ISSN 1509-1619
Ⱥnna Alsztyniuk
Instytut Filologii WschodniosáowiaĔskiej Uniwersytet w Biaáymstoku
ȾȺ ɀȺɇɊȺȼȺ-ɋɌɕɅəȼɕɏ ȺɋȺȻɅȱȼȺɋɐȿɃ ɊȺɆȺɇȺ əɇɄȱ ȻɊɕɅə ɉɌɍɒɄȱ ȱ ȽɇȬɁȾɕ
Key words: novel, lyricism, autobiography, hero, patriotism
ȼɵɪɚɲɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɵɦ ɲɥɹɯɭ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɥɚ ȼɨɥɶɝɚ ɇɿɤɿɮɚ- ɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɦɚɧɚɦ ɉɬɭɲɤɿ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɵ (1964). Ⱦɚɫɥɟɞɱɵɰɚ ɦɟɥɚ ɧɚ ʆɜɚɡɟ: “ɩɚɞɚ- ɝɭɥɶɧɟɧɧɟ ʆɫɹɝɨ ɩɚɩɹɪɷɞɧɹɝɚ ɜɨɩɵɬɭ, ɩɟɪɚɦɨɝɚ ɧɚɞ ɛɭɣɧɨɣ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɥɶɧɚɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɣ, ɧɚɜɚɬɚɪɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɚɰɨʆɤɚ ɠɚɧɪɚɜɚɣ ɪɚɡɧɚɜɿɞɧɚɫɰɿ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ, ɭɜɹɞɡɟɧɧɟ ʆ ɚɤɬɵʆɧɵ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɵ ʆɠɵɬɚɤ ɦɿɧɿɹɰɸɪɵ ɿ ɧɚɬɚɬɤɿ” [ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ 2013, 140–141].
ȼɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɲɦɚɬɝɚɞɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɰɚ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɚɞɡɿɧɵɦ ɞɚɝɷɬɭɥɶ ɭ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿ- ɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɦɚɧɚɦ ɉɬɭɲɤɿ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɵ ɚɞɵɝɪɚɥɚ ɡɧɚɱɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɸ ʆ ɞɚɥɟɣɲɵɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɿ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɬɧɚɝɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ.
əɧɤɚ Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɜɹɪɧɭʆɫɹ ɞɚ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɭ ɧɚɩɿɫɚɧɵɯ ɪɚɧɟɣ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɟɣ ɋɨɧɰɚ ɩɪɚɡ ɯɦɚɪɵ (1942–43) ɿ ɀɵɜɨɟ ɿ ɝɧɿɥɶ (1943), ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɜɵɪɚɲɵʆɲɵ, ɲɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ “ɪɚɦɚɧ, – ɩɚ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɉɚʆɥɚ Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɵ, – ɡɞɨɥɶɧɵ ɚɞɥɸɫɬɪɚɜɚɰɶ ɪɷɱɚɿɫɧɚɫɰɶ, ɠɵɰɰɺ ɝɟɪɨɹʆ ɭ ɪɭɯɭ, ɛɟɫɩɟɪɚɩɵɧɧɵɯ ɡɦɟɧɚɯ ɿ ɪɚɡɜɿɰɰɿ, ɱɚɝɨ ɩɚɡɛɚʆɥɟɧɚ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɟ ɿ ʆ ɱɵɦ ɚɛɦɟ- ɠɚɜɚɧɚ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɶ” [Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɚ 1971, 378]. ɉɚɫɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɭ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ ɞɚɥɟɣɲɵ ɬɜɨɪɱɵ ɲɥɹɯ, ɚɞɤɚɡɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɩɵɬɚɧɧɟ: “ɫɬɚɧɟ ɺɧ ɪɚɦɚɧɿɫɬɚɦ ɰɿ ɜɟɪɧɟɰɰɚ ɞɚ ɞɚʆɧɨ ɡɧɚɺɦɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɚʆ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɿ” [ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ 2001, 511]. Ʌɿɪɵɱɧɚɟ ɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɟ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɧɚɤɥɚɥɚ ɦɨɰɧɵ ɚɞɛɿɬɚɤ ɧɚ ɫɬɵɥɶ ɿ ɠɚɧɪɚɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ ɿ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɚɞɞɚʆ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɝɭ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɦɭ, ɡɜɹɪɧɭʆɫɹ ɞɚ ɦɿɤɪɚɠɚɧɪɭ, ɭ ɹɤɿɦ “ɧɚɣɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɟ – ɫɚɦ ɚʆɬɚɪ: ɹɤ ɺɧ ɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɬɨɟ, ɩɪɚ ɲɬɨ ɝɚɜɨ- ɪɵɰɶ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1993, ȱȱȱ, 276].
ɉɪɚʆɞɚ, ɡɜɚɪɨɬ ɞɚ ɠɚɧɪɭ ɦɿɧɿɹɰɸɪɵ, ɞɚ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɧɟ ɛɵʆ ɜɵɩɚɞɤɨɜɵɦ, ɛɨ ɫɯɿɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɚ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɹɜɿɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɹɲɱɷ ʆ 1938 ɝɨɞɡɟ: ɩɟɪ- ɲɵɦɿ ɹɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɵɦɿ ɜɨɩɵɬɚɦɿ ɛɵɥɿ ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɜɟɪɲɵ, ɧɚɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɵɹ ʆ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɟ “ɒɥɹɯ ɦɨɥɚɞɡɿ”, ɚɥɟ ɚɦɚɥɶ ɚɞɪɚɡɭ ɺɧ ɚɞɞɚʆ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɝɭ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ, ɪɨɛɹɱɵ ɡɚɧɚɬɨʆɤɿ ʆ ɪɚɧɧɿɦ ɸɧɚɰɬɜɟ ɿ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɭ ɥɚɝɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɟɧɧɚɩɚɥɨɧɧɵɯ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɚ-ɩɚɥɿɬɵɱɧɵ ɤɥɿɦɚɬ, ɲɬɨ ʆɫɬɚɥɹɜɚʆɫɹ ʆ ɤɪɚɿɧɟ ʆ ɩɚɫɥɹɜɚɟɧɧɵ ɱɚɫ, ɡɭɫɿɦ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɵɹʆ ɩɪɚɰɵ ɧɚɞ
ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɨɡɚɣ. ȼɿɞɚɰɶ, ɬɜɨɪɵ ɚʆɬɚɛɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɚɝɚ, ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ ɩɿɫɚɥɿɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɞɥɹ “ɲɭɮɥɹɞɵ”. ɍɦɨɜɵ ɚɩɨɲɧɿɯ ɫɬɚɥɿɧɫɤɿɯ ɝɚɞɨʆ ɡɦɭɫɿɥɿ ɿ ɫɚɦɨɝɚ əɧɤɭ Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɡɧɿɲɱɵɰɶ ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ ɪɭɤɚɩɿɫɵ. Ⱦɵ ɯɨɰɶ “ɚɞɥɿɝɚ”, ɡɜɹɡɚɧɚɹ ɡ ɪɚɡɜɹɧɱɚɧɧɟɦ ɷɩɨɯɿ ɤɭɥɶɬɭ ɚɫɨɛɵ ʆ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɚɥɨɜɟ 50-ɯ ɝɚɞɨʆ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɩɟɥɚ ʆ “ɜɹɫɧɭ”, ɚɥɟ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɛɵɥɚ ɧɨɜɚɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɧɟ. ɉɚɫɥɹ ɜɵɯɚɞɭ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ ɭ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɟ “Ɇɚɥɚɞɨɫɰɶ” ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɞɪɭɤɚɜɚɧɚ ɩɟɪɲɚɹ ɩɚɞɛɨɪɤɚ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɿɫɚʆ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ – Ɋɚɦɨɧɤɚɜɵ ɪɨɫɫɵɩ. ɉɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɵɹ ɜɨɞɝɭɤɿ ɱɵɬɚɱɨʆ ɿ ɫɹɛɪɨʆ ɤɚɧɱɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɩɟ- ɪɚɤɚɧɚɥɿ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ ʆ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɺɧ ɩɚɜɿɧɟɧ ɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɰɶ ɭ ɠɚɧɪɵ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɹɦɭ ɚɞɩɚɜɹɞɚɟ ɿ ɧɚɣɜɵɪɚɡɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟ ɹɝɨ ʆɧɭɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɜɟɬ ɿ ɬɚɥɟɧɬ.
