EDITORIAL STAFF E . L . S h a n e r E ditor-in-C hief E . C . K r e u t z b e r o
Editor
Wm. M. R o o n e y I r w i n H. S u c h N ew s Editor Engineering Editor
J. D . K n o x G u y H u b b a r d Steel Plant Editor M achine Tool Editor
D o n S . C a d o t A rt Editor
A SSO C IA T E EDITORS G. H . M a n l o v e , W . J. C a m p b e l l G. W . B i r d s a l l , F . R. B r i g g s , D . B. W i l k i n
J . C . S u l l i v a n
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The M a g a z i n e o f M e t a l w o r k i n g a n d M e t a l p r o d a c i n g
VOL. 116, No. 25 June 18, 1945
--- NEW S---
M unitions C utbacks A re D isem ploying F e w W orkers 73 Steel C onsum ption P ictu re C hanging ... 7f Steel O u tp u t in M ay D rops Below T o tal fo r L ike 1944 M onth 77 Reconversion Problem s 011 W est C oast V ie w ith W a r O u tp u t for A ttention 75
U. S. Steel Subsidiaries Plan $27.5 M illion Im provem ent Program ... 81
W ar P ro d u ctio n B oard R eports on Steel E xpansion ... 9$
--- TECHNICAL--- —
E lev ato r F acilitates Progressive In d u ctio n H e a t T reatin g ... 107N o v e l elevating d evice handles parts up to 50 pounds In term itten t-A ctin g M ills R educe D am age to Strip ... 105
D elivery sp eed ranges fro m 25 to 30 fe e t per m in u te M echanized A rc W eld in g Speeds P ro d u ctio n of T an k “G rousers” ... 11C C onveyor line setup used fo r assem bling, heat treating, finishing M ethods fo r L en g th en in g O p en -H earth R oof Service ... 114
E lim ination of corrosive flu xes fro m brick increases resistance to w ear Im proving Pow er D istribution in M edium -Sized P lants ... I l f Increased efficiency achieved b y use o f 4160-volt system s U sing th e F u n d am en tal Principles of A utom atic C ontrol ... 128;
D ata suggest m eans to facilitate reconversion to postw ar production
FEATURES
As th e E d ito r V iews the N ew s . . 69 W in g T ips ... . . 9C Present, P ast and P e n d i n g ... 75 M en of In d u stry ... . . 94W PB-O PA O rders ... 80 O bituaries ... . . 96
T ransition T opics ... 81 In d u strial E q u ip m e n t ... . . 136
W indow s of W ashington ... 82 T h e Business T ren d ... . . 175
M irrors of M otordom ... 87 C onstruction and E n terp rise . . . 198
--- MARKETS---
U n rated S teel N eeds Press H eavily on M ill C a p a c i t y ... i g ] M arket Prices an d Com posites ... j g2 Index to a d v e r tis e r s ...212
s ' ... -
; w mwi
w Ma
i S ü
____
N E X T W E E K . . .
T rial R un a t R epublic’s Sponge Iro n P lan t
Tooling W ays Afford A ccurate Sm all-Scale Positioning E v alu atin g Surface Finishes w ith a B eam of L ig h t M aking E q u ip m e n t fo r Sub-Z ero “H e a t” T reatin g
J
..T O MEET
Every p o w e r d rive n a p p lia n c e , m achine and device is designed to p e rfo rm a certain spe
c ific o r special function. M a n y function w e ll w ith s ta n d a rd ty p e motors. O thers need special p o w e rin g to m eet special re q u ire ments.
For those special requirem ents W ELCO T orque M otors a re the answer. They are custom -built not o n ly to p ro v id e p e a k p e r
form ance, b u t to conform to and p ro p e rly f it the machines th e y must p o w e r. T hat is w h y fo r th irty -fiv e years industry has been m aking a beaten path to The B. A . W esche
WRITE TO D A Y FOR COMPLETE D E T A I L S
E X C L U S I V E F E ATURE
The "U n i-fra m e " construction of W E L C O Torque M otors provides for an easy interchange of A . C.
and D . C. motors to fit the same housing or frame.
O n ly W E L C O has this v ita lly important feature.
O H I O
T H E B . A . W E S C H E E L E C T R I C C O .
Electric C om pany—specialist in special mo
tors. W ELCO Torque M otors a re b u ilt up to 75 H.P.
68 / T E E L
AS THE EDITOR VIEWS THE NEWS
June 18, 1945
A Valuable Report
The W ar Production Board has just issued an exhaustive rep o rt on the w artim e expansion of the iron, steel and related industries. P repared by W . A. H auck of the Steel Division of W PB, the report is significant for two reasons: F irst, it is the official record of the achievem ent of governm ent and industry in providing facilities to insure an adequate supply of ferrous m aterials for the “arsenal of dem ocracy.” Secondly, it provides the authoritative, basic data necessary for the form ulation of a sound national policy for disposing of governm ent-owned steel p lan t and equipm ent.
The report, which is digested in an article beginning on page 98 in this issue, shows th a t as a result of the expansion program , steel ingot capacity was increased by
15,323,522 tons annually and blast furnace capacity by 15,412,064 tons, and th a t im p o rtan t additional facilities were provided for mining, w ater transportation, casting, forging and other related operations.
