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MAP I'AP HTA KO)l(JfHA
NAJNOWSZE DZIEJE JĘZYKÓW SŁOWIAŃSKICH. JĘZYK POL
SKI,
RED. NAUKOWY S. GAJDA
Uniwersytet Opolski. Instytut Filologii Polskiej, Opole, 2001, 540 ss.
B 2001
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Book Reviews
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Book Reviews
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:na ueHHa He TOJihKO TeM, YTO on11Cb1BaeT Hoseiłw11e 113MeHeHl151 S nOJihCKOM 513h[Ke, He o6o6w:eHHhie ew:e, no nOH51THhIM np11Yl1HaM, s Jll1HrBl1CTl1YeCKOH Jil1Teparype, HO 11 TeM, YTO ,uaeT ueJIOCTHOe npe,ucTaSJieH11e O ,UOCTH)KeHl151X nOJibCKl1X 513hlKOSe,uos KaK S ccf>epe TeopeT11YeCKOH Jil1HrBl1CTl1Kl1, TaK H s o6JiaCTl1 nOJIOHl1CTl1KH ( YTO oco6eHHO ueHHO ,UJI51 3apy6e)l(HhlX nOJIOHl1CTOS, He scer,ua l1Me10w:11x S03MO)KH0CTh o6paTl1ThC51 K nepsOl1CTOYHl1-KaM ). TTO'-ITl1 K3)1(,UhlH pa3,ueJI MOHOrpacf>1111 - OT naparpacf>a, nocssimeHHOro on11caH1110 113MeHeHl1H S 3SYKOSOM CTpoe H np0113HOCHTeJihHhIX HOpMaX, ,UO mashI, S KOTOpOH aHaJil1311PYIOTC51 TeH,UeHU1111 pa3Sl1Tl151 nOJihCKOro 513hJKa S 3apy6e)Khe - npe,usap51eTCSI 113JIO)KeHHeM TeopeTH'-leCKHX no3HUHH 11 pa36opoM HMelOW:HXC51 s ,uaHHOH o6JiaCTl1 peweHHH (HeJI11WHe ynOM51HYTh H o TOM, YTO Ka)K,ua51 masa KH11r11 co,uep)K11T 6oraThie 6116n11orpaq>11YecK11e cn11cK11). TTo,u'-!epKHeM, '-!TO pe'-lh 3,uech H,UeT He o Tpa,UHUHOHHblX ,UJISI Hay'-IHhlX pa6oT pa3,uenax, Ha3hIBaeMhIX «HCTOpHeH sonpoca», a HMeHHO 06 on11caHHH pa3Sl1TH51 TeopeTHYeCKHX 3HaHl1H S TOM HJIH HHOH ccf>epe 513hIK03HaHH51. TaK, masy, nocssiw:eHHYIO H3MeHeHHSIM s Cl1HTaKCl1Ce, A. fpb16ocesa Ha'-111HaeT napa rpaq>OM, r,ue KpaTKO H3JiaraeTC51 pa3SHTHe TeopeTl1'-IeCKOH MhICJil1 S nOJihCKOH Cl1HTaKCl1YeCKOH HayKe20
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Kyp11JIOSHYa ,UO nocJie,UHl1X «CHHTeTl1'-!eCKl1X on11caHl1H)) nOJihCKOro Cl1HTaKCHCa s pa6oTaX P. f)KeropY11KOSOH peYeSa51 npaKTHKa JIIO,UeH Hel13MeHHO OTpa)KaJia 6ypttble COUHaJihHO-nOJIHTHYeCKl1e npouecChl, HO H «513hIK TaK)Ke 6hIJI 0,UHHM 113 q>aKTopos, BJIHSISWHM Ha 3TH npoueCChl)) - C.196), a SO-STOpblX, Ha pa3Sl1THH
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0rKpblsaeTC51 :na 1.faCTh MOHorpacp11H pe,uaKTopcKHM TeOpeTHlfeCKHM scTyn JieHHeM, S KOTOpOM KpaTKO xapaKTepH3yeTC51 CHCTeMa sapHaHTOS (odmian) no JihCKOro 513h1Ka - cpyHKU110HaJihHhlX CTl1JieH Jil1TeparypHoro Sl3bJKa, pa3rosopHOH peYH, )KaproHOS (COUHOJieKTos) 11 TeppHTOpHaJihHhIX ,u11aneKTOS.