ɍɠɨ ʆ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɚɡɜɟ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ ɜɵɹʆɥɟɧɚ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɚɹ ɞɭɦɤɚ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ, ɹɤɚɹ “ɜɵɡ- ɧɚɱɚɟ ɹɝɨ ɮɿɥɚɫɨɮɫɤɿ ɩɥɚɧ ɿ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ” [Ⱥɧɞɪɚɸɤ 1999, 12]. ɇɚɡɜɵ ɚɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɚɤ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ “ɋɰɸɞɡɺɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɣ” ɿ “Ƚɧɺɡɞɵ ɡɚ ɞɵɦɚɦ” ɜɵɪɚɡɧɚ ɤɚɪɷɫɩɚɧɞɭɸɰɶ ɡ ɚɝɭɥɶɧɚɣ. Ⱥɫɧɨʆɧɵ ɫɿɦɜɚɥɿɱɧɵ ɥɟɣɬɦɚɬɵʆ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ – ɩɬɭɲɤɚ, ɹɤɚɹ ɥɹɰɿɰɶ ɞɚ ɪɨɞ- ɧɚɝɚ ɝɧɹɡɞɚ, ɩɪɚɫɹɤɚɟ ʆɜɟɫɶ ɬɜɨɪ. Ƚɚɥɨʆɧɵ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɿɦɤɧɟɰɰɚ ɜɵɛɚɜɿɰɰɚ ɡ ɩɚɥɨɧɭ ɿ ɹɤ ɬɚɹ ɩɬɭɲɤɚ ɜɹɪɧɭɰɰɚ ɞɚɞɨɦɭ. ə. Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɧɚɣɱɚɫɰɟɣ ɝɚɜɨ- ɪɵɰɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɩɪɚ ʆɰɺɤɿ ɡ ɤɚɧɰɥɚɝɟɪɚ ʆ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɿɿ ɧɚ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɭ, ɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɚɪɵɱɧɚ – ɩɪɚ ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɟ ɩɬɭɲɤɿ ɞɚ ɝɧɹɡɞɚ. ɋɿɦɜɚɥɿɱɧɚɣ ɡ’ɹʆɥɹɟɰɰɚ, ɛɟɡɭɦɨʆɧɚ, ɿ ɫɰɷɧɚ, ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɜɵɪɚɸ ɞɡɿɤɿɯ ɝɭɫɟɣ, ɹɤɨɣ ɩɚɱɵɧɚɟ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɷɩɿɥɨɝ “ɇɨɱ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɞɜɟɫɧɿ”:
ɋɭɬɭɧɹɟɰɰɚ.
Ⱦɡɿɤɿɹ ɝɭɫɿ ɡɧɨʆ ɩɪɚɥɹɰɟɥɿ ɧɿɡɤɚ ɧɚɞ ɥɟɫɚɦ. ɇɿɛɵ ʆɰɹɤɚɸɱɵ ɰɿ ɞɚɝɚɧɹɸɱɵ,– ɬɚɤ ɹɧɵ ɝɟɝɚɸɰɶ ɧɚ ɥɹɬɭ ɿ ɫɩɹɲɚɸɰɰɚ...
Ȼɭɞɡɟ ɜɹɫɧɚ.
ɏɨɰɶ ɚɞɜɹɱɨɪɚɤ ɭ ɩɭɲɱɵ ɹɲɱɷ ʆɫɺ ɹɤ ɛɵɰɰɚɦ ɡɿɦɨɜɵ. Ɂ ɪɷɲɬɤɚɦɿ ɯɥɸɩɤɚɝɚ, ɜɚɞɡɹ- ɧɿɫɬɚɝɚ ɫɧɟɝɭ. Ɂ ɧɿɡɤɿɦ, ɧɭɞɧɚ ɩɚɧɭɪɵɦ ɧɟɛɚɦ... [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 347]
ɍ ɩɪɚɥɨɝɭ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɩɪɵɡɧɚɟɰɰɚ, ɲɬɨ ʆ ɚɫɧɨɜɭ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ ɥɟɝɥɿ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɡ ɹɝɨ ɛɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɿ, ɚɥɟ ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɚɟ: “Ⱥ ʆɫɺ ɠ ɹɧɚ – “ɧɟ ɚʆɬɚɛɿɹ- ɝɪɚɮɿɹ, ɚ – ɛɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɹ ɚɞɧɨɣ ɞɭɲɵ”, ɪɚɫɤɚɡ ɩɪɚ ɹɲɱɷ ɚɞɡɿɧ ɲɥɹɯ ɞɚ ɫɜɹɬɥɚ, ɩɪɚ ɹɲɱɷ ɚɞɧɨ ɦɟɫɰɚ ʆ ɫɬɪɚɿ ɹɝɨ ɚɛɚɪɨɧɰɚʆ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 6]. ɇɚɜɚɬ ɩɚɞɡɚɝɚɥɨɜɚɤ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ (“Ʉɧɿɝɚ ɚɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɥɚɞɨɫɰɿ”) ɡɚɫɹɪɨɞɠɜɚɟ ʆɜɚɝɭ ɱɵɬɚɱɨʆ ɿ ɤɪɵɬɵɤɚʆ ɧɚ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɹɯ ɡɚɞɭɦɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɚ – ɪɚɫɤɚɡɚɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɥɺɫ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɝɨ ɩɨɲɭɤɿ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɦɟɫɰɚ ʆ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɟ ɡ ɮɚɲɵɡɦɚɦ. Ƚɚɥɨʆɧɵ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ – ɝɷɬɚ, ɛɟɡɭɦɨʆɧɚ, ɫɜɨɟɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɵ ɬɵɩ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɷɡɟɧɬɭɟ ɥɺɫ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɹ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ʆɫɹɝɨ ɹɝɨ ɩɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɹ.
ɉɪɚɡ ɿɧɞɵɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɵ ɜɨɩɵɬ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ “ɡɦɨɝ ɩɚ-ɧɨɜɚɦɭ, ɭ ɝɿɫɬɨ- ɪɵɤɚ-ɮɿɥɚɫɨɮɫɤɿɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɚɫɷɧɫɚɜɚɰɶ ɫɚɰɵɹɥɶɧɵ, ɦɚɪɚɥɶɧɵ ɿ ɷɦɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɜɨɩɵɬ ɰɷɥɚɝɚ ɩɚɤɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɯɨɞɧɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɦɨɥɚɞɡɿ” [Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɚ 1971, 317].
əɤ ɜɹɞɨɦɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɷɪɧɚɹ ɪɵɫɚ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ – ɩɪɵɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɿɦ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɰɷɧ- ɬɪɚ, ɚ ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤɿɦ ɭ ɉɬɭɲɤɚɯ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚɯ ɡ’ɹʆɥɹɟɰɰɚ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ, ɦɚɥɚɞɵ ɯɥɨɩɟɰ ɡ ɡɚɯɨɞɧɟɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɜɺɫɤɿ, ɩɪɵɡɜɚɧɵ ʆ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɚɪɦɿɸ ʆ 1939 ɝɨɞɡɟ.
ɇɚ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɭɸ ɚʆɬɚɪɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɵɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɬɜɨɪɵ ɡɜɹɪɬɚɟ ʆɜɚɝɭ ȼ. ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ, ɚɞɡɧɚ- ɱɚɸɱɵ, ɲɬɨ ɚʆɬɚɪ “ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɰɰɚ ɧɹɛɚɱɧɵɦ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɦ, ɹɤɿ ɜɵɹʆɥɹɟ ɫɹɛɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ʆ ɬɨɧɟ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɿ, ɫɬɵɥɿ – ɬɨ ɧɚɬɯɧɺɧɚ-ʆɡɧɺɫɥɵɦ, ɬɨ ɿɪɚɧɿɱɧɵɦ” [ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ 2001, 506].
Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɩɪɵɦɚɟ ʆɞɡɟɥ ɭ ɲɦɚɬɥɿɤɿɯ ɩɚɞɡɟɹɯ: ɛɚɹɯ, ɭɰɺɤɚɯ ɡ ɩɚɥɨɧɭ, ɛɭɧɰɟ ʆ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɿɦ ɦɚɺɧɬɤɭ, ɬɪɚɩɥɹɟ ʆ ɲɬɪɚɮɧɭɸ ɤɚɦɚɧɞɭ, ɬɭɪɦɭ, ɜɹɪɬɚɟɰɰɚ ɧɚ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɭ, ɞɡɟ ʆɫɬɭɩɚɟ ʆ ɩɚɪɬɵɡɚɧɫɤɿ ɚɬɪɚɞ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɭ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɚɫɰɿ ɡ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɿ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɠɚɧɪɭ ɞɥɹ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɿ ɡ’ɹʆɥɹɸɰɰɚ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɿ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ, ɚ ɿɯ ɷɦɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɫɥɟɞ, ɭɪɚɠɚɧɧɿ ɚɞ ɿɯ ɿ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɡɚɫɹɪɨɞɠɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɝɨɞɚɯ ɞɭɲɵ [Ʉɚɥɟɫɧɿɤ 1990, 203]
ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤɿ, ɹɤ ɜɿɞɚɰɶ ɭɠɨ ɡ ɩɟɪɲɵɯ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɚɤ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ, ɜɵɥɭɱɚɟɰɰɚ ɫɹɪɨɞ ɧɚɬɨʆɩɭ:
Ʉɚɥɿ ɛ ɡɧɿɡɭ ɡɚɝɥɹɧɭɰɶ ɩɚɞ ɝɷɬɵɹ ɧɚɫɭɩɥɟɧɵɹ ɛɪɨɜɵ ɧɚɞ ɡɹɦɥɺɣ – ɭɛɚɱɵʆ ɛɵ ʆ ɜɚ- ɱɚɯ, ɜɹɞɨɦɚ, ɿ ɧɹɧɚɜɿɫɰɶ, ɪɨɡɧɚɣ ɫɿɥɵ ɿ ɚɞɤɪɵɬɚɫɰɿ, ɿ ɫɬɨɦɭ, ɭ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɰɿ ɚɞ ɭɡɪɨɫɬɭ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɪɨɡɧɭɸ: ɤɚɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɵɫɰɶ, ɚ ɤɚɦɭ ɞɵɤ ɿ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɠɵɰɰɺ.
ɇɚɣɦɟɧɲ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵʆ ɛɵ ɫɬɪɚɯɭ,– ɩɪɵɜɵɱɤɚ.
Ⱥ ɜɨɫɶ ɫɦɹɲɵɧɤɚɦɿ ɫɜɟɰɹɰɶ ɚɞɧɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɜɨɱɵ.
ɍɫɦɿɯɚɟɰɰɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɮɥɚɝɨɜɵ.
ȱ ɜɿɞɧɨ ɝɷɬɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ, ɛɚɞɚɣ, ɹɦɭ ɚɞɧɚɦɭ.
ɋɯɿɥɿʆɲɵ ɞɨɥɭ ɫɜɟɬɥɚɱɭɛɭɸ ɝɚɥɚɜɭ, ɧɚ ɹɤɨɣ ɧɟɣɤɿɦ ɰɭɞɚɦ, ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚ ʆɥɚɫɧɚɣ ɚɯɜɨ- ɰɟ, ɬɪɵɦɚɟɰɰɚ ɩɿɥɨɬɤɚ, ɯɥɨɩɟɰ ɭɫɩɚɦɿɧɚɟ [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 7–8].
ȼɨɛɪɚɡ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɩɚɫɬɭɩɨɜɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɜɚ ʆɫɺɣ ɹɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɚɧɚɫɰɿ ɿ ɧɟ- ɩɚʆɬɨɪɧɚɫɰɿ. Ⱥɞɚɪɜɚɧɵ ɚɞ ɪɨɞɧɚɝɚ, ɚɩɵɧɭʆɲɵɫɹ ʆ ɧɟɩɪɵɹɡɧɵɯ ɚɛɫɬɚɜɿɧɚɯ, Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɫɬɚɪɚɟɰɰɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɰɰɚ ɫɚɦɿɦ ɫɚɛɨɸ: ɭɥɸɛɺɧɵɦ ɭ ɤɧɿɝɿ, ɫɜɟɬ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɵ. Ȭɧ ɦɚ- ɪɵɰɶ ɚɛ ɬɵɦ, ɤɚɛ ɧɟɤɚɥɿ ɹɝɨ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɹ ɫɩɪɨɛɵ ɩɚɛɚɱɵɥɿ ɞɡɺɧɧɚɟ ɫɜɹɬɥɨ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɯɥɨɩɟɰ “ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɹɲɱɷ ʆɫɺ “ɛɚɝɚɰɟɟ”, “ɧɚɛɿɪɚɟɰɰɚ”. ɏɨɰɶ ɹɤ ɠɚ ɰɹɝɧɟ ɹɝɨ... ɇɟ, ɧɟ ɞɚ ɜɟɪɲɚʆ, ɞɚ ɩɪɨɡɵ. ɋɭɪɨɜɚɣ, ɪɚɞɚɫɧɚɣ, ɞɭɠɚɣ, ɬɪɵɜɨɠɧɚɣ – ɹɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɠɵɰɰɺ...” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 364]. ȼɟɥɶɦɿ ɜɚɠɧɚɟ ɦɟɫɰɚ ʆ ɹɝɨ ɠɵɰɰɿ ɡ ɪɚɧɧɿɯ ɝɚɞɨʆ ɡɚɣɦɚɟ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ.