T he cost of this expansion exceeded $2.5 billion. Expenditures for the steel in
dustry proper were $1,956,881,057, of which $1,030,918,853 was provided by indus
try and $925,962,204 by the government.
O utstanding in the program was the construction of six major steel plants, located a t Geneva, U tah; F ontana, Calif.; H ouston and Daingerfield, Texas; H om estead, Pa.;
and Chicago. Because of security and other reasons four of these six major projects w ere allocated to the South and W est. As a result, steel ingot capacity in the E astern, Pittsburgh, Cleveland and Chicago districts has dropped from 93.2 to 90.5 per cent of the total and th at of the Southern and W estern districts has clim bed from 6.8 to 9.5 p er cent.
As industrialists read this report they will arrive a t tw o notew orthy conclusions.
One is th at in spite of confusion, delay and disappointm ents, the job of providing steel facilities for w ar has been h andled exceedingly well. T hey w ill agree heartily w ith the third annual report of the T rum an com m ittee th a t “in terms of w ar production, the expansion program has been entirely successful. No vital w ar program has failed or has been retarded very seriously for lack of steel. . . . M uch credit for this achieve
m ent should go to the Steel Division of W PB for a fine job of adm inistration. This ac
com plishm ent was rendered possible because of co-operation by the industry.”
The other conclusion is th a t adjusting these w artim e-expanded facilities to the need of our peacetim e economy will be difficult an d th a t for those charged w ith this task the H auck report should serve as a welcome an d indispensable aid.
---
■ í-
the Clayton act as it was am ended by the Robinson- Patm an act. This act broadens the scope of the Clayton act and simplifies the task of the Federal T rade Commission in attacking basing point sys
tems.
I t is well to note th at the Suprem e C ourt’s deci
sions in the glucose cases were unanim ous— a point of some significance a t a tim e when 5-to-4 decisions of the court have been rath er frequent. Likewise these decisions appear to strengthen the h and of F T C considerably.
On the other hand, it would be a mistake to re-
(O V ER)
LIFT ANTITRUST FOG?
W a s h in g to n observers believe th a t eventually the status of basing point systems under the antitrust laws m ay be clarified, partly as a result of the decisions handed down by the Supreme C ourt in April in cases involv
ing two m anufacturers of glucose.
These decisions are significant in two respects.
First, they represent the highest court’s first inter
pretation of the in ten t and applicability of the anti
trust law in cases w here the use of a basing point system is claimed to constitute unlaw ful price dis
crim ination. Secondly, they are interpretations of
69
AS T HE E D I T O R V I E W S T HE N E W S
gard the glucose decisions as forecasting the out
come of other pending basing point cases. The Supreme C ourt, in one of its April decisions, indi
cated its belief th a t not all basing point systems necessarily are illegal p e r se. — p. 82
* a tt
TIMING IMPORTANT:
Two subsidiaries of U nited States Steel Corp. have announced plans for m odernizing and im proving production and finishing facilities in the Chicago, P ittsburgh and Bir
m ingham districts involving an expenditure of about
$27.5 million. Included in the program are provi
sions for increasing the o utput of cold-reduced tin plate.
This announcem ent is one of several noted d u r
ing the past few weeks having to do w ith rehabilita
tion and expansion or the construction of new plant and equipm ent for postw ar use. I t is known th at hundreds of producers and m anufacturers have plans for similar work in readiness. D oubtless, the num b e r of announcem ents of such plans will increase as the outlook for obtaining materials and m anpower brightens.
Perhaps the tim ing of these announcem ents . is m ore im portant than we realize. W ill it not be reassuring to workers affected by cutbacks and to servicemen released by the arm ed forces to know th a t industry is planning substantial im provem ents
for postw ar dem and? — p. 81
# « O
JOB SITUATION SPOTTY:
A su rv ey by editors of this publication of the effect of cutbacks in w ar contracts upon the labor situation in leading industrial centers indicates th a t thus far few workers have been forced out of employment.
W here contract cancellations or reductions have caused layoffs, m ost of the released employes have found jobs in other departm ents or plants. The disposition of m any displaced workers is to “shop around” before seeking new em ploym ent, to be in no great hurry to take a new job and to insist upon w age rates an d working conditions com parable to those prevailing in their last “good” w ar job.
In spite of an appreciable easing in m anpower, employers in m any sections of the country still are crying for more m en. In Los Angeles and San Francisco aircraft cutbacks have released m any workers b u t the dem and for m en for ship repair exceeds the supply. Foundries and steel mills in the E ast and M idw est need more men.
The m anpow er situation still is spotty. — p. 73
SIGNS OF THE TIMES:
Disposal of some w artim e surpluses will be difficult. I t is estim ated th at after V-J D ay there will be 500,000 heavy aircraft engines in storage (p. 90) and th at 5000 will be sufficient for all commercial airline needs for the following five or six years. . . . T he first two hand- built 1946 passenger car models— F ord and Nash—
differ from their prew ar counterparts of 1942 (p. 87) principally in front-end styling. The current m od
els, viewed from the front, have a m ore rug
ged appearance, w ith a decided accent on hori
zontal lines in grill and bum per. . . . An idea of the after-w ar job adjustm ent problem in the im portant Los Angeles area can be gained from the following (p. 78): W orking force in Los An
geles county in 1940 totaled 1,031,000 persons; in D ecem ber, 1943, at the peak of w artim e em ploy
m ent it touched 1,487,000; and today it has receded to 1,398,000. . . . Significant in the American Iron
& Steel Institute’s rep o rt on steel shipm ents to con
sum ing industries for the first quarter of 1945 (p. 76) is the sharp decline in the use of steel by shipyards.
