II epMcKaR 1-Lay1.J1-LQ5/, UlKORa
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y 1-lK'l/,UO 1-lQJl,b 1-lOU cmuRucmuKu
1
KJIAPA 3. WT AMH
(
Cmaeponollb)[ . . . ] To, ąTO ttayąttoe 3HaHHe - BHA ;::i;ttcKypca, cdiąac si:ctto BCeM. Ile pe;::i;oBasi: Ha yKa, qmnocoqmsi:, TeXHHKa B ;::i;Ba;::i;l.(aTOM BeKe HMeIOT ;::i;eno HMeHHO C Sl3h!KOM (KOMMYHHKal.(HOHHhie CHCTeMhl, 6a3hl ;::i;aHHhIX H ;::i;p.). Ha YKOBe;::i;eHHe H Sl3hIKO3HaHHe, B CBOIO oąepe;::i;h, paBHO 3aHMMaIOTCSI OTCJie)l{HBaHHeM cnoco6oB O3HaąHBaHHSI nonyąaeMOH HHq>OpMal.(HH, HO H AYT B 3TOM pa3HhIMH nyrnMH. HayKoBe;::i;eHHe aHaJIH3HpyeT H CHCTeMaTM-3HpyeT 061..l.(HM npoQecc cpopMHpOBaHHSI 3HaHHSI, B TOM ąHCJie OCHOBhIBaHCh Ha ;::i;aHHhIX MeTa;::i;ecKpHnl.(HM; JIHHrBMCTHKa, M B qacTHOCTH CTHJIHCTHKa, 3aHMMaeTCSI 3THM npol.(eCCOM H3HYTPH, onHpasi:Ch Ha CTpyKTYPHO-CHCTeMHhie CBOHCTBa S13hIKa KaK ;::i;aHHOCTh, B KOTOpOH Mhl npe6bIBaeM, B TOM ąHCJie H ocyl..l.(eCTBJISISI HayąHoe TBopąecTBO. [ ... ]
B paMKax COBpeMeHHOM HHq>OpMal.(HOHHOH l.(HBHJIH3al.{HH onpe;::i;ensi:eTCSI B
KaąecTBe HaH6onee 3HaąHMOH HH<pOpMal.(HOHHaSI KapTHHa MHpa, KOTopaH paccMaTpHBaeTCSI KaK 3HaKOBO-CHMBOJIHqecKoe ero npe;::i;cTaBJieHHe, KOTOp oe cpopMHpyeTCSI B npouecce CO3,!l;aHHSI HH<pOpMal.(HOHHOH KYJihTYPhl COBpe MeHHOro ąenoBeKa. B TaKOM CHTyaQHH ucc11eooea1tUe Jl3bZ1W HayKu Bbzxooum Ha nepebzu nnaH. Hecnyąaii:Ho K.P. Ilonnep cą0:Tan, ąTo H3hIK, q>opMy nttpoBaHHe npo6neM, noHBJieHHe npo6JieMHhIX CHTyal.(HH, KOHKyp11pyIOl..l.(HeGraTblł JłBJIJ!eTCJł nepeneąaTKOH B COKpallleHHOM BHJ].e (COKpallleHHJł noMe'łeHbl MHOr OTO'łHeM B CK06Kax) ny6JIHKaum1 aeTopa «KynbTypttoe J].OCTOSIHHe PocCHH: TiepMCKaJł Ha yąHaJł lllKOJia QlYHKUHOHaJibHOH CTHJIHCTHKH» e c6opHHKe «CTepeOTHnHOCTb li TBOp'łeCT BO e TeKCTe» (peJJ.. M.TI. KoT10poea). Bbm.
7.
TiepMb,2004.
Stylistyka XIV
TeopHH, KpHTHKa B npou.ecce )J.HCKyCCHH - BCe :no Heo6XO)J.HMbie cpe)J.CTBa «pOCTa HayKH». [ . . . ]
EcnH npoaHanH3HpOBaTb Hay,rny10 CHTyau.mo B nHHrBHCTHKe, TO , no BH)J.HMOMY, MO)ł<H O Ha6nIO)J.aTb, '-!TO KaK He'-!TO HepyWHMOe npHCYTCTByeT 3HaHHe H MHeHHe HeKOTOpb!X Hay'-!Hb!X C006ll.\eCTB, 6e3 KOTOpbIX He pew aIOTCH )J.ena B ryMaHHTapHblX OTpacnHX 3HaHHH. ECTb TaKHe C006ll.\eCTBa B MocKBe, CaHKT-TieTep6ypre, HO, caMoe Ba)ł<HOe, BbipocnH H yTBepJJ.HnHch Hay'-!Hble lllKOilbl H HanpaBneHHH B npocTpaHCTBe BCeH PoCCHH.
B
nepByIO oqepe)lb 3)leCb Ha,n:o Ha3BaTb y'-leHbIX TiepMCKOH lllKOilbl cpyHKU.110 HanhHOH CTHnHCTHKH, nHHrBHCTHKH 11 CTHnHCTHKH B CapaTOBe. H MeHHO B pa6oTaX 3THX lllKOn npocne)l(HBaeTCH «nonO)l(HTenbHaH 3BpHCTHKa»: TeopeTH'-!eCKaH H arpy)KeHH OCTb 3MnHpH'-!eCKHX cpaKTOB, BHHM aHHe KaK K CTPYKType Hay'-IHOro 3HaHHH, TaK H K ero pa3BHTHIO. [ . . . ]TIOHHTb HayKy B KOHTeKCTe KynhTYPbl CTpeMHilHCb MHOrHe y'-!eHble
XX
BeKa. K CO)l(aneHHIO, HayKOBe,n:eHHe, q>Hnocoq>HH HayKH - oco6eHHO :no KacaeTCH r y M a HHTapHoro 3HaHHH - B H a llleH CTp a H e He nony'-IHnH CHCTeMaTHtłeCKoro pa3BHTHH. Oco6eHHO 06011,n:eHhl BHHMaHHeM Hay'-!Hble lllKOilbl, He HaXO,ZI:Hll.\HeCH B npH3HaHHblX HayqHblX u.eHTpax - MoCKBe, JleHHHrpa,n:e (HbIHe CaHKT-TieTep6ypre). ,ll.yMaeTcH, ceiiqac caMoe BpeMH npHCTanbHO B3rJUIHYTb Ha ,ZI:OCTH)l(eHHH Tex HayqHblX KonneKTHBOB, K0T0pble npH3HaHbl BO BCeM MHpe, 3a,n:aIOT TOH .n:pyrHM HayqHblM C006ll.\eCTBaM, HO OCTalOTCH B TeHH - no npHt.jHHe TeppHTOpHanbHOH nepmpep1rn, a Be,ZI:b HMeHHO OHH «Ha M eCTax» TO)l(e cpopMHPYIOT TO e,n:HHOe MeHTanh HOe n p o c Tp a H C TB O , B K OT O p O M O C y ll.\ eCTBil H IOT C B O IO p a 6 o Ty B Y 3 bl , HayąHO-HCcne,n:oBaTenbCKHe y'-!pe)l(,ZI:eHHH, lllKOilbl - no HX yqe6HHKaM y'-!aTCH HalllH CTy,n:eHTbl H WKOilbHHKH. [ . . . ]( . • . ] roBopH o nepBooąepe)lHbIX 3a,n:aąax HayKoBe,n:emrn,
T.
KyH HacTa HBaeT He TOnbKO Ha CHCTeMHOM no,n:xo,n:e K 3HaHHIO, BBO,ZI:H noHHTHH HOpMa ilbHOH H peBOnIOU.HOHHOH napa,n:HrM, HO H Ha H3y'-leHHH HayąHoro C006ll.\ ecTBa KaK CTpYKTYPHOH e,n:HHHU.hI B opraHH3aU.HH Hay'-!HOH ,n:eHTenh HOCTH, [ . . . ]. Hayqttoe 3HaHHe, TTO)l06Ho H3bIKY, no CBOeH BHyTpeHHeH cyTH HBnHeTCH mrn o6ll.\HM c6oucm6oM 2pynnb1,Wlu HU'leM 6oo6uw (KypcHB Halll. - K.lll.).
B
3TOM nnaHe KaK pa3 HHTepeceH cpeHOMeH TiepMCKOH HayąHOH lllKOilbl 4>YHK�HOHaJibHOH CTHJIHCTHKH. TiepMCKaH WKona CTHilHCTHKH, KaK npHHHTO roBOpHTb o HeH B Hay'-IHOM C006ll.\eCTBe, npe,n:cTaBnHeT co6oi1 BnonHe ccp opMHpOBaBWHHCH H B TO )l(e BpeMH pa3BHBalOll.\HHCH BO BpeMeHH H np O CTpa HCTBe HayqH bl H TeKCT (B WHpOK O M , ceMHOTHqecKOM CMbICne).IlepMCKQR HGY'IHQR UI.KOJIG </JyHKl,{UOHaJlbHOU cmUJIUCmUKU KJIAPA 3. WTAl1H
KmoąeBaH qrn:rypa B cpopMHpOBaHHH 3TOro TeKCTa - Jl:OKTOp <pHJIOJIO rH'łeCKHX HayK npocpeccop M.H. KmKHHa. Xopowo H3BeCTHbI HMeHa MHOrHX 3Ha'łHMbIX ąneHOB 3TOro yHHKaTTbHoro C006ll\eCTBa npocpeccopoB: M.TI . KoTropoBoH H E.A. Ea)l(eHOBOH , B.A. CanHMOBcKoro, a TaK)l(e JI.M. Jlann, H.B. ,[(aHHJieBCKOH H ,np. B rnHpOKOM Hcnonh30BaHHH y yąeHbIX pa6oThI M.H. KO)l(HHOH no crnJIHCTHKe (B TOM ,rncne MOHorpacpHH, yąe6HHKH H yąe6Hble noco6HH), B KOTOpb!X 3a,naHbl OCHOBHble no3HQHH H3yąeHHH 3TOH Jl:HCQHnJIHHbl, paCCMOTpeHO OTHOllleHHe ee K ,npyrHM o6rraCTHM JIHHrBHCTH'łeCKOro JHaHHH, pa3pa6oTaHbl MeTo,nonorHH, TepMHHOJIOrH'łeCKHH annapaT, Bb!KpHCTaJIJIH30BaJIHCh anpHOpHbl e CTaH,napTbl HayąHOCTH H nOChIJIKH K HenpepbIBHOMy KYMYJIHTHBHOMY pOCTY HayąHoro 3HaHHH, BblpHCOBbIBaeTCH MO,nenb HayąHoro pa3BHTHH. [ ... ]
[ ... ] B paMKax COBpeMeHHOH TeOpHH peąeBe,neHHH, KOTOpaH B6HpaeT B ce6H H cpyHKQHOHaJibHYlO CTHJIHCTHKY, no,nxo,n IlepMCKOH lllKOJibl B OT,neJibHblX nyHKTax HanoMHHaeT «o6paTHbIH» xo,n <l>occnepa, HaMeąaeMhIH HM ell\e B JIHHrBHCTHKe ttaąana XX BeKa . TolibKO 3TO y)l(e BeChMa BbIBepeHHbIH Ha OCHOBe nocne,noBaTeJibHOro npHMeHeHHH 061.I..\ero KpHTepHH peąeBOH CHCTeMHOCTH B3BerneHHblH no,nxo.n, YTO'łHeHHbIH Ha OCHOBe HepapXHH KpHTepHeB: 3KCTpanHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX, co6CTBeHHO JIHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX, cpyHKQHOHaJibHO-CTHJIHCTH'łeCKHX, COQHO- H ncHXOJIHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX. [ . . . ]
IlepMCKaH lllKOJia CTHJIHCTHKH OTJIH'łaeTCH na6HJibHbIM no,nxo,noM K paccMOTpeHHIO npo6neM peąeBe,neHHH, npH 3TOM B QeHTPe BHHMaHHH -TeKCT ' a CTHJIHCTHKa CTaHOBHTCH OJl:HOH H3 COCTaBJIHlOI.l\HX 60JihlllOH npo6neMaTHKH, CBH3aHHOH C TeOpHHMH Jl:HCKypca, peąeBblX )l(aHpOB, KOMMYHHKaQHH. lif MeHHO BeCb 3TOT KOMnJieKC TeopHH cnoco6cTBOBaJI BOCXO)l(,neHHlO nepMCKHX yąeHblX K HCCJie,n.oBaHHHM B o6naCTH H3bIKa HayKH H HayąHoro CTHJIH, KOTOpbie KOppenHpyIOTCH C cpyH,naMeHTaJibHbIMH <pHJIOCO<pCKHMH H,neHMH o HayKe Kal< O,[I.HOH HJ Bb!ClllHX QeHHOCTeH COBpeMeHHOH HH<pOpMaQHOHHOH QHBHJIH3aQHH B npoQecce 06ll\ero pa3BHTHH KYJibTYPbl.