Ȭɧ ɡɚɯɚɩɥɹʆɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɚɦɿ Ⱥɥɹɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɉɭɲɤɿɧɚ, Ɇɿɯɚɿɥɚ Ʌɟɪɦɚɧɬɚɜɚ, Ɇɚɤɫɿɦɚ Ƚɨɪɤɚɝɚ, Ɇɿɤɚɥɚɹ Ƚɨɝɚɥɹ, Ⱥɧɬɨɧɚ ɑɷɯɚɜɚ, Ɏɺɞɚɪɚ Ⱦɚɫɬɚɟʆɫɤɚɝɚ, Ⱥɞɚɦɚ Ɇɿɰɤɟɜɿɱɚ, Ƚɟɧɪɵɯɚ ɋɹɧɤɟɜɿɱɚ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ, ɭ ɡɧɚɱɧɚɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɿ, ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɿɞɷɿ Ʌɶɜɚ Ɍɚɥɫɬɨɝɚ ɜɵɪɚɬɚɜɚɥɿ ɝɚ- ɥɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ ɿ ɫɚɦɨɝɚ əɧɤɭ Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɚɞ ɫɥɹɩɨɣ ɧɹɧɚɜɿɫɰɿ ɞɚ ɧɟɦɰɚʆ, ɛɨ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɜɵɪɚɲɵʆ “ɧɟ ɞɚɡɜɨɥɿɰɶ ɞɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɛɚɧɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ, ɲɬɨ ɜɨɫɶ ɺɧ, ɦɨɣ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ, ɩɚɛɥɵɬɚʆɫɹ ɬɪɨɯɿ ʆ ɬɚɥɫɬɨʆɫɬɜɟ ɿ ɫɬɚʆ, ɹɤ ɭɫɟ, ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɦ ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤɚɦ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1993, ȱȱȱ, 255]. Ɋɚɲɷɧɧɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɦɚɰɶ ɿɞɷɚɥɨɝɿɣ, ɹɤɿɹ ɚɞ- ɤɿɞɚɥɿ ɬɚɥɫɬɨʆɫɬɜɚ, ɜɵɰɹɤɚɥɚ, ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɡ ɚɫɚɛɿɫɬɵɯ ɩɟɪɚɤɚɧɚɧɧɹʆ ɚʆɬɚɪɚ ʆ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɿ ɿɞɷɿ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɝɭɦɚɧɿɡɦɭ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɜɟɫɬɚɤ, ɲɬɨ ɩɪɵɯɨɞɡɿɥɿ ɡ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɵ. ɑɵɬɚɱ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɰɰɚ ɫɜɟɞɤɚɦ ɭɧɭɬɪɚɧɚɣ ɛɚɪɚɰɶɛɵ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ, ɹɤɿ ɯɨɱɚ ɜɟɪɵɰɶ ɭ ɰɭɞɨʆ- ɧɚɟ ɠɵɰɰɺ ʆ ɋɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɿ ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɥɿɱɵɰɶ ɫɹɛɟ ɧɹɜɚɪɬɵɦ ɬɚɝɨ ɠɵɰɰɹ:
əɤ ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶ ɭɫɺ ɝɷɬɚ? əɤ ɫɩɚɥɭɱɵɰɶ ɡ ɰɭɞɨʆɧɵɦ ɜɨɛɪɚɡɚɦ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɵ?.. ȼɨɫɶ ɠɚ ɿ Ɍɨɥɹ ɦɨɣ, ɲɱɵɪɵ ɿ ɧɟ ɞɭɪɧɵ, ɩɿɲɚ ɩɪɚ ɲɱɚɫɰɟ ɛɵɰɶ ɬɚɦ. ɇɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ ɞɨɦɚ , ɚ ɿɦɟɧ- ɧɚ ɬɚɦ – “ɧɚ ɰɭɞɨʆɧɚɣ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɟ”... ȱ ɹ ɯɚɱɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɭɞɵ... ȱ ɦɧɟ ɜɨɫɶ ɪɚ- ɞɚɫɧɚ ɰɹɩɟɪ, ɲɬɨ ɹ ʆɠɨ ɛɥɿɡɤɚ ɞɚ ɲɱɚɫɰɹ – ɞɚ ɜɨɥɿ, ɦɧɟ ɜɨɫɶ ɿ ɛɪɵɞɤɚ, ɞɚ ɝɨɪɵɱɵ ɛɪɵɞɤɚ, ɧɚɜɚɬ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɚ, ɲɬɨ ʆ ɞɭɦɤɚɯ ɹ ɧɟ ɬɚɤɿ.. ɧɭ, ɧɟ ɡɭɫɿɦ ɬɚɤɿ, ɯɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɬɪɷɛɚ...
[Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 274]
ə. Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɩɚɤɚɡɜɚɟ, ɹɤ ɩɚɫɬɭɩɨɜɚ ɡ ɞɭɯɨʆɧɵɦ ɪɨɫɬɚɦ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ ɞɡɿɰɹɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɧɟ ɩɚɧɹɰɰɹ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɚ ɩɚɱɵɧɚɟ ɧɚɛɵɜɚɰɶ ɞɥɹ ɹɝɨ ɧɨɜɚɟ ɡɧɚɱɷɧɧɟ, ɝɥɵɛɨɤɿ ɫɷɧɫ.
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫ ɭɠɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɬɭɠɵɰɶ ɩɚ ɪɨɞɧɚɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɰɵ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɩɚɱɵɧɚɟ ɤɥɚɩɚɰɿɰɰɚ ɩɪɚ ɹɟ ɥɺɫ. ȼɨɫɶ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɬɪɚɩɥɹɟ ʆ ɤɿɧɨ, ɝɥɹɞɡɿɰɶ “ɍɫɯɨɞɧɸɸ ɯɪɨɧɿɤɭ” – ɩɪɚ ɛɚɿ ɧɚ Ȼɟɥɚɫɬɨɱɱɵɧɟ:
ɉɚ ɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɛɥɚɤɿɰɟ ɩɚʆɡɥɿ ɛɟɥɵɹ ɜɨɛɥɚɤɿ ɡ ɩɚɩɹɥɹɫɬɵɦɿ ɞɨɧɰɚɦɿ, ɚ ɩɚɞ ɿɦɿ ɫɿɜɚ-ɡɹ- ɥɺɧɚɣ ɫɬɚɥɥɸ ɯɜɚɥɹɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɠɵɬɧɿɹ ɧɿɜɵ... Ɍɚɤ ɺɧ ɿɯ ɛɚɱɵʆ, Ⱥɥɟɫɶ, ɯɨɰɶ ɯɪɨɧɿɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɤɚɥɹɪɨɜɚɹ. (...)
Ƚɚɪɚɰɶ ɧɹɜɿɧɧɵɹ ɯɚɬɵ. Ƚɚɥɨɫɹɰɶ ɦɚɬɤɿ, ɩɥɚɱɚ ɞɡɟɬɜɚɪɚ. Ƚɿɧɟ ɩɪɚɰɚ ɿ ɯɥɟɛ...
Ⱥ ʆ ɪɷɞɤɿɦ ɫɚɫɨɧɧɿɤɭ, ɤɚɥɹ ɩɚɤɿɧɭɬɵɯ ɰɿ ɩɟɪɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɚɬ, ɥɹɠɚɰɶ... ɜɚɥɹɸɰɰɚ ɬɪɭɩɚɦɿ ɯɥɨɩɰɵ ɿ ɞɡɹɞɡɶɤɿ, ɭɬɤɧɭʆɲɵɫɹ ɯɬɨ ɬɜɚɪɚɦ, ɯɬɨ ɚɫɬɪɵɠɚɧɚɣ ɩɚɬɵɥɿɰɚɣ ɭ ɫɬɚɩɬɚɧɭɸ, ɝɥɵɛɨɤɭɸ, ɤɜɹɰɿɫɬɭɸ ɬɪɚɜɭ...
[Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 296–297]
ɀɚɯɥɿɜɵɹ ɤɚɪɰɿɧɵ ɩɪɚɯɨɞɡɿɥɿ ɩɟɪɚɞ Ⱥɥɟɫɟɦ-ɫɚɥɞɚɬɚɦ ɧɟɚɞɧɨɣɱɵ ʆ ɱɚɫ ɜɚɟɧ- ɧɚɣ ɡɚɜɿɪɭɯɿ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɤɚɞɪɵ ɡ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚɸɰɰɚ ɿɦ ɝɥɵɛɟɣ, ɛɨɥɶɲ ɛɚɥɸɱɚ, ɛɨ ɺɧ ɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɜɚɣɧɭ ɚɦɚɥɶ ɲɬɨ ʆ ɫɜɚɺɣ ɜɺɫɰɵ. ɇɚɜɚɬ ɫɚ ɡɞɡɿʆɥɟɧɧɟɦ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɭɫɜɟɞɚɦɥɹɟ: “ɋɜɟɰɟ ɦɨɣ ɹɫɧɵ! Ƚɷɬɚ ɠ ɜɵɯɨɞɡɿɰɶ ɬɚɤ: ɤɚɥɿ ɱɭɠɨɝɚ ɛ’ɸɰɶ, ɞɚɥɺɤɚɝɚ, ɞɵɤ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɝɚɜɚɪɵɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɚɩɟɪɚɰɵɿ; ɤɚɥɿ ɠ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɰɟ ɪɨɞɧɵɹ ɧɚɡɜɵ – ɡɚ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɭɠɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɷɝɿɹ, ɚ ɱɚɥɚɜɟɱɚɹ, ɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɤɪɨʆ!.. Ɂɚɛɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɞ ɪɨɝɚɬ, ɩɟɫɧɸ ɢ ɫɜɢɫɬ”
[Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 296].
ɇɚ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɭ ɞɡɜɸɯ ɱɚɫɬɚɤ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ ɿ ɷɩɿɥɨɝɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɡɛɥɿɠɚɟ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ, ɲɬɨ ɚɞ- ɛɵɜɚɸɰɰɚ ʆ ɪɨɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɟ ɿ ɩɪɚɫɬɨɪɵ, ɭ ɹɤɿɯ ɚɞɩɚɜɟɞɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɨɪɬɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɜɨɛɪɚɡ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵʆ ɉ. Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɚ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɰɰɚ ʆ “ɚɫɚɰɵɹɬɵʆ- ɧɵɦ ɩɚɬɨɤɭ, ɭ ɹɤɿɦ ɡɥɿɥɿɫɹ ɦɿɧɭɥɚɟ, ɫɭɱɚɫɧɚɟ ɿ ɛɭɞɭɱɚɟ” [Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɚ 1971, 419]. əɤɪɚɡ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ʆɥɚɫɰɿɜɚ ɚɞɫɭɬɧɚɫɰɶ ɫɬɪɨɝɚɣ ɥɚɝɿɱɧɚ-ɯɪɚɧɚɥɚɝɿɱɧɚɣ ɩɚɫɥɹɞɨʆɧɚɫɰɿ.