XapaKTep11CTHKa ,U11HaMHKH pa31Il1'-!Hb1X sapHaHTOS nOJihCKOro 513hIKa OT KpbIBaeTC51 on11caHHeM 113MeHeHl1H, npo11cwe,uw11x S pa3rosopHOH pe'-111. AsTop
rnaBhl (B. Jl106ach) npHXO,!J,HT K Bh!BO.LJ.Y o TOM, '-łTO B TT0JihCKOM .113h!Ke B 20 BeKe HMeJia MeCT0 caoero po,!l,a <OKCnaHCH.11 pa3rOBOpHOCTH)) (nOBhIWeHHe o6-pa30BaTeJihHOrO ypOBH.11, MHrpau.1u1 HaceJieHH.11, pa3BHTHe cpe,!l,CTB MaCCOBOH HH cpopMaU.HH H ,!J,0cryn K HHM WHpOKHX Mace np11sem1 K 3Ha•uneJihHOMY ys eJIHt-leHHIO ,!J,OJIH Tex TTOJUIKOB, KTO Ha HeKoeM cpe,!l,HeM ypOBHe ycaaHBaJI HOpMhl JIHTeparypHoro TTOJlhCKOro .113h!Ka, a B o6HXO,!J,HOH ccpepe TT0Jlh30BaJIC.s! 06-menOJihCKHM pa3roB0pHhlM .113hlKOM).
B rnaae, nocs.simeHHOH .113hIKY xy.LJ.o)KecTBeHHOH JIHTeparyphI (język artystycz ny) co6cTBeHHO JIHHrBHCTHtJeCKOe onHCaHHe ycrynaeT MeCTO TT03TH'-IeCK0MY H JIHTeparypoBe,!J,tJeCKOMY aHaJIH3Y, a nOH.s!THe sap1,faHTa .113hIKa, cpyHKU.HOHaJihHOro CTHllil (odmiany) CMeH.sieTC.11 TT0H.s!THeM CTHJl.11 KaK JIHTepaTypHOro HanpasJieHH.11 (HanpHMep, B pa3Hhle nepHO,!J,hl B TTOJihCKOH JIHTeparype pa3BHBalOTC.s! TaKHe HanpaBJieHH.11 H CTHJIH, KaK cou.peaJIH3M, nceB,!J,OKJiaCCHU.H3M, tteoasaHrapAH3M, C10ppeaJIH3M, «JIHHrBHCTHtJeCKHH», «HHTeJIJieKTyaJihHO-,!J,HCKYPCHBHhIH», «CHH KpeTHtJeCKHH» CTHJIH, «CTHJ!h BOeHHOro TT0JIO)KeHH.11)) H ,!l,p.). 11cTOpHKa .113h1Ka 3,!J,eCh npHBJieKyT B nepBylO Olłepe.LJ.h Ha6JI 10,!J,eHH.s! <<Ha,!J, .113hlKOBhlMH 3KcnepHMeHTaMH» B TTOJihCKOH npo3e H TT033HH. «3KcnepHMeHT B CHHTaKCH ąecKOH opramnau.11H xy.LJ.O)KeCTBeHHoro npoH3Be.LJ.eHH.si ąame scero 3aKJIIOtJaJic.si s npHMeHeHHH TeXHHKH "CHMYJihTaHH3Ma" (s TeKcTax-nOJIHJIOrax HJIH ,[I.Jl.li npe,!l,CTaBJieHHH «O,!J,HOBpeMeHHOCTH npou.ecca rosopeHH.11 H MhlWJieHH.11)) - C. 271-272). «CHHTaKCHtJeCKHH CHMYJihTaHH3M XOTh H He HMeJI WHpOKOro pacnpo CTpaHeHH.11, HO HHTepeceH KaK npHMep MO.LJ.Hq>HKau.m1 CHCTeMHOH MO,!J,eJIH npeAJIO)KeHH.11» ( C. 2 72 ).
