TRIPOLYE TRAITS IN THE MATERIALS OF CENTRAL (POLISH) GROUP OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE — A RADIOCARBON PERSPECTIVE

CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURES BETWEEN

THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER:

3150-1850 B C Ivan T. Chernyakov ElkeKaiser Viktor I. Klo hko Aleksander Ko±ko Nikolay N.Kovalyukh VladimirA. Kr uts Mykola N. Kryvaltsevi h Vadim L. Lakiza Jan Ma hnik Sergey V. Nazarov Alla V. Nikolova Vadim V. Skripkin Marzena Szmyt Mihailo Y. Videiko 1 V O L U M E 7

•

1999

‘w.Mar in78

Tel.(061)8536709ext. 147,Fax(061)8533373

EDITOR

AleksanderKo±ko

EDITORIALCOMMITEE

SophiaS.Berezanskaya (Kiev),AleksandraCofta-Broniewska

(Pozna«), Mikhail Charniauski (Minsk), Lu yna Doma«ska

(Šód¹), ViktorI. Klo hko (Kiev), Valentin V. Otrosh henko

(Kiev),PetroTolo hko (Kiev)

SECRETARY

MarzenaSzmyt

SECRETARYOFVOLUME

AgnieszkaPrzybyª

ADAMMICKIEWICZUNIVERSITY

INSTITUTEOFEASTERNSTUDIES

INSTITUTEOFPREHISTORY

Pozna«1999

ISBN83-86094-06-0

CHRONOLOGY OF CULTURES BETWEEN

THE VISTULA AND DNIEPER:

3150-1850 B C Ivan T. Chernyakov ElkeKaiser Viktor I. Klo hko Aleksander Ko±ko Nikolay N.Kovalyukh VladimirA. Kr uts Mykola N. Kryvaltsevi h Vadim L. Lakiza Jan Ma hnik Sergey V. Nazarov Alla V. Nikolova Vadim V. Skripkin Marzena Szmyt Mihailo Y. Videiko 1 V O L U M E 7

•

1999

CoverDesign: EugeniuszSkorwider

Lingvisti onsultation:JohnComber

PrintedinPoland

EDITORS'FOREWORD ... 5

ASSUMPTIONS ... 7

ViktorI.Klo hko,AleksanderKo±ko,MarzenaSzmyt,PROBLEM

OFTAXONOMICLIMITATIONSINTHESYNTHESISOFTHEHISTORY

OFBALTIC-PONTICBORDERLANDIN3150-1850BC ... 7

NikolayN.Kovalyukh,Sergey V.Nazarov,RADIOCARBON

DATINGCALIBRATIONINARCHEOLOGICALSTUDIES ... 12

VadimV.Skripkin,NikolayN.Kovalyukh,RADIOCARBONLSDATING

OFBONEMICRO-SAMPLES ... 27

PARTI.THEBLACKSEABASIN(CHRONOLOGYOFTAXONOMICUNITS) ... 34

Mihailo Y.Videiko, RADIOCARBONDATINGCHRONOLOGYOFTHELATE

TRIPOLYECULTURE ... 34

ViktorI.Klo hko,VladimirA.Kruts,RADIOCARBONDATES

FROMTHEYAMNAYACULTUREBARROWATTHETRIPOLYECULTURE

"GIANTSETTLEMENT"NEARTALYANKY ... 72

AllaV. Nikolova,RADIOCARBONDATESFROMTHEGRAVES

OFTHEYAMNAYACULTUREATTHEINGULETSRIVER

(THEKIROVOHRADREGION) ... 80

AllaV. Nikolova,RADIOCARBONDATINGOFGRAVES

OFTHEYAMNAYAANDCATACOMBCULTURES

ONTHEDNIEPERRIGHTBANK ... 103

ElkeKaiser,RADIOCARBONDATESFROMCATACOMBGRAVES ... 129

Mykola Kryvaltsevi h,NikolayN.Kovalyukh,RADIOCARBONDATING

OFTHEMIDDLEDNIEPERCULTUREFROMBELARUS ... 151

ViktorI.Klo hko,RADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGYOFTHEEARLY

ANDMIDDLEBRONZEAGEINTHEMIDDLEDNIEPERREGION.