ə. Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɚɜɹɞɚɟ ɩɪɚ ɠɵɰɰɺ ɦɚɥɚɞɨɝɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚ ʆ ɩɚɥɨɧɟ ɿ ɩɚɞɚɟ ɹɝɨ ʆɫɩɚɦɿɧɵ ɩɪɚ ɫɹɦ’ɸ, ɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɺɫɤɭ, ɞɡɹɰɿɧɫɬɜɚ, ɩɚɪɨɝ ɫɬɚɥɚɫɰɿ. “əɤ ɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɦɭ ɝɟɪɨɸ, ɫɜɚɿɦ ɫɜɟɬɚɦ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɥɿɱɵɰɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɵɦɭɫɨɜɚ ɧɚɜɹɡɚɧɚɟ ɹɦɭ ɚɤɚɥɹɸɱɚɟ ɚɫɹ- ɪɨɞɞɡɟ, ɚ ʆɫɺ ɬɨɟ, ɲɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɥɨɫɹ ʆ ɩɚɦɹɰɿ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɜɨɩɵɬɚɦ, ɞɭɯɨʆɧɵɦ ɧɚɛɵɬɤɚɦ”
[ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ 2001, 507]. ɉɚɱɭɬɚɟ ɿ ɩɚɛɚɱɚɧɚɟ ɦɨɠɚ ɫɬɚɰɶ ɿɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɦ, ɹɤɿ ɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɟ ɧɟɚɛɯɨɞɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɟɪɚɠɵɰɶ ɧɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɪɚɧɟɣɲɚɝɚ, ɩɟɪɚɞɜɚɟɧɧɚɝɚ ɠɵɰɰɹ. ȼɨɫɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɵʆɫɹ ɤɚɧɰɷɪɬ, ɚɥɟ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫ ʆɫɺ ɹɲɱɷ ɱɭɟ ɩɟɫɧɸ “ɉɚɥɨɦɚ” “ɿ ɤɚɠɚ ɬɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɿ ɞɭɲɨɸ, ɛɟɡ ɫɥɨʆ:
“ɇɟ, ɬɵ ɧɟ ɤɥɿɱ ɦɹɧɟ ɞɚ ɬɵɯ ɯɚɥɨɞɧɵɯ ɿ ɬɭɠɥɿɜɵɯ ɯɜɚɥɶ, ɞɡɟ ɞɧɿ ɿ ɧɨɱɵ ɛɭɲɚɜɚɥɚ ɚɝɧɺɦ ɿ ɠɚɥɟɡɚɦ ɧɹɧɚɜɿɫɰɶ, ɞɡɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɰɭɞɚɦ ɦɹɧɟ ɚɛɦɿɧɚɥɿ ɚɫɤɨɥɤɿ ɿ ɤɭɥɿ, ɞɡɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɚɪɵ ɚɛɚɪɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɲɱɚɫɰɟ, ɫɜɚɛɨɞɚ ɿ ɦɚɥɚɞɨɫɰɶ!
ȼɹɞɡɿ ɰɹɩɟɪ ɞɚ ɫɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ, ɞɚ ɧɟɩɚʆɬɨɪɧɚ ɪɚɞɚɫɧɵɯ, ɲɬɨ ɤɚɥɵɯɚɧɤɚɣ ɲɭɦɟɥɿ ɦɧɟ ʆ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɚɱɚɬɤɭ!..” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 33]
ɋɥɨɜɵ ɩɟɫɧɿ ɩɟɪɚɧɨɫɹɰɶ ɩɚɥɨɧɧɚɝɚ ʆ “ɲɱɨɞɪɚ ɧɚɩɨɟɧɵ ɫɜɹɬɥɨɦ, ɞɚɥɺɤɿ ɿ ɛɥɿɡɤɿ, ɧɿɛɵɬɚ ʆ ɪɚɞɚɫɧɵɦ ɫɧɟ, ɜɹɥɿɤɿ ɱɚɪɧɚɦɨɪɫɤɿ ɝɨɪɚɞ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 33] ɿ ɺɧ ɚɞɛɵɜɚɟ
“ɩɚɞɚɪɨɠɠɚ ʆ ɧɚɣɥɟɩɲɚɟ”. ɉɟɪɚɞ ɜɚɱɵɦɚ ʆɡɧɿɤɚɸɰɶ ɞɚɪɚɝɿɹ ɫɷɪɰɭ ɦɚɥɸɧɤɿ, ɹɤɿɹ
ɫɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɿ ɩɪɨɦɧɹɦɿ ɞɚɫɹɝɚɸɰɶ ɠɵɰɰɺ ʆ ɡɧɹɜɨɥɟɧɧɿ, ɭɡɦɚɰɧɹɸɰɶ ɞɭɯ, ɩɚɞɬɪɵɦɥɿ- ɜɚɸɰɶ ɩɚɥɨɧɧɚɝɚ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɱɚɤɚɟ ɩɚɫɿʆɧɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɟɧɧɹ, ɚɥɟ ɩɥɚɧɭɟ ʆɰɺɤɿ. Ɍɚɤɿɦ ɱɵɧɚɦ,
“ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ” [Ɍɜɚɪɚ- ɧɨɜɢɱ 1986, 61].
ɏɭɬɤɿ, ɱɚɫɚɦ ɧɟɱɚɤɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɚɯɨɞ ɚɞ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ʆɫɩɚɦɿɧɭ ɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɚ, ɧɿɛɵɬɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪ- ɲɚɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɷʆɧɵɯ ɞɭɦɚɤ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ ʆɥɚɫɰɿɜɵɹ “ɩɥɵɧɿ ɫɜɹɞɨɦɚɫɰɿ”. ȼɵɤɚɪɵɫ- ɬɨʆɜɚɸɱɵ ɩɪɵɺɦ “ɩɥɵɧɿ ɫɜɹɞɨɦɚɫɰɿ”, əɧɤɚ Ȼɪɵɥɶ ɩɪɚɫɨɱɜɚɟ ɩɚɱɭɰɰɿ, ɪɷɮɥɟɤɫɿɿ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɜɵɫɜɹɬɥɹɟ ɬɵɹ ɦɨɦɚɧɬɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɮɚɪɦɿɪɚɜɚɥɿ ɹɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪ.
