Decennial symposium. 14-16 October 1959. Part 1. Addresses at the opening of the new building, historical remarks, views of the research facilities

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,N1SüfE HOGESCHOOL DELF1

VLIEGTUIGBOUWKUNDE Michiel d. Ruyferweg 1 0 - D~lFT

14 dec

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1960

DECENNIAL SYMPOSIUM

ADDRESSES AT THE OPENING OF THE NEW BUILDING

HISTORICAL REMARKS

VIEWS OF THE RESEARCH FACILITIES

14-16 OCTOBER 1959

PROCEEDINGS, PART 1

---Plasma Tunnel

Supersonic Tunnel

Shock Tube

Ground Cushion Research Laboratory

'nstitute of Aerophysics

Flow Noise Duel:

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--DR. BISSELL ADDRESSES THE SYMPOSIUM

Left to right: Dr. G. N. Patterson, Dr. O. M. Solandt, Dr. A. H. Zimmerman, Dr. C. T. Bissell, Dr. F.C.A. Jeanneret, DeanR. R. Me Laughlin, Prof. T. R. Loudon

AFTER THE CEREMONIES

Left to right: Dr. C. T. Bissell, Dr. G. N. Patterson, Dr. F.C.A. Jeanneret, Dr. A. H. Zimrnerrnan

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VTOLjSTOL I ( i) PROGRAM

UTIA DECENNIAL SYMPOSIUM October 14-16, 1959

Wednesday, October 14

9:00 a. rn. Chairrnan: Mr. A. W. R. Gilchrist, Defence Research Board

Korbacher, Newman, McEachern and Currie, Michaeisen

VTOLjSTOL II 2:00 p. rn.

Chairrnan: Dr. G. D. Boehier, Aerophysics Company Carnpbell, Emmerson, Chaplin, Curtiss and Putman

Thursday, October 15

GASDYNAMICS 9:00 a. rn.

Chairrnan: Dean G. R. Graetzer, School of Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology

Rainbird and Tucker, Glass, Bull, Lobb

ASTRONAUTICS I 2:00 p. rn.

Chairrnan: Dr. I. I. Glass, Institute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto

Savic, Ben~or, Etkin, Lapp

Friday, October 16

ASTRONAUTICS II 9:00 a. rn.

Chairrnan: Dr. J. C . E vvard, Lewis Research Center, National Aeronautic's and Space Administration Evvard, Preston-Thornas, Heikkila

LUNCHEON and PANEL DISCUSSION , Four Winds Restaurant "Canada's Technical Role in the Space Age"

12:30 p. rn.

Chairrnan: Dr. G. S. Field, Chief Scientist, Defence Research Board

Panel:

Dr. J . C . Evvard, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dr. J. J. Green, Defence Research Board

Dr. P. A. Lapp, The deHavilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd.

Dr. H. S. Ribner, Institute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto Dr. D. C. Rose, National Research Council

CEREMONIES 3:30 p. rn.

Official Opening of the New Building of the Institute of Aerophysics Addresses by

Dr. C. T. Bissell, President, University of Toronto

Dr. A. H. Zimmerrnan, C hairman, Defence Research Board Dr. G. N. Patterson, Director, Institute of Aerophysics,

University of Toronto

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(ii~ TABLE OF CONTENTS

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:~F AR.T I Frontispiece

Views of the Ceremonies Program of the Symposium Table of Contents

ADDRESS by OR. C. T. BISSELL, President, University of Toronto

ADD~ESS by DR. A. H. ZIMMERMAN Chairman, Defence Research Board

HISTORICAL REMARKS by DR. G. N. PATTERSON

Director, Institute of Aerophysics

"Aeronautics and the University of Toronto" Teaching Staff of the Institute

Graduates of the Institute

Opening of the panel Discussion on

"Canada' s Technical Role in the Space Age" Views of the Research Facilities

Registration Roster PART II TECHNICAL SESSIONS Forward Table of Contents i ii 1 2 6 11 12 16 17 28 i ii

(Ui) VTOL/STOL I

1. "The Jet Flap and STOL". G. K. Korbacher, lnstitute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto

2. "The Deflection of Two:'Dimensional Jets" B. G. Newman, Laval University

3. "A Lifting Surface Theory for Wings with Submerged Fansll •

N. V. McEacherrl. and M. M. Currie, National Aeronautical

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Establishment. 79

4. IIThe Effect of Tilt-Wing Aircraft Configuration on VTOL/ Presented as STOL Performance" . O. E. Michaelsen, Canadair Ltd. a lecture VTOL/STOL II

5. IINASA Research in the VTOL/STOL Fieldll •

J. P. Campbell, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

6. "Concepis and Developments of the Kaman VTOL/STOL Principle 11 • J. O. Emme rson, Kaman Aircraft

Corporation.

7. "Ground Cushion Research at the David Taylor Model Basin". H. R. Chaplin, David Taylor Model Basin 8. IIA Facility for the Measurement of VTOL Aircraft

Dynamic Characteristics Using Semi-free Flight Models 11

H. C. Curtiss, Jr. and W. F. Putman, Princeton University PART IIl

TECHNlCAL SESSlONS Forward

Table of Contents GASDYNAMlCS

9. IIThe Five Foot Blowdown Tunnel at the National Aero-nautical Establishmentll

• W. J. Rainbird and N. B. Tucker

:lLO. "Spherical Flow and Shock Waves ". 1. 1. Glass, lnstitute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto

105 131 145 174 i ii 194 233

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11. "Summary of Aerodynamic Studies in the CARDE Aero-ballistic Range". G. V" Bull and H. F. Waldron. Cana-dian Armament Research and Development Establishment 12. "Hypersonic Research at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory" .