THEMYRONIVKABARROWS ... 163

Marzena Szmyt,IvanT. ChernyakovRADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGY

OF"AKKIEMBETSKIYKURGAN".APRELIMINARYREPORT ... 196

PARTII.THEBALTICSEABASIN(CHRONOLOGYOFPONTIC"INFLUENCE") .. 203

Aleksander Ko±ko,PONTICTRAITSINTHEMATERIALSOF

CULTURE|ARADIOCARBONPERSPECTIVE ... 211

JanMa hnik, RADIOCARBONCHRONOLOGYOFTHECORDEDWARE

CULTUREONGRZ†DASOKALSKA.AMIDDLEDNIEPER

TRAITSPERSPECTIVE ... 221

VadimL.L akiza, RADIOCARBONDATINGOFTHECORDEDWARE

CULTUREFROMTHENIEMENRIVERBASIN.AGRAVEFROM

PARKHUTY,SITE1,THEGRODNAREGION ... 251

CONCLUSION ... 264

ViktorI.Klo hko,AleksanderKo±ko,MarzenaSzmyt,ACOMPARATIVE

CHRONOLOGYOFTHEPREHISTORYOFTHEAREABETWEEN

THEVISTULAANDDNIEPER:3150-1850BC ... 264

Referen es ... 283

ThisvolumeoftheBalti Ponti Studies fo usesontheresultsoftheresear h

arried out so far into the absolute (radio arbon) hronology of the area lying

betweentheVistulaandDnieperorthebio- ultural borderlandbetween theWest

andEastofEurope.Absolute hronologyistreatedherebothasaresear hgoaland

fundamentalpremise inthebroaderstudiesof the hronometri anddevelopment

syn hronizationof\borderland" ulturalsystems.Ina seriesofarti les devotedto

individualtaxa a onsiderable numberofnew 14

Cdates havebeen ompared.The

dates on ernsour ematerialsthathavebeen hosenfromthepointofviewoftheir

representativenessand hronometri value (\short-lived"materials werepreferred

to minimize a potential error). The vast majority of analyses were purposefully

made in the same 14

C laboratory of the State S ienti Center of Environmental

Radiogeo hemistry of Ukrainian A ademy of S ien es in Kiev taking advantage of

fundsgenerouslyprovidedbythePolishCommitteeforS ienti Resear h.

Thevolume devotedto the\dark" se tionofthe\borderland"history

(3150--1850BC)istherstbutnotthelastpubli ationonthebroaderissuesmentioned

1. All dates in the B-PS are alibrated [see: Radio arbon vol.28, 1986, andthe

nextvolumes℄.Deviations fromthisrule willbepointoutinnotes.

2. Thenamesofthear haelogi al ulturesandsitesarestandarizedtotheEnglish

literatureonthesubje t(e.g.M.Gimbutas,J.P.Mallory).Inthe aseofanew

term,theauthor'soriginalnamehasbeenretained.

3. The spelling of names of lo alities having the rank of administrative entres

followsoÆ ial,state,Englishlanguage artographi publi ations(e.g. Ukraine,

vol.7:1999,211-220

PLISSN1231-0344

MarzenaSzmyt

TRIPOLYE TRAITS IN THE MATERIALS OFCENTRAL

(POLISH) GROUP OFTHE GLOBULAR AMPHORA

CULTURE | ARADIOCARBON PERSPECTIVE

The questionof onta tsbetween theGlobularAmphora ulture (GAC)and

theTripolye ulture(TC)so ietieshaso upieds holarsforalongtime.Theyhave

mainly fo used, however, ontheeastern groupof theGAC andthe forest-steppe

TCstru tures.The hara terofrelationshipsbetweenthetwounitshasbeen

asses-sed in most ases ontheunreliable basis ofthe o-o urren e ofthematerials of

both ulturesonthesame sites(espe ially, thepresen e of GAC erami s at T

ri-polyesettlements)[e.g.Passek1949:222;Sulimirski 1959:279;Sveshnikov1983:18℄.