Ȼɪɵɥɺʆɫɤɿ ɥɿɪɵɡɦ ɝɪɭɧɬɭɟɰɰɚ “ɧɚ ɿɧɬɷɪɩɪɷɬɚɰɵɿ ɡ’ɹʆ ɪɷɱɚɿɫɧɚɫɰɿ, ɩɚɞɡɟɣ, ɫɰɷɧ ɡ ɠɵɰɰɹ ɰɟɪɚɡ ɩɪɚɩɭɫɤɚɧɧɟ ɿɯ ɩɪɚɡ ɹɝɨ ɫɜɹɞɨɦɚɫɰɶ, ɚɮɚɪɛɨʆɜɚɸɱɵ ɝɷɬɭɸ ɪɷɱɚɿɫ- ɧɚɫɰɶ ɷɦɨɰɵɹɦɿ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤɿ ʆ ɦɧɨɝɿɦ ɬɨɟɫɧɵ ɚʆɬɚɪɭ” [Ʉɚɡɥɨʆɫɤɿ 2006, 64–65]. ɋɚɦ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɡɧɚɺɦɿɰɶ ɱɵɬɚɱɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɡ ɧɟɦɰɚɦɿ ɒɦɿɬɤɟ ɿ Ƚɪɭɛɟɪɚɦ (ɩɚɱɚɬɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɤɿ
“Ƚɧɺɡɞɵ ɡɚ ɞɵɦɚɦ”), ɚɫɬɚɬɧɿɹ ɝɟɪɨɿ ɩɚɞɚɸɰɰɚ ɩɪɚɡ ɭɫɩɪɵɦɚɧɧɟ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ. Ⱥɞ- ɧɨɫɿɧɵ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ ɞɚ ɝɟɪɨɹʆ ɜɵɹʆɥɹɸɰɰɚ ʆ ɹɝɨ ɞɭɦɤɚɯ, ɪɚɞɡɟɣ – ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿɧɚɯ:
ɉɟɪɲɚɟ ɦɟɫɰɚ ɡɚɣɦɚʆ ɭ ɹɝɨ ɞɭɦɤɚɯ Ʉɪɭɲɵɧɚ. ɇɟɲɬɚ ɛɥɿɡɤɚɟ ɛɵɥɨ ʆɠɨ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɭ ɬɵɦ, ɲɬɨ ɺɧ ɿ ɿɦɟɦ, ɿ ɝɚɞɚɦɿ ɧɚɩɚɦɿɧɚʆ Ⱥɥɟɫɸ ɛɪɚɬɚ ɋɹɪɝɟɹ (...)
ɉɟɱɤɭ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ ɧɟɞɚɥɸɛɥɿɜɚʆ ɡɚ ɫɚɥɚɞɠɚɜɚɫɰɶ ɭɫɦɟɲɚɱɤɿ ɿ ɥɹɫɤɚɧɧɟ ɚɛɰɚɫɚɦɿ, ɯɨɰɶ ɝɷɬɚ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɬɭɬ ɩɪɵɞɚɥɨɫɹ. Ⱥɫɚɛɥɿɜɚ ɧɹɦɿɥɵ ɺɧ ɫɬɚʆ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɬɚɝɨ, ɤɚɥɿ ɧɟ ɜɵɬɪɵɜɚʆ ɭɫɺ-ɬɚɤɿ ɿ ɛɪɚɯɧɭʆ Ȼɹɡɦɟɧɚɜɚɣ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɿɿ, ɲɬɨ ɿ “Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɩɚɷɬ”. (...)
Ɍɪɚɣɧɵ Ɇɚɪɰɿɧ ɬɪɨɲɤɿ ɧɟ ɩɚɞɚɛɚʆɫɹ Ⱥɥɟɫɸ ɩɚ-ɫɜɨɣɦɭ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɟ ɫɜɚɺ, ɭɥɚɲɱɵɰɶ Ȼɹɡɦɟɧɚ, ɜɭɫɚɱ ɜɵɤɨɧɜɚʆ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɚɪɚɧɧɚ, ɲɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ, ɜɿɞɚɰɶ, ɭɩɚɞɚɛɚʆ ɬɵɹ ɜɵɩɿɜɚɱɤɿ, ɩɪɵɜɵɤ ɞɚ ɿɯ. Ⱥɥɟɫɶ ɧɚɨɝɭɥ ɧɟ ɜɟɞɚʆ ɹɲɱɷ ɝɚɪɷɥɤɿ, ɧɚɜɚɬ ɧɚ ɫɦɚɤ, ɿ ɩ’ɹɧɵɹ ɛɵɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɹɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɰɟɲɧɵɹ, ɤɨɥɶɤɿ ɚɝɿɞɧɵɹ, ɜɚɪɬɵɹ ɠɚɥɸ [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 218–219].
ɍ ɱɚɫ ɜɵɦɭɲɚɧɚɝɚ ɛɥɭɤɚɧɧɹ ɩɚ ɱɭɠɵɧɟ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ ɿɧɞɵɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɟɪɚɥɚɥɹɦɥɹɟ ʆ ɫɜɚɿɦ ɭɹʆɥɟɧɧɿ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɵ ɥɸɞɡɟɣ ɿ ɿɦɤɧɟɰɰɚ ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶ ɿɯ ɩɚɜɨɞɡɿ- ɧɵ, ɡɚʆɫɺɞɵ ɫɩɪɚɛɭɟ ɡɚɡɿɪɧɭɰɶ ʆ ɝɥɵɛɿɧɸ ɞɭɲɵ, ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɰɶ ɤɨɠɧɚɝɚ ɧɚɩɚɬɤɚɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɥɚɜɟɤɚ. əɲɱɷ ʆ ɦɚɺɧɬɤɭ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɡɧɚɺɦɿɰɰɚ ɫɚ ɫɬɚɪɵɦ ɛɚɬɪɚɤɨɦ Ɋɚɤɚɜɵɦ – ɧɟɦɰɚɦ, ɭ ɹɤɿɦ ɩɚɥɨɧɧɵ ɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɡ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɩɪɚɱɵɬɚɧɚɝɚ ɿɦ ɧɟɤɚɥɿ ɚɩɚɜɹɞɚɧɧɹ:
Ɍɚɦ ɧɟɣɤɿ ɞɡɹɞɡɶɤɚ, ɹɤ ɡɚʆɫɺɞɵ ɫɬɨɦɥɟɧɵ, ɪɚɡɦɚɪɵʆɫɹ ʆ ɰɚɪɤɜɟ ɞɪɵɦɨɬɚɣ ɿ ɡɚɫɧɭʆ ɭ ɡɚɰɿɲɧɵɦ ɤɭɬɤɭ. (...) ȱ ɩɚɱɚɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɿɯ (ɞɡɹɞɡɶɤɿ ɿ Ȼɨɝɚ – Ⱥ. Ⱥ.) ɪɚɡɦɨɜɚ ɩɪɚ ɠɵɰɰɺ – ɿ ɩɪɚ ɱɚɫɨɜɚɟ, ɧɚ ɝɪɷɲɧɚɣ ɡɹɦɥɿ, ɿ ɩɪɚ ɜɟɱɧɚɟ, ɧɚ ɧɟɛɹɫɿ. Ⱥɛɚɪɚɧɹɸɱɵɫɹ ɚɞ ɩɪɚ- ɜɟɞɧɵɯ ɛɨɫɤɿɯ ɩɚɩɪɨɤɚʆ, ɦɭɠɵɱɨɤ ɭɡɦɚɥɿʆɫɹ:
“ɉɚɧɟ ɛɨɠɚ, ɬɨ ɠ ɤɨɥɶɤɿ ɛɭɧɬɭ ʆ ɦɚɺɣ ɞɭɲɵ, ɫɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɿ ɩɭɞɭ ʆ ɧɚɝɚɯ!..”
Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɩɚɫɚɜɚɥɚ ɿ ɞɚ ɝɟɪɚ Ɋɚɤɚɜɚ.
Ȼɭɧɬ ɭ ɹɝɨɧɚɣ ɞɭɲɵ ɛɵʆ [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 93].
Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟ, ɲɬɨ ɜɵɤɚɡɜɚɟɦɵɹ ɬɚɣɤɨɦ ɠɚɪɬɵ ɩɪɚ Ƚɿɬɥɟɪɚ, ɰɿ ɫɩɚɱɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɚɯɜɹɪɚɦ ɜɚɣɧɵ ɡ’ɹʆɥɹɸɰɰɚ ɫɜɨɟɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɚɛɚɦ ɡɦɚɝɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɝɚ ɧɟɦɰɚ ɡ ɮɚɲɵɡɦɚɦ. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɚɧɬɵɮɚɲɵɫɰɤɿ ɩɚɞɵɯɨɞ, ɚɥɟ, ɧɚɣɩɟɪɲ, ɩɪɚ- ɰɚɜɿɬɚɫɰɶ Ɋɚɤɚɜɚ, ɹɝɨ ɡɞɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɩɚ-ɞɡɿɰɹɱɵ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚɰɶ ɩɪɵɝɚɠɨɫɰɶ ɧɚɜɚɤɨɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɫɜɟɬɭ, ɡɛɥɿɠɚɸɰɶ ɩɚɥɨɧɧɚɝɚ ɡ ɧɟɦɰɚɦ.