R. K. Lobb, U. S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory.

ASTRONAUTICS I

13. "The Blast Wave from an lmpulsively Generated and Driven Plasma".

P.

Savic, Division of Mechanical Engineering, National Research Council.

14. "Considerations in the Design and Operation of High Altitude Research Rockets ". E. Bendor , Missiles and Systems Division, Canadair Ltd.

15. "Longitudina:l Dynamics of a Lifting Vehicle in a Cir-cular Orbit". B. Etkin, Institute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto.

16. "A Method for Navigating Satellite Ferry Vehicles". P. A. Lapp, Guided Missiles Division, The deHavilland Aircraft of Canada, Ltd.

ASTRONAUTICS II

'17. "The Urge Tóward Space Conquest". J. C. Evvard, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

18. "Plasma Propulsion for Space Vehicles". H. Preston-Thomas, Division of Applied Physics, National Research Council.

19. "Radio Tracking and Communications Methods for Space Vehicles". W. J. Heikkila, Defence Research

Tele-I

communications Establishment, Defence Researcrh Board.

288 320 345 365 393 429 445 478 491

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( 1) ADDRESS by DR. C. T. BISSELL

President, University of Toronto

On this day of sunshine for the Institute of Aerophysics, it is appropriate, I think, to call attention to the status of a highly specialized researchinstïtute in a modern university. For such an

institute to exist in the first place presupposes a nucleus of keen and well qualified leaders in the special field; and it usually happens that good graduate students will be found clustering, like electrons, around that nucleus. But even given the best personnel and the best intentions,

various pitfalls lie in the institute 's path. A research institute can

become isolate,d from the main stream of university development, thereby losing its connections with the academic community. It can work on

research projects suggested and supported by government bodies until it finds itself, in effèct, a governmental agency, thereby losing its independ-ence. And it can balance its budget, or even overbalance it, by doing all manner of practical research jobs, thereby losing its quality.

The University of Toronto Institute of Aerophysics has stumbled into none of these pitfalls. There are several reasons for this uprightness. In the first pace, while the Institute as such is only in its tenth year, the interest of the University of Toronto in aeronautics dates back to the emergence of that science in the early years of this century. We have a long tradition of air-mindedness - we were not Sputnikked into space research - and so the Institute has deep roots in the academic

community. Moreover, the Director of the Institute has from the beginn-ing been alive to the configurations of contract research and the perils of the practical. It is true that the Institute has enjoyed munificent support from government bodies, in particular from the Defence Research Board of Canada and from the United States Air Force and Navy. But it has not ,handed its programmes over to these or to any other outside sponsors;

its researches have been self-initiated. And it has refused many tempting and lucrative offers of support for practical investigations - not

scorn-~ng the practic~l, but recognizing that that is not its proper work.

The activities of members of the Institute of Aerophysics

fa.ll into two main éategories: original thinking on the long-range pro-ble'.ms of their science, and synthesizing and summarizing from time to

time the advances along the whole aeronautical frontier . This, I submit, is their proper work; they are doing well what few others are doing at all.

1 remember clearly the time in 1949 when the late

Dr. Sidney Smith was considering the proposal of Dr. Gordon Patterson for the establishment of the Institute of Aerophysics. The clinching factor was Dr. Patterson's assurance that the Institute would be, and would

continue to be, an independent University centre for basic research. If Dr. Smith were with us today he would be overjoyed to see how completely his confidence in the dynamic aerodynamicists has been justified.

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(2) ADDRESS by DR. A. H. ZIMMERMAN

Chairman, Defence Research Board

Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chancellor, Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen

-This is a day to which many of us have looked forward for

a long time, and it gives me great pleasure to participate, with you, in

opening this splendid new research Labora tory.

We are ab out to unveil what, in my opinion, amounts to

a unique National as set. The value of this new Laboratory cannot truly

be measured in terms of money, but rather in terms of the stimulus it

will pro vide to scientific researçh and to the new additions to knowledge which we confidently expect wiU flow from it.

Representing, as I do, the major contributing

organiza-tion outside of the University itself. it may be fitting if I look backward

for a few moments.

At an early date in its own career the Defence Research

Board recognized the urgent need for trained aerodynamicists and for

research facilities, the competent use of which would bring new

know-ledge to the broad field of aerophysics. Nothing like it existed in Canada

at that time.

The University authorities were quick to see the possi-bilities, and a memorandum of agreement between the University and the

Defence Research Board was duly signed in July, 1949. The Royal

C anadian A ir Force made a building available at Downsview , and the

Defence Research Board contributed two cheques - one for $250,000 to

physicaUy establish the Institute, and another for $100, 000 to cover

grants-in-aid of research. That was in October, 1949, and it is perhaps

worthy of note that the Institute did not overspend the initial grant until

November, 1950 - a fuU 13 months later! The record shows that an

additional $20, 000 was then found to make the books balance.