First-quarter consum ption for m erchant and naval ship construction was 1,267,386 tons, or 8 p e r cent of total shipm ents, which is in sharp contrast to the 3,220,901 tons or 20 p er cent of total shipm ents re
ceived by the yards in the first quarter of 1944. . . . O utput of aircraft in M ay totaled 6354, against a schedule calling for 6345. M ay was tire th ird con
secutive m onth (p. 90) in which production exceeded quota. . . . As of Jan. 1, 1940, there were 13 steel companies having steel ingot capacities exceeding a million tons annually. As of Jan. 1, 1945— as a re
sult of wartim e expansion— only two of the 13 (p.
101) had increased the percentage of their capacity in relation to the total capacity of the nation. These two are R epublic Steel Corp. and C rucible Steel Co.
of America. . . . T hree bills now before the H ouse Com m ittee on Patents ip. 85) w ould require record
ing in the P aten t Office all agreem ents pertaining to patents, provide for expiration of a p a te n t not more than 20 years after date of application and provide for public registration of patents available for licens
ing. . . . W ar expenditures in the m onth following V-E D ay (p. 178) were up a billion dollars from the previous month.
E D IT O R -IN -C H IE F
70
Metallurgists and steel
makers review all orders that enter the Inland mill.
Steelmakers Confer With Metallurgists on every order...at Inland
W hen an In la n d m etallu rg ist is away fro m his office— an d th a t m ay be a large p a r t of each day— h e can he located in th e m ill. H e m ay he in a s u p e rin te n d e n t’s office talk in g p ro c
esses, h e m ay be at an open h e a rth fu rn a c e follow ing th ro u g h a h eat, o r h e m ay be at a m ill la b o ra to ry getting a record of physical tests.
Bars • Flo o r P la t e • Piling • P la t e s • R a i l s • R e i n f o r c i n g B a r s
S a le s O f f ic e s : Cincinnati • Detroit M il w a u k e e • N e w
T his close c o o p e r a tio n b e tw e e n steelm akers an d m etallu rg ists is an im p o rta n t facto r in p ro d u cin g q u al
ity steel, in im proving processing m ethods, and in m eeting th e exact r e q u ir e m e n ts o f e a c h I n la n d c u s tom er. In la n d Steel C om pany, 38 S.
D earb o rn St., Chicago 3, 111.
• S h e e t s • Strip • S t r u c t u r a l • Tin P l a t e • T r a c k A c c e s s o r i e s
• In d ian ap olis • K a n s a s City Y o rk • St. Louis * St. Paul
RY E R S O S T E E L
Think Ryerson...
in critical steel situations
O n c e a b a ttle w a s lo s t fo r la c k o f a h o rs e s h o e n a il—y o u k n o w th e re s t. A t a c ritic a l in s ta n t, a b it o f i r o n w a s n o t a v a ila b le . I n th e e n d , so th e s to r y g o e s , a n a tio n w a s lo st.
F o r m o re th a n 100 y e a rs , R y e r s o n Steel- S erv ice h a s b e e n c o m in g th r o u g h in c ritic a l s itu a tio n s . O u r b u sin e ss is ste e l in s to c k — 11 w e ll lo c a te d p la n ts w ith th o u s a n d s o f k in d s , s h a p e s a n d sizes o f ste e l o n h a n d fo r p r o m p t d e liv e r y —w ith fa c ilitie s fo r c u ttin g a n d o th e r w ise p r e p a r i n g th e ste e l th e w a y th e b u y e r w a n ts it.
F ro m th e v e ry b e g in n in g o u r la r g e a n d com -
p le te s to c k s h a v e b e e n a n im p o r ta n t fa c to r in th e w a r effo rt. B a rs , p la te s , s tru c tu ra ls fro m o u r p la n ts c o n s ta n tly sp e e d to w a r fa c to rie s a n d c ritic a l in d u s tr ie s . C o n s e q u e n tly , o u r sto c k s a r e n o t a lw a y s b a la n c e d fro m a size s ta n d p o in t.
B u t w h e n s h o r ta g e s d o occu r, R y e r s o n te c h n ic a l m e n a re o fte n a b le to s u g g e s t a n a lte r n a tiv e th a t w ill d o th e jo b . O u r w h o le o r g a n iz a tio n ta k e s to u g h s itu a tio n s in s trid e . L et u s p u t R y e r s o n s to c k s a n d s k ill to w o r k f o r y o u n e x t tim e y o u n e e d s te e l. O u r ste e l s to c k s a r e th e n a t i o n ’s la rg e s t, o u r p e r s o n n e l e x p e rie n c e d , a n d w e d o o u r b e s t— n o w m o re th a n e v er.