Ⱥɞɧɨɫɿɧɵ ɞɚ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɵ – ɚɞɡɿɧ ɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɟɧɬɚʆ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɫɜɟɬɚɛɚɱɚɧɧɹ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɚɞɡɿɧ ɪɚɡ ɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚʆ, ɲɬɨ ɞɡɿɰɹɱɚɟ ɷɦɚɰɵɣɧɚɟ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚɧɧɟ ɧɚɜɚɤɨɥɥɹ ʆ ɞɭɲɵ ɚɞɛɿɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɧɚɡɚʆɫɺɞɵ. ɍɫɺɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ ɿ, ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚ, ɉɬɭɲɤɚɦ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚɦ ɭɥɚɫɰɿɜɚ ɠɵɜɨɟ ɿ ɝɥɵɛɨɤɚɟ ɩɪɚɧɿɤɚɧɧɟ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɩɟɣɡɚɠ. ȼɨɫɶ ɹɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɚɝɨɪɬɜɚɸɰɶ ɭɫɩɚɦɿɧɵ, ɭ ɹɤɿɯ ɩɚʆɫɬɚɟ ɫɚɞ:
...ȼɚɤɨɥ ɯɚɬɵ ɛɵʆ ɫɚɞ. ɉɚɞ ɤɚɪɚɜɵɦɿ ɫɬɜɚɥɚɦɿ ɪɚɡɝɚɥɿɫɬɵɯ ɹɛɥɵɧɶ ɿ ɜɵɫɨɤɿɯ ɝɪɭɲ, ɩɚɚɛɝɪɵɡɚɧɵɯ ɭ ɜɚɣɧɭ ɤɚɡɚɰɤɿɦɿ ɤɨɧɶɦɿ ɿ ɩɪɵɫɦɚɥɟɧɵɯ ɞɵ ɩɪɵɫɭɲɚɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɹɜɵɦɿ ɤɭɯɧɹɦɿ, ɝɭɫɬɵ ɦɚɥɿɧɧɿɤ ɡɦɹɲɚʆɫɹ ɡ ɤɭɫɥɿɜɚɣ ɤɪɚɩɿɜɨɣ ɿ ɜɹɥɿɡɧɵɦɿ ɥɚɩɭɯɚɦɿ. ɉɨ- ɬɵɦ, ɭɥɟɬɤɭ, ɡ ɹɛɥɵɧɶ ɿ ɝɪɭɲ ɚɩɚɞɚɥɚ ɬɭɞɵ ɫɚɤɚɜɿɬɚɹ ɫɩɟɥɚɫɰɶ. ɋɚɦɚ ɚɩɚɞɚɥɚ ɚɛɨ Ɍɨɥɹ ɹɟ ɚɬɪɚɫɚʆ. ȱ ɬɪɷɛɚ ɛɵɥɨ, ɤɚɛ ɧɟ ɚɩɹɤɚɰɶ ɪɭɤ ɞɵ ɧɨɝ, ɛɪɚɰɶ ɤɿɺɤ, ɪɚɫɯɿɧɚɰɶ ɤɪɚɩɿɜɭ, ɚ ɬɚɞɵ ʆɠɨ ɩɪɵɫɬɭɩɚɰɶ ɹɟ ɧɚɝɨɣ – ɩɚɞɷɲɜɚ, ɧɹɛɨɫɶ, ɧɟ ɛɚɿɰɰɚ! – ɿ ɩɚɞɧɿ- ɦɚɰɶ ɫɜɚɟ ɹɛɥɵɤɚ ɚɛɨ ɝɪɭɲɭ. (...)
Ȼɨ ɯɨɰɶ ɬɚɦ ɩɹɱɷɰɰɚ – ɦɚɥɿɧɵ ɬɚɤɿɹ ɫɚɥɨɞɤɿɹ!.. Ɍɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɥɨɠɵɲ ɹɟ ɹɤ ɰɭɤɟɪɤɭ, ɹɤ ɞɭɯɦɹɧɚ-ɲɭɪɩɚɬɵ ɩɭɯɿɪ, ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤ, ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɪɵɰɿɫɧɟɲ ɬɪɨɯɿ – ɫɦɚɤɚɬɚ! Ⱥ ɬɨ ɞɵɤ ɤɚɠɭɰɶ ɹɲɱɷ ɫɦɚ-ɤɚ-ɬɷɣ-ɧɚ!.. [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 37–38]
Ʌɿɪɵɱɧɚɣ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɚɣ ɬɚɥɟɧɬɭ ə. Ȼɪɵɥɹ ɚɛɭɦɨʆɥɟɧɵ ɜɵɛɚɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɚɪɭ ɝɚɥɨʆ- ɧɚɝɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɹɤɿ, ɛɟɡɭɦɨʆɧɚ, ɡ’ɹʆɥɹɟɰɰɚ porte-parole ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ, ɧɚɞɡɜɵɱɚɣ ɱɭɥɚɝɚ ɿ ʆɪɚɠɥɿɜɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɝɚɠɨɫɰɶ ɫɜɟɬɭ. ɉɚɥɨɧɧɵ ɝɥɹɞɡɿɰɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɭ ɩɪɚɡ ɩɪɵɡɦɭ ɪɨɞ- ɧɚɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɿ, ɲɬɨ ʆɡɦɚɰɧɹɟ ɹɝɨ ɬɭɝɭ ɡɚ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɚɣ:
ɋɨɧɰɚ ɫɚɞɡɿɰɰɚ ɰɹɩɟɪ ɧɚɞ ɱɭɠɵɦɿ ɩɪɚɫɬɨɪɚɦɿ. ȱ ɬɭɬ ɫɩɚɤɨɣɧɚ, ɜɟɥɿɱɧɚ, ɚɛɹɰɚɸɱɵ ɲɱɚɫɰɟ ɫɩɚɱɵɧɭ ɩɚ ɩɪɚɰɵ, ɱɚɪɨʆɧɭɸ ɰɿɲɵɧɸ...
“ɇɟ, ɧɟ ɬɨɟ ʆɫɺ ɝɷɬɚ, – ɭ ɞɭɦɤɚɯ ɝɚɜɨɪɵɰɶ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ.– ɇɹɦɚ ɬɭɬ ɱɚɝɨɫɶɰɿ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɿɫ- ɬɨɬɧɚɝɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɚɝɨ ɬɵ ɿ ɡɧɨɣɞɡɟɲ ɩɚɬɪɷɛɧɚɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɬɨ ɿ ɧɟ ɡɧɨɣɞɡɟɲ...
Ʌɺɫɟ ɦɨɣ ɠɨɪɫɬɤɿ! Ʉɚɥɿ ɠ ɬɵ ɞɚɡɜɨɥɿɲ ɦɧɟ ɡɧɨʆ ɭɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɩɟɪɲɵɹ ɦɷɧɞɥɿ ɧɚ ʆɡɝɨɪ- ɤɭ ɡɚ ɪɨɞɧɚɸ ɜɺɫɤɚɣ, ɚɞɱɭɰɶ ɿɪɠɚɜɭɸ ɞɭɯɦɹɧɚɫɰɶ, ɫɚɪɞɷɱɧɭɸ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ ɠɧɿʆɧɚɣ ɩɟɫ- ɧɿ?..” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 109]
ȼɿɞɚɰɶ, ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɜɚ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɜɚɤɨɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɫɜɟɬɭ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲ ɜɵɪɚɡɧɚ ɚɞɥɸ- ɫɬɪɨʆɜɚɸɰɰɚ ɩɚɱɭɰɰɿ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ, ɹɤɿ ɛɟɡɭɩɵɧɧɚ ɦɚɪɵɰɶ ɚɛ ɜɹɪɬɚɧɧɿ ʆ ɫɜɚɺ ɪɨɞɧɚɟ ɝɧɹɡɞɨ ɧɚɞ ɐɿɯɦɟɧɧɸ, ɭ ɉɚɫɵɧɤɿ. “ɂ ɷɬɚ ɨɫɬɪɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɚɥɶɝɢɹ, – ɹɤ ɫɥɭɲɧɚ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵɥɚ Ƚɚɥɿɧɚ Ɍɜɚɪɚɧɨɜɿɱ, – ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ” [Ɍɜɚɪɚɧɨɜɢɱ 1986, 63].