The official opening of the new Institute took place on

September 26, 1950. In his address of welcome, the late Dr. Sidney Smith,

then President of the University, said:

"The genesis of the establishment of this Institute of

Aerophysics in the U of T is due to the foresight of

Professor T. R. Loudon. 11

I am told that as early as 1934, Prof. Loudon had offered, as an option

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In the following year, there came to him a brilliant young graduate of the University of A lberta to take his Ph. D. in Physics. This was Dr. Gordon Patterson, who became the first, and fortunately still re-mains, the Director of the Institute.

It is clear that we owe Prof. Loudon a debt of gratitude,

not only for his long-standing interest in, and support of, Aerophysics, but also for finding the man who has made such an outs tanding success of this Institute.

In reviewing the accomplishments of the past decade, we in the Defence Research Board feel that our total investment of more than $1,500, 000 has been amply justified. The Institute, under Prof. Patterson's able direction, has achieved an international reputa tion, and the published results of its research work are eagerly sought for by all of those

interested in the broad field of Aerophysics. In the same period there have been 65 graduates now holding either their Masters or Ph. D. degrees.

What of the fut ure ? I would now like to briefly consider the nature of our on-rushing problems, not only in defence matters, but also in the broader field of education.

We are becoming more aware every day of Russia's intense drive and concentration on scientific achievement. From early school age to graduate level, science in Russia is encouraged by real incentives. Bright students, by applying themselves to their academie training are rewarded with a higher standard of living than their fellows; teachers are held in high respect and paid very well; first-class buildings and equipment are provided on a lavish scale; it is in fact quite apparent that an aristocracy of privileged people, large ly made up of scientists and engineers, is emerging in Russia.

One writer has summed it up by saying that "Russia's national preoccupation is in solving scientific and intellectual problems and indeed to wrest technological superiority away from the West". A nother goes even further. He says:

lilt is not only our military, scientific and technological capabilities that Russia has challenged. In a more subtle and profound way it is challenging our system of government. Can Democracy ensure survival?"

Admiral Riekover, who accompanied Vice-President Nixon on a visit to the Soviet Union and to Poland last summer, declared his conviction that "Our really great race with the Soviet Union is in education, since the nation that wins this race will be the potentially dominant power." He went on to stress two facts which underline the urgency of the situation facing the West. He noted that Russia and

Poland are currently graduating more qualified scientists and engineers than the USA, and he pointed out that their high school graduates already

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knowas much as our students do at the end of 2 years of college. He concluded that there must be a vast upgrading of the quality and content of American education, particularly emphasizing the basic arts and sciences.

Such authoritative statements as these are not only challenging, but they should serve to strengthen our determination in the West to keep pace.

During the next seven years, Soviet Universities are scheduled to graduate 2,300, 000 scientists and engineers - 106, 000 were graduated this year as against 47,000 in the USA.

The simple arithmetic of this numbers game makes it unlikely that the Nations of the West can win it. What then, is the alterna-tive? It seems to me that we must greatly increase our emphasis on quality, as opposed to quantity, and that we must stress the primary

importance to the Nation of an expanded program of fundamental research, as the essential prerequisite to the succeeding development and production phases.

As a minimum, we in the West are faced with the problem of survival as free democratic states; as a maximum we could generate What has been termed a second Elizabethan Age, in which the frontiers of science and technology continue to be rolled back, to the great advantage of all mankind. In either case, we can do nothing less than press on to the fullest extent of our energy and resources with the advancement and growth of new knowiedge. My question today is - Is our awareness of the problem as a Nation sufficiently acute to ensure appropriate action? I think not.

In saying this, I am fully alive to the healthy ferment going on in the academie world. - to the modernization of curricula; to new innovations in teaching methods; to recent improvements in salary scales and in facilities to cope with growing numbers; to the long-range planning for growth at all of our leading universities; and to the financial drives surrounding them. The obvious problem is one of money; the less obvious, but in my opinion, more fundamental one is that of bridging the gap in communication and understanding between the academie and

scientific communities on the one hand, and our legislators and industrial leaders on the othe.r. Some worthwhile progress has been made, but it is too slow, too tenuous and too uncertain to meet present day demands. In my view, the nature of science, the essentiality of freedom to pursue it, and the importa.nce of its impact on modern society, is simply not well understood by those who control large amounts of money. As I see it, the basic challenge facing the universities today is to 50 organize their

story that all of those who hear it will say, "Yes, we've got do this thing, the money will be found. "

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Possib1y the formation of a Canada Scientific Council might be one step towards a solution in that it would at least provide a focal point for publicizing the prob1ems and for debating the issues.

Certainly. Mr. Macmillan's proposal to establish a Ministry of Science in Great Britain, with a Minister of Cabinet Rank, wiU be watched with the greatest of interest by all of us.

On the other hand, the dangers inherent in a centralized approach must be avoided. Nothing will kill the spirit of research more quickly than regimentation. While governments can and should p1ay a vital role as generous patrons of science, the decisions relating to scientific programs must a1ways be left to the scientists themse1ves.

It is reported that out of 59 members of the Praesidium of the USSR, 37 have a scientific or technological background. If there are even one or two members of our legislative bodies with such qualifications, I do not know of them. Today our frontier is an inteUectual one - the scholar, the teacher, the scientist and the engineer are the pioneers, and it is they to whom we must look, not only to keep our educational goals quite c1ear, but to interpret those goals in ways which will make them attainable. In attempting to do so, they might weU keep in mind that most descriptive passage in the Bible which says - "If the trumpet gives forth an uncertain sound, who shall follow into battle?"

In 1948, Professor Einstein made the challenge quite clear. He said - "Our situation is not comparable to anything in the past.