Con lusionsdrawnfromsu hdatahaveled,for instan e,toa wrong

syn hroniza-tionoftheGAC withstage CIoftheTC[e.g.Sulimirski 1959:167; f.polemi sin:

Zbenovi h1976:46℄.Atpresent,thedataisbeingexpandedtoin ludemore

onvin- ing eviden e of thepartial ontemporaneity of both ulturesand dire t onta ts

betweentheirpopulations[e.g.Movsha1985a;Szmyt1999b℄.Relyingonstillrather

rare ases of the o-o urren e of GAC andTC traitsandthe urrentversion of

the hronologyofboth ultures[Videiko,Radio arbon

. . .

,inthisvolume℄,onemay justiablya eptathesisabout(partial?)the ontemporaneityoftheGACandL ate

TripolyegroupsofphaseCII[Movsha1985a:29℄.

As T.G. Movsha [1985a:28℄stressed it, between theTC andGAC there had

been noneutral zone.There is nodoubtthat areas o upied byGAC settlement

intheforest-steppezonehadbeenearlier,andatleastforsome time

ontempora-neously,o upiedbyL ateTripolyegroups(espe iallyGorodsk-Kasperovtsygroup).

What is stressed in this ontext isthe dierent hara ter of manyaspe ts of life

of people of both ultures [Gimbutas 1991℄. However, to view the relationships

between the so ieties solely from thepoint of view of their possible ompetition

(oreven strife)[e.g. Sulimirski1970:166; Zakharuk1971:179; Zbenovi h1976:46℄

wouldbepremature.

∗

Mu h less attention has been given to the question of the presen e of T

ri-polye traits within the entral (Polish) group of the GAC. The list of possible

identifying markers was rather short with the most important being vessel

orna-mentation with two-strand ord impressions. The a eptan e of the hypothesis

aboutthePonti originofthistypeofornamentationintheFunnelBeaker ulture

(FBC)[Ko±ko1981:99-101℄led tothe on lusionthatanalogous ornamentationin

theGAC had a similar origin (viatheFBC) [Ko±ko1991b:94,Czebreszuk, Szmyt

1992:116-117℄.

Now,thankstothemostre entresultsofeldresear hwehaveanentirelynew

ategoryofsour estestifyingtomutual onta tsbetweenTCso ietiesandthoseof

the entralGACgroup.These arevesselswithtra esofintentional oloringofthe

outer surfa e whi h have been identied within the Kujawy GAC agglomeration

[Szmyt1996a℄.

1. CATALOGUEOFSOURCES

The sour es urrently onsistof fragments ofsix vessels re orded at four

ar- haeologi al sites: Bo»ejewi e 22, Ku zkowo1, Pie ki 8,and ›egotki 2. The

pot-teryhas beensubje ted tophysi o hemi al analyses thathelped identifydyes and

determine their properties[L anger, Pietrzak1999;L anger, Szmyt1999℄.The

on-text of ea h ndhas been dis ussed in detail in sour epubli ations [Szmyt1998;

1999a℄.

A. Bo»ejewi e, Kujawy | Pomorze Prov., site 22, feature A10. In a pit [Szmyt

1999a℄, a belly pottery fragment was re orded. On its outer surfa e, a thin layer

ofdarkdye wasma ros opi ally identied(Fig.1:a). Theburningofthefragment

preventsanyassessment ofthete hnologyusedtomakeit.Thedyewas subje ted

tophysi o hemi alanalyses [L anger,Pietrzak1999℄whi hshowedittobeahighly

arbonizedsubstan e[\havingalow ontentoforgani ompoundsbuiltof

satura-tedhydro arbongroups"℄whose hara teristi sdieredfromthoseofwoodtaror

bituminousmaterials. Nevertheless,thedyewasfoundtohavebeenobtained\ina

pro esssimilar tothatin whi h woodtaris obtainedandused" [L anger, Pietrzak

1999℄.The dye wastreated with high temperature (mostprobably thete hnology

of\thermalstabilizationofthedyelayer")[L anger,Pietrzak1999℄.

B. Bo»ejewi e, Kujawy | Pomorze Prov., site 22, feature A2. In a pit [Szmyt

1999a℄, a belly pottery fragment was re orded. On its outer surfa e, a thin layer

Fig.1.L o ationofGlobularAmphora ulturesitesdisplaying\Tripolye"traitsinKujawy.