J O S E P H T. R Y E R S O N & S O N , I N C ., S t e e l - S e r v l c e P l a n t s : C h i c a g o , M i l w a u k e e , Detroit, St. L o u i s , C i n c i n n a t i , C l e v e l a n d , P i t t s b u r g h , P h i l a d e l p h i a , B u f f a l o , N e w Y o r k , B o s t o n .
I T E E Ł
E M P L O Y M E N T
Cutbacks Disemploy Few Workers
Men released as w a r con
tracts a re canceled or re
duced quickly absorbed by other departments or other companies. Foundries and steel mills still looking for workers. Applications for unemployment compensation increase only slightly. G r a d ual rise in unemployment dur
ing second h a lf anticip ate d
CUTBACKS in w ar contracts to date have not resulted in any considerable un
em ploym ent an d th e lab o r supply in le a d ing m an u factu rin g districts continues fa ir
ly tight. W h ere w orkers h av e been dis
placed as resu lt of co n tract cancellations or reductions th ey generally h ave been absorbed b y o th er d epartm ents, or by other w ar p lan ts o r essential em ployers in th e sam e area. In som e cases w ork
weeks h ave b een red u ced , thus sp read ing em ploym ent.
T hese facts w ere revealed in a survey of industrial centers last w eek by St e e l's
editors.
M anpow er officials a n d em ployers, how ever, expect th a t unem ploym ent as a result of cutbacks w ill increase gradually after July 1 a n d th a t several m illions m ay be out of jobs b y th e end of th e year.
L arge em ploym ent centers likely to be most seriously affected b y reductions in the m unitions program ap p e a r to b e D e troit, Los A ngeles an d San Francisco. In the latter tw o centers, aircraft layoffs already have displaced som e w orkers, al
though dem ands fo r w orkers in ship re
pair yards still are g reater th an th e supply.
In M idw estern a n d E astern centers, foundries a n d steel m ills still are ex
p eriencing difficulty in m anning plants.
W orkers displaced b y cutbacks g en erally are “selective” a b o u t accep tin g em ploym ent in o th er p lan ts, an d often spurn preferred jobs if p a y rates, w orking con
ditions a n d job ratings are n o t a t least on par w ith those o f th e jobs w hich th ey formerly held. M any, w ith th e ir pockets lined w ith high - w ar w ages, are not anxious to find em ploym ent im m ediately.
Some increase in applications fo r u n em ploym ent com pensation is n oted, al
though this is n o t y e t large.
Sum m aries of th e situation in th e vari
ous districts, as rep o rted b y St e e l’s
editors, follows:
C LEV ELA N D — D u e to w ide diversifica
tion o f ind u stry in this district, o rd er
M any o f these veterans, returning fro m th e E uropean w ar theater, soon w ill he a dded to th e civilian labor force. N E A photo
cutbacks have h a d no appreciable effect on em ploym ent. Since V -E day, only 65 establishm ents h ave received cutback notices, reducing b etw een 80 an d 90 w ar contracts.
W h ile these cutbacks h ave red u ced th e average n u m b e r of hours w orked p e r w eek, th ey h av e resu lted in layoffs in 2 2 p lan ts of only 1600 em ployes, o f w hich 60 p e r ce n t are m en. All w orkers w ere absorbed in o th e r w ar o r essential work.
Since m any em ployers in this district are subcontractors, th ey generally are m aking item s sim ilar to th e ir peacetim e products. F o r th a t reason reconversion problem s are relatively slight an d they can sh ift quickly to civilian goods p ro duction w henever th ey receive cutbacks in m ilitary orders.
C leveland is still classified by th e W ar M anpow er Com m ission in group 1 (areas of cu rre n t acute lab o r shortage). T h e d istrict W M C office has over 20,000 u n filled o rders fo r lab o r of all types, one of th e largest num bers reco rd ed in re
cen t years. O f this to tal, b etw een 4000 an d 5000 co n stitu te to p p rio rity o p en ings. D em an d for w orkers is p a rtic u la r
ly strong in steel foundries a n d o th e r establishm ents req u irin g skilled w orkers.
C H IC A G O — D espite substantial and continuing cutbacks a n d cancellations of w ar contracts, this area rem ains in the N o. 1 or critical m anpow er classification.
L a te s t av ailab le .inform ation is th a t w ar an d essential industry needs 58,000 ad d itio n al workers.
Som e 400 prio rity p lants are seeking 15,000 m en an d 5000 w om en; aircraft p lants alone h ave places fo r 2800 m en a n d 1450 w om en. In addition, ra il
roads are looking fo r m ore th an 6000 w orkers to assist in h an d lin g m o u nting traffic as the w ar m oves to the Pacific.
P rincipal cutbacks a n d cancellations h av e cen te red in heavy artillery am m u n i
tion, tanks, guns a n d m ounts, ships, a ir
p lane engines, an d landing m ats.
C om panies affected in clu d e P ullm an- S tan d ard C ar M fg. Co., Pressed Steel
i June 18, 1945 73
E M P L O Y M E N T
Soon to b e sh u t d o w n is th e m a m m o th W illo w R u n b o m b er plant operated b y Ford. S h ow n here are th e tw in assem bly lines, w ith th e B -24s in th e foreground being tu rn ed tow ard th e gasoline and service areas. Its closing w ill release m a n y thousands of workers, b o th at W illo w R un
a nd in suppliers’ plants. N E A photo
C ar Co., C hicago Bridge & Iron Co., B uick A viation D ivision of G eneral M o
tors C orp., an d S tndebaker Corp.