It is impossib1e therefore to app1y methods and measures which at an

earlier age might have been sufficient. We must revo1utionize our thinking and revolutionize our actions. "

This new Laboratory we are opening today is a stepping stone to new knowledge. These physical facilities testify to the zeal and experience of the men who have planned them. I congratulate all of you who have spent time and effort on them, and those of you who will have a part in realizing their great potential. From them, we sense many new but as yet unknown developments. The Institute will stress quality in its work and in its graduates. It epitomizes the modern need in many other fie lds of science.

It is now my great privilege to declare this new Institute of Aerophysics open, with the hope, and indeed the conviction, th<it aU of those who work here will add stature to themselves, to the University and to Canada.

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( 6) HISTORICAL REMARKS by DR. G. N. PATTERSON,

Director, Institute of Aerophy'sics, University of Toronto AERONAUTICS AND THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

This year, 1959, is an important milestone in the history

of aeronautical development in Canada. It is the fiftieth anniversary of

the first flight of a powered, heavier-than-air machine in Canada. On February 23, 1909, John McCurdy flew the Silver Dart fr om the ice of Baddeck Bay, Bras d'Or Lakes in Cape Breton Island. The first flight by a Canadian in a powered aircraft was made about a year earlier (March 12, 1908) over a lake in New York State by "Casey" Baldwin. These men

were graduates of the University of Toronto. It is significant that the

long association of the University of Toronto with aeronautics in Canada dates back to our earliest efforts to fly.

During the First World War (1914-18) the University of Toronto became a centre of aeronautical activities and by 1918 an aero-dynamics laboratory had been established under the supervision of J, H. Parkin who recently retired from the position of Director of the Division of Mechanical Engineering, National Research Council. The ma in item of equipment in this laboratory was a wind tunnel with a test section four feet square and a speed of about 80 miles per hour. For ten years this laboratory was a major centre of aeronauticalresearch in Canada and contributed substantially toward the design of R. C. A. F. aircraft of that period. In fact active governmental research in aeronauqcs in Canada

under the National Research Council did not begin until 1929. '

In 1927 the Associate Air Research Committee of the National Research Council recommended that the time was appropriate for setting up a course in aeronautical engineering in Canada. In October, 1928 such a course was initiated at the University of Toronto as an option in the Department of Mechanical Engineering under the supervision of Mr. J. H. Parkin. At this time Mr. B. S. Shenstone, now Chief Engineer of British European Airways, received the M. A. Sc. degree and became the first student to graduate in aeronautics in Canada.

With the departure of Mr. Parkin to the National Research Council in 1929, the option course in aeronautics would have lapsed in 1930 were it not for the untiring efforts of Prof. T. R. Loudon who con-tinued the course initiallyon a voluntary basis. Following the formation of the course in Engineering Physics, Professor Loudon succeeded in

reinstating the

aero~autics

course as an option in Engineering Physics in

1935. Between 1935 and 1944 some outstanding men graduated from this option inc luding Professor B. E tkin, now on the staff of the Institute of Aerophysics and Mr. R. D. Hiscocks, Chief Engineer of the DeHavilland

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Aircraft CO. of Canada and winner of the McCurdy Award. In 1945 aero-nautical engineering achieved the status of a teaching department in the Faculty of Applied Science anq Engineering under the chairmanship of Prof. T. R. Loudon who also remained head of the Departm'ent of Civil Engineering. At the time of Professor Loudon's retirement in 1954 the undergradua te course in aeronautical engineering was well established. This phase in the development of aeroDéiutical education at the University of Toronto was particularly notabie ior the ,succ'ess of the students in

designing and building a w00den glider which later showed very satisfactory performance.

It is well known that the cessation of armed conflict at the end of World War II was not accompanied by an abatement of the "techno-logical war". The necessity for maintaining technological parity or

superiority in the various defence sciences, has been constantly emphasi~~­

ed during the subsequent cold war. The paramount importanee ofaerorlautics to defence placed considerable emphasis on this science and it is not sur-prising that p):lenomenally rapid strides have beeri made since 1946. Indeed, durîng the first forty years of manned powered flight (1903-1943), even military 'aircraft flew at sustained level speeds well below the speed of sound, but some sixteen years later speeds in excess of twice that of sound were realized. This year (1959) the accelerated development of rocket science has produced the ICBM and the satellite and points to the probability of space flight.

These developments were accompanied by the appearance on this continent of organizations in a number of universities which com-bined the function of graduate training with a program of fundamental research. These institutes provided high calibre graduates for govern-ment and industry, and at the same time they uncovered new areas of science from which important developments e merged. It was the writer's good fortune. to spend a post-doctoral year at each of two highly successful instit\ltes (1945-47) - the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory,

,California Institute of Technology. and the Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton University. During the period 1947 -48 the author pointed out on various occasions that Canada needed at least one centre for graduate studies and research in aeronautics and submitted the reimlts of a study of the subject in a repórt entitled "A Detailed Proposal for a Supersonic Aerodynamics Laboratory". On February 19, 1949, the writer formally proposed to the late Dr. Sidney E. Smith, former President of the Univer-sity of Toronto, the establishment of an Institute of Aerophysics. Subse-quently the need for this ,organization was also recognized by the Defence Research Board. With the assurance of the participation of the University of Toronto by Dr. S. E. Smith, the provision of a gene rous grant by the Defence Research Board through Dr. O. M. Solandt (formerly chairman ,

of D. Ro B. and now Vice-President of Canadian National Railways) and the temporary loan of a building by the RCAF through Air Marshal W. A. Curtis

(formerly Chief of Air Staff, now retired), the way was opened for an agreement between the Defence Research Board and the University of Toronto for the establishment of the Institute of Aerophysics.