IlepMCKaH lllKOJia npHrnna K Hay'łHOMY CTHJIJO OT H3b!Ka, OCHOBbIBaHCb Ha 3KCTPaJIHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX cpaKTOpax, <pHJIOCO<pHH - OT HayKH K H3bIKY H CTHJIJO HayąHoro MbllllJieHHH. B KaKHX-TO CYI.l\HOCTHblX TO'łKax H,D.eH KOppenHpyIOT, 'łTO HBJIHeTCH ,nonoJIHHTeJibHbIM cpe,nCTBOM npoBepKH npaBHJibHOCTH HayąHOH TeOpHH (c o6eHX CTOpOH). Cełiąac IlepMCKaH «CTHJIHCTHKa» ,neMOHCTPHpyeT, no HallleMy MHeHHlO, TOT Me)l(,D.yHapo,nHblH ypoBeHb pa3BHTHH peąeBe,D.eHHH, KOTOpbIH npHXO,[I.HTCH Y'łHTbIBaTb
Stylistyka XIV
3ana,nHOH JIHHrBHCTm<e. IIepMCKaH llIKOJia MO)l{eT 6bITb npe,ncTaBJieHa KaK M H O r o o 6 p a 3 H e K O H QenI..( H H , H,np o M K O T 0 p blX HBJI H eTCH n p o ą H a H Teopen-1ąecKaH Tpa,nHQHSl. '.:ha Tpa,nHQHSl ąacTH'iH0 nepeKpbIBaeTCSl o6ll.(HM TT0HHTHeM «pOCCHHCKaH CTHJIHCTHKa», H 6orree K0HKpeTHbIM - <<HayąttaSI llIKona M.H. Ko)l{HHOH». KmoąeBbie en o Ba ,naHHoił llIKOJib1: «H3bIK», «peąh», «CTHJIHCTHKa», «CTHJib», «cpyHKl..(HOHaJibHblH CTHJlb» , «Hay'iHblH CTHJib», «peąeBe,neHHe», «peąeBaSI CHCTeMH0CTb», «TeKCT», «,nHaJI0Hl'iH0CTb», «rHn0TeTH'iHOCTb», «3KCTpaJIHHfBHCTH'ieCKHe cpaKTOpbI», «)l{aHpOBblH CTHJib», «,neHTeJihHOCTHaH K0HQenQHH Sl3b!Ka» H ,np.
YąeHbie 3TOH llIKOJibI co3,nanH oco6yIO CTHJIHCTH'iecKyro Texm1Ky attaJIH3a H a y 'i H O r o TeK C T a , o 6 e c n e 'i H B a IO ll.( Y IO JI0 f H 'i e C K Y IO CTp O H H 0 CTb paccy)l{_neHHH, ycTaHOBKY Ha Me)l{,nHCQHnJIHHapHbie HCCJie,noBaHHSl npH CTpOf0M KOHTpOJie co CTOp0Hbl JIHHrBHCTHKH. [ . . . ] OTCYTCTBHe 3KJieKTHKH, TaK xapaKTepHOH .II)Uł HayKH 300XH n0CTMO,nepHa, 3,necb 06"bHCHHeTCSl TeM, 'iT0 H,npo ,n H H a M H 'i e C K o r o n p o Qe c c a H CCJie,no B a H H H B IT ep M H -opHrHHaJibHaH TeopHH M.H. KO)l{HHOH, KOTopaH n0CT0HHH0 pa3BHBaeTCH B ,nHanore C Te0pHHMH yąeHHKOB H nocne,noBaTeneH. B Ka'ieCTBe Hay'iHOH TeMbl MH KOHKpeTHoro HCCJie,noBaHHSl cpyHKQHOHaJibHblX CTHJieH 6hIJI H36paH Hay'iHbIH CTHJib, n o K 0T0 p 0 M Y Bbinyll.(eHa K0JIJieKTHB H a H MOHOrp a cp H Sl , 0 6 0 6 ll.(aIO ll.(aSl ąa cTHbi e ( H o 6 ll.(H e O,nH O B p e M e H H O ) HCCJie,D;OBaHHH, H pH.n; MOHOrpacpHH, pa3BHBaIOll.(HX HayąHyIO nporpaMMY MaprapHThI Ko)l{HHOH.
Hay'iHbie HHTepeCbl npe,ncTaBHTeJieH ITepMCKOH IllKOJibl cocpe,n;0TO'ieHbl Ha npo6neMax peąeBe,n;eHHH, H B ąacTHOCTH CTHJIHCTHKH, K0TOpaH, KaK H3BeCTH0, nepe)l{HBana B 50-60-e ro,nbI CBOe BT0poe pO)l{,D;eHHe, ocpopMJISlHCb B HayąHyIO ,nHCl..(HOJIHHY Ha HOBOH - cpyHKQHOHaJibHOH - OCHOBe, XOTSl ell.(e He 6hIJIH ,D;OCTaT0'iHO onpe,nerreHbl HH npe,nMeT 3TOH HayKH, HH 0CH0BHbie ee nOHHTHH H KaTeropHH, HH MeTO,D;bl. Om1pa.s!Cb Ha 0Te'ieCTBeHHYIO Tpa,D;Hl.(HlO, B TOM 'iHCJie Ha H,D;eH B.B. BHHOrpa,noBa, r.o. BHHOKypa, JI.B. Il\ep6bI H ,npyrHX BbI,D;aIOll.(HXCH yąeHbIX, M.H. KO)l{HHa CTpeMHJiaCb o6ocHOBaTb cpyHKQHOHaJibHbie npHHQH0bl CTHJIHCTHKH, [ . . . ]
HayąHaH nporpaMMa M.H. Ko)KHHOH
roBop.si 06 HCT0ąHHKe aBTOPHTeTa B HayKe, T. KyH HMeeT B BH,ny' K0HeąHo )l{e, cepbe3Hble HCCJie,D;0BaHHSl, MOHOrpacpHH, a TaK)l{e, H rnaBHblM o6pa30M, yąe6HHKH no pa3JIH'iHblM o6rraCTSlM 3HaHHSl H nonynHpHbie <pHJIOCO<pCKHe
llepMCKOJI_ Hayl.{HOJI_ Ul.KOJ/a (/JyHKLf-UOH(1JlbHOU CmWIUCmUKU
KJIAPA 3. WTAl1H
pa60Tbl, OCHOBbIBa10m»ecsi Ha HHX. U:enb yqe6HHKOB - B o6y'-łeHHH cnoBapIO H CHHTaKCHCY COBpeMeHHOro Hay'-łHOro Sl3bIKa, C'-łHTaeT OH. <l>ttnocoqrnsi )l(e HayKH aHanH3HpyeT norw1ecKy10 CTPYKTYPY Hay'-łHoro 3HaHHSI. [ . . . ]
HanH'-łHe TeMaTH'-łeCKOH KOMTIOHeHTbl B o6meił CQ)epe 3HaHHSI, [ . . . ] Bn»caHHOCTh B CBSl3HYIO CTpYKTYPY tt.n;eił CBoero BpeMeHH H o.n;HoBpeMeHHO npeBbillleHHe ee - npH3HaKH rapMOHH'-łHO H KpaCHBO pa3BHBa10me11cS1 Hay'-ł HOH TeOpHH.
A.
TiyaHKape, 33HHMaBWHHCSI OCMbICITeHHeM Hay'-łHOfO 3HaHHSI, He pa3 ocrnHaBn»Bancsi Ha 3TOH npo6neMe (TiyaHKape 1 990:385). B
pa6ornx nepMCKHX y'-łeHbIX nopa)l(aeT KaK pa3 rapMOHH'-łeCKaSI ypaBHOBeweHHOCTb TeopeTH'-łeCKHX H npHKna,/l;HbIX acneKTOB CTl1ITl1CTHKH , B3aJ1 M O,ll;O nonHHTenbHOCTb CHHXpOHH'-łeCKHX H .n;»axpOHH'-łeCKHX ycTaHOBOK B HCCne,11;0BaHHH, cornacoBaHHOCTb B HCCne,11;0BaHHH pa3ITH'-łHbIX acneKTOB Hay'-łHOrO CTHJISI , rapMOHH'-łHOCTb B nocTpOeHHH 3JieMeHTOB TeKCTa O H a y '-ł H O M TeKCTe. 3TO M Y cnoco6cTBOBana, HeC O M H e H H O , H a y '-ł H a SI nporpaMMa M.H. Ko)l(HHOH, ocHoBaHHasi H a rny6oKOM TeMaTH'-łeCKOM aHaITH3e JIHHrBHCTH'-łeCKOfO 3HaHHSI. [ . . . ]B cTaTbe, nocBS1mettH011 60-neTHIO co AHSI po)l(,11;eHHS1 M.H. Ko)l(HH011, KOJIJierH H y'-łeHHKH onpe,11;enS1IOT OCHOBHhie pe3yITbTaTbl ee Hccne,11;0BaHHl1, KOTOpbie H MeIO T nporp a M M H bIH xap aKTep ,ll;ITSI nep M C K O H lliKOJibl CTHJIHCTHKH:
((- onpe,11;erreHHe 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTH'-łeCKOl1 OCHOBbl q>yHKQHOHaITbHblX CTHne11, B KOTOpOH 6a30Bb!MH H33blB3IOTCSI Q)OpMa o6mecTBeHHOro C03HaHHSI (nOCKOITbKY Sl3b!K - ,11;eHCTBHTeIThHOe C03HaHHe, ,11;eHCTBHTenbHOCTb MbICITH) H COOTBeTCTBy10m»11 eił BHA .n;esiTeIThHOCTH, THil (H q>OpMa) MblllIITeHHSI, QeJIH H 3a,11;a'-łH o6meHHSI B 3TOH cq>epe;
- B bl SI B IT e H H e B a )l( H e H lliH X c n e Q H q> H '-ł e C K H X qepT H 3 y '-ł a e M bI X <PYHKQHOHaJihHbIX pa3HOBH,ll;HOCTel1 pe'-łH;
- onpe.n;eneHHe OCHOBHhlX 33KOHOMepHOCTeH <PYHKQHOHHpOBaHHSI Sl 3 bI K O B bI X cp e,ll;CTB ( o c o 6 e H H O r p a M M a T H '-ł eCK H X ) , B TOM '-ł H C n e CTHJIOCTaTHCTH'-łeCKHX, norry'-łeHHbIX B pe3ynhTaTe aHaITH3a o6ll1HpHoro MaTepttarra peanbHOH Sl3b!KOBOl1 Aei:ICTBHTeJibHOCTH;
- Bbl,ll;BH)l(eHHe » o60CHOBaHHe IlOHSITHSI pel.{eBOU cucmeMHOCmu CTHITSI KaK CHCTeMbl q>yHKQHOHanbHOH, OTHIO,ll;b He SIBITSIIOmeHCSI (H He orpaHH '-łHBa10me11csi) «HCTIOITHeHHeM», peanH33QHeH CTpOS! Sl3bIKa (CHCTeMbl Sl3bIKa, TOJIKyeMOH B acneKTe CTPYKTypanbHOfO Sl3bIK03HaHHS1), npHHQHilOM opraHH3aQHH KOTOpOH OKa3bIBaIOTCSI KOMMYHHKaTHBHbie 3a,11;a'-łH o6meHHSI, KOHKpeTHhie }J.JISI Ka)l(,11;011 CQ)ephI;
Stylistyka XIV
- pa3pa6oTKa MeT0AMKH npHMeHeHHH CTaTMCTHKH AJIH H3y'-!eHHH B03AeHCTBMH Ha xapaKTep pe'-IH Toro HJIM HH0ro K0HKpeTH0r0 H3 PHAa AeHCTBYIOll.J,HX 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTH'-leCKHX cpaKTOpOB . . . » ( «<l>HJIOJIOrH'-!eCKHe HayKH»
1 985: 95).