Several thousand w orkers laid off a t these a n d o th er plants h av e in a large m easure been absorbed in o th er plants b u t th e m anpow er supply still show s a heavy deficit. A n u m b er of w orkers, principally w om en, have not sought re
em ploym ent. O thers u n ab le to find w ork m atching th eir p articu lar skills re m ain idle a n d some even collect u n em p loym ent insurance, benefits.
M eanw hile, som e m anufacturers are in process of reconverting for resum ption of civilian goods. M akers of electric w ashing m achines a n d ironing m achines are b ein g given th e green light a n d by virtue of priority assistance w ill b e u n d e r pro d u ctio n in a lim ited w ay shortly.
P ullm an-S tandard C ar M fg. Co. has b e e n au th o rized by W PB to u n d ertak e reconversion of its p la n t h ere fo r th ird q u a rte r b u ilding of railw ay passenger cars. F arm im p lem en t m akers are in
creasing o u tp u t of a g ricu ltu ral m ach in ery as th eir w ar contracts decline.
O n th e o th er h an d , th e outlook is n o t b rig h t fo r m anufacturers w ho can n o t g et p riority assistance for m aterials n eed ed fo r civilian goods. U nless steel
m akers receive cancellations of tonnage fa r in excess of those now com ing in, th ere is little p ro sp e c t for civilian steel b efore fo u rth q u a rte r or next year.
Sheets, a p ro d u c t m ore universally u sed th an an y o th er in civilian item s, w ill n o t be available fo r m onths to com e, on th e basis of p re s e n t rolling schedules.
P IT T S B U R G H — Shell, gun a n d ship contracts in this area h av e b e e n c u t b ack substantially, b u t in m an y cases additional contracts h av e rep laced th e can celed ton
nage, w ith th e n e t resu lt th a t no excess
of lab o r has b een developed.
L arg est concentration of labor in the area directly traceable to th e w ar has b een a t th e tw o Ohio R iver shipyards, one o p erated b y A m erican B ridge Co., the o th er b y D ravo .Corp. T h ese w ere p ro ducers of L S T ’s, contracts on w hich have been com pleted. A m erican B ridge y ard is now pro d u cin g som e ARV an d YF ships for th e N avy, on a greatly, reduced schedule, a n d th e D ravo yards are tu rn ing o u t som e river b arges an d doing re p air w ork on o th er river craft. T otal em ploym ent a t the tw o yards d u rin g the p eak period w as a b o u t 25,000, w hile currently som e 7000 w orkers are on the job.
T his a p p a re n t fu n d of 18,000 w orkers has b een reab so rb ed w ith hardly a rip p le n o ticeab le on th e w orker pool here. Ac
cording to cu rren t figures released by P at F ag an , area director of th e W ar M an
p ow er Comm ission, som e 6000 additional w orkers are now needed, a b o u t 75 per c e n t of w hom are n eed ed in th e basic steel industry. Some are expected to com e from cutbacks in shell program s w hich are just b eginning to m ake them selves felt. A t least a dozen com panies here have b een notified of reductions in th e ir, p roduction schedules o r outright cancellations, m ostly on th e heav ier shell a n d g u n program s.
Since th ere are no com panies here o p eratin g entirely on such program s, the w orkers released- b y th ese cutbacks in m ost cases are sh ifted to other, p ro d u ctio n jobs in th e sam e p lan t. M ost of th e shell lines, for exam ple, are o p erated by steel p ro d u cin g com panies, w hich are sorely pressed for w orkers in th e open h e a rth a n d b last furn ace d epartm ents, as w ell as on alm ost all finishing equipm ent.
C ancellations in th e P ittsb u rg h district since V -E D ay h ave now passed th e
S200 million m ark, b u t a large p a rt of th a t figure represents fu tu re contracts w hich h ad b e e n placed b u t w ere not u n d er w ay a t th e tim e of cancellation.
P H IL A D E L P H IA — A lthough cutbacks to d a te have h ad relatively little effect, the m anpow er situation in this area, com prising P h ilad elp h ia county a n d th e four ad jac en t counties, is easing. O nly re
cently th e d istrict has b een ta k e n out of lab o r group 1 an d placed in group 2, a n d w hereas a couple of m onths ago approxim ately 9000 w orkers w ere needed in th e m ore essential industries, approxi
m ately 5000 are now req u ired .
O ne large electrical m an u factu rer will lay off 3500 as a re su lt-o f cancellations a n d cutbacks in w a r w ork, b u t w ill lay these em ployes off gradually over a p erio d of several' m onths. F ran k fo rd A rsenal is scheduled to lay off 800 w ithin th e next 30 days o r so, although in this case m any of th e em ployes w ill b e worked into o th er civil service jobs. T h ere have been o th er recen t adjustm ents, som e of th em in terd ep artm en tal changes, w hich have resu lted in relatively few being throw n u p o n th e lab o r m arket. As tire to tal em ploym ent in th e w ar industries is approxim ately 1,025,000, the effects of these readjustm ents are relatively small, b u t th e y do co n trib u te to a less tense situation.