1-Bo»ejewi e,Kujawy-PomorzeProv.,site22,2-Ku zkowosite1,3-Pie kisite8,4-›egotkisite2

1996:26-27℄,i.e. ontaining leaning temper onsisting of oarse rushedstoneand

neandmediumgrain sand,whi harereadilyvisibleinthe ompa tfra ture.The

resultsofphysi o hemi alanalysesshowedthedyetobeamineralsubstan emade

onthebasisof ironoxides \whi h are transformedintoa durablered ompound,

Fe

2 O

3

,knownas hematite,when potteryisredin oxidizing onditions"[L anger,

Szmyt1999℄.Thedyewasspreadoveraspe iallypreparedbeigegroundmadefrom

erami materialinthepro essofring thankstoappropriatethermo hemi al

tre-atment[L anger,Szmyt1999℄.

Fig.4.A.Pie kiKujawy-Pomorze Prov.,site8.Asele tionofGlobularAmphora ulturepottery

[Szmyt1999a℄,apotteryfragmentwithathinlayerofbla kdyeonitsoutersurfa e

was found(Fig.1: ). The vesselhad beenmade a ordingto a formulaknownas

te hnologi al group IIIb1 ( f. item B above). The partially preserved rim of the

vesselbelongstotype1e[Ko±ko1981:32-33℄,i.e. ithasstraightwallsandanar hed

top.Thedyewasidentied usingphysi o hemi alanalysestobeanalogoustothat

inthe ase offragmentA[L anger,Pietrzak1999℄.

D.Pie ki,Kujawy|PomorzeProv.,site8,feature18.Indeposits overingagrave

[Szmyt1998℄,afragmentof avessel bellywas found.Onitsoutersurfa e, it bore

traits of reddish-brown dye (Fig. 1:d). The vessel had been made a ording to a

formula known as te hnologi al group IIIb1 ( f. item B above). Physi o hemi al

analyses onrmed thema ros opi identi ation of thedye whi h turned outto

be a mineral substan ehaving similar propertiestothosein the aseof fragment

B. The only dieren eisthe fa tthatthebright (beige) ground waspurposefully

spreadoverthegray erami materialasan\additionalthinlayeronthesurfa eof

apreliminarily redvessel"[L anger,Szmyt1999℄.

E. ›egotki,Kujawy |PomorzeProv.,site2,ex avationB1a. Intheslopewash

o-vering theupperportions oftheex avation, underneatha thi ker layerof humus

[Szmyt1999a℄,sevenbellyfragmentsofthesame vesselwerere orded.Onitsouter

surfa e, a red substan e was found (Fig. 1:e). The vessel was made a ording to

the formula knownas te hnologi al group IIIB2, i.e. with temper of oarse

bro-ken stone,plantadmixture andne/mediumgrain sand; itsfra turewas stratied.

Oneofthefragmentswasanalyzedphysi o hemi allytondoutifthema ros opi

identi ation of the dye was orre t. Itturned out to be a mineral substan e of

analogouspropertiestothoseinthe aseoffragmentB[L anger,Szmyt1999℄.The

dye was spread on a brown ground obtained from a erami material duringthe

pro essofring.

F. ›egotki, Kujawy | Pomorze Prov., site 2, ex avation B1a. In thesame

strati-graphi lo ation asfragmentE,remains ofanothervesselwere found.Theirouter

surfa e was overed with a red substan e as well (Fig. 1:f). The vessel was made

a ording toformula IIIB1(see item B above).In this ase, too, physi o hemi al

analyses onrmed thema ros opi identi ation of the dye whi h was found to

be a mineral substan e whose propertieswere analogous to thoseof fragment B

[L anger,Szmyt1999℄.

Asit anbeseen fromtheaboveinformation,intheanalyzedsour esorgani

andmineraldyeswereidentied. Theformerwere madefrommaterialsrelatedto

woodtar[L anger, Ko±ko 1986℄,while thelatter were based onironoxides. Being

relatively badly damaged, the olored surfa es preventidenti ation of any

orna-mentationpatterns. What an onlybe as ertained is thefa tthatdyes were used

2. CHRONOLOGICALANALYSIS

Thesour espresentedintherstpart omefromsettlement(A,B),sepul hral

(D) andotherritual (C) features as well as from a \ ultural layer" (E, F).In all

the ases,it ispossible todetermine therelative hronologyofrespe tivefeatures

[Szmyt1998;1999a℄.Inparti ular,three of them(Bo»ejewi e 22,features A2and

A10andKu zkowo1,featureA136)mayberelatedtophaseIIbofGACsettlement

a ording tothe Kujawy periodization [Szmyt1996: 34-35℄,one (Pie ki 8, feature

18)tophaseIIIa,while the\ ulturallayer"from›egotki2maybeasso iated with

phases IIb-IIIa.These hronologi al assessments are borne outand adjustedbya

seriesofradio arbondatingspresentedinTable1.