BhHrnneHHbie
M.H.
KmKHHOH 3aKoH0MepttocT11 cpyHKU,HOHHposaHHH H3blK0BbIX eAHHHU, H cneu,mtm'-leCKHe qepTbl CTHJieH 6binH 3aTeM npoBepeHbl H TT0ATBep)l(AeHbl MH0rHMH y'-leHblMH Ha H0B0M MaTepHane B npou,ecce paCCMOTpeHHH cpyHKU,HOHHpOBaHMH pa3JIM'-1Hb!X H3b!K0BblX cpeACTB. [ . . . ]CTMJih Hay'-!Horo MhmrneHHH
M.H.
Ko)l(HHOH M0)l(H0 oTHeCTH K CHHTeTH'-leCK0MY' noBeAeH'-leCKHH CTHJib - CHJibH0ro JIHAepa . EH CBOH CTBeHHbl HHTerpaTHBHbIH TT0AX0A K HBJieHHHM H3bIKa, CMeJibie npeA n0JI0)l(eHHH, '-!eTKHe AecpHHHU,HH, n0MCKH onTHMaJibHbIX peweHHH B np0TH B 0 p e '-I H B hl X CHTyau,HHX . IT O A CTaTb e ił ee y '-leHHKH H eAHHOMbIWJieHHHKH , Ka)l(AbIH H3 K0T0pbIX - 3 Ha'-!HMaH JIH'-IH0CTb B COBpeMeHHOH JIHHrBHCTHKe. rnaBHOe, '-!TO M.H. KO)l(HHa yMeeT o6'heAHHHTb JIIOAeH B Hay'-IHhIH xonneKTHB, ee AeHCTBHH xapaxTepH3 YIOTCH cn oco6HOCThIO Bbl3bIBaTb cornacHe, HaHJIY'-IWHM o6pa30M pa3pewaTb np-0THB0pe'-IHBbie CHTyau,1111. no cyTH Aena He60JibWOH (H npeHMyru,eCTBeHH0 )l(eHCKHH!) K0JIJieKTHB 0Ka3aJICH cnoco6Hb!M (npH nonHcpOHHH MHeHHH) 06-'beAHHMTbCH JJ.JIH peweHHH TPYAHbIX 3a,z:i:aq COBpeMeHHOH JIHHrBHCTHKH. EA HHCTB0 AeHCTBHH 3TOH cornacoBaHHOH K0MaHAbl np0HBJIHeTCH, B nepByIO 0'-1-epeAh, s TOM, '-!TO 0Ha MHoronnaH0B0, MH0r0CT0p0HHe o6'heAHHeHHbIMH yc HJIHHMH 113yqaeT eAHHYIO CJIO)l(HenwyIO npo6neMy - HCCJieAyeT H3b!K HayKH, no xapaKTepy, MaHepaM, cmumo pa6ombz npu6Jlu:>1eaRcb K llY'łUlUM 11u H2eucmu'łeCKUM 061,eouHeHURM, 6 pa3H0e epeMR qJYHKl,fUOHUpoeaBUlUMy
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BeKa, M. <l>yKo 0TMe'-!aeT, '-!TO cne,n:yeT pa3JIM'-laTb .n:sa THna Mo,n:enen, HCTI0Jih3yeMblX ryMaHHTapHblMH Ha yKaMM:3T0 nepeHeceHHe MOAeJieH H3 ApyrHX o6nacTeH 3HaHHH H 0CH0B0-nonaraIOru,He M0)].eJIH, K0T0pbie n03B0JIHIOT o6pa3oBaTb aHCaM6JIH HBJieHHH H o6'heKTOB B03M0)1(H0f0 n03HaHHH. OHM 6hinH 3aHMCTB0BaHbl xax pa3 113 Tpex o6nacTeH - 611onor1111, 3K0H0MHKH, aHan113a H3hIKa [ . . . ].
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K0T0pbie Jle)l(aT B 0CH0Be C0BpeMeHH0r0 peąeBe;::i:emrn:. TeM 6orree '.HO HHTepecHO, ecrr11 yąecTb TOT B3rm1,n;, no K0T0p0MY 113yąeH11e Al1CKypC11BHbIX npaKTl1K Ha 3ana;::i:e l1 cpyHKQHOHaIThHbIX CTHITeH C0CTaBJl51IOT 51BHYIO KopperrHQHIO. 06 3T0M n11carr IO.C. CTenaHOB B cTaThe H3MeHl/U8bZU «o6pG3 fl3bZKa» 8 HayKe XX 8eKa: «TepMHH ,n:11cKypc . . . Haąarr urnpoKo ynoTpe6rrHThC51 B Haąarr� 1970-x rr. nepBOHaąaJibH0 B 3HaąeHl111 6ITl13KOM K TOMY, B K3K0M B pyCCKOH Jll1HrBHCTHKe 6bITOBaJI TepMHH «cpyHKQHOH3JlbHbIH CTHJlb» (peą11 HJIH 513b!Ka). Ilp11ą11Ha T0ro, ąT0 np11 )l(HB0M TepMHHe «cpyHKQHOHaJibHbIH CTHJlb» n0Tpe60Barrc51 ;::i:pyroH - «,ll;HCKypc», 33KJII01łarracb B oco6eHHOCT51X H8QH0H3JlhHbIX JIHHrBHCTH4eCKHX WK0JI, a He B npe;::i:MeTe. B TO BpeM51 KaK B pyccKOH Tp3A11Ql1l1 (oco6eHHO yKpenHBllleHC51 B 3T0M 0TH0llleHHH C Tpy;::i:aMH aKa;::i:. B.B. B11Horpa;::i:0Ba H
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'I
Stylistyka XIV
l1Mpe naKaToc. H ccne.uos aTenbcKaSł nporpaMMa «BKn10 •r n eT B ce6Sł KOHBettu;110HaJibHO np11HSłTOe (11 n03TOMY «tteonposep)l(11MOe», cornactto 3apattee 1136p a tt H O M Y p ew ett1110) «)l(eCTKOe Sł,Upo» 11 « n 0 311Tl1BHYłO 3Bp11cT11Ky», KOTopaSł onpe,uenSłeT npo6neMbJ .UJISł 11ccne,uo s a mrn [ . . . ] (naKaTOC
200 1 : 47 1 ).
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IT o 3 tt a B a T e Ji b H O - K O M M YHl1 K 8 T H B H O e n o n e B C T a T H K e n o .u.ua e T C Sł pac'łnetteHl1lO H a CMbICJIOBble K O M ilOHeHTbl , o 6 y cnOBJieHHbie cy6be KTOM-aBTOpOM (B e,UHHCTBe cou;HaJibHOfO 11 11H,UHBH.UY8JibHOro ), o6beKTOM (B e,UHHCTB e OHTOJIOfH'łeCKOrO, aKCHOJIOfH'łeCKoro H MeTO.UOJIOrH'łeCKOrO acneKTOB 3HaH11Sł) 11 cy6beKTOM-a,upecaTOM H 3KCilJil1LI;11pOBaHHbie B TeKCTe.
Ha3BaHHhie KOMilOHeHTbl npOSłBJISłlOTCSł B TeKCTe He H30JIHpOBaHHO - OHl1 B3aHMo,uei1cTBYIOT .upyr c ,upyroM B 061.LI;eH CHCTeMe Ka)l(.uoro TeKcTa. Hx pa3,UeJihHOe paCCMOTpett11e SłBJISłeTCSł Jll1lllb 11ccne,uoBaTeJibCKHM npHeMOM. IT o 3 tt a B aTeJibHO - K O M M YHl1KaTHBHOe n o rr e B .UHHa M11 K e B K JIIO'ła e T KOHCTpyHpOBattHe HOBOro 3H8Hl1Sł nocpe,UCTBOM B3811 MO,UeHCTBl1Sł cy6beKTa 11 o6beKTa - OT He3HaHl1Sł K 3HaHHłO -qepe3 KOHu;ettTpaLI;l1łO H qiopMyn11pOBKY npo6rreMbl, Bbl,uBl1)1(eH11e r11n0Te3bl, ee HHTepnpeTau;1110 11 .UOKa3aTeJibCTBO (XOTSł 6 hI H H enorrttoe, 'ł 8CTH'łHOe), a TaK)l(e BKJIIO 'łaeT B blpa)l(ett11 e y c T a H O B K l1 aBTO p a Ha y c n e w HyłO K O M M yH11 K a u; 11 10 C 'ł HTaTerr e M (cy6beKT-cy6beKTHblX OTHOllleH11M) B cqiepe ttay'łHOH ,UeSłTeJibHOCTl1, 11CXOM
IlepMCKQf/. HaytJHQf/. WK0Jla cjJyHKtfUOHa.JlbHOU CmUJlUCmUKU KJ!APA 3. WTAl1H
m pactJeTa o6ecnelłHT npaBHTihHOe BocnpHS!THe aĘ>eCaToM mnaraeMoro 3HaHHSI» (KonopoBa
1988: 146). [ .. . ]
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KP.