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A total grant of $350, 000 was received by the University of Toronto from the Defence Research Board in March, 1949 to pro vide for modifications of an existing building at Downsivew Airport, the construct-ion of facilities for research in supersonic aerodynamics, and operating expenses for a period of three years. In July 1949 an agreement was signed between the Defence Research Board and the University of Toronto which provided for the establishment of "an organization to be known as the Institute of Aerophysics, University of Toronto" for the purposes of the training of scientific personnel at the graduate level and engaging in basic research in the aeronautical sciences. In September, 1949 the staff and students occupied the building and it was formally opened.

It is appropriate to record here the deep appreciation of the writer for the understanding and encouragement expressed by Dr. Sidney E. Smith and.Dr. O. M. Solandt in the forma tive stages described above. The practical assistance and cooperation of the Defence Research Board and the Board of Governors of the University of Toronto is also gratefully acknowledged.

For the next five years the Institute of Aerophysics was operated as an independent research laboratory which provided lectures and research facilities for the use of students registered in various teaching departments, most students taking their degrees in the Depart-ments of Aeronautical Engineering and Mathematics. In association with Dr. 1. I. Glass, who was a member of the first Ph. D. graduating class, the author was able to set up a series of research projects based on supersonic wind tunnels and shock tubes. The absence of administrative constraints during these years allowed the Institute to find its own level and it developed naturally into an organization which gave equal emphasis to research and teaching. This balance of emphasis was found to produce the best graduates. During this period the Advisory Committee for

Aerophysics Research, appointed under the above agreement, was particu-larly active. The contributions of two members of this committee, Dr. J . J . Green and former Dean K. F. Tupper, were very beneficial to the Institute.

The year 1954 saw the retirement of Professor Loudon, who had been helpful in many ways during the establishment of the Institute, and the Institute temporarily assumed responsibility [or the Department of Aeronautical Engineering. In 1955 the Institute of Aerophysics became administrativelya division of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineer-ing and absorbed the Department of Aeronautical Engineering by undertak-ing its teachundertak-ing functions. Under this arrangement all affiliation of aero-nautical engineering with other teaching departments in the faculty was dissolved, and the Institute became the first university division in Canada to give full time to aeronautical instruction and research, and in this respect it is still urlique. During this phase of growth a number of admin-istrative problems were solved through the helpful advice and cooperation of Dean R. R. McLaughlin.

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At this stage training at the graduate level in the Institute

was well established. It was becoming clear, however, that with the rapid

advance of aeronautical science and the need for more fundamentals in the

undergraduate course, a qualified aeronautical engineer could not be

ade-quately trained in four years. Accordingly the course was increased to five years. The first four years became an aeronautics option in

Engi-neering Physics (B. A. Sc. degree) and on the successful completion of the

fifth year the student received the degree of M.A. Sc. in Aeronautical

Engineering. In this connection it is interesting to consider the words of

Dr. Richard G. Folsom during his inauguration as President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Troy, N. Y. ). He prophesied a time when "a four-year first degree is no longer an engineering degree but is essentially a pre-engineering degree". He conc luded that "graduate work, either in the professional or scientific areas, is a necessity for a complete engineering education" . These statements are indicative of some American thinking on the subject of engineering education. They are alreaäy true in the field of aeronautical engineering according to our view.

In 1955 the Institute received its first contract from the U. S.

Air Force Office of Scientific Research and in 1957 the first one from the

Office of Naval Research of the U. S. Navy. These contracts and the

annual grants provided by the Defence Research Board have always resulted from proposals made by the Institute itself. At no time has a research project been undertaken which lay outside the interest of a staff member. The writer can say from experience that working with the above

organiza-tions has involved absolutely no 1055 of academie freedom.

The future of the Institute as a permanent division of the University of Toronto was now assured but there was little prospect of further development in the building at Downsview Airport, since all

avail-able space had been occupied. The time had come to consider the

possibility of

a

new building in a permanent site. In 1955 Dr. O. M. Solandt

discussed with the author an earlier problem relevant to the relocation of

a subsonic wind tunnel on the campus. It was decided that consolidation

of UTIA facilities was necessary~ and in November, 1955 a special grant

of $100, 000 was made by the Defence Research Board for the relocation

of the subsonic tunnel. Subsequently the inadvisability of moving this tunnel

to Dow'nsview became apparent, and the grant was held in a trust' fund

pending further consideration of the possibility of a new building. In 1956

the University of Toronto provided a new site consisting of about 18 acres

on the west bank of a branch of the Don River in North Toronto. The Defence Research Board was again approached with a view to obtaining a

second grant for re location purposes and during 1957 a campaign to raise

funds in the Canadian aircraft industry was undertaken which produced

relatively small sums of money except for $50,000 donated by A. V. Roe

Canada Ltd. In March, 1958 a further grant of $150, 000 was received fr om

the Defence Research Board. A new agreement between the University of

Toronto and the Defence .Research Board was signed in A pril, 1958)

cover-ing the present status of the Institute and the arrangement under which relocation would be accomplished. The available funds permitted

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(10)

the relocation of all but the large supersonic wind tunnel. It was agreed that the Institute would retain possession of the building at Downsview Air-port until relocation of this facility could be made. Our sincere apprecia-tion is due to Dr. A. H. Zimmerman, Chairman of the Defence Research Board, Dr. G. S. Field, Chief Scientist of the Defence Research Board, and Mr. F. S. Stone, Vice-President (administration) of the University of Toronto for their interest and assistance during these negotiations. In November, 1958 the new building was occupied.