Table 1

14

CdatingsrelatedtoGACfeatures ontainingpaintedpottery.CalibrationusingWeninger1993

No. L o ality Feature Phase Typeof Material L ab.no. Conv.bp CalBC

feature [Weninger1993℄

1 Ku zkowo1 C2 IIb ritual bones Ki-6920 4525

±

45 3200

±

95 2 Ku zkowo1 C2 IIb ritual bones Ki-6496 4520

±

45 3203

±

95 3 Ku zkowo1 C2 IIb ritual bones Ki-6919 4490

±

40 3226

±

98 4 Ku zkowo1 C2 IIb ritual bones Ki-6921 4480

±

40 3209

±

106 5 Ku zkowo1 A136 IIb ritual bones Ki-6927 4420

±

55 3010

±

105 6 Ku zkowo1 A136 IIb ritual bones Ki-6917 4415

±

45 3003

±

81 7 Ku zkowo1 A136 IIb ritual bones Ki-6929 4400

±

50 2994

±

76 8 Ku zkowo1 A136 IIb ritual bones Ki-6928 4385

±

45 2977

±

62 9 Ku zkowo1 A136 IIb ritual bones Ki-6926 4370

±

50 2974

±

62 10 Bo»ejewi e22 F44 IIb pit bones Ki-6913 4335

±

40 2946

±

53 11 Bo»ejewi e22 A2 IIb ritual bones Ki-6914 4305

±

45 2929

±

57 12 Bo»ejewi e22 A3 IIb pit bones Ki-6912 4275

±

45 2843

±

78 13 Pie ki8 16 IIIa pit bones Ki-5681 4270

±

30 2891

±

37 14 Pie ki8 13 IIIa pit bones Ki-5680 4230

±

25 2819

±

65 15 Pie ki8 18 IIIa grave bones Ki-6513 4105

±

40 2594

±

108 16 ›egotki2 A68 IIIa pit bones Ki-6220 4150

±

45 2740

±

101 17 ›egotki2 A113 IIIa ritual bones Ki-6221 4030

±

60 2539

±

81

Bo»ejewi e 22. Both features (A2 and A10) are related to the same settlement

legitimate result indi ating that the settlement was o upied about 2897 BC (1

interval of 3000-2880BC) [Szmyt 1999a℄. It is also this hronology that an be

as ribedtothedis ussedpotteryfragments.

Ku zkowo1.ForthebonesofananimalburiedatthebottomoffeatureA136,ve

datingswere obtained (Table 1),thejoint alibration of whi h setsthetime of a

3031 BC (1 interval of 3070-2920BC) [Szmyt1999a℄. Be ause thefragment of

painted potterywas foundin the deposits overingthefeature, thedating annot

be dire tly applied to it. Ona ount of the homogenous hara ter of the lling

material, it may be a epted thatthegrave was lled relatively qui kly. It means

that the dating orresponds to the hronologyof the dis ussed fragment or sets

terminusantequemforit.Admittedly,inthezoneofthesite losetofeatureA136,

nosignsof older GAC settlement were found,but su hsigns were a tuallyfound

approx.200mwestofit(featureC2). Theyare alsoasso iatedwithphaseIIb,but

with its older segment o urring a 3230BC (1 interval of3300-3110BC). This

resultwasobtainedby alibratingfourradio arbondatingsfromfeatureC2[Szmyt

1999a℄.Insum,themostprobable hronologyoftheanalyzedfragmenttsintothe

periodof3230-3030BC.