ITonnepy, ero pocT. :UeHTpanhHOH npo6neMOH TeopHH n03HaHHSI Bcer.n:a 6brna H OCTaeTCSI npo6neMa pocTa 3HaHHSI, TO eCTb HenpepbIBHOro pocTa H pa3BHTHSI. ITepe,n: yąeHbIMH CTOHT npo6neMa - C03,n:aTh Teopmo, cnoco6Hyl0 06bSICHHTb H npe)l(HHe cpaKTbl H HOBbie [ . . . ].M.H.
KmKHHOM 6blna BhI,n:BHHYTa H,n:esi o I..(enecoo6pa3HOCTH BhI,ll.eneHHSI oco6b!X cpyHKI..J.HOHanbHbIX ceMaHTHKO-CTHTIHCTHlłeCKHX KaTeropHM (<PCC K ) , on11caHHhlX npHMe HHTenhHO K HaytJHOU petJu.[ . . . ] H [ . . . ] HHTep,n:HCI..J.Hil TI HHapHbIH no,n:xo.n:, OCHOBaHHbIH H a npHMeHeHHH K0MnJleKCHblX Memo008 [ . .. ] «K TOMY )Ke 3,n:eCb Tenepb HMeeTCSI H OCHOBaTenhHaSI 6a3a B BH,ll.e CMe)l(HbIX .D:HCI..J.HTTTIHH - ncHxonorHH Il03HaHJrn H TBOplłeCTBa, ttayKOBe,n:eHHSI, nCHXOTIOfHH o6meHHSI , TIHHfBOCOI..J.HO ncHXOTIOrHH H ,n:p.» (KO)KHHa, KonopoBa1997: 157).
HToroM MHOroneTHeM ,n:eSITenhHOCTH KonneKTHBa nepMCKHX yąeHbIX SIBHTIOCb TpeXTOMHOe H3,n:aHH ( O1.JepKU ucmopuu HaytJH020 cmUJl.fl pycCK020 !lumepamypH020 R3b1Ka
XVIII-XX
88. )( 1994, 1996, 1998)[ .. . ]
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Ko)KHHOM, TaK KaK HMeHH0 ee «nporpaMMa» 6hrna TOM B npe,n:cKa3aHHH 3HalłHMOCTH cpyHKU.HOHanbHOH CTHTIHCTHKH, K0TOpasi nopo,n:Hna o6urnpHbIH HaylłHbIH «TeKCT», CBSl3aHHbIH C H3ylłeHHeM cpyHKU.HOHanbHbIX CTHneM C0BpeMeHHoro pyccKoro Sl3bIKa, H B lłaCTHOCTH Hayąttoro CTHTISI. Oco6eHHOCTblO TTO,ll.XO,n:a CTan 3,1].eCb no,n:XO,ll. HCTOpH tJeCKHH, HO cpyHKI..J.HOHanbHbIH no,n:xo,n: HCTTOTih30Bancsi: HeH3MeHHO. [ ... ]KaK y)Ke roBopHnocb, o,n:Ho H3 HaH6onee si:pKHX ,n:ocTH)l(eHHM ITepMCKOM llIKOTibl - xapaKTepHCTHKa TeKCT0BblX KaTeropHH B cpyHKU.HOHanbHO CTHneBOM acneKTe npHMeHHTenbHO K HaylłHOH ccpepe o6meHHSI. BnepBbie 6blna MHOf0CTOp0HHe 0ilHCaHa ceMaHTHKO-CTHTIHCTHlłeCKaH KaTeropHH rHnOTeTHlłH0CTH B pyccKHX ttaylłHbIX TeKCTaX . .5IBnHHCb TeKCT006pa3y10meA HMeHHO B HaytJHOH ccpepe o6meHHH, 0Ha 3KCilTIHU.HTH0 npOSIBnSleT ce6si: B pa3nHtJHblX 0Tpacnsi:x 3HaHHH H )Kattpax HaylłHOH TIHTepaTyphl. 3To o6ycnoBneHo 3HatJHM0CTblO rHnOTe3bl Ha pa3HblX 3Tanax ttaylłH0-n03HaBaTenhHOH H TeKCTOBOH ,n:esi:TenbHOCTH, CBOeo6pa3HeM BbI,n:BHraeMOH rHnoTe3hl B pa3Hb!X o6naCTHX HayKH, 3a,n:aąaMH KOMMYHHKaU.HH B npOH3Be,ll.eHHHX pa3TIHlłHbIX )KaHpOB (OąepKH
1998: 187).
CymHOCTb 3TOHStylistyka XIV
K a T e r o p 11 11 p a c c MaTpI1 B a e T C H y '-ł e H bl M l1 B C B H 3 11 C n p 11 p o JJ, O H TTO3HaBaTeJibHOro npOl..\eCca B c<pepe HayK11, C MeTOJJ,8Ml1 11 q>OpMaMl1 Hay'-IHO ro TTO3H8H11H.
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B 3TOH l1HTep.n.11cQ11nn11HapHOCTl1 eCTb oco6blH QeHHOCTHblH MOMeHT -BO3MO)KHOCTb MHOfOKpaTHblX npoBepoK BblJJ,Bl1raeMblX npe.n.noJIO)KeHMH, paCCMOTPeH11e 11X B npoQecce <pyHKl..\110H11pOBaHMH B e.n.11HOM npocTpaHCTBe
-IlepMCK(l.fl łlaY'łH(l.fl UlKOJ/a <pyHKl,{UOHaJlbHOU cmwzucmUKU KJIAPA 3. WTAHH
npocTpa HCTBe cymHOCTHbIX o6beKTMBHbIX 11)],eił - B npocTpaHCTBe rMnOTeTM'-JeCKM cymecrny10mero «TpeTbero M11pa». AHaJIM3 HeKOTOpb!X 3Hal.JMMbIX KOHu.enTyaJibHbIX IlOH.!ITMH ITepMCKOH IlIKOJibl npMBeJI Hac K Bb!BOJJ.Y O TOM, l.JTO OHl1 no cymecrny KOppeJIMPYIOT co CTOJib )Ke 3HalJl1MbIMl1 11)],e.!IMM HayKOBeJJ,OB M cj>MJIOCOQ)OB HayKM: 3TO MJJ,eM M11pa 06beKTl1BHOro COJJ,ep)KaHM.!I Hayl.JHbIX 11)],eił M MX rnnoTeTl1'-IHOCTl1, 11)],el1 rapMOHl13aQl111 M KOHQenTyarrbHOro CTPYKTyp11poBaHM.!I ttayąHoro TeKCTa nocpeJJ,CTBOM IlOBTOpOB, ero JJ,MaJIOrM'-IHOCTM 11 JJ,p. 3JJ,eCb Mbl OCTaHOBMMC.!I TOJibKO Ha HeKOTOpb!X KOppeJI.!IQM.!IX, CB.!13aHHbIX C MJJ,e.!IMM rMnOTeTl1lJHOCTM, nOBTOp.!!eMOCTM, JJ,MarrorMlJHOCTM. [ . . . ]
lMilOTeTM'-JHOCTb KaK pa3 11 CB.!13aHa C Kp11Tl1'-JeCKl1M apryMeHT11pOBaHMeM 3HaHM.!I cy6beKTaMM, TaK KaK OHa .!IBJI.!leTC.!I 0)],HOH 113 cj)opM 3HaHM.!I (Hap.!!JJ.Y C TeopMeił, aKCHOMOH H JJ.p.). ABTOpbl MOHorpacj)m-1 ClJHTaIOT, lJTO 3TO OJJ,Ha H3 u.eHTpaJibHblX KaTerop11ił B HayKe, TaK KaK eił CBOHCTBeHHa cj)yHKLJ.11.!1 He TOJibKO nepBOHa'-laJibHOro TOJI'łKa K )],MHaMl1Ke Hay'łHOro MCCJieJJ,OBaHM.!I, HO 11 «pa3BMTl1e 3HaHl1.!I OT He)],OCTaTOlJHO )],OCTOBepHoro K )],OKa3aHHOMY B BMJJ,e Bb!BOJJ,a, 3aKOHa. 111IlOTe3a BbICTynaeT KaK MeTO)], Il03HaHM.!I B HayKe. OHa npeJJ,CTaBJI.!leT co6oił M MeHHO Hayl.JHOe 3HaH11e, OTJIM'-JaIOmeec.!I OT 06bIJJ,eHHOro 11 cy6beKTHBHOrO npeJJ,IlOJIO)KeHM.!I, C'-111TaIOT y'-leHbie ITepM CKOH IlIKOJibl. [ . . . ]
B HayKOBeJJ,eHMl1 BbICKa3bIBaeTC.!I MHeHMe O TOM, l.JTO B HaytJHOM Il03HaHMM .!13b!K - He npOCTO cpeJJ,CTBO KOMMYHMKaQHl1, OH .!IBJI.!leTC.!I cpeJJ,CTBOM KpMTM'-JeCKOro o6cy)KJJ,eHM.!I, )],MCKyCCMM. O6beKTMBHOCTb MCCJieJJ,OBaHM.!I onMpaeTC.!I KaK pa3 Ha KpMTMKyeMOCTb apryMeHTaQl1M. 5l3b!K CTaHOBMTC.!I cnoco6oM KpMTMlJeCKOro o6cy)f(JJ,eHM.!I. f'MnoTeTl1'-JHOCTb, npeJJ,nOJIO )Kl1TeJibHOCTb M Il03BOJI.!IIOT JJ,eJiaTb npo6JieMy OTKpbITOH, He 3aMbIKaTb ee «JIOrMKOH TBepJJ,bIX Ten», TO eCTb npeTeHJJ,OBaTb Ha MCTMHY nocneJJ,Heił 11HCTaHQMM. C onopoił Ha COOTHOilleHl1.!I CMblCJIOBblX Il03MQMH B Hayl.JHOM TeKCTe M Bbipa)KeHHOCTb B .!13bIKe (BilJIOTb )],O U.11TaQM11) paccMaTpMBaeTC.!I JJ,l1aJior11'-JHOCTb M B nepMCKOH IlOCTaHOBKe: «):(Manor11'-JHOCTb IlMCbMeHHOH HaylJHOH peąM - :no Bbipa)f(eHHOe B TeKCTe (ero opraHM3aQMM) cpeJJ,CTBaMM .!13b!Ka B3aM M OJJ,eHCTBMe 06ma10mMXC.!I B KOM MYHMKaTMBHO-Il03Ha BaTeJibHOM npou.ecce, IlOHMMaeMoe KaK COOTHOI1IeH11e JJ.BYX 11 6onee CMbICJIOBbIX Il03MU.Mił: 3TO M y'-leT Il03MQMH aJJ,pecaTa ('-IMTaTeJI.!1), M BTOporo «.!!», M B03M0)KHb!X onnoHeHTOB, - a TaK)f(e OTpa)f(eH11e B pel.JM npM3HaKOB co6CTBeHHO JJ,MaJiora. B acneKTe Jil1HrBMCTl1'-JeCKOro BOilJiomeHM.!I JJ,MaJiorM'-IHOCTM BC.!! opraHM3aQ11.!1 pe'łM (pe'łeBa.!I CMCTeMHOCTb), Bee
Stylistyka XIV
Sl3blK0Bhle cpe.n:cTBa TeKCTa peamnyIOT )J,HanorwrnocTb. O.n:ttaKO 3T0 -CaMoe llIHp0KOe Il0HHMaHHe penpe3eHTaU,HH .n:11anorH'-IH0CTH B TeKCTe. Mo)l<HO r0B0pHTb H o .n:pyroM ee «yp0BHe»: B nHChMeHHOH pelrn, n0CK0ilbKY a.n:pecaT ee H M ililHl..l,HTeH, <pOp MHpyIOTCSI cneu,11anbHble cpe.n:cTBa 11 cnoco6hI Bbipa)l(eHHSI, BbICTyna10m11e B Ka'łeCTBe oco6hIX MapKepoB .n:11anorH'łH0CTH. )].nSI tt ay'ł H O H c<pepb! 0HH 0 K a3 bI B 8 IOTCSI Ba)l(Hb! M H , o 6 ecne'ł HBaSI ABYCT0p0HH0CTb K0MMYHHKaTHBH0-Il03HaBaTenhHOH .n:eSITeJibH0CTH (11 pe'łeBoro aKTa) H a.n:eKBaTH0CTb (B 11.n:eane) HHTepnpeTaU,HH TeKCTa 'łHTaTeneM» ( O'-łepKU
1 99 8 : 1 3 8).