This year, 1959, is the decennial year of the Institute of Aerophysics. As an expression of our appreciation of assistance received

in the past it was decided to hold a Decennial Symposium and official

open-ing of the new building. The reader will realize at this stage the order of magnitude of the assistance received from the Defence Research Board. It was our great pleasure to have Dr. A. H. Zimmerman as the principal speaker at the official opening and to place a panel discus sion on "Canada's Technical Role in the Space Age" under the chairmanship of Dr. G. S. Field. We take this opportunity also to express our thanks to the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Office of Naval Research, U. S. Navy,

whose contributions have been vital to our growth. But what words can be

found to express our appreciation to Professors Glass, Etkin, Ribner,

Korbacher, Poppleton and deLeeuw who are the embodiment of the Institute?

Looking to the future, some problems remain to be solved,

the most immediate of which is the relocation of the supersonic wind tunnel on the new site. A trial course on AeronauticaljAstronautical engineering has been set up and requires development. The Institute will participate in the activities of the Associate Committee for Space Research of the

National Research Council. It wiU also give attention to "air cushion" devices which may alter considerably our ideas on transportation. Our borders must be enlarged to include some activities in aerostructures, metallurgy and guidance. But the underlying policy of the Institute will

remain unchanged. It is based on the simple premise that where the tre,asure of the scientist is, there win his heart be also. It is the writer's view

that the function of the administrator of a university institute is to help the scientist find his treasure and leave himself time too for teaching and research.

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( 11)

TEACHING STAFF OF INSTITUTE OF AEROPHYSICS

Director: Head of the Department of Aeronautical Engineering

and Aerophysics. School of Graduate Studies: Professor of

Aeronautical Engineering.

G. N. Patterson, B.Sc. (Alta.), M.A .• Ph.D .• LLD .• F .R. Ae.S.,

F.C.A.I., F.I.A.S., F.R.S.C.

Professors of Aeronautical Engineering

B. Etkin, M.A.Sc., F.C.A.I.

H.S. Ribner. B.S. (Cal. I.T.), M.S •• Ph.D. (Wash.)

Associate Professor Aeronautical Engineering

I. I. Glass, M. A. Sc .• Ph. D.

Assistant Professors of Aeronautical Engineering

J.H. deLeeuw, M.S. in A.E. (Georgia) Dipl. Ing. (Delft). Ph.D.

G. K. Korbacher, Dipl. Ing. (Berlin), Ph. D. (Braunschweig)

E. D. Poppleton, M. Sc .• (Lond. ), D. I. C.

Special Lecturer

R.D. Hiscocks, M.B.E ., B.A.Sc. , F .C.A.I.

Demonstrators

M. Y. elBaroudi, S. B. (M. I. T.)

E.O. Gadamer, M.A.

M. Ivanocko, B. A. Sc.

S. Molder, B.A.Sc.

R. S. Rangi, B.A. (Lahore). D.I.C.

W.E.B. Roderiek, B.A.Sc.

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(12)

GRADUATES OF lNSTlTUTE OF AEROPHYSlCS

D. Bitondo 1. 1. G1ass R. K. Lobb G. V. Bull D. H. Henshaw P. Mand1 C . 1. H. Nicholl W. B. Fallis D. G. Gou1d J. D. Lee E. K. Parks J. Ruptash J. D. Stewart G. W. Johnston A. M. Patterson J. G. Hall L. R. Fowell 1. J. Billington N. B. Tucker Ph.D. GRADUATES 1950

Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto)

Eng. Phys. (A1berta) 1951

Aero Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Ma th. Phys. (T oronto) Eng. Phys. (Queens)

1952

Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Eng. Phys. (A1berta) Eng. Phys. (A1berta) Aero. Eng. (Toronto)

1953

Eng. Phys. (Toronto) Eng. Phys. (A1berta)

1954

Eng. Phys. (U. B. C. )

Ma th. (Man.)

Eng. Phys. (U. B. C.) Aero. Eng. (Toronto)

Northrop Corp. (C a1ifornia) lnstitute of Aerophy-sics, University of Toronto N. O. L. (Maryland) C.A.R.D.E. (P.Q.) DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. N. R. C., Ottawa Laval University, Quebec, P.Q. General E1ectric, lndiana N . A . E ., Otta w a Ohio State University University of Kansas Carleton University Ottawa

General E1ectric Co. Philade1phia DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. PNL (DRB) Esquimalt B.C. C ornell Aeronautica1 Lab. lnc., Buffa10, New York.

Convair, Fort Worth Dilworth Second & As soc ia tes, T oronto N . A. E. (Ottawa)

(13)

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1956

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J.H. T. Wade Aero. Eng. (Toronto) McMaster University

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Hamilton

R. L. Martino Math &Physics (Toronto) Waterloo University,

Kitchener.

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1957

K. R. Enkenhus Eng. Phys. (Queen's) Naval Ordnance Lab.

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Mc.