D em an d for highly skilled workers still is u rg en t. M ore w orkers of various degrees, of skill are n e e d e d a t th e local N avy yard, w here only recently prisoners o f w ar have b e e n called u p o n for certain of th e m ore o rdinary tasks. Steel plant requirem ents are less pressing b u t this is offset b y m ore u rg e n t req u irem en ts from foundries.
N E W YORK— M anpow er officials esti
m ate S000 jobs are open w ith companies h a v in g to p p riority ratin g . N ew York
/ T E E l
E M P L O Y M E N T
Navy yard alone has openings for 4500.
The g eneral tre n d is expected to con
tinue d ow nw ard, how ever.
F o u n d ry lab o r is still in pressing d e mand, w ith operators having difficulty in even m ain tain in g existing forces.
M anpower controls are scheduled here to continue for som e tim e, n o tw ith stan d ing the re c e n t announcem ent in W ashing
ton th a t th ey m ig h t b e lifted in some districts a n d th a t th e N ew York m etro politan area is w ell dow n th e list in point of critical rating, b ein g in group 4.
In the N ew York city m etropolitan area th ere has b e e n an increase in the number of cutbacks on w ar contracts from 35 in M arch to 133 in M ay, alth o u g h the number of com panies reporting layoffs as a resu lt rem ain ed a b o u t th e sam e, 21 in M arch an d 20 in M ay. R ather than resorting to layoffs, m any em ployers are reducing w orking hours.
N evertheless, as of M ay 25, th ere w ere 25,000 unem ploym ent insurance claim ants in th e m etropolitan area, an in
crease o f 9000 over th e first week in March, ascribed in p a rt to seasonal lay
offs in th e n eed le trades.
D ET R O IT — A ccurate appraisal of the ef
fect of cutbacks an d co n tract cancella
tions in th e D e tro it region is difficult.
For one thing, th e local office of th e WPB has n o t even k e p t a cum ulative re c ord of to tal c o n tract changes of this sort,
b u t a t St e e l’s le q u e s t m ade a com pilation w hich show ed a total of a p proximately $950 m illion in cutbacks and cancellations m ade in prim e contracts in the region thus far. T he figure is ad
mittedly n o t too accu rate, an d revisions are com ing in alm ost hourly, tw o of th e latest b ein g a cutback in th e C adillac M-24 tan k program , an d a cancellation
°f a S tudebaker 2% -ton tru ck contract amounting to $100 m illion, effective July 31. T he la tte r of course is n o t included m the D e tro it region figures.
As to displaced w orkers, th e b e st esti
mate obtain ab le from th e W PB is th at readjustm ents th u s fa r h ave affected 80,r
000 em ployes, 65,000 in M ay alone.
O n a percen tag e basis, the figure g en erally m entioned is 2 0 p e r cent, th a t is, 2 0 p e r cen t of the contracts in force, by d o llar volum e, have b e e n c u t back or canceled. T his is believed som ew hat h ig h er th an in o th er regions, lending credence to reports fu rth e r cu tb ack s ex
pected a fte r July 1 m ay not be as heavy
in this area as in the p ast m onth.
C um ulative w ar contracts p laced w ith prim e contractors since P earl H arb o r in the D etro it region total in excess of $24 billion, b u t of course m u ch of this a l
read y has b een shipped, h ow m uch th e W PB is n o t able to say. H ow ever, as of Jan. 1, m ost of th e larg er contractors h a d backlogs of w ar contracts sufficient for a b o u t 18 m onths of operations a t th e level c u rre n t then.
U nem ploym ent com pensation claim s b ein g filed in D etro it n u m b er ab o u t 3700 w eeky, w ith th e total filed now in ex
cess of 2 0,0 0 0.
LOS A N G E L E S — A lthough thousands h ave b e e n laid off in this district’s air
craft plants, 5000 w orkers still arc n e e d ed in ship re p a ir w ork an d ab o u t 750 m ore in tru ck tire plants. Subcon
tractors in m an y lines, n o tab ly in p u m p m anufacturing, are seeking skilled m en.
M any disem ployed w orkers are refusing to take jobs in th e shipyards or tire p lants b ecause of trav el tim e req u ire d an d b ecau se tire w ork often is heavy.
R ecen t b o rd e r checks indicate m ore p eo p le are leaving C alifornia th a n are entering. H ow ever, housing shortages continue acu te, in d icatin g th e exodus has n o t b e e n extensive.
B O STO N — A lthough n um erous rnuni- ( Please turn to Page 197)
Present, Past and Pending
H PRIORITIES GRANTED FOR RECONVERSION NEEDS
Wa s h i n g t o n— F rom A pril 1 through June 8, preference ratin g s w ere authorized on 553 applications fo r bottleneck item s of eq u ip m en t a n d construction fo r prelim inary reconversion, W PB rep o rted last w eek. A utom otive in d u stry alone filed 161 a p p li
cations.
■ TENNESSEE COAL, IRON WORKERS END STRIKE
Bi r m i n g h a m, Al a.— W orkers in th e E nsley an d F airfield b last fu rn ace departm ents, T ennessee Coal, Iron & R ailroad Co., th is city, rep o rted b ack to w ork last W ed n esd ay follow ing a strike w hich resulted in an estim ated loss of 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 tons of steel a n d 85,000 tons of iron.