ITpH 3T0M p a3B 0ASITCSI Il0HSITHSI .n:11anorH'łH0CTH H a.n:pecoBaHH0CTH. A.n:pecoBaHHOCTb 03Ha'łaeT T0JibK0 0AH0 113 npOSIBneHHH .n:11anorH'łH0CTH - 0AH0HanpaBneHH0e B03AeHCTBHe H 0Tpa)l(eHHe ero B TeKCTe. [ . . . ])].eS1TenbHOCTHaS1 K0Hu,enU,HSI, nono)l(eHHaSI B 0CH0BaHHe TeopHH HHTepnpeTau,1111 tt ay'łttoro TeKcTa, no3Bon11na M . H . Ko)l(HHOH 11 ee K onneraM np11iłTH K BhIB 0AY 06 o rp o M HOH opratt11J y10meił pon11 pa3BepHyThlX BapHaTHBHblX Il0BT0p0B
(PBTI)
B Hay'łH0M TeKCTe. 3TOH npo6neMe n03)1(e cneu,11anhH0 6hma nocBHI.Qetta pa6oTa H.B. )].att11neBcKoił BapuamuBHble noemopbl KaK cpeocmeo pa3eepmbl8aHWl Hay'-łH020 meKcma(1 992).
Eme patthwe(1 988)
oco6oe BHHMatt11e HM 6hmo y.n:enetto M . TI . KoTIOpOBOH B ee MOHorpacpHH 06 :JKcmpanUH28UCmU'-łeCKUX 0CH08QHUJIX CMblCJl080U cmpyKmypbl Hay'-łH020 meKcma: «qTO KacaeTCSI HX cpyHKl..l,HH «np0JJ:BH)l(eHHSI CMbICna (co.n:ep)l(aHHSI) u,enoro TeKcTa», TO o Heił M0)l(H0 roB0pHTb, Ha Halli B3rTISIA, B 0TH0WeHHHPBTI,
Ha3BaHHblX «Hea.n:eKBa THbIMH», K0T0pbie .n:eHCTBHTenhHO Bbrpa)l(aIOT BHyTpeHHee pa3BHTHe 3HaHHSI, ero Ka'łeCTBettttoe H3MetteHHe (Hanp11Mep, ąacTttoe - o6mee), oco6eHHO B cnyąae cpopMynHpOBKH BbIB0AH0ro 3HaHHSI. [ . . . ] XoTenOCb 6hl no.n:ąepKHYTb, l{TQ HCil0�b30BaHHe B npHBe.n:eHHbIX 0TpbIBKax TeKCTa .n:eHCTBHTenbHO noBTOpS110merocS1 nOHSITHHHO-TepMHHOnOrH'łeCKoro annapaTa CBHAe TenbCTByeT 06 0Tpa)l(eHHH CHHTe3a 3 H aHHSI. HecOMHeHHO, 'łT0 3TH CHHTe311py 10m11e BapHaTHBH bie n0BT0pbI HrpaIOT Ba)l(HYIO ponh B o 6 e c n e 'ł e H H H u,en0CTH 0 r o B 0C ilpHSITHSI TeKCTa , HecyT 6 on b WY IO K0MMYHHKaTHBHYIO Harpy3Ky.C
u,enhIO TO'łHOH 3KcnnHKaU,HH OTHOWeHHH Me)l(JJ:Y npe.n:rnecTByIOI.QHM H nocne.n:y101..QHM (3aKnIO'łaIOI.QHM IlOBTOp) 0TpeJKaMH pe'łH 3THPBTI BB0Jl:SITCSI B TeKCT C0BMeCTH0 co cpe.n:cTBaMH,
nepe.n:aIOI.QHMH 0TH0llleHHSI 0CH0BaHHSI - cne.n:CTBHSI. TaKHe cpe.n:cTBa no.n:qepKHBaIOT TaK)l(e yBepeHH0CTb B A0CT0BepH0CTH mnaraeMoro 3HaHHSI, K0T0paSI BCe 6onee yc11n11BaeTCS1» (KOTIOpOBa1 988: 1 32).
lfHTepeCHO, 'łT0II
epMCK(li/_ 1wy1m(li/_ UlK0llG ąJYHKLfUOH.Gllbl-/.OU CmUllUCmUKU KJIAPA 3. WTAl1H JIHHrBHCT H HayKoBe,n; rOBOpSIT 06 O,ZJ;HOM H TOM )l(e - rapMOHH3Hpyrorn:eH HHTenneKTyanbHOH ponH TTOBTOpOB B <pOpMynHpOBaHHH Hay•-rnoro TeKCTa. 3TO JIH He no,n;TBep)l(,D;eHHe npaBHJibHOCTH Hay'-IHbIX H,n;eH? M.H. KO)l(HHa TaK onpe,n;emrna 3Ha'-IHMOCTb pa3BepHyThIX TTOBTOpOB B TeKCTe: «AHaJIH3 60JibWOro MaCCHBa pa3H006pa3Hb!X Hay'-IHblX TeKCTOB (pa3Hb!X OTpacneH HayKH H )l(aHpOB) B yKa3aHHOM acneKTe TT03BOJIHJI BCKpb!Tb O,ZJ;HH H3 cyw:ecTBeHHhIX MexaHH3MOB TeKCT006pa30BaHHSI B ttay'-IHOH c<pepe, O,ZJ;HH J,13 OCHOBHhIX npHHU.HTTOB pa3BepTbIBaHIDI Hay1-1Horo TeKCTa, onpe,n;ensrrorn:HH ero CMhICJIOBYIO crpyKTYPY, TaK HJIH HHa1-1e BJIHSJIOW:HH Ha KOMn03HU.HIO H, B KOHe'-IHOM C'-leTe, o6ycnoBJIHBałOW:HH CTHneByłO cneu.H<pHKY ,n;aHHOH pa3HOBH,ZJ;HOCTH TeKCTOB . [ . . . ] (CM . : H . B . ,ll;aHHJieBCKasr,1 990) .
n o Ha6nro,n;eHH SI M ,ll;aHHJieB CKOH , He 3 aMe1-1aeMoe o6hI'-I H O '-IHTaTeneM MHoroKpaTHOe TTOBTOpettHe TTO'-ITH O,ZJ;HHX H Tex )l(e KOMTTOHeHTOB CMbicna aBTOpCKOH KOHU.eTTU.HH, XOTSI H He3KOHOMHO, HO HOpMaTHBHO H onpe,n;em1eT CTHJieByIO cneu.H<pHKY H npHHU.HTThl pa3BepTbIBaHHSI HMeHHO Hay'-IHbIX TeKCTOB: nocmeneHHoe npHpaIIJ.eHHe CMhICJia 1-1epe3 PBTI . Y1-1eHhI M H npHBJieKaIOTCSI H ,n;aHHbie CTHJIOMeTpHH: «KOJIH'-leCTBO PBTI B O,ZJ;HOM u.enoM TeKCTe (npOH3Be,n;eHHH) - ,ZJ;a)l(e He60JiblllOro o6'beMa - MO)l(eT ,ZJ;OCTHraTb npH 3TO M HeCKOJihKHX ,n;eCSJTKOB, npH'-leM PBIT HCTTOJib3yeTCSI o6bJ'-IHO C He60JibWHMH HHTepBaJiaMH (B2-4
CTpaHHU.bI), a Hepe,n;KO Ha 0,ZJ;HOH crpaHHU.e HJIH HAYW:HMH o,n;Ha 3a ,n;pyroH ynoTpe6neHhI HeCKOJihKO PBTI. C M . , HanpHMep, B CTaThe H.H. BaBHJIOBa [ . . . ] B MOHorpa<pHH T.M . HHKonaeBoH [ . . . ] M 3TO He oco6eHHOCTh CTHJISI P,8HHOro aBTOpa, a 3aKOH pa3BepTbIBaHHSI Hay1-1Horo TeKcTa (oco6eHHO TeopeTH'-leCKoro H 0TnH1-1a10rn:erocsr 6onhWOH ,n;oneH HOBH3Hbl). IlpH 3TOM o6Hapy)l(HBaeTCSI xapaKTepHaSJ 3aKOHO MepHOCTh: '-leM 6JIH)l(e K co,n;ep)l(aHHIO aBTOpCKOH KOHU.enu.HH TO HJIH HHOe BblCKa3bIBaHHe (TO eCTb '-leM 60JibWe CTeneHb ero HOBH3Hbl), TeM 1-1aw:e OHO TTOBTOpsreTCSI B TeKCTe» (KO)l<HHa1992: 47). [ . . . ]
H.B. ,ll;aHHJieBCKOH 6hIJIO ycTaHOBJieHO, '-ITO MexaHH3MOM pa3BepTbIBaHHSI HMeHHO KOHu.enTyanhHOro co,n;ep)l(aHHSI TeKCTa SIBJISIIOTCSI KaK pa3 pe'-leBhie BapHaTHBHbie nOBTOphl, oco6eHHO - KOHu.enTyanhHbie. [ . . . ] ( O'łepKu
1998:
43) .