B 70-e rr. «xy.LJ.O)KeCTBeHHa.si peBOJIIOU.H.11)) nOJihCKHX npo3aHKOB npHBeJia K «pacwHpeHHIO penepryapa CTHJIHCTHtJeCKHX sapHaHTOB; B np03e TTOSIBJI.s!eTCSI <mrpa HHTeJIJieKTyaJihHhlMH .113hIKaMH» - MHq>OJIOrHH, TTCHXOJIOrHH, HC TOpHOCOq>HH, HCKYCCTBOBe,!J,eHH.11, a TaK)Ke a,!J,MHHHCTpaTHBHhlM .113h!KOM H .113hl KOM CMI-1» (c. 274).
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90-e rr. B npo3e yTBep)K,!J,aeTC.11 TTJIIOpaJIH3M ()KaHpOBhIH, TeMaTH'łeCKHH,.MHp0B033peHąecKHH, 3CTeTH"lłeCKHH, CTHJIHCTHtJeCKHH) H csoero po,!l,a KYJihT HHTepTeKCTYaJihHOCTH ( C. 280 ), T.e. C03HaTeJihHOe .s!BHOe H He.s!BHOe U.HTHpo Bam1e, HaChILLl.eHHe TeKCTa aJIJII03H.s!MH (KaK OTp�eHHe TTOHHMamrn Toro, lJTO TBOpHMhlH TeKCT He MO)KeT He 6h1Th BKJIIOtJeHHhlM s «HHTepTeKCT)'aJihHOe npocTpaHCTBO».
Ha WHpOKOM 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHtJeCKHM cpoHe ,[\aeTC.11 OTTHCaHHe cpyHKUHO . HHpoBaHH.s! TTOJlhCKOro .s!3h!Ka B HayąHOH ccpepe (C. rai1.LJ.a). XapaKTepH CTHKa H3MeHeHHM, n p o HCIIJe,!J,IIJH e B H a y tJHhIX CTHJI.s!X (HHTeJIJieKTyaJi
h-Book Reviews
HO-KOMMYHHKaTHBHblX, Hay,-rno-nonym1pHOM, .n.11.uaKTH'łeCKOM, HayąHQ npaKTl1'łeCKOM) npe.nsap.steTC.st KpaTKHM oąepKOM pa3B11Tl1.st IlOJlbCKOH HayKH B )J.OBOeHHble 11 nocnesoeHHble .nec.stTHJieTl1.st, on11caH11eM Hay'łHblX npHHUHflOB, napa.n.HrM nocne.n.Hwx .uec.stTHJleTHH, oco6ettHOCTeii 11cTopHKO-KYJ1hrypHoro H cou11anbHOro KOHTeKCTa, B KOTOpOM pa3BHBaJOTC.st )KaHpbi ttayąHQH peą11.