“ɉɿ, ɛɪɚɬɨɤ, ɰɿɲɵɧɸ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 338] – ɝɚɜɨɪɵɰɶ Ⱥɥɟɫɶ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱ Ɇɚɡɚɥɶ- ɤɭ, ɤɚɥɿ ʆɞɚɟɰɰɚ ɿɦ ɩɟɪɚɫɬɭɩɿɰɶ ɦɹɠɭ, ɚ ɩɨɬɵɦ “ɭ ɰɿɲɵɧɸ ɩɪɚɜɚɥɿʆɫɹ, ɭ ɧɟɜɵɪɚɡɧɵ ɜɟɪɚɫɚɜɵ ɩɚɯ, ɿ ɡɟɦɥɹɧɵ, ɿ ɥɸɛɵ” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 338]. ɇɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ ɫɥɨʆ ɯɚɩɿɥɚ ɩɿɫɶ- ɦɟɧɧɿɤɭ, ɤɚɛ ɜɵɤɚɡɚɰɶ ʆɫɺ: ɿ ɩɚɥɺɝɤɭ, ɲɬɨ, ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɧɚɪɚɞɡɿɥɚɫɹ ʆ ɫɷɪɰɵ ʆɰɟɤɚɱɚ, ɿ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ, ɜɵɤɥɿɤɚɧɵ ɹɝɨ ɞɨʆɝɚɱɚɤɚɧɚɣ ɫɭɫɬɪɷɱɚɣ ɡ ɪɨɞɧɵɦɿ ɤɪɚɹɜɿɞɚɦɿ.
ȱɫɬɨɬɧɚ, ɲɬɨ ɡ’ɹɜɵ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɵ ɱɚɫɬɚ ɚɞɥɸɫɬɪɨʆɜɚɸɰɶ ɭɧɭɬɪɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɧ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭ- ɧɟɜɿɱɚ. ɍ ɫɚɦɵɹ ɜɚɠɧɵɹ ɿ ɬɪɚɝɿɱɧɵɹ ʆ ɠɵɰɰɿ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɦɨɦɚɧɬɵ ɿɞɡɟ ɞɨɠɞɠ:
ɭ ɞɚɠɞɠɥɿɜɚɟ ɧɚɞɜɨɪ’ɟ, ɧɚɩɪɵɤɥɚɞ, ɩɚɦɿɪɚɟ ɛɚɰɶɤɚ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ Ɋɭɧɟɜɿɱɚ, ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɩɟɪɲɵɯ ɭɰɺɤɚʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɚʆ ɫɭɩɪɚɜɚɞɠɚɟ ɞɨɠɞɠ, ɹɤɿ “ɦɚɟ ɱɚɫ, ɹɦɭ ɤɭɞɵ ɬɚɦ ɫɩɹɲɚɰɰɚ, ɹɦɭ ʆɫɺ ɪɨʆɧɚ, ɞɡɟ ɚɫɹɞɚɰɶ ɧɚ ɡɹɦɥɸ...” [Ȼɪɵɥɶ 1968, ȱȱȱ, 136].
Ʌɿɪɵɡɦ – ɜɵɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɚɦɿɧɚɧɬɚ ɛɪɵɥɺʆɫɤɚɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ, ɞɚɡɜɨɥɿʆ ɚʆɬɚɪɭ ɉɬɭɲɚɤ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚʆ ɫɭɚɞɧɟɫɰɿ ɫɜɨɣ ɥɺɫ ɡ ɥɺɫɚɦ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ ɿ ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɜɵɤɚɡɚɰɶ ɧɚɣɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɟ: ɲɱɵɪɭɸ ɥɸɛɨʆ ɞɚ ɑɚɥɚɜɟɤɚ, ɜɟɪɭ ʆ ɹɝɨ ɱɚɥɚɜɟɱɧɚɫɰɶ. ɍ ɪɚɦɚɧɟ ɹɫɤɪɚɜɚ ɜɵɹɜɿɥɚɫɹ ɥɿɪɵɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɵɪɨɞɚ ɬɚɥɟɧɬɭ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ, ɹɝɨ ɚɫɚɛɿɫɬɚɹ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɹ ɜɵɫɚɤɚɪɨɞɧɚɫɰɶ. Ȼɟɡɭɦɨʆɧɚ, ɉɬɭɲɤɚɦ ɿ ɝɧɺɡɞɚɦ ɧɚɥɟɠɵɰɶ ɜɚɠɧɚɟ ɦɟɫɰɚ ʆ ɛɟɥɚ- ɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
Bibliografia:
Ⱥɧɞɪɚɸɤ ɋ., 1999, Ⱦɭɦɚɸɱɵ ɩɪɚ ɜɟɱɧɚɟ, ɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɲɬɨɞɡɺɧɧɚɟ // Ȼɪɵɥɶ ə., Ɂɚɩɚɜɟɬɧɚɟ. ȼɵɛɪɚ- ɧɵɹ ɬɜɨɪɵ, Ɇɿɧɫɤ: Ȼɟɥɥɿɬɮɨɧɞ, 3–24.
Ȼɪɵɥɶ ə., 1968, Ɂɛɨɪ ɬɜɨɪɚʆ ɭ ɱɚɬɵɪɨɯ ɬɚɦɚɯ, Ɇɿɧɫɤ: Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ.
Ȼɪɵɥɶ ə., 1993, ȼɵɛɪɚɧɵɹ ɬɜɨɪɵ ʆ ɬɪɨɯ ɬɚɦɚɯ, Ɇɿɧɫɤ: Ɇɚɫɬɚɰɤɚɹ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ.
Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥɚ ɉ.Ʉ., 1971, Ɋɚɦɚɧ ɿ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɶ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ // Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ. Ɋɚɦɚɧ ɿ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɶ, ɪɷɞ. Ȼɚɪɵɫɟɧɤa ȼ.ȼ., Ⱦɡɸɛɚɣɥa ɉ.Ʉ., Ɇɿɧɫɤ: ɇɚɜɭɤɚ ɿ ɬɷɯɧɿɤɚ, 278–430.
Ʉɚɡɥɨʆɫɤɿ Ɋ.Ʉ., 2006, ɉɪɚɡɚɿɱɧɚɹ ɦɿɧɿɹɰɸɪɚ ʆ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ, Ƚɪɨɞɧɚ: ȽɪȾɍ.
Ʉɚɥɟɫɧɿɤ ɍ., 1990, əɧɤɚ Ȼɪɵɥɶ. ɇɚɪɵɫ ɠɵɰɰɹ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ, Ɇɿɧɫɤ: ɇɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɜɟɬɚ.
ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ ȼ.Ȼ., 2001, əɧɤɚ Ȼɪɵɥɶ // Ƚɿɫɬɨɪɵɹ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɏɏ ɫɬɚɝɨɞɞɡɹ ʆ ɱɚɬɵ- ɪɨɯ ɬɚɦɚɯ, ɬ. 3, Ɇɿɧɫɤ: Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɜɭɤɚ, 479–520.
ɇɿɤɿɮɚɪɚɜɚ ȼ.Ȼ., 2013, Ɋɷɚɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ, ɜɵɞɭɦɤɚ, ɩɚɦɹɰɶ ɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɷɝɿɿ əɧɤɿ Ȼɪɵɥɹ // Ⱥɧ- ɬɪɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ: ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ: ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ.
ȼ 3 ɱ., ɱ. 1, Ƚɪɨɞɧɨ: ȽɪȽɍ, 135–143.
Ɍɜɚɪɚɧɨɜɢɱ Ƚ., 1986, ɇɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɝɟɪɨɹ. Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɸɝɨɫɥɚɜɫɤɚɹ ɜɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɚ 60–70-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ: ɇɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ.
Summary
GENERIC AND STYLISTIC FEATURES IN YANKA BRYL’S NOVEL PTUSHKI I GNYOZDI
This article is devoted to the analysis of generic and stylistic features in Yanka Bryl’s novel Ptushki i gnyozdi. The discussion is focused on the ways the main hero is presented as well as on the role of lyricism in the novel. The hero is in the center of composition that describes his feeling and expresses his thoughts and attitudes.