IlpHMeHeHHe :noro npHHU.lma K HHTepnpeTaU.HH TTOHSITHHHOro co,n;ep)l(aHHSI Hay1-1Horo TeKCTa TT03BOJIHJIO TTOHSITh cneu.H<pHKY CMhICJia Hay1-1Horo TeKCTa HMeHHO B 3nHCTeMH'-leCKOM nnaHe, «u.eMeHTHpyrow:yro porrh 3TTHCTeMH'-leCKOH cpe,D;bl». Y1-1eHhie OTMe'-laIOT B 3TOM 3Ha'-IHMOCTb MeTO,ZJ;OJIOrH'-leCKOro acneKTa: CJIOBa IllHpOKOH ceMaHTHKH (o6rn:eHay'-IHhle TepMHHhl , HMeIOrn:He MeTo,n;onorH'-leCKH HaCbIW:eHHOe 3 Ha'-leHHe) THnaStylistyka XIV
cBoucmBo, cmpyKmypa, rpyHKLtWl, KJ1accurpuKaitWl, munoJ102W/. 11 }].p. nepe.ua10T 0606ll\ettttoe npe.ucTasnett11e o nyTSix nony'łett11SI ttosoro 3Hatt11SI s TeKcTe. Hosoe KOHU,enTyaJibHOe aBTOpCKOe 3Hatt11e OCTaeTCSI HOBblM no OTHOWeHl1lO K CTapoMy HaytJHOMY 3HaHl1lO BHe 3aBl1Cl1MOCTl1 OT ero MHOroKpaTHOro noBTOpeHl1SI.
rosopSI o cnoco6ax Bbipa)l(eHl1SI Hay'łHbIX 11.uei.:i 11 nOHSIT11H, KOTOpbie BblKp11CTaJIJil130BbIBaJOTCSI B Cl1CTeMe Jil1HrBl1CTl1'łeCKOro «TpeTbero M11pa», nepMCKl1e y'łeHbie 11 caMl1 CTaHOBSITCSI ero 0611TaTeJISIMl1, Bepttee, 0611TaIOT B HeM 11X 11.ue11, 'łTO SIBJISieTCSI }].OKa3aTeJibCTBOM BepHOCTl1 Bbl}],Bl1raeMbIX 11Ml1 CMeJib[X ttaytJHbIX noJIO)l(eHl1H.
3. PoCT
Hay1rnoro
3Hamrn TiepMCKOH WKOJlbl cpyHKI..J.HOHaJibHOH CT11Jll1-CTl1Kl1OCHOBHbie nOJIO)l(eHl1SI, Bbipa6oTaHHbie y'łeHbIM11 I1epMCKOH WKOJibl, ttawmi BOnJIOU\em1e B KOHKpeTHblX 11CCJie}],OBaHl1SIX, KOTOpbie 11 .uaIOT ttarJISI.UH0 npe.ucTasnett11e o nocTynaTeJibHOM pa3pacTatt 1111 3HaHl1SI. I1ocTaB11B BO rnasy yrna H3y'łett11e HaytJHOro TeKCTa, 0Hl1 nOCBSITl1Jil1 CB011 HCCJieJI.OBaHHSI Ba)l(Hb!M H 3Ha'łHMblM npo6neMaM: 3KCTpaJIHHrBl1CTH'łeCKHM octtosattHSIM cMb1cnosoi1 cTpyKTYPhI ttay'łttoro TeKcTa (M.I1. KoT10posa), 113yąeHHIO sapHaTHBHbIX noBTOpOB KaK cpe.u.cTBa pa3BepTbIBaHHSI ttaytJHOrO TeKCTa (H.B. ,ll;aHHJieBCKaSI), paCCMOTpeHHIO cj>yHKU,HOHaJibHO-CTHJIHCTl1'łeC
KOH KaTeropHH r11noTeTl1'łHOCTH attrJIHHCKl1X Hay'łHbIX TeKCTOB
(11. C.
Ee.up11tta), HHTepnpeTau,1111 ttayąttoro TeKcTa B acneKTe <paKTopa «cy6beKT peą11» (n.M. Jlann), cj>opM11posatt1110 paccy)l(.uettHSI B npou,ecce pa3s11rnSI Hayąttoro CTl1JISI 11 conocTaBJieHHl1 C .upyrHMH cj>yHKU,HOHaJibHbl M H pa3HOBH}].HOCTSIMH (T.E. Tpowesa}, paCCMOTpeHHIO Hayąttoro TeKCTa B acneKTe noJIHTeKcTyaJibHOCTH(E.A.
Ea)l(ettosa). Ka)l(}].bIH 113 3THx ytJeHbIX cei.:iąac caM <pOpMHpyeT ttay'łHbie HanpaBJieHl1SI, OCTaBaSICb TeM He Mettee B paMKax rnaBHOH WKOJibI - WKOJihI M.H. Ko)l(HHOH, 'łTO, co6cTBeHHO, He npHHH)l(aeT 3Ha'łHM0CTH Bbl}],Bl1raeMbIX H}],eH.OcttoBa }].JISI MHOronJiaHOBbIX HCCJie}],OBaHHH - BHyTpeHHSISI .ueSITeJib HOCTHaSI CTpYKTypa TeKCTa. łfayqem,,:e 60JibWOro MaCCHBa ttay'łHbIX TeKCTOB noKa3aJIO, 'łTO HX CTHJIHCTHKO-THnOJIOr11qecK11e oco6eHHOCTH o6ycJIOBJieHbl He T0JibKO co.uep)l(aHHeM, onpe.ueneHHbIM }],eHOTaTOM H pe<pepeHTHOH CHTyau,11ei1 (co6bJTHSI, <paKTbl, noJIO)l(eHHSI .u.en), HO TaK)l(e 11 oco6eHHOCTSIMH
IlepMCKGJI ,tayl/HGJI U/KOJ/a cjJyHKtfUOHaJlbHOu cmUJ1ucmuKu KJIAPA 3. WTAHH
npH B3aHMOJ].eHCTBHH napTHepoB), a TaK)Ke OTpa)KeHHeM CBoeo6pa3HSI B Heił KOfHHTHBHOro acneKTa TeKCT006pa30BaHHSI.
«CoBepweHHO O'łeBHJJ.HO, 'łTO CTHJieBaSI cneu,mpHKa Hay'łHbIX TeKCTOB, -nHWeT M.H. KO)KHHa , - 3aBHCHT OT KOMnJieKca B3aHMOCBSl3aHHblX cpaK TOpOB, B KOTOpOM Ba)KHOe MeCTO 3aHHMaIOT: cy6'heKTH0-06'heKTHhie OTHOWeHHSI; npHpOJJ.a caMoro 3HaHHll H 3aKOHOB n03HaHHSI H TBOp'łeCTBa, B 'łaCTHOCTH, 3TanoB (cpa3) Hay'łHOH J].es!TeJibHOCTH; pa3BHTHe ttayK11 no 3aKOHaM «OTpHI..{aHHe OTpHU,aHHSI» H «npeeMCTBeHHOCTH 3HaHHSI»; npHpOJJ.a He TOJibKO norH'łeCKOro MbIWJieHHSI, HO H HHTYHTHBHbIX peweHMH H, KOHe'łHO, PllJJ. co6CTBeHHO KOMMYHHKanfBHbIX cpaKTOpOB, B TOM 'łl1CJie oco6eHHOCTeH BOCnpHS!THSI Hay'łHOro TeKCTa (y'łeT 3TOfO npH nOCTpOeHHH TeKCTa) 11 JJ.p.» (KO)KHHa
1 992: 43).
O)].HaKO y'łeTa TOJihKO 3TOro KOMnJieKca cpaKTOpOB HeJ].OCTaTO'łHO Jl.Jlll 60-nee yrny6neHHoro myąeHHSI ttayąttoro cpyHKu,HottanhHOro CTHJISI, oco6eHHO B acneKTe CTMJIHCTHKO-TeKCTOBOfO aHaJIH3a H CMbICJIOBOH CTOpOHbl TeKCTa. TaKaSI CHTyaU,Mll noTpe6oBarra 113y'łeHHSI 3aBHCHMOCTl1 TeKCTa OT np11pOJJ.bl 3HaHHSI, OTpa)KeHHSI B TeKCTOBOH J].eSITeJibHOCTH 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH n03HaBaTeJibHOro npou,ecca. IlOBOpOTHOH, MO)KH0 CKa3aTh, 3TanHOH Jl.JISI J].aJibHeHWHX HCCJieJ].OBaHHH Hay'łHOro CTl1Jlll llBHJiaCb MOHorpacpHS! M.Il. KoTIOpOBOH «06 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTH'łeCKHX 0CHOBaHHSIX CMhlCJIOBOH CTpyKTYPhl Hay'łHOrO TeKCTa (<l>yHKU,HOHaJibHO-CTHJIHCTH'łeCKHH acneKT)».
I1ccrreJ].OBaTeJib cocpeJJ.OTO'łHBaeT BHHMaHHe Ha o6ycrrOBJieHHOCTl1 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTM'łeCKHMH cpaKTOpaMH CMblCJIOBOH CTPYKTYPhl ttay'łHOro TeKCTa. OrraJIKHBaSICb OT 6a30BOH CTHJieo6pa3yIOll.l,eH OCHOBhl H ITOJ].KJIIO'łaSI JJ.8HHb1e cMe)KtthIX ttayK (rttoceonorn11, nc11xorror11H, ttayKoBeJl.eHHSI 11 Jl.p.), M.Il.KoTIOpoBa yrny6nsieT H KOHKpeTH3HpyeT cyll.l,eCTBYIOll.l,He npeJJ. crnBnettHSI o KOMITJieKce CTHJieonpeJ].eJISIIOll.l,HX cpaKTOpOB ttay'łHOH pe'łH, KOTOpbie paccMaTpHBaIOTCll C IT0MOll.l,hIO MOJ].en11 n03Ha BaT eJibHO KOMMYHl1KaTHBHOH )l:eSITeJibHOCTH cy6'beKTa no OTHOWeHHIO K o6'beKTy. B Hay'łHOM TeKCTe 3KCITJIHU,HpyeTCSI TpMa)l:a B3aHMOCBSl38HHbIX KOMITOHeHTOB Hay'łHO-n03HaBaTeJihHOH Jl.ellTeJihHOCTl1 H ee npOJl.YKTa (Hay'łHOro 3HaHHSI): o6'beKT B eJ].HHCTBe OHTOJIOrH'łeCKOro, MeTOJl.OJIOrH'łeCKOro 11 aKCHOJIO rH'łeCKOro acneKTOB 3HaHHSI H cy6'beKT B e)l:HHCTBe COU,HaJibHOro H HHAHBHJl.yaJibHOr0 (nocrre;:i;Hee BKJIIO'łaeT B ce6si KaTeropHaJibHblH npocp11Jih MbIWJieHHSI aBTOpa, CTHJib MbIWJieHHSI y'łeHoro, HHJl.HBH;:I;yanbH0e B ero MbIWJieHHH); caM npou,ecc cpopMHpOBaHMSI Hay'łHOro 3HaHHSI. YTBep)K)l:aeTCSI TOT B3rJillA Ha Hay'łHbIH CTHJib H3JIO)KeHl1SI, B CO0TBeTCTBMH C KOTOpbIM
Stylistyka XIV
Harrnoe 3Ham1e Bbipa)l{aeTCSI B TeKCTe He TOJlbKO B nnaHe o6beKTa 003HaHl1SI, HO 11 B nnaHe cy6beKTa, cpopM11py101.Qero 3HaH11e 06 o6beKTe. M.11. KoTIOpOBa IlbITaeTCSI onpoBeprHyTb MHeH11e O caMopa3Bl1Tl111 Harrnoro 3HaHl1SI - «BneąaTJleHl1SI, C03).J:aIOI.Ql1eCSI 6naro.z.i:apS1 061.QeH, COQl1aJlbHO 3Ha'łl1MOH oco6eH H OCTl1 peą11 - ee nor11ąecKOH CTepeO T l1 IlH OCT11». Co.z.i:ep)l{aH11e KOHKpeTHOro TeKCTa, C'łl1TaeT OHa, 06bI'łHO BOCilp11Hl1MaeTCSI KaK H OBOe 3HaH11e, 3TO npo11cxo.z.i:11T 6naro.z.i:apS1 11H).J:11B11AYaJlbHOMY MO).J:en11poBaH11IO 3HaHl1SI, npopa6oTKe CTpaTer1111 11 TaKTl1Kl1 ero
cpopM11-poBaH l1 SI (B ąeM npOSIBJlSllOTCSI 11 H).J:11B11AYaJlbHbie xapaKTep11CTl1Kl1 MbIIIIJleHl1SI yąeHoro) 11, ecTeCTBeHHO, 11 H).J:11B11AyaJlbHOMY OT6opy 11 11CilOJlb30BaHl110 Sl3bIKOBblX e,Ul1H11Q (KOTIOpOBa
1 988: 1 59-160).
lloJ1o)l{eH11e 06 OTp11QaHl111 caMOpa3Bl1Tl1SI HayąHoro 3HaHl1SI MO)l{HO ocnop11Tb Ha OCHOBe 11).J:eH Cl1HepreTl1Kl1 , HO BHl1MaH11e K 11H).J:11B11AyaJlbHOMY TBOp'-leCTBY, 06pa3y101.QeMy CTl1JleBbie qepTbl TeKCTa, .z.i:eMCTBl1TeJlbHO 3Ha'łl1MO.llapanneJlb H O C 3TOM pa6oTOH ocyI.QeCTBJlSleTCSI 11ccne.z.i:0 BaH11e
JI.M.
