ɎȿɇɈɆȿɇ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɃ ɉɊɈɁɕ:
ɉɂɋȺɌȿɅɂ – ɊȿɎȿɊȿɇɌɕ ɂɇɈɗɌɇɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕ THE RUSSIAN PROSE PHENOMENON:
WRITERS – SPOKESMEN FOR DIFFERENT ETHNIC CULTURES
ɗɅȿɈɇɈɊȺ ɒȺɎɊȺɇɋɄȺə
ABSTRACT. The contemporary literature borders don't agree with the formal state borders. The Russian literature is an example of this. Its ethnic index doesn't correspond either with a writer's residence or his citizenship. Belonging to the Russian literature is defined by the Russian language. Some of non-Russian ethnic writers win awards for their contribution to the Russian literature. Thus any author writing in Russian is a Russian writer.
By origin and nurture D. Rubina, T. Pulatov, S. Aflatuni, CH. Aytmatov, A. Volos et al. belong to the Russian culture as well as to a non-Russian one. Being in the sphere of folk and family mythology, memories, traditions, ethnic cooking, religious myths, these writers create their non-Russian ethnic works in Russian. They appear as commentators, interpreters, mediators between two mentalities: the own and the non-own, acting as spokesmen for non-Russian ethnic culture, or as translators between different mentalities, different ethnic values.
ɗɥɟɨɧɨɪɚ ɒɚɮɪɚɧɫɤɚɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɏɏ ɜ. ɢ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ XX–XXI ɜɜ. ɯɚɪɚɤ-ɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ – ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɞɢɫɤɭɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ – ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ: ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ-ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ-ɹɡɵɤ-ɩɹɬɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɚ: ɝɞɟ ɩɢɲɟɬ? ɤɬɨ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ? ɨ ɱɟɦ ɩɢɲɟɬ? ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ? ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-ɥɹɟɬɫɹ „ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ” ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɣ” ɚɡɟɪɛɚɣɞɠɚɧɫɤɢɣ (ɚɛɯɚɡɫɤɢɣ, ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɣ, ɢɡɪɚɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɢɥɢ ɩɢ-ɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɶɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɪ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ „ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ”: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɵɜɲɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ȼ. ȼɨɣɧɨɜɢɱ, ɜɵɞɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɣ Ȼɪɟɠɧɟɜɵɦ ɢɡ ɋɋɋɊ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚ-ɧɢɢ, ɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɠɢɜɟɬ „ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɞɨɦɚ”, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɢ ȼ. Ⱥɤɫɟɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ – ɤɬɨ ɨɧɢ, ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ „ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɭ” ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ? ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɩɪɨɠɢ-ɜɚɜɲɢɣ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɜ ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧɟ, ɩɢɫɚɜɲɢɣ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ, ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠ-ɞɟɧɢɸ ɭɡɛɟɤ/ɬɚɞɠɢɤ, ɧɵɧɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɢɧ – ɜ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɧɢɲɭ ɡɚɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ (Ɍ. ɉɭɥɚ-ɬɨɜ)? Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɢ, ɩɢɲɭɳɢɣ ɢ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɢ ɩɨ-ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢ (Ɇ. ɒɢɲɤɢɧ)? Ɋɨɞɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ ɫɬɚɜ-ɲɢɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɜɚɥɚ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɹ ɬɚɦ ɠɟ (ɧɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɷɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ) – ɤɭɞɚ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ (ɋɭɯɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ)? ɂ ɬ.ɞ. ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɨɛ-ɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, – ɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɧɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɝɨ-ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɡɵɤ: Ʉɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɨɣ, ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɣ, ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – ɧɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɧɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɩɨ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɭ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ – ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɣ-ɬɢ ɢɡ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɜɵɣ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ […] ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɢɧɭɬɶɫɹ – ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ ɜɫɟɣ1 . Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɭ ɩɪɢɱɢɫɥɹɟɦ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɚ ɩɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɦɭ ɮɚɤɬɭ, ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵ ɨɧ ɧɢ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɥ, ɧɨ ɩɢɲɭɳɢɣ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ, – ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ. ɂ ɞɟɥɨ ɧɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɨɪɫɤɭɸ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɢɦɢ/ɟɜɪɟɣ-ɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɪ., – ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ, ɫɬɢɥɹ, ɯɭɞɨ-ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨ--ɫɜɨɟɦɭ, ɧɟɜɚɠɧɨ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ: ɜ ɤɢɲɥɚɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɟ, ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɢɥɢ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɟ, ɡɧɚɟɬ ɨɧ ɨɞɢɧ, ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ, ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚ-ɬɪɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ-ɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɞɶɛɵ, ɬɟɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ-ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɢ ɧɨɫɬɚɥɶɝɢɢ, ɧɢ ɪɚɡɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɪ, ɫɠɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ „ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ”. ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ, ɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɚ, ɜɵɲɟɞɲɚɹ ɢɡ-ɩɨɞ ɩɟɪɚ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɨ ɮɚɤɬɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɩɨɫɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɱɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɫɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭ: ɦɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨ-ɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ, ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɜɢɞɢɦɨ, ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣ: ɷɬɨ Ⱦɢɧɚ Ɋɭɛɢɧɚ, Ⱥɧ-ɞɪɟɣ ȼɨɥɨɫ, ɋɭɯɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ. ɗɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵ ɩɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ „ɩɚɪɚ-ɦɟɬɪɚɦ”: „ɩɹɬɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɚ”, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ, ɚ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɜɫɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɚ-________________ 1 ɋ. ɑ ɭ ɩ ɪ ɢ ɧ ɢ ɧ, Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ: ɠɢɡɧɶ ɩɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007, ɫ. 160.
ɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ „ɨɤɨɺɦɟ” – „ɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɬɥɟ” ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ. ɇɟɩɨ-ɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ, ɩɨɜɥɢɹɜɲɢɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɬɚɥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ. „ȼɚɪɹɫɶ” ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɸɠɧɵɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ, ɷɬɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɧɨɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ „ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ”, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɮɨɪ-ɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ, ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ – ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɫɪɟɞɟ: ɩɨɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɟɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɹɡɵɱɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɵɲɟɞɲɢɯ (ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɨ, „ɜɵɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɵɯ”) ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɟɧ, ɬ.ɤ. ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ (ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɵɜɲɢɯ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤ) ɯɚɪɚɤ-ɬɟɪɟɧ „ɢɫɯɨɞ” ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ (ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ); ɪɭɫɫɤɨ-ɹɡɵɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɛɵɜɲɢɯ ɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɢɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɢ-ɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɢ-ɥɨɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɜɤɚɡɫɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɦɢ. …ɋ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɜɚɪɹɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ȼɚɜɢɥɨɧɟ ɷɬɧɨɫɨɜ, ɧɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɦɵ ɡɧɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ: ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɧɨ ɧɚɞɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɫɨɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɪɚɡ ɧɟɤɭɞɚ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɞɟɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ – ɫɨɫɭɫɨɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ! ɂ ɜɨɬ ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɣ, ɢ ɟɫɬɶ – ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɤɚ-ɱɟɫɬɜ… ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ… Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ Ɂɚɩɚɞɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɟɡɥɢɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ „ɬɨɥɟ-ɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ”... Ⱦɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ, ɚ – ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ-ɧɚɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɦɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ „ɹ”, – ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɲɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɵ ɧɟ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɚ ɨɧ – ɧɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɟɛɹ...2 , – ɬɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜ-ɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɛɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, Ⱦɢɧɚ Ɋɭɛɢɧɚ. …ȼɫɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɫ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ – ɢ ɫ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɸ, ɢ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ3 , – ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɋ. ɑɭɩɪɢɧɢɧ, ɢɦɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɩɢɲɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɢ, ɤ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɨ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨ-ɧɵ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ – „ɤɨɫɦɨɝɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ” ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɢɦ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ), ɫ ɞɪɭ-ɝɨɣ – ɷɬɢɦ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ „ɦɟɫɫɟɞɠ” ɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɚɬɶ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɦɭ ɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ. ɗɬɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɥɢ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɇɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ, ɧɚ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɡɪɚɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ ȼɨɬ ɢɞɟɬ Ɇɟɫɫɢɹ! Ⱦɢɧɵ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ „ɝɢɛɪɢɞɵ”, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ________________ 2Ⱦ.ɂ. Ɋ ɭ ɛ ɢ ɧ ɚ, ɇɚ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɭɥɢɰɵ: pɨɦɚɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2006, ɫ. 366. 3ɋ. ɑ ɭ ɩ ɪ ɢ ɧ ɢ ɧ, ɭɤɚɡ. coɱ., ɫ. 249.
ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟ ɫɬɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɚ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟɤɚɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ4 . ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɥɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ, ɧɢ ɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɥ ɷɬɭ ɬɟɦɭ ɨɮɢɰɢɨɡ-ɧɵɦ ɩɚɮɨɫɨɦ. ɂɫɬɢɧɧɵɟ „ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ” ɩɟɪɢɩɟɬɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɡɚɤɭɥɢɫɧɵɣ ɯɚ-ɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ, ɞɪɭɠɛɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ. ɗɩɨɯɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ ɜɟɤɨɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥɚ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɣ, ɬɨ ɜɧɟɫɥɚ ɪɹɞ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ: ɩɪɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢɧɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɮɢɰɢ-ɨɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫ ɢɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɢ-ɦɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɚɤɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɭɞɚ-ɢɡɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɥɚɦɚ, ɬɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɨ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɧɚɧɤɨɣ ɦɨɪɚɥɢ (ɢɥɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɦ „ɤɚɪɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ” ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ), ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ XX–XXI ɜɜ. „ɥɟɝɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ”: ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɬɥɟɸ-ɳɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬɟɪɩɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼ. Ɋɚɫɩɭɬɢɧ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ Ⱦɨɱɶ ɂɜɚɧɚ, ɦɚɬɶ ɂɜɚɧɚ5ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɬ-ɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɟɬ-ɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɥɚ, ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɵ ɩɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ, – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɨɪɨɞɰɵ, ɱɭɠɢɟ (ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ). ɉɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ „ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ” ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɞɢɜɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɵ ɪɚɫɢɫɬɫɤɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɳɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɦɚɥɱɢɜɚɬɶ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɨɦɚɧ Ȼ. Ɇɚɥɚɦɭɞɚ Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ, ɩɪɨɡɚ ɂ.Ȼ. Ɂɢɧɝɟɪɚ ɢ ɞɪ., ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ „ɫɜɨɢɯ” ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɡɚ Ɏ. Ƚɨɪɟɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɉɫɚɥɨɦ. Ɋɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɩɨɯɭ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɟ-ɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ „ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ”, ɢ ɜ ɜɟɤ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ-ɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɷɬɧɨ-ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵ. ɉɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ „ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ” ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – „ɤɨɡɵɪɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ” ɜ ɪɭɤɚɯ/ɭɫɬɚɯ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɨɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ: ɬɚɤ, ɪɚɞɟɬɟɥɶ ɡɚ ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɟɝɨɞɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, „ɷɬɨɣ ɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɱɢɜɨɣ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ”, „ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜ-ɧɨ, ɚ ɬɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɨɛɨɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɹ ɜɜɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɨɛɢɯɨɞ ɡɞɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ” (ȼ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜ)6 . ________________ 4Ɇ.ȼ. Ɍ ɥ ɨ ɫ ɬ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɉɨɫɬɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɭɥɶɬɭ-ɪɚɰɢɢ. ɀɢɬɶ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ, ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɢɨɬɤɭɞɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2004, ɫ. 31. 5ȼ. Ɋ ɚ ɫ ɩ ɭ ɬ ɢ ɧ, Ⱦɨɱɶ ɂɜɚɧɚ, ɦɚɬɶ ɂɜɚɧɚ: ɩɨɜɟɫɬɶ, „ɇɚɲ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɢɤ” 2003, ʋ 11, ɫ. 3–100. 6Ʌ. Ⱥ ɧ ɧ ɢ ɧ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, Ƚ. Ƚ ɚ ɱ ɟ ɜ, ȼ. Ƚ ɨ ɥ ɵ ɲ ɟ ɜ, ɘ. Ʉ ɭ ɛ ɥ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɫ ɤ ɢ ɣ, ȼ. Ʉ ɭ ɪ - ɛ ɚ ɬ ɨ ɜ, Ⱥ. ɗ ɛ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɢ ɞ ɡ ɟ, Ɇ. ɗ ɩ ɲ ɬ ɟ ɣ ɧ, ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – ɚɧɚɯɪɨɧɢɡɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ, „Ɂɧɚɦɹ” 2000, ʋ 9, ɫ. 209.
Ɍɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ ɨ „ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ” ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɧɵɧɟ „ɠɢɜɨɬɪɟ-ɩɟɳɟɬ” ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɷɩɨɯɭ „ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ”. Ʉɚɤ ɛɵ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɟ ɧɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɨɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɢɥɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ” ɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧ-ɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ (ɫɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ „ɦɢɧɭɫ”). Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. ɂɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɭ, ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧɚ – ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɏɏ ɢ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ ɜɜ., ɛɟɡ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɣ. „ȼɫɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɣ, ɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɣ”7 . ȼɯɨɞɢɬ ɥɢ ɜ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ „ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ” ɩɥɚɫɬ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – ɩɨɤɚɠɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦ ɮɟɧɨ-ɦɟɧ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ. ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɜɟɤɨɜ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɦ” ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɯɨɬɹ ɦɧɨ-ɝɢɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ „ɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɟ” ɫɜɨɢɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɦɢɪɚ. ɗɬɨ „ɞɪɭɝɚɹ” ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. ɉɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ Ⱦ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɚ, Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɫ, ɋɭɯɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ, ɑ. Ⱥɣɬɦɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟ-ɠɚɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭ-ɪɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɢɧɨɣ, ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ. ɇɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɢɣ, ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɣ, ɨɛɵɱɚɟɜ, ɤɭɯɧɢ, ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡ-ɧɵɯ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ – ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟ-ɪɚɬɭɪɵ – ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ „ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɬɟɤɫɬ”, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɬɨɥ-ɤɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ: „ɫɜɨɟɣ” ɢ „ɢɧɨɣ”, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ɉɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɞɶɛɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ: ɨɞɧɢ, ɛɭɞɭ-ɱɢ ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɦɢ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ; ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ („ɦɨɧɨɥɢɧɝɜɵ”), „ɫɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ” ɜɩɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ (ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ) ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ, ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ; ɬɪɟɬɶɢ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɢɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɜ ɩɪɨ-ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɚɢɧ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ) ɢ ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɷɬɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɪɨɠɢɥɢ ɛóɥɶɲɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɢɧɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɣ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹɜ-ɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ʌ. ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ, ɞɥɹ „ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ” ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɢ. Ƚɟɪɨɣ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ Ʌ. ɍɥɢɰɤɨɣ Ⱦɚɧɢɷɥɶ ɒɬɚɣɧ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ, ɛɭɞɭ-ɱɢ ɜ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɛɭɞɭ-ɱɢɤɨɦ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤɚɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɜɟɞɧɢɤɚ – ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɬ: ɨɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɨɦ. Ɍɚɤ ɍɥɢɰɤɚɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɦɢɫɫɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ – ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɚ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ________________ 7Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, c. 203.
ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɥɝ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚ ɜ ɡɟɦɥɟ ɂɡɪɚɢɥɹ – ɦɢɧɢɚɬɸɪɟ ɫɬɨɥɩɨ-ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɣ, ɒɬɚɣɧ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɭɞɟɨ-ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɦɨɫɬ „ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ – ɢɭɞɚɢɡ-ɦɚ, ɢɫɥɚɦɚ ɢ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ”8 . ɉɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɢɥɚɫɶ: ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɫɬ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɫ ɦɨɳɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ. ɇɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧ ɪɨɦɚɧ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɫɹ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɚ/ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɚ Ɇ. ɗɩɲɬɟɣɧɚ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟ-ɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɟ ɏɏ ɜ. – ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ-ɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ9 , ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɟ” ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨ-ɥɸ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɗɩɲɬɟɣɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ „ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɟ” ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɍɪɚɧɫɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɜɨ-ɛɨɞɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɚɫɤɢ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ10 . ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ ɪɭɛɟɠɚ XX–XXI ɜɜ. ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɥɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ „Ɇɚ-ɥɵɣ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ”, ɩɨɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɣ ɬɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɯ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɷɦɢɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨ-ɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɥɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɞɭɲɧɨɦ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɛɵɥɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ – ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɨɧ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɢɡɢ-ɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɲɤɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ „ɨɤɨɺɦɚ” (ɩɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ „ɩɭɬɟɣɰɟɜ”). Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ „ɩɭɬɟɣɰɚɦɢ”, – ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ, ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ – „ɡɚɚɪɯɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ” ɭɯɨɞɹ-ɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ (ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ – ɫɜɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ), ɛɢɥɢɧɝɜɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɛɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɢɫɱɟɡɚɸ-ɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɵ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ/ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ/ɪɚɫ-ɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ ɫ ɛɵɜɲɢɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ „ɨɤɨɺɦɚ” ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɬɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɨɝɨ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɨɝɨ, ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ, ɩɨɱɢɜ-ɲɟɝɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɟɣ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ „Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ” ȿ. Ⱥɛɞɭɥɥɚɟɜ (ɨɧ ɠɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɋɭɯɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ) ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ, ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟ-ɞɢɧɟɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ: ɍɡɛɟɤɢɫɬɚɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɧɟ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɧɢ-ɰɟɣ, ɧɨ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɚɥɶɦɚɧɚɯɚ; ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɭɬɶ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɢ Ɇɚɥɵɣ, ɭɤɚ-ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɧɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ Ɂɚɩɚɞɚ11 . ________________ 8Ʌ.ȿ. ɍ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɤ ɚ ɹ, Ⱦɚɧɢɷɥɶ ɒɬɚɣɧ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤ: pɨɦɚɧ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2006, ɫ. 159. 9Ɇ.ɇ. ɗ ɩ ɲ ɬ ɟ ɣ ɧ, Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2001, ɫ. 242. 10Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 242–243. 11ȿ. Ⱥ ɛ ɞ ɭ ɥ ɥ ɚ ɟ ɜ, ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɣ Ⱥɡɢɢ: ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɦɧɨ-ɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, „ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ” 2006, ʋ 3, ɫ. 322–323.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ „ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɧɚɬɭɪɵ” – ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɚ, ɋɭɯ-ɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ, ȼɨɥɨɫ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɨɧɟɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɤɟɪɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ „Ɇɚɥɨɝɨ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ”, Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ȼɨ-ɥɨɫ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ „ɏɭɪɪɚɦɚɛɚɞ”, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ „ɩɭɬɟɣɰɟɜ”. ɉɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɟɝɨ „ɬɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ” ɫ ɬɚɞɠɢɤɫɤɢɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ (Ⱦɭɲɚɧɛɟ) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ – ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɨɷɬ-ɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ. ɂɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɢ-ɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɯɨɠɟɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ „ɧɢɲɟ” ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ: ɨɧɢ – ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɛɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ. Ⱦɟɛɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɷɬɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɜɟɞɭɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɜɲɟɝɨ „ɨɤɨɺɦɚ” ɢ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɣ „ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ” ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɍɤɚɡɚɦɢ, ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɪɚ-ɦɢ – ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ „ɧɢɲɟ” ɩɪɢɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ – ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɧɹɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɲɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ – ɧɚɞɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɧɚɞɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɧɚɞɷɬɧɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɦ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɤɚɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɧɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɢɧɨɷɬ-ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ), ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɬɨ ɠɟ ɨɧɢ: ɦɚɪɝɢɧɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɤɪɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ? – ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɜɨɥɧɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɦɢ, ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɷɫɫɟ-ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ ɨ „ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ” ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɯ ɑ. Ƚɭ-ɫɟɣɧɨɜ: ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɪɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɫɨɡɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧ-ɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɬɚɤ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɥɧɚɦɢ ɷɦɢɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ […]. Ɉɬɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɚ „ɱɢɫɬɨɝɨ” ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɬɧɨɫɚ, ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞ-ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɞɚ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ, ɛɵɬɢɹ12 . Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɑ. Ƚɭɫɟɣɧɨɜɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ, ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɪɚɦɩɥɢɧɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɬɪɟɝɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɇɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɚɹ ɝɥɭɯɨɬɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜɟɞɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ, – ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɑ. Ƚɭɫɟɣɧɨɜ13. ________________ 12 ɑ. Ƚ ɭ ɫ ɟ ɣ ɧ ɨ ɜ, Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ, „ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ” 2006, ʋ 2, ɫ. 249–250. 13Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ, ɫ. 260.
ɂɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ (Ⱦ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ, Ⱥ. ȼɨ-ɥɨɫɚ, ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢ ɦɢɪɚ – ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɝɨ – ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ/ɬɚɞɠɢɤɫɤɨɝɨ, ɤɨɪɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨ-ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɡ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɟɦɵ, ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɢɧ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɟɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɧɚ ɢɭɞɚɢɡɦ ɢ ɢɫɥɚɦ), ɧɚ ɢɯ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨ-ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ-ɳɢɟ; ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɢɤɭ, ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɂɧɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ (ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚ-ɜɚɧɢɢ, ɜ ɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɨɫɫɨɡ-ɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɢɦɢ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ „ɢɧɚɤɨɫɬɢ” ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɩɨ-ɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ14 , ɢɦɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɪ-ɝɚɧɢɤɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɂɡɭɱɚɹ (ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɪɭɹ) ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ/ɥɢ-ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ), ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ „ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ” ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ, ɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɧɚɤɨɫɬɶ – ɜɧɟ ɲɤɚɥɵ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ/ɯɭɞɲɢɣ, ɚ ɜ ɲɤɚɥɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɸ. ɇɟ ɫɥɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɥɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɬɥɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ („ɨɬɦɢɪɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ”), ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɢ – ɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ – ɩɢɲɭɬ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ „ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ” ɫ ɬɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɯ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶ-ɧɨ-ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ. ________________ 14 „ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɨɧ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɚ-ɹɡɵɤ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ: ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɤɥɚɞɭɬɫɹ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɪɟ-ɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. […] əɡɵɤ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-ɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɢɦ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ” (ɘ.Ɇ. Ʌ ɨ ɬ ɦ ɚ ɧ, ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɨ ɫɟ-ɦɢɨɬɢɤɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, cɨɫɬ. Ɋ.Ƚ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2002, ɫ. 111).