P ie ki8.Thebonesofade easedperson,pla edonthebottomofagrave(feature

18)were datedprodu inga dateof a 2594

±

198BC(2700-2490BC; Table 1).At the site, however, older settlement was re orded belonging to phase IIIa as well

[Szmyt1998℄.Somelightisshedonits hronologybythe on urrentdatingsoftwo

settlementpits(of features 13and16)whosejoint alibrationmarks outthetime

of a 2886 BC (1 interval of 2890-2760BC). The fragment of a painted vessel

was re orded in the deposits overing thegrave. Hen e, it ismost probable that

thedatefrom thegraveis terminusantequem forthefragment,whereas thedates

fromsettlementfeaturesareitsterminuspostquem.Inotherwords,the hronology

of thefragmentlies withintheinterval of max.2890-2490BC (minimuminterval:

2760-2700BC).

›egotki2. Inthe\ ultural layer", in ex avation B1a, there o urredmaterials

di-splayingfeaturesasso iatedwithphasesIIbandIIIaoftheGAC[Szmyt1999a℄. 14

C

dates are available only fortwo features asso iated with the same phase, namely

IIIa,butwithsettlementdatingtotwodierentperiods:theolderoneo urring a

2740

±

101BCandtheyoungeronedatedto2539

±

81BC(Table 1).Consequently, thetwodatessetterminusad quemforthefragmentsofpaintedpotterypresented

here,i.e. the hronologyofthefragmentsshouldfallontheyoungerofthenamed

intervalsatthelatest.

To sum up all the re ounted investigations, it an be said that the hitherto

re orded manifestations of theuse of dyes in the manufa ture of GAC erami s

arerelatedtophasesIIbandIIIa,whileitsabsolute hronology overstheperiodof

of theuseof organi andmineraldyes dier onsiderably.The former havebeen

identied so far only in phase IIb materials (Ku zkowo 1, Bo»ejewi e 22), while

the latter have been re orded in pottery assemblages from phases IIb and IIIa

(Bo»ejewi e22,Pie ki8,›egotki2).Theabsolute hronologymaybethusxedat

3030-2900BC(organi dyes)and2900-2460BC(mineral dyes).

CONCLUSION

TheoriginsoftheornamentationtypeofGACpotterydis ussedhere may be

soughtonlyin theTC ir le. The hronologi al ndings presentedabove allow us

to syn hronize the manifestations of the use of dyes among the so ieties of the

Kujawy GAC with phaseCII of theTC [see papers by Videiko, Radio arbon

. . .

, Ko±ko,Klo hko,Szmyt,AComparative

. . .

,inthisvolume℄.Furtherstudiesshould fo usontra ingthetransmissionroutesandme hanisms ofthisuniquete hnology

fromPonti toBalti ommunities.Atpresent,themostplausiblehypothesisseems

to be the one about the transmission through the mediation of Volhynia GAC

so ieties [Szmyt1996; 1999b℄.It must be noted,however, thatthe hronologyof

theoldestmanifestationsoftheuseofthepotterypaintingte hniqueintheKujawy

GAC,setaboveat a3030BCatthelatest,pre edestheoldestdatingsforVolhynia

GACstru tures[Kadrow,Szmyt1996;Szmyt1999b℄.Furthermore,inthematerials

oftheeasterngroupoftheGACnotra esofdyeshavebeenfound.Therefore,itis

notentirelyimpossiblethatthetransmissionofthedis ussedskillsinvolvedKujawy

FBCso ietiesamong whomtheuse ofdyes (primarilyorgani ones) rea hesba k

to a3600BC[L anger,Ko±ko1992℄.Whatismore,asitfollowsfromthedata ited

in part2, thetra es of theuseof organi dyes areonthewholeolder (asso iated

ex lusivelywithphaseIIbanddatedto a3030-2900BC),whereasthoseofmineral

dyes are younger (are asso iated with phases IIb and IIIa and an be dated to

2900-2460BC). Thequestion,however, allsformore studies.

***

Theexperien esofarhasindi atedthatthete hnologiesofspreadingdyeson

pottery,originating withthe TC, were adopted hie y by FBC so ieties. [L anger,

Ko±ko1992℄.Thendingsdis ussedhereargueinfavorofawiderre eptionofthese

te hnologiesthanitwasthoughtbefore.The ir leofre eption ismadestillwider

bytheinformationabouttheuseof (mineral?) dyesbyOld Upland(Maªopolska)

AO { Arkheologi heskiyeotkrytya,Moskva.

AJA { Ameri anJournalofAr haeology,NewYork.

BPS { Balti -Ponti Studies,Pozna«.