■ SPOT AUTHORIZATION PLAN TO END JULY 1
Wa s h i n g t o n— W PB field offices w ill n o t assign p referen ce ratings or m ake allot
m ents of controlled m aterials u n d e r priorities regulation 25 bey o n d Ju ly 1.
■ UNRATED ALUMINUM PRODUCT ORDERS MAY BE FILLED
Wa s h i n g t o n— C ontrolled M aterials P lan has b een partially “o p en -en d ed ” to p erm it alum inum producers to fill im m ediately u n ra te d orders fo r alum inum p roducts, ex
c e p t alum inum extrusions, on condition th a t such action does n o t in terfere w ith th e filing of authorized controlled m aterial orders or orders th ey h ave b een specifically d irected to fill.
■ FREIGHT CAR INDUSTRIES GET H IG H MANPOWER RATING
Wa s h i n g t o n— W PB has placed th e entire freig h t car, railroad brake shoe and chilled railroad car w heel m an u factu rin g industries an d certain m alleable iron and steel foundries m an u factu rin g com ponents fo r locom otives an d fre ig h t cars on th e N ational Production U rgency List. F reig h t car shortage reach ed a high of 19,397 m m id-M arch an d is now estim ated a t slightly m ore th a n 10,000.
■ BETHLEHEM AWARDS MESTA CONTRACT FOR COLD MILL
Pi t t s b u r g h—M esta M achine Co., th is city, has received a several m illion dollar order fo r a 56-inch four-high tan d em cold mill, p a rt of $15 m illion expansion program for cold rolling sheets a t th e Sparrow s Point, M d., p la n t o f th e B ethlehem Steel Co., B ethlehem , Pa. T h e new m ill is expected to b e in operation b y th e end of 1945.
i June 18. 1945 75
S T A T I S T I C S
Steel Consumption Picture Changing
W a r use s till d o m in a n t b u t tre n d is d o w n w a rd . First q u a r
te r 1945 s h ip b u ild in g to n n a g e less th a n h a lf th a t o f y e a r a g o
C H A N G IN G com plexion of w artim e steel consum ption is reflected in th e first q u a rte r 1945 statistical re p o rt just issued by th e A m erican Iro n & S teel In stitu te.
W hile use of steel in d irect-w ar an d w ar- related lines continues to dom inate th e consum ption pictu re, still th e beginning of a tre n d to h eav ie r use in norm al avenues of d em an d an d a slackening in some w a r req u irem en ts is in d icated by the first q u a rte r data.
T h e p eriod, fo r instance, b ro u g h t a sh arp decline in shipm ents o f finished steel p ro d u cts to th e shipbuilding in
dustry. This is significant in view of th e fact shipbuilding has b e e n th e larg est single o u tlet fo r steel since 1941.
T o tal shipm ents of 15,414,051 tons, first q u a rte r of 1945, w ere below th e to tal 16,319,000 tons sh ip p ed in first q u a rte r of 1944. C om parative figures are given in th e accom panying table.
D u rin g first q u arter, m erch an t an d naval ship construction received 1,267,- 386 tons of steel, only 8 p e r ce n t of th e total o f 15,414,051 to n s sh ip p ed to all consum ing industries du rin g th e period.
In th e corresponding m onths o f 1944 ship
yards took 3,220,901 tons of steel, nearly 2 0 p e r cen t of th e total tonnage o f steel p roducts delivered in th a t period.
Jobbers, dealers an d distributors re
ceived 2,210,233 tons in th e first q u arter of 1945, a n increase of a b o u t 361,500 tons from th e 1,848,732 tons th ey ob
tain ed in th e corresponding p a rt of 1944.
T he “M iscellaneous In d u stries and E x p o rt” classification received 3,673,434 tons ag ain st 3,032,040 tons in first q u arter of 1944.
F irst q u a rte r shipm ents to th e con
struction, container, m achinery and stam ping industries show ed increases over th e first q u a rte r of 1944. Shipm ents to railroads, th e oil, gas an d m ining in dustries, ag ricu ltu ral im p lem en t m akers an d th e autom otive an d aircraft ind u stry w ere dow n slightly, as com pared to first q u a rte r of 1944.
N o n in te g ra te d Producers Protest Price Policy
R epresentatives of n o n in teg rated steel producers a p p e a re d T h u rsd ay b efore th e H ouse B anking an d C urrency C om m ittee p ro testin g O PA prices allow ed on steel products.
R. W . W olcott, president, L ukens Steel Co., lead in g th e presen tatio n said, “T h e
practice of adjusting price control on th e basis of p a st situations is in ad eq u a te to insure them ( no n in teg rated p ro d u c e rs) a fair retu rn on operations, an d will not suffice to m aintain th em in a sound posi
tion. W e urge upon this com m ittee th e fa c t th a t a revision of policies is neces
sary now and th a t th e task is on e for th e Congress.”
