Ordovician, S -Silurian, Fr -Frasnian, Fm -Famennian, Cl - Lower Carboniferous. The model is drawn using programme SURFER 32 and data from 119 boreholes penetrated into the pre-Permian rocks. In order to achieve a more complete relief reconstruction, archival data of further 30 boreholes were used, in which directly beneath Permian base older formations were penetrated or basement is recognised only by geophysical logs, were bio-and lithostratigraphical divisions are not proven

-1000~

-3000~ _] 1---

54.2-1

Depth below the surface

[m]

-10001 : -20001 -3000~ -4000J

-5000 54.r

<l) -0

3538-

'§

-€

536 Z o

'6 ^':' ^~

~ .8 '" ^{• 1l}_"'~

i

^"E

f

^ro

~ ^(!)^~^.g⁰ ⁰^~ ⁱⁿ

'"

N n:

~ '6 £1

"§

!

32 <1>

Z 0

~ ^~~^'c^~ ^c

i

^~

-g ~ ^.~

j

⁰ ^'c

~ 0; ~ ro :0 "e ^'0

~ ^(!)in ^o"E .:l 6

"'''' '"

~

i

."

<1>

"

.!!!

~ :::>

B

A

\1'"

\1:..1l

Fig. 4. Uncovered 3D topography of the depths of the occurrence the Frasnian, Famennian and Lower Carboniferous roofs with selected boreholes including coral fauna (the model has been made on the basis of archived data provided by Oil and Gas Drilling Company in Pila). A -Frasnian (brown

grid), and Famennian (black isohypse); B - Lower Carboniferous

Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland