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Т о м VI (XLVII) ·HF
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Α · 2 0 0 6KAZIMIERZ LEWARTOWSKI
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MYCENAEAN OBJECTS FROM THE N A T I O N A L M U S E U M IN W A R S A W
(PL.
37)
T h ere is n o collection of M y c e n a e a n antiquities in Poland Polish archaeologists had n o t excavated in Greece before the Second W o r l d W a r . Polish M u s e u m s a n d collectors therefore have never developed any partic ular interest in the Bronze Age of Greece. T h e N a t i o n a l M u s e u m in W a r s a w has a small collection of M i n o a n , M y c e n a e a n and Cycladic objects, mainly vases, sherds a n d small terracottas. S o m e of t h e m can be seen exhibited in o n e case; others are k e p t in the storeroom. M o s t of t h e m reached the M u s e u m as a result of p o s t W a r re parations, two were b o u g h t o n the antiquities market and one had been offered by a collector. A group of sherds is a deposit f r o m the N a t i o n a l M u s e u m in W r o c ł a w (for merly M u z e u m Ś lą skie), where they were left by retreat ing G e r m a n s as an u n i m p o r t a n t r e m n a n t of the collec tion kept in this m u s e u m .
T h e aim of this paper is to publish, or republish, all the Mycenaean objects f r o m this collection (others will be the subject of another paper by M . Siennicka). T h e y d o not present any significant scientific value because almost n o t h i n g is k n o w n a b o u t the provenience or history of these objects, n o d o c u m e n t a t i o n survived the W a r . T h e y are n o t especially original in f o r m or decoration either. T h e reason of this paper, besides the obvious obligation of publishing all finds anyway, is mostly subjective: for a Polish mycenaeologist, the o p p o r t u n i t y of w o r k i n g with original a n d u n p u b l i s h e d M y c e n a e a n p r o d u c t s in their h o m e l a n d is a source of a great pleasure and satisfaction*.
1. Sherds in the d e p o s i t f r o m the
M u z e u m Ś lą skie (Fig. 1)
T h e sherds have four different m u s e u m marks. First is a general fourdigit n u m b e r specific for the deposit g r o u p p r i n t e d on paper labels glued to the sherds; the others are written in ink o n the sherds' surface: two twodigit n u m b e r s (on all b u t o n e sherd), a fourdigit n u m b e r with a letter and abbreviation of the M u z e u m Ś lą skie n a m e a n d capital "S" a n d R o m a n "I" before it, there are on s o m e sherds G e r m a n notes concerning the provenience of the sherds; a n d o n s o m e of the sherds there is a capital " D " followed by a twodigit n u m b e r o n attached labels.a. D e p . 2 9 9 6 ; 21:96; S. I. 2 5 3 1a M . Ś 1.; D 3 2 ;
pres. H . 3.8, T h . 0.4, rec. D . 19.0.
Clay: very fine, o u t e r face s m o o t h a n d slipped 1 0 Y R 7 / 4 (very pale b r o w n ' ) , inner face rough with deli cate very regular traces of potter's tool 10YR7/4 (very pale b r o w n ) .
Paint: lustrous 7 . 5 Y R 4 / 6 (strong b r o w n — verti cal lines) and 7 . 5 Y R 2 . 5 / 2 (very dark b r o w n semicircles and wavy lines) F M 7 5 panelled pattern (triglyph). T h e m o t i f appears in L H IIIВ 1, gains in popularity in L H IIIB2, and continues into L H Ш С е mostly on deep bowls, kraters, s t e m m e d bowls and s o m e t i m e s o n jugs2, a m p h o
roid a n d stirrup jars3.
Identification: f r a g m e n t of an a m p h o r o i d jar (?); L H HIB. b. D e p . 2 9 9 6 ; 21:96; S. I. 2 5 3 1ь M . Ś l.; D 3 2 ; pres. H . 3.3, T h . 0.50.6, rec. D . 12.0. Clay: fine pure, wellpolished outer face, self slipped 7 . 5 Y R 7 / 4 (pink), inner face well s m o o t h e d . Paint: lustrous, evenly applied 7 . 5 Y R 3 / 2 (dark b r o w n ) w i t h s o m e w h a t lighter o u t l i n e F M 2 7 : 4 8 "sea a n e m o n e " (or: rosette, wheel4); the m o t i f is typical
for L H I I I B 2 L H I l l C m deep bowls, especially in the * I am much obliged to the Directors of both Museums for their permission to publish these objects. I am very grateful to Professor Witold Dobrowolski (the Curator of the Department of Ancient Art of the National Museum in Warsaw) who let me know about the Mycenaean objects, inspired this paper, gave all necessary information and helped in many other ways. I am also much obliged to the staff of the Dept. of Ancient Art and espe cially to Mrs. Sabina Grzegrzσłka and Mr. Alfred Twardecki for their assistance and patience for an intruder's presence during very busy days of the Department. I am also grateful to Ms Małgorzata Siennicka for her help in access to several publica tions and to Paul Barford for correcting my English. All photo graphs courtesy National M u s e u m ^ r s a w . W A R S ZX W $ Biblioteka Instytut Archeologii Krakowskie Przedmieś cie 26/28 00927 WarszawalcA tel (22) 5522831, (22) 5522832 POLAND 1 I use
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Munsell Soil Color Charts, New York 1994 for color identification.' MDP: 123; fig. 159 (krater, Mycenae), fig. 161 (deep bowl Group B, Nauplion study collection); cf. P. ΒSTRΤM, The
Cuirass Tomb and Other Finds at Dendra, Part 2: Excavations in the Cemeteries, the Lower Town, and the Citadel [SIMA, vol. 4, fasc. 2], Gφteborg 1983, fig. 44, 3rd row: 7, fig. 86, 1st row: 3 (deep bowls Group A, Midea).
3 A. LEONARD, JR., An Index to the Late Bronze Age Aegean
Pottery from Syria-Palestine [SIMA, vol. 114], Jonsered 1994, p. 188.
KA Z I M I ER Z LEW A R T O W SKI
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Ar go l i ď , it can be seen also on krat ers an d ju gs in differ en t par t s o f Mycen aean w or ld.
I d en t ificat ion : fr agm e n t o f a d eep b ow l; L H I I I B2 I I I Ce .
c. D e p . 2 9 9 6 ; 21:96 ; S. I.
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2 5 3 1£ M . Ś l.; D 3 2 ;pr es. H . 3.4, T h . 0.3, rec. D . 8.0.
Clay: fine pu r e, ou t er face slipped 2 . 5 YR6 / 6 (ligh t r ed), in n er face r ou gh , traces o f pot t er ' s t ool barely visible 7 . 5 YR6 / 4 (ligh t b r ow n ).
Pain t : t h e pot t er used a very fine an d pr ecise con t ou r lin e 2 . 5 YR2 . 5 / 2 (very d u sk y r ed) t h en filled it in w it h very car efully an d even ly applied lu st r ou s pain t 2 . 5 YR5 / 8 (red) th e m o t i f r esem bles F M 2 9 :2 3 ( LH IIIA2 B trefoil r ock w or k) or F M 4 3 isolat ed semicir cles as a filling pat t er n o f F M 62 t r icur ved ar ch in LH H IB l6.
Sin gle sem i cir cles ar r an ged in pair s in a w ay r esem blin g
ou r sh er d are popu lar on LH
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Ш С е deep bow ls fr om Ph okis7. It is also som ew h at similar t o filling elem en t s o fth e F M 18 flower fr om L H HIB*.
Iden t ificat ion : fr agm en t of t h e b od y o f a deep bow l; LH I I I B Ce .
d
d. D e p . 2 9 9 6 ; 22:96; S. I. 2531f M . Ś 1.; D 3 2 ;
M y k e n e ; pres. H . 7.2, T h . 0.6, rec. D . 14.0.
Clay: fine pu r e, ou t er face sm o o t h an d slipped 2.5Y7/ 3 (pale yellow), in n er face wit h clear an d very regu lar t r aces o f pot t er ' s t ool an d par t ly slipped, cor e color
1 0 YR7 / 4 (very pale br ow n ).
Pain t : lu st r ou s, m ost ly w or n aw ay, very u n even ly applied 1 0 YR3 / 2 (very dar k grayish b r ow n ) th ree h ori zon t al lin es.
Iden t ificat ion : fr agm en t of th e b od y o f a jar (piri for m ?); L H III fr om Mycen ae.
e. D e p . 2 9 9 7 ; S. I. 2532^ M . Ś 1.; Т у г . о . M y k .; D 3 3 ; pres. H . 1.9, base D . 5.2, b o t t o m Th . 0.8, m in . T h . 0.4.
Clay: fine pure, bot h sur faces slipped 2.5YR6/ 8 (ligh t red).
Pain t : lust r ous 7 . 5 YR2 . 5 / 2 (very dar k br ow n ) ou t side a b an d cover in g th e lowest par t of th e b od y, side an d th e ou t er rim o f th e base, in side con cen t r ic circles pain t ed w it h alt er n at in g th in an d b r oad lin es. Rin g bases of th is diam et er an d th e ou t side decor at ion su ggest th is is fr om a bow l. Con cen t r ic circles pain t ed in side on bot t om s an d a little above t h em seem t o be typical for LH IILA2 bow ls an d cu ps fr om At t ica an d especially for H IB 1 deep bow ls fr om At t ica an d Boeot ia' . Th e y occur rarely in ot h er par t s of Mycen aean Gr eece an d gen erally d o n ot r esemble ou r specim en .
Iden t ificat ion : r in g base o f a deep bow l; LH H IB 1 o f At t ic or igin , fou n d in Tir yn s or Mycen ae.
f. D e p . 2997; 22:96; S. I. 2532a M . Ś 1.; Т у г . o. Myk .; pr es. H . 8.1, Th . 0.7 0.9, rec. D. 23.0.
Clay: fine pu r e 7 . 5 YR7 / 4 (pin k), out er face very sm oot h , in n er face r ou gh w it h clear traces of pot t er ' s t ool. Pain t : lust r ous 10YR2/ 2 (very dar k br ow n ) an d 10YR3/ 3 (dar k br ow n ) two h or izon t al dar ker lin es an d t w o t h in n er ligh ter on es bet w een t h em .
Id en t ificat ion : fr agm e n t of t h e b o d y o f a clos ed vessel, p r ob ab ly a jar (p ir ifor m ?); fr o m Ti r y n s or Mycen ae.
g. D e p . 2997; S. I. 2 5 3 2 ' M . Ś 1.; 22:96; D 3 3 ; pr es. H . 2.7, T h . 0 . 2 5 0 . 3 5 , rec. D . 12.0.
Clay: fine pu r e, slipped on b ot h sides 10YR7/ 3 (very pale b r ow n ).
Pain t : lu st r ou s, even ly applied 10YR3/ 1 (very dar k gr ay) F M 75 pan eled pat t er n (t r iglyph ) in a varia t ion differ en t fr om t h e decor at ion o f t h e sh er d a an d less c o m m o n . It appear s in L H IIIB1 on deep bow ls'0 t h en is
u sed m or e fr equ en t ly on deep bow ls in L H I I I B2 " an d con t in u es in t o LH Ш С е1 2 (bu t it is also k n ow n fr om
sh ou lder o f a L H I I I B2 n ar r ow n ecked j u g " an d fr om L H I I I B I I I Ce am p h or oid jars FS 53 55 fo u n d in th e Near East14).
Iden t ificat ion : fr agm en t o f t h e b o d y o f a deep bow l; LH I I I B2.
1 MDP : 123;
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ДSTRЦ M , op.cit., fig. 98, 1st row: 6 (deep bowl,Midea LH HIB); A.C. RENFREW ,yxwutsrponmlkihgfedcaTSPOMLIHGDCBA The Archaeology of Cult: the Sanctuary at Phylakopi [BSA, Suppl., vol. 18], Lon don 1985,
cat. no. 135 (krater, Phylakopi LH IlICm ), cf. RMDP : 925, fig. 197.193.
' E.g. M DP : fig. 125.2 (jug with cutaway neck, Nauplion study collection).
RMDP : 779 781, fig. 306 as "trefoil rockwork derivative". " RM DP : 678, fig. 258.158 (stand from Orch omen os). ' RM DP : figs. 193, 195, 200, 258.
10 K.A. W ARDLE, A Group of Late Helladic IIIB 1 Pottery from
within the Citadel at Mycenae
, BSA 64, 1969, no. 43, fig. 6,
p. 274; E. FREN CH , Pottery from LH IIIB 1 Destruction Contexts of Mycenae,BSA 62, 1967, nos. 44, 45, fig. 12, p. 167
(both from Mycenae).11 ΒSTRΤ M , op.cit., p. 24, fig. 44, 3rd row: 8 (Midea);
A. O N A SSO G LO U , / Oikia tou Taphou ton Tripodon stis Mykines
,
Athinai 1995, p. 912, pi. 28.10 (Mycenae). 12 MDP : fig. 189.3 (Mycenae); RMDP : 781, fig. 306.240 (Delphoi). 13 RMDP : 147, fig. 37.281 (Mycenae); RMDP : 234, fig. 77.198 (Korakou). 14 LEO NARD, loc.cit.M Y C E N A E A N O B JE C T S F R O M T H E N A T I O N A L M U S E U M IN W A R S A W
h .
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D e p . 2 9 9 7 ; S. I. 2532™ M . Ś 1.; 22:96; D 3 3 ; pres. H . 5.1, T h . 0.6 0.8, rec. D . 21.0.Clay: fine w it h very sm all in clu sion s, out er face sm oot h an d slipped 7.5YR7/ 4 (pin k), inner face rough with sligh t ly visible traces o f pot t er ' s t ool 1 0 R6 / 6 (ligh t r ed).
Pain t : lu st r ou s, very u n even ly at t ach ed 2 . 5 YR4 / 8 (r e d ) 2.5YR3/ 3 (dar k r eddish br ow n ) on e h or izon t al lin e an d a small par t o f ot h er lin es above it.
Iden t ificat ion : fr agm en t o f th e lower par t o f th e b od y o f a closed vessel.
i. De p . 2 9 9 7 ; 2 2 :9 6 ; S. I. 2 5 3 2 © M . Ś 1.;
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Т у г . o. M y k ; pr es. H . 5.4, T h . 0.5 0.6, rec. D . 22.0.Clay: fine pu r e, out er face sm oot h ed , slipped 7 . 5 YR7 / 4 (pin k), in n er face r ou gh 10R6/ 8 (ligh t red).
P ain t : lu st r ou s, u n e ve n ly ap p l i e d 5 YR 6 / 6 5 YR2 . 5 / 2 (r eddish yellow dar k r eddish br ow n ) care lessly pain t ed F M 17 roset t e o f a rare type below h ori zon t al ban ds; close to F M 17:21 dat ed t o LH 1IIA1/2, th is m ot if is n ot very fr equ en t , th e best an alogy is on a flask fr om N e w Cor in t h1 5 w h er e it is a cen tral elem en t
o f a com p osit ion of several m ot ifs ( FM 18, 58, 64); on ou r sh er d th e role o f th is m o t i f was certain ly differ en t bu t th e fr agm en t ar y st at e of pr eser vat ion does n ot allow a r econ st r u ct ion .
Iden t ificat ion : fr agm en t o f a closed sh ape; L H
11
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Ι Α , fr om Tir yn s or Mycen ae.wutsronmljihgfedcbaWVPNMFA
2. Vases fro m the collection
of the N ati o n al Muse um in W arsaw
A l ab as t ro n , st rai g h t si de d; 1 9 8 0 1 2 M N W '6;com plet e; L H III A2; Η . 9.3, D . m ax. 14.1, D . r im 8.6
( Fi g. 2 , 4 ).
Sh ape: FS 94 w it h slop in g lip, splayin g n eck, con cave sides an d m ost ly flat b o t t o m .
Clay: pu r e, slipped 1 0 YR7 / 3 (very pale b r ow n ). Decor at ion an d pain t : F M 64:21 foliat e b an d , pain t applied un even ly o f differ en t colors: fr om 2.5YR3/ 6 (dar k red t h e b an d in side th e r im an d t h e n eck) to 10YR3/ 4 (dar k yellow ish b r ow n — th e lower b an d ),
b o t t o m decor at ed wit h fine con cen t r ic circles w it h excep t ion o f th e cen tral on e w h ich is ir r egular an d pain t ed w it h a br oader lin e.
Sh ape an d decor at ion t ypical for LH III A2, esp. th e Ar go l i d ", b u t well k n ow n fr om ot h er areas18; su ch
alabast r a were also expor t ed t o t h e N e ar Ea st ".
A l ab as t ro n , st rai g h t si de d; 1 9 8 0 1 3 M N W2 0;
alm ost com plet e, rest ored fr om fr agm en t s; L H III A2; H . 10.9, D . m ax. 13.5, D . rim 8.7 (Fig. 2 , 4).
Sh ape: FS 94 w it h slop in g lip, con cave slopin g n eck an d m ost ly flat b ot t om .
Clay: pu r e, slipped 1 0 YR7 / 3 (very pale b r ow n ). Decor at ion an d pain t : F M 6 4 :2 0 foliat e b an d , pain t applied un even ly b u t t h e decor at ive elem en t s are r en der ed car efu lly 10YR2/ 2 (very dar k b r ow n ), b ot t om decor at ed w it h fine con cen t r ic circles.
Sh a p e a n d d e c o r a t i o n : t w o alab ast r a fr o m P r osym n a are per fect an alogies for sh ap e an d decor at ion respectively w h ich are typical for L H III A2".
P i ri f o rm jar; 1 4 7 6 9 0 M N W2; com plet e; LH I I
IA1; H . 38.5, D . m ax. 28.0, D . base 10.7, D . r im 12.2
( Fi g. 2 , 4).
Sh ape: FS 35 wit h th ree vertical r ibbed h an dles, st r aigh t n eck , sl o p in g lip, t or u s b ase, b o t t o m ou t sid e sligh t ly con vex, in side a k n ob , careless w or k.
Clay: pu r e, slip p ed 1 0 YR6 / 4 (ligh t yellow ish b r ow n ).
De co r at i o n an d p ain t : t h e d e co r at io n r en d er ed e xt r e m e ly car elessly in color s var y in g fr o m 1 0 R 4 / 3 (w eak red) t o 1 0 R4 / 6 (red); t h e m ot ifs ar e gr ou p ed in side t h r ee pan els: in all o f t h em t h er e is a F M 4 6 r u n n in g spir al con sist in g o f a pair o f spir als, in on e pan el above it th ere is an ot h er , smaller F M 4 6 an d in t h e secon d on e th ere is above it a smaller F M 4 9 cu r ve st em m ed spir al; th e lin es for m in g t h e spir als are o f u n even w idt h , th ere are st r eaks o f pain t below on e o f t h e h an dles an d t w o acciden t al pain t spot s on t h e b od y.
T h e vessel looks like on e m a d e by a pot t er o f m in or skills or in h ast e. T h e L H IILA1 pir ifor m jar FS 4 4
15 RMDP : 218, fig. 69.115 (curiously, this motif was omitted
by the author).
16 In the N M W since 1946, formerly in W rocław; first
published CVA Pologne 5, Varsovie Musιe National 2, IIIA, pl. 2.1, 3, 5.
17 RMDP : 72.
18 E.g.: Attica S.A. I MMERW AH R,zyxvutsronmlihgfedcbaTSRNECBA The Neolithic and Bronze
Ages. The Athenian Agora. Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, vol. 13, P r in cet on
1971, pi. 57.414, p. 238 (LH IIIA2).
" LEO NARD, op.cit., cat. no. 388 (LH IIIA2, Ras Shamra).
20 In the N M W since 1946, formerly in W roclaw; first
published CVA Pologne 5, Varsovie Musιe National 2, IIIA, pl. 2.2, 4, 6. 21 T 5 1 . i l 8 8 RMDP : 116, fig. 24.155 (even the dimensions are almost identical), T.8.838 RMDP : 118, fig. 24.156; see also alabastron from New Corin th RMDP : fig. 68.103 (LH IIIA2). 22 Presented by J. ToeplitzMrozowska in 1948; first published CVA Pologne 5, Varsovie Musιe Nation al 2, IIC, pl. 1.1, 2 as Cypriote.
21
KA ZIM IERZ LEW A RTO W SKI
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f r o m Achaea23 and L H IIIA2 f r o m Koriones2 4 display
good analogies for shape a n d the scheme of decoration. R u n n i n g spirals are frequent o n M y c e n a e a n pottery of L H IIIIIA1, less frequent in L H IIIA2IIIB a n d they rarely appear on piriform jars d u r i n g that phase. R u n n i n g spirals o n a small L H IIB piriform jar FS 28 f r o m Thessaly resemble ours in their careless workmanship2 5. C u r v e d s t e m m e d spirals, similarly rendered were f o u n d o n L H IIIA1 finds f r o m Nichoria2 6. S t i r r u p jar; 1 3 9 9 5 5 M N W7; f r a g m e n t : shoul ders with spout, false neck and handles; L H HIB; D. s p o u t 2.5, D . disc 3 . 7 ( Fi g . 2 , 4 ) . Shape: FS(?), with strap handles, tapering up wards false neck, flat disc with a small elevation in the center, s p o u t w i t h straight neck and spreading lip. Clay: pure, 7 . 5 Y R 7 / 4 (pink), slipped 10YR6/4 (light yellowish brown). Decoration and paint: linear decoration only, ir regularly applied paint of colors ranging f r o m 2 . 5 Y R 4 / 8 (red) to 10YR3/1 (very dark grey); handles painted f r o m a b o u t a quarter of their height, w i t h reserved triangle, one irregular loop a r o u n d the base of the false neck a n d the base of the spout, b a n d a r o u n d the shoulders at the height of the base of the handles, concentric circles o n the disc, central elevation painted.
A c o m m o n loop encircling b o t h false neck and the s p o u t appears in L H HIB 1, lipless spouts seem to be typical for L H IIIBIIIC2 8. Analogous decoration of the
false neck, s p o u t and the disc appears o n a L H HIB stir r u p jar f r o m Euboea2 9. A L H HIB stirrup jar f r o m Ras
S h a m r a has similar decoration, the shape of the disc and of the spout, b u t its neck a n d the s p o u t are broader3 0.
St i r r u p jar; 2 3 7 6 3 5 M N W " ; incomplete: spout, handles
and false neck missing, a hole in the b o t t o m ; L H IIIA2 IIIB1; pres. H . 15.1, D . max. 18.6, D . base 9.0 ( Fi g . 2 , 4 ) .
Shape: FS 170 with p e r k e d u p body, narrow false neck a n d ring base.
Clay: pure, 7 . 5 Y R 7 / 4 (pink), slipped 10YR7/4 (very pale b r o w n ) .
D e c o r a t i o n a n d paint: F M 4 3 isolated semi circles, paint w o r n away esp. o n shoulders 7 . 5 Y R 2 . 5 / 2 (very dark b r o w n ) and 5YR5/8 (yellowish red), between handles a n d the spout there are visible concentric semi circles, b u t the decoration of the area between the handles is almost completely destroyed there are slight traces of a motif, perhaps F M 18 Mycenaean III flower; the bases of the false neck and of the s p o u t painted; n o trace of paint at the bases of the handles.
A L H IILA2 stirrup jar f r o m Heidelberg has sim ilar dimensions, shape and decorative scheme3 2. But the
lack of paint at the handles' bases suggests s o m e w h a t later date because this feature appears quite frequently in most parts of M y c e n a e a n Greece f r o m L H HIB onwards.
S t i r r u p jar; 2 3 7 8 9 9 M N W3 3; c o m p l e t e in two
pieces joined together; L H IIIA2; Η . 9.9, D . max. 10.3, D . base 3.6, D . s p o u t 2.4, D . disc 3.1 ( Fi g . 3 , 5 ) .
Shape: FS 171 with flattened globular body, strap handles, tapering downwards false neck with a small ledge at its base, s p o u t with neck tapering d o w n w a r d s a n d slop ing lip, disc slightly convex, ringed base.
Clay: pure, slipped 1 0 Y R 7 / 3 (very pale b r o w n ) . D e c o r a t i o n a n d paint: F M 4 2 joining semicircles / F M 4 4 concentric arcs, F M 4 3 isolated semicircles o n shoulders, unevenly applied paint 10YR3/2 (very dark grayish b r o w n ) , on the b o d y there are three g r o u p s of fine lines between broader ones, painted bases of b o t h necks, spout, the ridge of the disc, handles with d o u b l e reserved triangles, a d o t in the center of the disc; between the s p o u t a n d handles there are concentric semicircles a n d between the handles there are three joining concentric semicircles of w h i c h o n e at least looks m o r e like concen tric arcs or F M 19 multiple stem.
A l t h o u g h the decoration of the shoulders a n d the shape of t h e disc a n d the neck have s o m e features of L H
HIB or even L H
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaYWUTSRPONMLJIHFDCBA
Ш С е pottery, the ridge at the base of the23 J. PAPADOPOULOS,ynhecaMA Mycenaean Achaea [SIMA, vol. 55],
zyxwvutsrponmlkjihgfedcbaZYWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Gцteborg 1978, figs. 122c, d, 228c, 229c.
M M. BENZI,zyxwvutsrponmlkihgfedcbaXVTSRPONMLKIHGFEDCBA
Mycenaean Rhodes: A Summary [in:] Archaeology in the Dodecannese, S. Dietz, I. Papadopoulou eds, Copenhagen 1988, p. 63, fig. 9.
25 A. H U N T E R , The Bronze Age in Thessaly and its Environs,
unpubl. thesis, Oxford 1953, pl. 4A27; R M D P : 828, fig. 331.9.
26 Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece. Volume II: The
Bronze Age Occupation, W.A. McDonald, N . C . Wilkie eds, Minneapolis 1992, no. P3599, fig. 930; no. P3561, fig. 924.
27 Found in Deir elMedineh in 1937 but not mentioned in the
publication: B. BRUYERE, Fouilles de l'Institut Français du Caire, tome XX, Rapport sur les fouilles de Deir el Médineh (1935-1940% Le Caire 1948.
28 MDP: 108.
25 V. HANKEY, Late Helladic Tombs at Chalkis, BSA 47, 1952,
pl. 25; cf. RMDP: 711, fig. 272.59. 30 LEONARD, op.cit., cat. no. 559. 31 In the N M W since 1998, formerly in a private collection. 32 CVA Deutschland 27, Heidelberg 3, pl. 94.2 dated to LH IIIA2/B; cf. M P III: pl. 96, where it is dated to LH IIIA2. 33 In the N M W from 2002, formerly in a private collection.
MYCENAEAN OBJECTS FROM THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN WARSAW
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaYWUTSRPONMLJIHFDCBA
neck a n d the shape of the b o d y suggest L H III А 2м.
A L H IIIA2 stirrup jar f r o m Athens, decorated with F M 19 is a good analogy for the shape and decoration3 5.
Ky l i x ; 199214 M N W " ; incomplete, large portion of the body, one h a n d l e a n d part of the base missing, re constructed; L H III A2; H . 17.5, D . rim 15.2, D . base 9.0
( Fi g . 3 , 5 ).
Shape: FS 2 5 7 with spreading lip, and d o m e d convex base.
Clay: pure, 7 Y R 7 / 6 (reddish yellow), b o t h faces slipped 7 . 5 Y R 7 / 4 (pink). Decoration and paint: F M 2 3 whorlshell (hori zontal), outer side of preserved handle painted with re served triangle close to the rim and short tails extending d o w n f r o m its base, paint unevenly applied, esp. o n the stem and the base 1 0 Y R 4 / 8 (red).
T h e r e are p l e n t y o f analogies c o m i n g f r o m Lakonia to the D o d e c a n n e s e securely dating our kylix to L H IIIA2 on the basis of shape and decoration3 7.
Th re e l e g g e d b as k e t v ase ; 1 3 8 4 9 0 M N W3 8;
complete, one leg reconstructed f r o m two pieces; L H III A2; H . 23.8, D . max. 15.5, D . rim 9.6 ( Fi g . 3 , 5 ).
Shape: FS 3 1 9 with globular body a n d r o u n d bot tom, short, collar neck, flattened, legs bent outwards, round basket handle asymmetrically attached t o the shoulders. Clay: pure, slipped 1 0 Y R 7 / 3 (very pale b r o w n ) . Decoration and paint: F M 7 2 tassel pattern, evenly applied paint 5 Y R 5 / 8 (yellowish red) to 5 Y R 3 / 2 (dark reddish), carelessly executed decoration of horizon tal lines, a n d tassel pattern, neck painted b u t lip reserved, ladder pattern on the handle, the strap o n the neck goes d o w n , narrows and encircles the handle's bases.
T h e collar neck suggests that t h e vessel had orig inally a lid as several R h o d i a n basket vases did39. T h i s ves
sel has some features rarely f o u n d in other basket vases, b u t two examples f r o m the cemetery of PylonaAspropilia are g o o d analogies: vase 1 6 4 8 2 for the legs and 16505 for the motif although in o u r case it can be classified as a tassel pattern, and o n the Pylona vase it is a "reduced foliate band"4 0. A n o t h e r very good analogy for shape, dec oration scheme and legs type is to be f o u n d in the Akavi Collection4 1. Since the characteristics of clay and paint are almost identical to the Pylona vases which were (as was proven by fabric analysis), m a d e in S o u t h e r n Rhodes, we can be sure that our vase was also m a d e in the same area.
3 . Th e i do l f ro m th e N at i o n al
M u s e u m in W ars aw c o l l e c t i o n
( Fi g. 3 , 5 )
P h i i d o l , 1 9 9 0 9 3 M N W4 2; L H HIB; H . 12.8, D .
base 3.1, D . stem 1.6, D . dise 4.6.
Shape: head with bird's face a n d low, flat top resembling a slight polos, eyes painted, nose in relief; flat, discoid b o d y of s o m e w h a t cordate shape with applied breasts and n o arms; tall, w h e e l m a d e stem with splaying concave base.
Clay: pure, 5 Y R 7 / 3 (pink).
D e c o r a t i o n a n d p a i n t : p a i n t barely visible 5 Y R 5 / 8 (yellowish red) painted: nose, eyes, the top of the head, lines below eyes, a b a n d at t h e base of the neck, a b a n d a r o u n d the upper b o d y , oblique lines across the body, vertical straight lines o n the stem a n d horizontal b a n d o n the base's rim; n o trace of a plait is visible, the back of the b o d y was probably m o n o c h r o m e . 54 MDP: 79, 108. 35 RM DP: 530, fig. 189.152. 36 The kylix originally had belonged to the collection of the
zyxwvutsrponmlkjihgfedcbaZYWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Archдologischen Museen der AlbertusUniversitдt zu Kцnigs berg Pr. (inv. no. F. 225) which contained objects from Schliemann's collection, deposits from Berliner Museen and objects from Greece and Asia Minor collected by G. Hirschfeld; the description of the kylix was published by R. LULLIES,zyxwvutsrponmlkihgfedcbaXVTSRPONMLKIHGFEDCBA
Antike Kleinkunst in Königsberg PR., Kцnigsberg PR. 1936,p. 910. It has never been complete but it seems that a part of the body described by Lullies is now missing. In the N M W since 1948; published in CVA Pologne 5, Varsovie Musιe
National 2,
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVTSRPNMLKIHGFEDCBA
IIΙ Α , pl. 1.1.37 E.g.: Pellana ( R M D P : 272, fig. 90.115); Mycenae
(E. FRENCH,yxvtsronmlihgfedcaTRPMLIHEDCA Late Helladic IIIA2 Pottery from Mycenae, BSA 60, 1965, nos. 504, 549, fig. 2, p. 165; fig. 5, p. 173); Vourvatsi (M. BENZI, Ceramica micenea in Attica, Milano 1975, cat. no. 317, pl. XXI.317); Langada (M. BENZI, Mycenaean Pottery later than LH IIIA1 from Italian Excavations at Trianda on Rhodes
[in:] Archaeology in the Dodecannese, S. Dietz, I. Papadopoulou eds, Copenhagen 1988, cat. no. 11, p. 41, 52).
38 In the N M W since 1947, formerly in Szczecin; first published
CVA Pologne 5, Varsovie Musιe National 2, IIIA, pl. 1. 2.
39 Study of Rhodian basket vases: P. M O U N T J O Y , Mycenaean
Pottery from Southern Rhodes, Proceedings of the Danish Institute at Athens 1, 1995, p. 2135, esp. p. 2125. The author con vincingly argues for LH IIIA2 as the dating of all these vases and gives arguments for Southern Rhodes as the place of their origin.
40 E. KARANTZALI, The Mycenaean Cemetery at Pybna on
Rhodes [BARIntSer, vol. 988], Oxford 2001, p. 4748, fig. 37, pi. 36.d, e. For the motif cf. Lachania 14 M. BENZI, Rodi in età micenea [Incunabula Graeca, vol. 44], Roma 1992.
41 M.L. M O R R I C O N E , Vasi della collezione Akavi, ASAtene
5758, 197980, no. 115, p. 308309, fig. 170 (the author mentioned the Warsaw vase as an analogy for the Akavi speci men).
42 In the N M W since 1948, formerly in Frombork.
K A Z IM IER Z L EW A R T O W SK I
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaYWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
The figurine has the general characteristics of group В of Phi idols, such as tall stem and painted eyes43. But the shape of the disc and larger number of vertical lines on the stem are features resembling group A or even the large idol of ProtoPhi type44. T he lack of a plait was noticed in LH HIB Phi idols45. The oblique lines are straight, a feature rarely observed on Phi idols46.vtsronigebaIFA
Abbreviations
FM Furumark motif number according to MP FS Furumark shape number according to MPMD P P.A. MO UNT JO Y ,
yvutsrponmlihgfedcaTPOMLIGFDA
Mycenaean Decorated Pottery: A G uide to Identification [SIMA, vol. 73],zyxwvutsrqponmlkihgfedcbaYXWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFDCBA
Göteborg 1986 MP A. FURUMARK ,yutsrqonmlihgfedcaRPOMIDCA
Mycenaean Pottery. A nalysis and Classification, Stockholm 1941MP
ZYWUTSROMLKIECA
III
A. FURUMARK , Mycenaean Pottery III, Plates, P. Aström, R. Hägg, G. Walberg eds [ActaAth, 4° vol. 20,fasc. 3], Stockholm 1992
RMD P P.A. MO UNT JO Y , Regional Mycenaean Decorated Pottery, Rahden/Westfalen 1999
KAZIMIERZ LEWARTOWSKI
wuLA
{LA uw)YWUTSRPONMLKJIHFECBA
M Y C EN A EA N O B JEC T S FR O M T H E N A T I O N A L M U S E U M IN W A R S A W
SUMMARY
A m o n g the collection of antiquities in the National Museum of Warsaw there is a group of Mycenaean vases and a Mycenaean "phi" idol. There is also a small collection of Mycenaean sherds belonging to the Museum Ś lą skie deposited in the National Museum. T he aim of this paper is to publish the sherds, the idol and to publish or republish the vases (some of them were published in CVA but in inadequate way). The origin of the vases and the idol is generally unknown. T hey all date to LH IILAB periods (with exception of a few sherds which may be LH Ш С е ) and do not present especially interesting features, although there is among them a threelegged basket vase of the shape known from Southern Rhodes only, and motive from sherd i which is very rare.43 E. FRENCH, Development of Mycenaean Terracotta F igurines, BSA66, 1971, p. 117.
44 FRENCH, ibidem, pi. 15d. « FRENCH, ibidem, p. 117118.
46 Straight, but thinner, lines are on Phi idol from Tomb 19 in
Deiras: J. DESHAYES, A rgos. L es fouilles de la Deiras
zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
[Études Péloponnésiennes, vol. 4], Paris 1966, p. 8081, pl. 78.5.KAZIMIERZ LEW ARTOW SKI
PLATE 3
KAZIMIERZ LEW ARTOW SKI
PLATE 4
WNM
1 9 9 8 0 1 2 1 9 9 8 0 1 3 MNW
1 4 7 6 9 0
KAZIMIERZ LEW ARTOW SKI
PLATE 5
KAZIMIERZ LEW ARTOW SKI
PLATE б
KAZIMIERZ LEW ARTOW SKI