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ⱦɢɧɵ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɦɢɪɚ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɨɨɬ-ɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ. ɂɫɬɨɤɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɋɭ-ɛɢɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɢɭɞɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ. ȿɜɪɟɣɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ (ɞɨɢɡɪɚɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢɡɪɚɢɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɭɞɟɣ-ɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨ ɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɦɨɬɢɜ Ɇɟɫɫɢɢ – ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɬɪɚɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ--ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɦɨɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ ɡɚɝɥɚ-ɜɢɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ȼɨɬ ɢɞɟɬ Ɇɟɫɫɢɹ!: Ɇɟɫɫɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɟɬ (ɬɚɤɨɜɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɦɢɮɨ-ɥɨɝɟɦɵ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ), ɚ ɢɞɟɬ: ɨɧ ɭɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɫ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ „ɦɟɫɫɢɣ” ɜ ɪɭɛɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ, ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɸɪɨɞɢɜɵɦ ɜ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɞɟɪɜɢɲɚɦ – ɜ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ; ɢɯ ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɪɨɞɭ „ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ” ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢɦɟɧɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɢɭɞɚɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨ ɲɥɟɦɢɥɹɦɢ, ɬɨ ɦɟɲɭɝɚɦɢ/ɦɟɲɭɝɢɧɟɪɚɦɢ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɟ „ɸɪɨɞɢɜɵɟ” ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶ-ɧɵɦ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟ ɥɢɲɟɧɫɚɤɪɚɥɶ-ɧɵɦ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨ-ɦɨɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɮɨɫɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨ-ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ: ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɧɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɡɜɚɧɰɵ-Ɇɟɫɫɢɢ, ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɟ ɜɟɪɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ, ɪɢɬɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɯɨ-ɠɟɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɰɟɧ ɪɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ȼ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɜɭɱɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɫɢɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɢɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ, ɜ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɪɹɬɚɧɚ (ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɩɚɮɨɫɧɨɣ) ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ: ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɠɞɚɬɶ ɋɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɛɟɧ, ɝɚɞɚɹ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɝɨɜɨɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɧɟɫɟɧ ɬɟɛɟ, ɤɭɞɚ ɜɚɠɧɟɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ. ɉɪɚɜɟɞɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɭɞɚɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɪɚɥɢ, – ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ȼɨɬ ɢɞɟɬ Ɇɟɫɫɢɹ! ɷɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɚɤ ɝɭɦɚ-ɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɦɟɫɫɢɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɨɣ ɭɬɨɩɢɢ, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɦɵɫɥɢɦɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ. ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɭɬɨɩɢɢ ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ ɚɧɬɢɭɬɨ-ɩɢɟɣ, ɬɨ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ: ɬɪɚɝɟɞɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɥɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭ – ɢɫɤɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɠɟɪɬɜɭ, ɫɨɩɪɹ-ɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ Ɇɟɫɫɢɢ. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱ-ɧɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɪɭɝ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ ȼɨɬ ɢɞɟɬ Ɇɟɫɫɢɹ!, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧ-ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɪɨɧɨɬɨɩɚ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɨɬɤɭɞɚ ɜɵɲɥɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɤɢ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ Ⱦɨɦ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɚɪɤɨɣ, ɞɜɟɪɶɸ, ɚɦɮɨɪɨɣ, ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧɚ „Ƚɨɞɨɜɚɥɚɹ ɫɭɤɚ”. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ – ɷɬɨ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɧɚɹ „ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ” ɞɥɹ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɢ: ɨɧɚ ɭɛɢɬɚ; ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɨɬɫɵɥɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɦɟɬɚɫɸɠɟɬ, – ɷɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɤɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɟɪɬɜɵ ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɨɦɚ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɝɟɪɨɢɧɟɣ Ⱦɨɦɚ ɫɪɨɞɧɢ ɟɝɨ „ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ”, ɚ ɷɬɨ – ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɬɜɚ, ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ
ɱɚɫ-ɬɶɸ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ. Ɇɢɮɨɥɨɝɟɦɚ Ⱦɨɦ – ɟɜɪɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɡɚɛɨɱɟɧɵ ɫɭɞɶɛɨɣ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ȼ. ɀɚɛɨɬɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɦɟɫɥɨ – ɪɟɦɟɫɥɨ ɤɚɦɟɧɳɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɦɚ, ɢɦɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ Ⱦɨɦɚ). Ɋɭɛɢɧɫɤɢɟ ɥɨɤɭɫɵ: Ɍɚɲɤɟɧɬ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, ɂɡɪɚɢɥɶ – ɫɬɨɥɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɚɤɬɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ, „ɡɚɦɟɲɚɧɵ” ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ „ɞɪɨɠɠɚɯ”: ɢɫɥɚɦ, ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɢɟ, ɢɭɞɚɢɡɦ. Ʉɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɨɤɭɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɡɵ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ – ɷɬɨ ɛɵɜɲɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ? ɇɢɤɚɤɨɣ. ȿɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ, ɷɬɧɨɫɨɦ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢɟɣ: ɠɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɩɨɜɟɞɹɦ Ȼɨɠɶɢɦ (ɚ ɨɧ, Ȼɨɝ, ɟɞɢɧ ɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ), ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ „ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɨɝɨɞɟ, ɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɯɪɚɦɚɯ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɟɪɵ”. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚ Ⱦɨɦ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɩɨɫɨɜ (ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɬɜɨɦ), ɮɨɥɶɤ-ɥɨɪɧɨ-ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ (Ɇɟɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɫɢɚɧɫɬɜɚ, „ɚɧɬɢɫɟɦɢɬɫɤɨɝɨ” ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɟɜɪɟɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ), ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɝɟɪɨɹ (ɢɫɬɨɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭ-ɠɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɟ – ɚɪɯɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ-ɧɨ ɜ ɟɜɪɟɣɫɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ) – ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɦɢɮɨɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ (ɫ ɢɧɨɣ, ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ, ɚɤɫɢɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ, ɦɨɬɢɜɢɤɨɣ). ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XXI ɜ. ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ, ɑ. Ⱥɣɬɦɚɬɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɫɚ ɪɨɞɧɢɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɡɨɣ Ⱦ. Ɋɭɛɢɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚ ɭɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ Ƚɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɫ ɚɜ-ɬɨɪɨɦ/ɩɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ/ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɦ ɦɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɥɢ „ɬɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɨɦ”, ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɨɣ, ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ, „ɜɛɪɨɫɢɜɲɢɦ” ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɚɜɲɟɟ ɩɪɟɰɟ-ɞɟɧɬɧɵɦ, ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ „Ɇɚɥɵɣ ɲɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ”. ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ Ƚɥɢɧɹɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɩɥɵɜɭɳɢɟ ɹɛɥɨɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɟɤɨɟɝɨ ɬɨɩɨɫɚ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣ ɢɫ-ɬɨɪɢɟɣ – ɨɬ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɨɝɨ; ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɪɭɛɟɠ XX–XXI ɜɜ.: ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ „ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɟɪɢɢ”, „ɤɨɝɞɚ Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟɣ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɬɟɥɚ”. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɠɢɜɭɬ ɥɸɞɢ, ɧɨɫɹɳɢɟ ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ. (Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɨɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢɧɨɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ). Ɉ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɨɩɨɫ ɫɪɟɞɧɟ-ɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɢɣ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɥɚɧɞɲɚɮɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɟɮɚɤɬɵ: ɫɚɤɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɪɟɜɭ, ɜɨɞɟ; ɝɚɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ „ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɵ”: ɱɚɣ, ɥɟɩɟɲɤɚ, ɩɥɨɜ, ɤɭɪɬ; ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɛɵɬɚ – ɱɚɩɚɧ, „ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɢ” – ɢɫɢɪɵɤ, „ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪ” ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ – ɧɚɫɜɚɣ. ɉɨɜɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɟɥɹɧɢɧɚ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ (ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ). Ⱥɜɬɨɪ, ɧɚɯɨ-ɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ
ɩɨɜɟɫɬ-ɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤɚ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɚɤ homo dictus ɜ ɞɜɭɹɡɵɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ „ɩɨɥɭɤɪɨɜɫɬɜɟ”. Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɧɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ „ɫɤɚɬɟɪɬɶɸ ɞɨɪɨɝɚ”, ɧɨ, ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɥɟɩɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ „ɩɨɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ”, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɮɪɚɡɨɦ: „ɉɭɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɟɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɫɤɚɬɟɪɬɶ ɜɚɥɹɟɬɫɹ”. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɟɥɚ – ɜɨɞɤɚ – ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɡɚɧɨɫɢɦɵɣ ɩɟɫɤɨɦ ɬɨɩɨɫ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɫɨɩɪɨ-ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɨɦ: „Ⱥɝɪɨɧɨɦ ɛɵɥ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɣ ɦɭɯɨɣ” (ɤɭɪɫɢɜ ɧɚɲ – ɗ. ɒ.). Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɠɟɬ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɱɢɤ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮ-ɥɚɬɭɧɢ, ɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɚɡɢɚɬɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚ-ɠɟɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɡɛɟɤɢ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹɳɢɟ ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɚɲɤɟɧɬɫɤɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ-ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɚ „ɛɪɚɬɢɲɤɨɣ” (ɧɟ „ɛɪɚɬ”, ɢɥɢ „ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɛɪɚɬ”, ɤɚɤ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɛɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɫɢɹɧɢɧ). ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɪɬɚ „ɭɡɛɟɤɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ” ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ: „ɇɟɬɶ, ɹ ɧɢ Ȼɚɣɪɨɧ, ɹ ɞɵɪɝɨɣ...”. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɉɭɲɤɢɧɚ ɭɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɦɟɫɬɨ „ɫɨɛɪɚɬɭ” ɩɨ „ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɹɞɭ” – Ʌɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜɭ. ɂ ɷɬɚ „ɭɫɬɭɩɤɚ” ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɫɸɠɟɬɟ: ɤɭɦɢɪɨɦ, „ɬɨɬɟɦɨɦ”, „ɥɟɧɢɧɵɦ” ɫɬɚɥ Ʌɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨ-ɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ – ɋɬɚɪɨɝɨ ɍɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɏɏ ɜ. ɤɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ „ɥɟɪɦɨɧɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ” ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ, ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɭ (ɱɟɪɬɚ ɩɨɷɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢɤɟ). ɍ ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɭɦɢɪ – „ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ɂɥɶɢɱ Ɇɚɹɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ” – ɧɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɚɛɟɪɪɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɪɧɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɬɨɠɟ ɜ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɏɏ ɜ. ɇɨɜɚɹ ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ „ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɟɜɧɢ” ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɥɚ: ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɜɟɤɨɜ „ɝɨɥɭɛɵɟ” ɦɨɬɢɜɵ, ɤɫɟɧɨɮɨɛɢɢ, ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ – ɚɧɬɢɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ. ɇɟ-ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɨɜ „ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ”, ɲɪɢɮɬɨɜ, ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ „ɞɪɭɠɛɵ”, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɚɧɤɧɨɬɚɯ, ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ. Ʌɨɤɭɫ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɣɧɵɯ – ɳɟɞɪɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ƚɥɭɩɨɜ: ɝɨɪɨɞ? ɞɟɪɟɜɧɹ? Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ? – ɦɨ-ɞɟɥɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɹ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɱɧɚ: ɬɨɥɩɚ – ɬɢɪɚɧ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɫɤɚ – ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɋɭɯɛɚɬɚ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭ-ɧɢ. ȼ ɚɥɥɸɡɢɜɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɜɫɩɥɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɮɪɚɡ ɢɡ ɤɢɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ – „ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɠɞɹ”, ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ: „Ɉɧ ɩɪɢɲɟɥ ɤ ɧɚɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɨɠɞɟɦ” (ɧɚɫɥɟɞɧɢɤ ɞɟɪɜɢɲɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɛɢɥɚ ɬɨɥɩɚ). Ⱥɪɯɟɬɢɩ ɝɟɪɨɹ – ɞɟɪɜɢɲɚ/ɭɱɢ-ɬɟɥɹ – ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɢ ɦɢɮɚ: ɨɧ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ. ɂɧɚɤɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɤɟ ɞɟɪɜɢɲɚ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ ɞɚɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ. ɂɧɚɤɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɢɫɬɨɬɟ. Ɍɨɥɩɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɚɤɨɫɬɢ: ɧɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɨɦ ɧɚɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚ ɨɫɥɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɤɚɡɧɶ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ/ɫɟɥɚ – ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɠɢɬɢɹ – ɜ ɦɢ-ɮɨɥɨɝɨ-ɬɢɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɋɭɯɛɚɬ Ⱥɮɥɚɬɭɧɢ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɟɟ
ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ (ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ, ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɨɣ) ɦɢɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɍɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɢ ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ), ɧɟɫɭɬ ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ: ɂɛɪɨɯɢɦ (ɤɨɪɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪ-ɫɨɧɚɠ, ɠɢɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɧɟɱɟɫɬɢɜɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɵɧɚ ɜ ɠɟɪɬɜɭ Ⱥɥɥɚɯɭ), Ɇɭɫɚ (ɦɭɫɭɥɶɦɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɪɨɤ), Ɇɚɪɶɹɦ (ɤɨɪɚ-ɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ Ɇɢɪɢɚɦ, ɡɚɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɟɜɲɚɹ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɶɸ Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɧɟɦɭ). ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ, ɧɚɞɟɸɫɶ, ɭɛɟɠɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɚɹ, ɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɫ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɠɢɡ-ɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, – ɞɟɥɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɟɫɥɢ ɢ „ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɟɬ” ɧɚɲ ɦɢɪ, ɬɨ ɨɛɨɝɚ-ɬɢɬ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ.