B. N. Pridmore- Aero. Eng. (Cal. Tech.) Convair, Forth Worth,

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Brown Texas

E. A. Racicot Math &Physics (Toronto) Remington Rand,

Toronto

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1958

J. H. deLeeuw Eng. (Delft) Institute of Aerophysics

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University of Toronto

W. A. Martin Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Convair, San Diego

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H. F. Waldron Aero. Eng. (Toronto) C. A. R. D. E., Quebec

1959

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E. L. Harris Eng. (Queen's) Naval Ordnance Lab.

Maryland

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L. N. Wilson Aero. Eng. (Toronto) A rmour Research

Chicago

M.A.Sc. GRADUATES

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1948

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L. E. Fraenke1 Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Imperia1 College,

London

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K. C. Livingston Aero. Eng. (Toronto) University of Toronto

G. B. Thornton Aero. Eng. (Toronto) University of Toronto

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1949

W. B. McCarter Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

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F. A. Woodward Eng. Phys. (U.B.C. ) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

1950

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E. C. Augestine Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

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E. K. Fallis Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

1. S. McLeish Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

H. G. Proctor- Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

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Gregg

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₍₁₄₎

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G. B. Waterman Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

H. T.Wu Aero. Eng. (China) McGill University

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S. Young Aero. Eng. (Toronto) ₁₉₅₁ Avro Aircraft Ltd.

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A. W. Armstrong Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

W. E. Blake1ey Eng. Phys. (A 1berta)

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G. W. Reid Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

1952

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J.G.R. Collette Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Convair, San Diego

K.D.J. Owen Aero. Eng. (Toronto) RCAF

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1954

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D. W. Boyer Physics (Me1bourne) Institute of Aerophysics

University of Toronto

C. A. Ford Physics (Western) C omputing Devices of

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Canada, Ottawa

W. E. Laundry Aero. Eng. (Toronto) DeHavilland Aircraft

of Canada Ltd.

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R. M. McKee Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

L. N. Wilson Aero. Eng. (Toronto A rmour Research

Chicago.

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1955

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G. K. Dimock Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Avro Aircraft Ltd.

E. L. Harris Eng. (Queen's) N. O. L. (Maryland).

G. A. Watts A. A. in Ae. (Spartan Avro Aircraft Ltd.

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College)

1956

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R. T. Keefe Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Institute of Aerophysics,

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University of Toronto

G. R. Ludwig Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Institute of Aerophysics

University of Toronto

A. K. Sreekanth Mech. Eng. (Mysore) Institute of Aerophysics

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University of Toronto

1957

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A. G. Boyer Physics (Me 1bourne) Institute of Aerophysics

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D. Brown Aero. Eng. (Bristo1) University of Toronto Avro Aircraft Ltd.

M. Brenckmann Aero. Eng. (Zurich)

o

eHa villand A irc raft ..,

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A. J. Campbell E. P. Muntz AeroAero. Eng. (Toronto) . Eng. (Toronto) RCAF Institute of Aerophysics

D. M. McGregor J. B. Murray S. H. Ga1ezowski K. Sridhar E. R. Wolff J. C1ark V. D. Prendergast S. G. Datar

w.

H. Friend R. Madill B. W. Tay10r (15)

Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Physics (Madras) E1ec. Eng. (Berlin)

1958

Eng. (London)

Aero. Eng. (Toronto)

1959

Aero. Eng. (Madras Inst. of Techno1ogy)

Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Aero. Eng. (Toronto) Physics (Acadia)

RCAF RCAF

Avro Aircraft, Malton Institute of Aerophysics University of Toronto Boeing Airp1ane Co., Seattle, Washington

Avro Aircraft, Malton Avro Aircraft, Ma1ton

C.A.R.D.E. (P.Q.) DeHa villand A irc raft of Canada, Toronto

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---DR. G. S. FIELD, CHIEF SCIENTIST, DEFENCE RESEARCH BOARD, OPENS THE PANEL DISCUSSION ON "CANADA IS TECHNICAL ROLE IN THE SPACE AGE"

Left to right: Dr. H. S. Ribner, Dr. J. C. Evvard, Dr. G. S. Field, Dr. D. C. Rose,

THE FIRING OF THE LARGE SHOCK TUBE SIGNALED THE OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE NEW BUILDING AND THE START OF THE TOUR OF INSPECTION

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---PART VIEW OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE STUDY OF GROUND CUSHION AERODYNAMICS.

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Name J. C. Arnell A. B. Bailey R. G. Batch E. C. Beard J. Beebe W. K. Bell 1. J. Billington G. Boehler D. Bogdanoff W. H. Brabson J. C. Breeze D. Brown G . V. Bull F. H. Buller Lt. Col. H. L. Bush J . P. Campbell W. F. Campbell E. C. Carter A. H. Chamberlain H. R. Chaplin J.P.C. Clark W. R. Cole A. R. Collar W. R. Correll M. M. Currie H. C. Curtiss W. C zerwin,ski H. J. Davies R. R. Dexter, E. J. Dic kinson E. M. Dowlen R. R. Duddy J. B. Edwards M. H. Edwards J. O. Emmerson J. C. Evvard W. B. Fallis Sir Roy Fedden Tsun-Ying Feng G. S. Field C. A. Ford J. B. Fotheringham D. R. Francis B. L. R. Fry (28) REGISTRATION ROSTER Address Royal Canadian Air Force Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Ministry of Supply, London

Dept. of Army, U. S. A.