Jlann, OOCBSII.QeHHOe 11HTepnpeTaQ1111 HayąHoro TeKCTa B acneKTe cpaKrnpa cy6beKT peą11( 1 988, 1 993). JI.M.
Jlann on11cbrnaeT crnneBbie oco6eH HOCTl1 HayąHO M peą11, o6ycJlO BJleHHbi e TaKl1Ml1 CTOpoHaMl1 KOMMYHl1KaTl1BHO-Il03HaBaTeJlbHOH ).J:eSITeJlbHOCTl1 yąeHoro, KaK cpa3bl npOAYKTl1BHOro MblllIJleHl1SI 11 pecpneKCl1BHaSI .l].eSITeJlbHOCTb aBTOpa; eIO pa3pa6oTaHa op11r11HaJlbHaS1 11HTepnpeTaQHOHHaSI MO).J:eJlb, aKTyaJlbHa51 ).J:JlSI 113yąeH1151 HayąHoro TeKcTa.l-fayąeHHe 3KCTpanHHrBl1CTH'łeCKHX OCHOBaHl1H peneBaHTHOCTl1 cpaKTopa «cy6beKT peąm> ).J:JlSI Hay'łHbIX TeKCTOB Ha OCHOBe .z.i:eSITeJlbHOCTHOro (KOMilJleKCHOro) no.z.i:xo.z.i:a noKa3aJlO np11HQl1011aJlbHYIO B03M0)1{HOCTb Bbipa)l{eH HOCTH KaTerop1111 <l>CP B HayąHOM TeKCTe. 11MeHHO o6ycno BJleHHOCTb pecpneKCl1BHO-JlH'łHOCTHOro ( «cy6beKTl1BHOro») KOMOOHeHTa H a y ą H o r o T e K c Ta rH o c e o n o r 11 ą e c K 11 M 11 co Q 11anb H bi M ( «pe'-l e .z.i:eS1TeJ1bHOCTHhIM») acneKTOM B3al1MO.l].eMCTBl151 'łeJlOBeKa C MHpOM .z.i:aeT B03MO)l{HOCTb pacCMOTpeTb Hay'lHblH TeKCT He TOJlbKO KaK CTPYKTYPY, nepe,naIOI.QYIO 11HcpopMaQl1lO o BHewHeM (no OTHOWeHl1lO K nc11x11'-leCKOH cy1.QHOCT11 ąenoBeKa) MHpe, HO 11 KaK «ryMaH11cT11'lecKy10» CTPYKTYPY, HecyI.QyIO Ha ce6e «neąaTb» Jll1'łHOCTl1 003HaIOI.Qero M11p cy6beKTa.
11cxo,nSI 113 np11Hl1MaeMoro IlOHl1MaHl1SI cpaKTOpa «cy6beKT peąm>, 6b1Jl npeJI,JIO)l{eH MeTO.l]. aHanma HayąHoro TeKCTa C nOMOI.QblO r11noTeT11ąeCKOH HHTepnpeTaQ110HHO-CMbICJlOBOH MO).J:eJlH HayąHoro TeKCTa, pa3pa6oTaHHOH C onopoi1 Ha HeKOTOpbie Il0JlO)l{eHl1SI nc11xonor1111 TBOpąecrna, B OCHOBe
IlepMCKaJl 1wy'łHaJl wKona pyHKl,/UOHMbHOU cmUJ1ucmuKu
KJIAPA 3. WTAviH
KOTOpbIX ne)KHT MO,n:enb, OTpa)KaIOIJJ,a51 ,u:e51TenbHOCTb npo,u:yKTHBHOro MblllineHH51 B npol{ecce perneHH51 TBOplłeCKHX 3a,n:aą, lłTO, no MHeHHIO Jlann, o6ycnOBllHBaeT KaąecTBeHHOe CBOeo6pa3He np051BneHH51 <I>CP B HayąHOM TeKcTe (Jlann
1 993: 149). [ .. . ]
B M OHorp a q> HH H . B . ,l],aHHneBCKOH
( 1 992)
Hccne,u:yeTC51 O,U:HH H3 MexaHH3MOB pa3BepTbIBaHH51 HayąHoro TeKCTa - nocTeneHHOe npHpalll,eHHe KOMnOHeHTOB HOBoro 3HaHH51 ąepe3 pa3BepHyTbie BapHaTHBHbie nOBTOpbI. AHan113 HayąHoro TeKcTa B l{enoM npoH3Be,n:eHHH noKa3an, lłTO npol{ecc ero pa3B epTbIBaHH51 H e HOCHT, KaK :no npHH51TO ClłHTaTb , no CT051HHOro, HenpepbIBHoro xapaKTepa . Hanponrn, oH noBceMeCTHO npepbrnaeTC51, npHOCTaHaBnHBaeTC51 aBTOpOM C l{ellblO nOBTOpHTb (HanOMHHTb lłHTaTen10) KaK He-TO B a)l(Hble CMbICllOBbie M O MeHTbl co,u:ep)KaHH51_.B
,U:HHa MHKY TeKCT006pa3oBamrn BKnIOlłalOTC51PBTI,
npHlłeM OTHIO,U:b He KaK «noMeXH>> 3TOH AHHaMHKH, a KaK 51BneHHe BnonHe 3aKOHOMepHOe.H.B.
,l],aHHneBCKa51 y6 e,U:HTenbHO n oK a3ana, lłTO PBTI 51Bll5IIOTC51 K O M M Y HHKaTHBHbIMH e,n:HHHI..{aMH HayąHoro TeKCTa, C O,u:HOH CTOpOHbl , Bbipa)KalOIJJ,HMH KaKHe-TO HaH6onee Ba)l(Hble MOMeHTbl co,u:ep)KaHH51 H TeM caMbIM npHHHMalOIJJ,HMH caMoe Henocpe,n;cTBeHHOe yąacTHe B npol{ecce TeKcToo6pa3oBaHH51, c ,u:pyroi1 - HanpaBneHHblMH B nepByIO oąepe,n;b Ha lłHTaTen51 B l{ell51X JJ:OCTH)KeHH51 3q> q>eKTHBHOCTH o6Ill,eHH51 B HayąHOH Cq>epe ,u:e51TenhHOCTH (,l],aHHneBCKa511 992:
1 20).
Pe3ynhTaTbI 11ccne,n;oBaHH51 11.C. Ee.n;pHHOH, npoBe,n:eHHoro Ha MaTep11ane aHrnHHCKHX HaylłHbIX TeKCTOB, noKa3anH, lłTO npHMeHHTenbHO K HayąHOH peą11 l{enecoo6pa3HO BhI,n;eneHHe <I>CCKrHn (q>yHKI..{HOHanhHOH ce MaHTHKO-CTHnHCTHlłecKoi1 KaTeropHH rHnOTeTHlłHOCTH), npe,n:cTaBneHHOH CHCTeMOH pa3HOypOBHeBhlX cpe,n:CTB, 06na,u:aI01JJ,HX 061JJ,HM ceMaHTHlłeCKHM co.n;ep)KaHHeM H q>yHKI..{HeH. ,l],aHHa51 KaTeropH51 peanHJyeT B HayąHOM TeKCTe rHnOTeTHlłHOCTb - HeOTbeMneMbIH KOMnOHeHT Hayąttoro MbI IllneHH51 , n03HaHH51 H .n:e�nenbHOCTH yąeHoro , 513bIKOBbie e,n:HHHI..{bl Bbipa)KeHH51 KOTOpOH o6be,D;HH5IIOTC51 Ha TeKCTOBOH nnoCKOCTH TaKHM o6pa30M, KaK n p e,n:nHChIBaIO T l{enH H Ja,n:aąH H a y lłHOH KOMMYHHK a l{HH , TO eCTb npe.n;cTaBn51IOT co6oi1 ąaCTHbIH cnyąai1 CTHllHCTHKO-peąeBOH CHCTeMHOCTH. <l>CCKr11n 51Bn51eTc51 KOMMYHHKaTHBHO-q>YHKI..{HOHanhHOH KaTerop11ei1, K O T o p a 51 B 0 T n 11 ą 0 e OT <l> C K , xap aKTep113 y10 1JJ, HX n p e )K,n:e B c ero CTPYKTYPHhIH acneKT 513hIKa H .n;HHaMHKY BHYTPH 513bIKOBOH cHcTeMhI, onH CbIBaeT peąeBe,n;ąecKHH acneKT q>yHKl{HOHHpOBaHH51 513b!Ka.
Stylistyka XIV
Pe'łeBe,rp1ecK11H xapaKTep <I>CC Krnn 11 ee cT11n11cT11'łecK11H cTaTyc 06ycnOBill1BalOT cy�eCTBeHHbie pa3Ill1'łl151 Me)K)J.y )J.aHHOH KaTerop11eH 11 cpyHKU.110HallbHO-CeMaHT11'łeCKOH KaTerop11eH MO)J.allbHOCTl1, B paMKaX KOTOpOH 113yqaeTC51 3Ha'łeHHe r11noTeTH'łHOCTl1. TipHHIJ,Hn 061,e)J.HHeHH51 pa3ttoypoBHeBhIX 513bIKOBbIX e)J.11HHIJ,, Bb!pa)Kal0�11X r11noTeTH'łHOCTb B ttay'łHOM TeKCTe, Ka'łeCTBeHHO OTill1'łaeTC51 OT np11HI.l,l•ma 061,e)J.11HeHl151 cpe)J.CTB Bbipa)KeHH51 HeHH)J.HKaTHBHOH (rHnOTeTH'łeCKOH) MO)J.aJihHOCTH. TiapaMeTpbl OTill1'ł1151 roBOp51T 06 y6e)J.HTenbHOCTl1 apryMeHTaIJ,Hl1.