EA { EurasiaAntiqua,Berlin.

FPP { Folia Praehistori a Posnaniensia,Pozna«.

KSIA { Kratkiyesoobsh heniyaInstitutaArkheologii,Moskva.

KSIAANUSSR { Kratkiye soobsh heniya Instituta Arkheologii AN USSR,

Kiev.

KSIIMK { Kratkiye soobsh heniya Instituta Istorii Materialnoy

kul-tury,Moskva.

KSOGAM { Kratkie Soobsh heniya OdesskogoGosudarstvennogo

Ar-kheologi heskogoMuzeya,Odessa.

MIA { Materialy iissledovaniyapoarkheologii,Moskva.

NAIANANU { NaukovyArkhivInstitutaArkheologiiNa ionalnoi

Akade-mii NaukUkrainu, Kiev.

SA { SovetskayaArkheologia, Moskva.

SpA { SprawozdaniaAr heologi zne, Kraków.

ZFA { Zeits hriftf urAr haologie,Berlin.

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IvanI.Chernyakov

InstituteofAr haeology

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

GeroivStalingrada12

254655Kiev

Ukraine

ElkeKaiser

Seminarf urUr-undFrehgesi hte

FreieUniversitatBerlin

Altensteinstrae15

14195Berlin

Germany

ViktorI.Klo hko

InstituteofAr haeology

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

GeroivStalingrada12

254655Kiev

Ukraine

AleksanderKo±ko

InstituteofPrehistory

AdamMi kiewi zUniversity

±w.Mar in78

61-809Pozna«

Poland

E-mail:koskomman.poznan .pl

NikolayN.Kovalyukh

DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry

InstituteofGeo hemistry

andPhysi sofMinerals

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

Palladina34

252142Kiev

Ukraine

VladimirA.Kruts

InstituteofAr haeology

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

GeroivStalingrada12

254655Kiev

Ukraine

MykolaN.Kryvaltsevi h

InstituteofHistory

A ademyofS ien esofBelarus

F.Skaryna1

Minsk220072

VadimL.L akiza

InstituteofHistory

A ademyofS ien esofBelarus

F.Skaryna1

Minsk220072

Belarus

JanMa hnik

InstituteofAr haeologyandEtnology

PolishA ademyofS ien es

Sªawkowska19

31-016Kraków

Poland

SergeyV.Nazarov

DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry

InstituteofGeo hemistry

andPhysi sofMinerals

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

Palladina34

252142Kiev

Ukraine

AllaV.Nikolova

InstituteofAr haeology

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

GeroivStalingrada12

254655Kiev

Ukraine

VadimV.Skripkin

DepartmentofEnvironmentalRadiogemistry

InstituteofGeo hemistry

andPhysi sofMinerals

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

Palladina34

252142Kiev

Ukraine

MarzenaSzmyt

InstituteofEasternStudies

AdamMi kiewi zUniversity

Nowowiejskiego55

61-734Pozna«

Poland

E-mail:marzenamain.am u.e du. pl

MihailoY.Videiko

InstituteofAr haeology

UkrainianA ademyofS ien es

Vydubi kaya40

252014Kiev

CenturiesB.C., byViktorI.Klo hko.

Vol.2:NomadismandPastoralismintheCir leofBalti {Ponti EarlyAgrarian

Cultures: 5000{1650B C,editedbyAleksanderKo±ko

Vol.3: CemeteriesoftheSoevkatype:2950{2750B C, editedbyAleksander

Ko±ko

Vol.4: Eastern Exodus of the Globular Amphora People: 2950 - 2350 B C,

editedbyAleksanderKo±ko.

Vol.5: BeyondBalkanization,edited byLu ynaDoma«ska,KenJa obs and

Aleksander Ko±ko.

Vol.6:TheTrz inie AreaoftheEarlyBronzeAgeCivilization:1950{1200B C,

editedbyAleksanderKo±ko.

Orders regardingB-PS should beadressed dire tlyto theEditorialOÆ e

(Balti -Ponti Studies,InstituteofPrehistory,‘w.Mar in78,61-809Pozna«,

Poland).

Thepubli ationsis arriedoutwithintheresear hproje tNo.1H01G05912

(in part No. 1H01G01810)nan ed in the years 1997{1999 by the