AFHQ, Royal Canadian Air Force Dilworth Secord &Associates Ltd. Aerophysics Company

C anadair Ltd.

U. S. Defence Department

University of Western Ontario Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto CARDE, Valcartier, Quebec

DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada

U. S. Army

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Aeronautical Establishment

Aircraft Research Association Ltd.

Air Ministry, London

David Taylor Model Basin

Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto Royal Canadian Air Force University of Bristol, England

A. V. Roe Canada Ltd., Malton, Ont.

National Research Council

Princeton University

National Aeronautical Establishment, Ottawa

University of Princeton

Institute of the Aero. Sciences

Laval University

English Electric Aviation Co.

British Joint Services Mission, Washington, D. C.

Handley Page Ltd.

Royal Military College

The Kaman Aircraft Corporation

National Aeronautics and Space Adolinstration

A llison Di vis ion, GMC

Royal Aeronautical Society"

Bell Aircraft

Defence Research Board

Computing Devices of Canada Ltd. Royal Canadian Navy

The Financia 1 Post Canadair Ltd.

N. Galitzine D. B. Garland A. W. R. Gilchrist C. H. Glenn D. G. Gould G. R. Graetzer J. G. Hall J. A. Hamilton P. Hampton H. Gerry

W.

J. Heikkila D. H. Henshaw R. Hills R. D. Hiscocks H. J. C. Ireton A. M. Jackes G. Jacquemin C. B. Jeffery G. W. Johnston G. J. Klein P.A. Lapp W. E. Laundry R. K. Lobb W. T. Lord T. R. Loudon H. J. Luckert E . J. Lynch R. J. MacMillan J. D. MacNaughton P. Mandl P. G. Masefield N. V. McEachern A. McGregor R. B. McIntyre R. M. McKee J. McKillop H. McMahon H. Metcalfe O. E. MichaeIsen C. Miller M. B. Morgan B. Neal H. D. Nelson Smith B. G. Newman P. A. Norman D.E. Ordway J. L. Orr (29)

National Research Council Avro Aircraft Ltd. , Toronto Defence Research Board Trans Canada Airlines National Research Council

Dean School of Engineering, Institute of Technology, Air University, WPAFB, Ohio Cornell Lab.

Royal Aircraft Est., England Princeton University

University of Western Ontario Defence Research Board

DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Aircraft Research Assoc. Ltd.

DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada University of Toronto

Bell Aircraft

Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto Computing Devices of Canada Ltd. DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada National Research Council DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Naval Ordnance Laboratory Royal Aircraft Establishment DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada

Canadair Limited

Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto Canadian Aeronautical Institute Garrett Mfg. Limited

National Aeronautical Establishment Bristol Aircraft, U. K.

National Aeronautical Establishment, National Research Council

University of Western Ontario DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto

Engineering Research Association CARDE, Valcartier, Quebec

Bristol Aircraft Ltd., U. K. Canadair Limited

University of Toronto Air Ministry, U. K.

National Aeronautical Establishment Tripartite VTOL Working Panel McGill University

Folland Aircraft Ltd., U. K. Tar, Therm Inc., Ithaca, N. Y. Defence Research Board

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G. V. Parkinson A. M. Patterson P. J. Pocock H. Preston-Thomas' C: L. Proctor W: F. Putman W. J., Rainbird R. A. Reynolds E. Richardson A. Ritter D. C. Rose J. Ruptash C. K. Rush J. J'. Samolewicz R. Sandri P. Savic M. G. Scherb~rg B. W. Shumacher, 1. R. Sch~artz L. C. Seçord R. A. Shaw 1. Sinra G. J. Sissingh J; L. Sloan D. A. Spence K .. H. Stefan J . A. Steketee T. A. Stenning , J. D. Steward J. Swithenbank C. P. Thornton W. D. Thorpe K. S. Thue N. B. Tue,ker J. P. Uffen J. M. Vickers R. J. Vidal J. C. Vrana J. H. T. Wade H. F. Waldron E . M. Ware H. R. Warren M. D. Watson C. C. Weissman W. E. White D. C. Whittley L. N. Wilson, J. L. Wosser J . H, T. WU (30)

University of British Columbia

Pacific Naval Lab.

National Aeronautical Establishment National Research Council

University of Toronto Princeton University

National Aeronautical Establishment Orenda Engines Limited

Canadair Limited

Therm, lnc. Ithaca, N. Y.

National Research Council

Carleton University, Ottawa

National Research Council

National Research Council

National Research Council National Research Council

Aero Research Lab. WADC, WPAFB, Ohio

Ontario Research Foundation

Air Force Office of Scientific Research

Dilworth Secord Associates

Ministry of Supply, England

Meiji University, Tokyo

Hiller Aircraft Corp. Palo Alto, California

Canadian Army

Cornell University 'United States Navy

University of Toronto

Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto

Mesud, General Electric

McGill University

National Aeronautical Establishment '

Univers,ity of Toronto

Orenda Engines Ltd.

National Aeronautical Establishmen

DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada University of Nebraska

Cornell Aero. Lab

Canadian Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Co. Ltd.

McMaster University

CARDE, Valcartier, Quebec

Director Civil Aviation, Bermuda Government

DeHavilland Aircraft of Canada

University of Western Ontario United States Navy

Canadian Arsenals Lirr,ited

Avro Aircraft Ltd., Toronto

Armour Research Foundation

U. S. Office of Naval Research