E.A. Ea)KettoBa paccMaTpHBaeT npo6neMy npeeMCTBeHHOCTH H cpopM11pOBaHl151 3HaHH51, OTPa)KeHHOro B CMbICilOBOH CTPYKType pyccKHX Hay'łH bIX TeKCTOB 11 onpe)J.ell5110�11X KOM003111J.1110 11 apx11TeKTOHHKY nocne)J.Hl1X
(1987' 1 996).
Bee 3TO 003B0Il51eT 113y'łaTb Hay'łHblH TeKCT KaK OTpa)KeH11 e )J.H HaMHKH 003HaHH51, nOCKOJlhKY H M e H H O OTpa)KeHHe nocTynaTellhHOro )J.Bl1)KeHl151 Hay'łHOH Mb!Cll11 B np0113Be)J.eHl111 o6ecne'łl1BaeT 1.1,enOCTHOCTb ero CMblCilOBOH CTPYKTYPhI 11 ne)l(l1T B OCHOBe np11ttu.11na TeKCT006pa3oBaHl151.
Peanl130BaHHb!H B pa6oTe cpyHKI.l,110HanhHO-CTl1Ill1CTl1'łeCKl1H 00)1.XO)J. K 113y'łett1110 CMhICnOBOH cTpyKTYPhI TeKcTa, on11pa10�11i1c51 Ha npHH1.1,11nb1 Cl1CTeMHOCTl1 11 cpyHKI.1,110HanbHOCTH, n03B0Il11Il Bbl51BHTb MexaH l13 M nepexo)J.a 3KCTPan11ttrn11cT11'łecKoro, Btteurnero no OTttowemuo K pe'łeBoMy np0113Be)J.eH11IO, B co6CTBeHHO Ill1HrBl1CTl1'łeCKOe 11 TeM caMhIM o6b51CHHTb CTl1Ill1CTl1KO-pe'łeBy10 np11po)J.y CMb!CilOBOH CTPYKTypbl Hay'łHOro TeKCTa 11 oco6eHHOCTl1 ero KOMn03111.1,1111.
Ha octtoBe KOMnneKcttoro attan113a 1.1,enoro npo11JBe)J.ett1151, c y'łeToM )J.OCTl1)l(eHl1H CMe)l(HblX C 513blK03HaHHeM HayK - npe)l()J.e Bcero rttoceononrn, nc11xonor1111 11 ttayK0Be)J.eH1151, - E.A. Ea)l(eHOBOH pa3pa6oTatto nott51Tl1e non11TeKCTyanhHOCTl1 11 on11caHa cpyHKI.l,110HanbHO-Tl1nOnor11qecKa51 MO)J.enh CMb1cnoBOH CTPYKTYPhI ttay'łttor'o TeKCTa. «CMbI CJlOBa51 CTPYKTypa COOTHOCl1TC51 co CTPYKTypoH 3n11cTeM11'łeCKOH c11Tya1.1,1111, xapaKTep11-3y10�eHC51 e)J.11HCTBOM B3al1MOCB513aHHbIX acneKTOB KaK n03HaBaTellhHOH )J.e51TeJlhHOCTH, TaK 11 ee pe3ynhTaTa - HOBOro Hay'łHOro 3HaHl151 11 OKa3bIBaIO�eH Cl1CTeMaT11'łeCKOe Blll151Hl1e Ha cpopM11poBaH11e Hay'łHOro TeKCTa» (Ea)l(eHOBa
2001 : 249).
B.A. Can11MOBCK11H, Jatt11Ma10�11i1c51 11ccne)J.0BaHHeM TeopeTH'IecKoro TeKCTa, y6e)J.11TeJ1bHO noKa3hIBaeT, 'łTO TeopeTl1'łeCKOe 11ccne)J.OBaH11e npe,n;cTaBn51eT co6oi1 ,n;e51TenhHOCTh y'łettoro no npeo6pa30Batt11 10, COBepweHCTBOBaHl110, pa3B11Tl110 KOHU.enTyanbHbIX cpe)J.CTB HayK11. B
llepMCKaJl HQY'lliaJl UlKOJIQ rjJyHKLfUOHMbHOU CmUJIUCmUKU
KJlAPA 3. WTAHH
MOHorpaqnrn aBT0pa )Kalipbl pe'lU 8 rjJyHKl,fUOHQJlbliO-CmUJIUCmu'leCKO.Nl OCBeU{-eHUU noKa3aH0, 'łT0 «0CH0BHhie <pa3bl KaK 3Mn11p11'łeCK0ro, TaK 11 TeopeTl1'łeCKoro 11CCJie,n:oBaHl1SI o6beKTl1Bl1PYIOTCSI B oco6bIX K0MIT0311-l.(J.ł0HHhIX, TeMaTl1'łeCKJ.łX J,f CTl1JlHCTJ.ł'łeCKJ.łX TJ.łnax TeKCT0B. B npoQecce 11CCJie)],0BaHl1SI B blSIBJieHhl 11 on11caHbl cneQ11<p11'łeCKl1e qepTbl co,n:ep )l(aTeJibHO-CMhI CJIOBOH 11 noaepXHOCTHO -pe'łeBOH Cl1 CTeMH0CTl1 3Tl1X )l(aHp0B, oxapaKTepH30BaH0 e,l],HHCTB0 J.łX BHyTpeHHero J.ł BHeurnero nnaH0B, 113y'łeHa opraHl13al.(11SI o6pa3YIOI.l.\11X pe'łeBble )l(aHpbl THIT0BhIX cy6TeKCTOB, pa3Bl1Thl npe,n:cTaBJieHl1SI o r116KOCTl1, nJiaCTl1'łH0CTl1 )l(aHpOBOH <popMbl. YcTaHOBJieHO, 'łT0 0Ha M0)l(eT peam130BaTbCSI B 0TH0CHTeJibH0 n0JIH0M J,fJIJ1 'łaCTl1'łH0M Bl1)],e, pa3BepttyTo 11Jll1 K0Mnpecc11poBaHH0; npo,n:yQ11pyeMhie K0MMYHHKaTl1BHbie 6JIOKl1 MoryT no-pa3H0MY C00TH0Cl1TbCSI B nJiaHe 11X HH<pOpMal.(110HHOro aeca; BO MH0r11x cnyqasix 0T)],eJibHble 3BeHbSI )l(aHpOBOH <popMhl <pyHKI..(110H11pyIOT KaK M0)],eJI11 He T0JihK0 cy6TeKCTOB, HO 11 QeJiblX pe'łeBbIX np0113Be)],eHl1H» (CaJil1MOBCKl1H
2002: 205).
H ccJie)],OBaTeJib C'łl1TaeT, 'łT0 pa3BJ.łTl1e <pyHKL(J.łOHaJibHO-CTHJIJ.ł CTJ.ł 'łeCK0ro MeT0)],a Ha 0CH0Be BKJIIO'łeHl1SI B l1CCJie)],0Batt11e npe,ncTaBJieHl1H O CTpoeHl111 ,n:esiTeJihH0CTH np11B0)],11T K psi.ny 3Bp11CTl1'łeCKl1 3Ha 'łHMhIX CJie)],CTBl1H: 0TKpbIBaeTCSI nepcneKTl1Ba aHaJIH3a pe'łeB oro aKTa , 11Jil1 K0MMYHl1KaTl1BH0-n03HaBaTeJibH0r0 ,n:eHCTBHSI, B3SIT0ro He 1130JI11p0BaHH0, a B C0CTaBe Bl1)],a CO L(HOKYJihTYPHOH ,n:esiTeJihH0CTH. 3TOT MeT0)], (a 0H npe,11;noJi a r a eT 11 c noJi b 3 0 B a H11e ,11;aHHh1 x o KY Ji hTYP HhI X <p o p M a x , H0pMaTl1BH0-KaTerop11aJibHhlX KapKacax pa3JIH'łHhIX Bl1)],0B ,n:yxoBHOH C0Q11aJibHOH ,n:esiTeJibHOCT11) 3Ha'łl1M 11 )],JISI )],11CKypc11BH0ro aHaJil13a, n0CK0Jih KY ,n:aeT op11eHTl1phl )],JISI CHCTeMaTH3al.(11J.ł 11 ynopS!)],0'ł eHl1SI K0HKpeTHbIX Ha6JIIO,neHl1H, y'łeTa C0B0KYITH0CTl1 ycJIOBl1H Bhin0JIHeHl1SI <py HKl.(1111 BhICKa3bIBaHl1SI.
B onpocaM Cl1HTaKCJ.łCa Hay'łHOH pe'łH B <pyHKL(HOHaJihHO-CTl1JieBOM acneKTe nocBsil.l.(eHhI pa6oThI
T.E.
TpoweBott, C.O. fJiywaKoBott(1 988);
JI11HrBHCTH'łeCK0MY acneKTY 11CCJieJJ,0BaHHSI Tl1IT0B TB0p'łeCK0ro MhIWJiemrn - pa6oThI E.A. 10tt11Hott.H aytJHaSI p e'łb ChlrpaJia np11Hl.(11ITHaJihHYIO p0Jib B <pOpM11pOB aHl111 paccy)l()],eHHSI K aK <pyHKL(HOHaJibHO-CMhICJIOBOro THna pe'łH B pycCK0M
n11TepaTypttoM Sl3hIKe, C'łHTaeT
T.E.
Tpoweaa. HM eHHO B ,naHHOH c<pepe<pyHK I..(11 0HHp O B aHHSI Sl 3 h!Ka paccy)l()],eH11 e np e,nCTa BJi eH0 noJIHbl M «Ha6opoM» pa3HOBH)],HOCTeH. HMeHHO 3)],eCb 0TTa'łHBaJIHCb B npoQecce 'JB0JIIOI..(1111 CTHJISI HHBapHaHTHble 'łepTbl HX CMhICJIOBOH CTPYKTYPbl. «3a C'łeT
Stylistyka XIV
Hay•rnoro CTHJI.SI o6oraw.anacb CHCTeMa Sl3hIKOBhIX cpe.[(CTB HaH6onee a.neKB8THOM nepe,n;a'IH JIOrH'leCKHX CBSl3eM, Jie)l(8llJ.HX B OCHOBe pa3JIH'IHhIX apryMeHTaTHBHhIX nocTpOeHHM. 11MeHHO B ero «JIOHe» Cq>OpMHpOBaJIOCh cTporoe norttąecKoe TeKCTOBoe nocTpoettHe, 06pa3y10�ee B pyccKOM JIHTepaTypHOM Sl 3 hl K e ueHTpaJihHOe 3 BeHO n o neBOM CTpyKTY Phl paccy)l(,n;eHHSI» (TpoweBa
1999: 1 85).
Oco6asi: CT8ThSI - 3TO Me)l<By30BCKHe c6opHHKH Kacpe.u.pbl pyccKoro Sl3hIKa H CTHJIHCTHKH IlepMCKOfO rocy,n;apCTBeHH0ro YHHBepCHTeTa.
r.5I.
Co nraHHK OTMeąaeT, ąTO «B npHHQHne noąTH K8)1(,lJ;hIM Me)l(By30BCKHM c6opHHK npH6JIH)KaeTCSI no CBOeMy xapaKTepy K KOJIJieKTHBHOH MOHOrpacjnrn. [ . . . ] (ConraHHK2002: 1 74).
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(2003).
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