Cou11on11HrBl1CTl1YeCKa.st op11ettTau11.si aBTOpOB MOHOrpa�1111 .stpKO npO.stB Jl.steTC.st B masax, r.ue aHanH3HpylOTC.st oco6eHHOCTH .st3b1Ka OOJ1HTHKl1 (51. <l>pac) H a)J.Ml1Hl1CTpaTl1BHOro .st3b!Ka
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3Tl1X peąeBblX )KaHpax eme B 60JibllleH Mepe, ąeM B HayYHblX, �YHKU110H11pOBaH11e .st3b!Ka o6ycJIOBJieHO CJIQ)l(Heih1mM KOMnJleKCOM 3KCTpaJJl1HrB11CTl1'łeCKl1X �aKTOpOB (B nepsylO oąepe.Ub nOJIHTl1YeCKHMl1, 11.ueonornąecKl1MH, 3KOHOMl1'łeCKl1M11). TToH.stTHO, 'łTO 6ypHble cou11anbHO-nOJil1THYeCKl1e npouecCbl BTOpOH nOJIOBHHbl BeKa He MOrJil1 He OTpa311TbC.st Ha oco6eHHOCT.stX .st3b1Ka CMl1 11 a)J.Ml1HHCTpaTl1BHblX .uoKyMeHTOB.
l1cTOp11ąecK11e cy.ub6bI nOJibCKOro .st3bIKa o6ycnOBHJll1 11 HeKOTOpb!e oco6eH HOCTH ero pa3B11TH.st B nepHO.U COL{HaJJH3Ma. «HOBO.st3)} B OOJJbCKOM 06- mecTBe, cy.n.si no sceMy,
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nep110.u TTHP, Kor.n.a o6pa3osanc.si cnoii napTHHHOH 610poKpaT1111, C03)1.aBweii (no.n Cl1JlbHbIM BJ111.stHl1eM COBeTCKOro «HOBO.st3a») CBOIO «CaKpanbHYIO» �pa3eonor1110, 113MeHl1JJOCb OTHOllleH11e K 06bI'łHOMY pa3rOBOpHOMY .st3bIKy: peaKQHeH Ha .st3bIK nponaraHAbl CTaJia «H06HJIHTau11.si pa3roBOpHoro CTl1JI.st, KOTOpbIH TpaKTOBanC.st KaK ecTeCTBeHHbIH .st3blK, .st3blK npaB)J.bl. .. » (c. 237)2.B
OOJibCKOH �YHKU110HanbHOH CTl1J111CTl1Ke BbI)J.eJI.stlOT oco6hlH CTHJ!b - penH rH03HblH (uepKOBHo-penHrn03HbIH), T.e. «.st3b!K, HCOOJlb3yeMblH JIIO)J.bMH B paMKaX HX peJJl1rH03HOH .ue.stTeJlbHOCTH» (c.369).
no 113BeCTHbIM np11ą11HaM MHOroo6pa3Hble peąeBbie )KaHpbi, OTHOC.stlUHeC.st K uepKOBHO-pen11rn03HOH c�epe (CB.stTOe TT11caH11e, CO'łl1HeH11.st OTUOB uepKBH, 6orocJ1y)Ke6Hbie KHHrn, MOJ111T BeHHl1Kl1, nponose.n11, 6orocnoscK11e TPYAhI, .uyxosHa.st no3311.st 11 .up.), B CoBeTCKOM Col03e He 113yąan11Cb, 11 .uaneKO He BO scex HayąHbIX 113)1.aHl1.stX no CTl1J111CTHKe Bbl)J.eJI.stJIC.st uep.KOBHO-pen11rno3Hb!H �YHKUHOHaJibHbIH CTl1Jlb. KpoMe Toro, 11MeeTc.st 11 06beKT11BHhIH �aKTop, c.uep)KHBasw11ii .n.o 113secTHOH CTeneHH 11ccne.uosaH11.st pyc11CTOB B 3TOH o6naCTl1, a HMeHHO TO, 'łTO 60Jibllla.st ąacTb 113 nepeą11cneHHblX peąeBblX )KaHpOB 06cJiy)K11Ban11cb uepKOBHOCJiaB.st.H CKHM .st3bIKOM (B OCHOBe csoeii, KaK 113BeCTHO, He pyccK11M). TeM HHTepecHeH Jl.Jl.st2 B CoseTCKOM Cmo3e Ha1-16onee pe3K0 :no (.,"fHRHCTH'!ecKoe npoTHB0CT0.!IHHe o<lrnu1-1an1,Hoił �>pa3eonornH 61,mo s1,1p=eHo B oco6oM pe'leBoM )l(aHpe - nonHTH'leCK0M aHeKJioTe.
pycHCTHKH 0Ka3bJBaeTCll 0ilbIT noJlbCKHX ll3bIK0Be)].0B, ttaKonnettHblH npH H3y'łeHHH penHfH03H0ro ll3b[Ka.
«Oco6ettHOCTblO, K0T0paH K0peHHblM o6pa30M 0TnH'łaeT penHfH03HbIH ll3bIK OT CBeTCK0ro, llBJllleTCll cneu.mpH'łeCKall pecpepeHI.J.Hll», 1-160 Ha ll3bIKe peJTHfHH fOB0pHTCll O CBepxbeCTeCTBeHHblX llBJTeHHllX, He,nocrynHblX 3Mm1pH'łeCK0MY no3HaHHlO (c.
370).
3aMeTHM, Bnp0'łeM, 'łT0 H ttepeJTHfH03Hbie TeKCTbl (cpattTac THKa, CKa30'łHblH <pOJTbKJlOp) o6JTa)].alOT TeMH )Ke pecpepeHTHbJM(,f oco6eH H0CTHMH. Ha Halli B3fJlll)]., 6onee cymeCTBeHHOH ceMHOTH'łeCKOH oco6eH- H0CTblOpenHfH03HbIX TeKCT0B 0Ka3blBaeTCll TO, 'łT0 Ha3bJBalOT caKpanbH0CTblO H 6orOB)].OXHOBeHHOCTblO. C pau,HOHaJTbHO-JlHHfBHCTH'łeCKOH T0'łKH 3peHHll 6oroB)].OXHOBeHHOCTb eCTb He 'łT0 HH0e, KaK oco6oe 0TH0Wem1e K caKpaJlbHbIM TeKCTaM nOJlb30BaTenei1 (Bepy10mHx); 0)].HH BH)].l!T B 3THX TeKCTaX HCT0'łHHKH HCTHHHoro 3HaHHll, My,npocTH, no3TH'łH0CTH, )].JTH JJ.pyrHx ceMaHTHKa CBl!TOro llHCaHHll npHHU,HnHaJlbH0 HeHC'łepnaeMa, H 0HH CTpeMllTCll 3a 6yKBaJlbHblMH 3Ha'łeHHRMH yra)].aTb HeKHe TaHHble CMbICJlbl.
l1oJJ.o6tto TOMY, KaK B pyccK0M «JTHHrB0KynbrypHoM npocTpaHCTBe» u.epK0B ttocnaBHHCKM DH6J1Hll CTana 0)].HHM 113 0CH0BHblX HCT0'łHHK0B BblC0K0ro CTHJlll, co3)].aHHbIH 51. Byi1KOM nonbCKHH TeKcT Csnoro l1HcaHHll (s K0HU.e 16 BeKa) npeBpaTHJl MH0rne ero Bblpa)KeHHll H cpopMbl B ll3blK0Bble cpeJJ.CTBa C llpKOH
CTHJlHCTH'łeCKOH OKpaCKOH.
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ll3bIK» ( C.
3 78).
H3MettettHll B penHrH03H0M crnne B paccMaTpHBaeMbIH nepH0JJ. 6bIJ1H, Bepo l!Ttto, CT0Jlb )Ke cymecTBeHHbIMH, KaK H B ll3bIKe ny6nHU,HCTH'łeCKOM H nonH TH'łeCK0M, oco6eHHO B Tex peąeBbIX )Kattpax, )].J1ll K0T0pbIX oco6o 3Ha'łHMOH 0Ka3bIBaeTCll <l>YHKU,Hll 803)].eHCTBHll Ha a,npecarn (cp. u.epK0BttylO fOMHJleTHKY H nonHTH'łecey10 arHrnu,1110 H nponarattJJ.y).
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