O thers w ho su b m itted briefs include:
D. V. Saw hill, p resid en t, M ercer T u b e
& M fg. Co.; John F. B udke, president, P arkersburg Iron & Steel Co.; Lauson Stone, president, Follansbee Steel Corp.;
H . W . Boal, vice p resid en t an d treasurer,
A ndrew s Steel Co.; D avid T hom as, pres
ident, Phoenix Iron Co.; R. K. Clifford, vice p resid en t an d general m anager, Con
tin en tal Steel Corp.
Sheet S carcity To H am per Enameled W a re O u tp u t Rise
C ontinuing difficulty of obtaining light-gage steel sheets w ill p rev en t ap
p reciab le increases in enam eled ware p ro d u ctio n fo r som e tim e d esp ite recent revocation of th e enam eled w are or
der, L -30-b.
STEEL SHIPMENTS TO CONSUMING INDUSTRIES (Net Tons)
F irst F irst F o u rth Q u a rte r Q u arter Q uarter
1945 1944 1944
N et T o tal N et T otal N et Total 1. S teel C onverting a n d Processing In dustries
(a) W ire draw ers an d w ire p ro d u c t m frs 156,295 163,238 154,198 (b) Bolt, n u t, an d riv et m a n u fa c tu re rs 277,719 297,716 279,606 (c) F o rg in g m anufacturers
(1) A utom otive an d A ircraft 150,293 166,120 138,145
(2) All o th er 402,699 427,447 376,142
(d) All o th er steel p lan ts a n d f o u n d r i e s 500,480 386,876 363,05J
T otal 1,487,486 1,441,397 1,311,145
2. Jobbers, D ealers and D istributors
(a) Oil a n d n atu ral gas industry 162,211 114,437 173,544 (b) A ll o th er ... 2,048,022 1,734,295 2,038,867
T otal 2,210,233 1,848,732 2,212,411
3. Construction, In d u stry
(a) P ublic (M unicipal, S tate, N a tio n a l) 33,094 16,710 22,543 (b) H ighw ays ... 52,522 35,342 54,989 (c) R ailw ays ... 12,682 17,391 20,646
(d) A utom otive a n d A ircraft 21,553 37,805 22,340
(ej U tilities ... 47,368 49,932 59,353 (f) Bldg. trim , accessories an d b u ild ers’ h d w e. 126,263 98,883 128,803
(g) A ll o th er 822,025 791,600 819,262
T o tal ... 1,115,507 1,047,663 1,027,936 4. Shipbuilding In d u stry ... 1,267,386 3,220,901 2,019,962 5. Pressing, F o rm in g a n d S tam ping In d u stry
(a) M etal fu rn itu re an d office eq u ip m en t . . . . 40,901 30,100 54,383 (b) H ard w are an d household eq u ip m en t . . . . 129,397 80,343 104,453
(c) A utom otive 332,846 339,679 327,396
(d) All o th er 298,938 271,315 267,036
T o tal 802,082 721,437 753,268
6. C o n tain er In d u stry
(a) Oil a n d n a tu ra l gas industry 118,897 129,558 108,300 (b) All o th er ... 959,191 764,602 812,139
T otal 1,078,088 894,160 920,439
7. A gricultural, In ch Im p l. & E q u ip . M frs 243,068 279,561 278,989 S. M achinery a n d Tools
(a) M achinery an d tools, n o t inch elect, equip. 418,716 412,905 410,428 (b) E lectrical m achinery a n d eq u ip m en t . . . . 199,231 184,595 206,830 T otal ... 617,947 ' 597,500 617,258 9. A utom otive an d A ircraft In d u stry ... 502,368 582,054 488,075 10. R ailroad In d u stry
(a) All railroads ... 904,460 1,013,039 904,612 (b) C ar an d loco, builders a n d p a rts m f rs .. . . 289,363 469,163 295,831
T otal 1,193,823 1,482,202 1,200,443
11. O il, N atu ral Gas a n d M ining In d u stry
(a) O il a n d Tiatural gas, inch p ip e l i n e s 288,954 338,263 288,715 (b) M ining, q u arrv in g a n d lum bering 57,531 53,074 51,658 T o tal ... 346,485 391,337 340,373 12. Unclassified ... 876,144 ...
13. M iscellaneous In d u stries an d E xp o rt ... 3,673,484 3,032,040 3,401,061 14. T otal (Item s 1 to 13) 15,414,051 16,319,000 14,671,360 D u rin g 1944, th e com panies in c lu d e d above rep resen ted 9 9 % of th e to tal out
p u t of finished rolled steel pro d u cts as re p o rte d to A m erican Iron an d S teel Institute.
S T A T I S T I C S
Steel O utput in M ay Under That O f Last Year
A v e ra g e w e e k ly p ro d u c tio n in m onth also s lig h tly less th a n in A p r il. T o ta l fo r y e a r to d a te is s m a lle r
S T E E L ingots a n d steel for castings produced in M ay to taled 7,477,387 n e t tons according to A m erican Iro n & S teel Institute. This is a decline of a b o u t 3 per ce n t from 7,702,576 tons m ade in May, 1944 b u t a gain of 185,461 tons over th e 7,291,926 tons p ro d u ced in April.
A verage w eekly p roduction in M ay was 1,687,898 tons, com pared w ith 1,699,750 tons p e r w eek in A pril an d 1,738,730 tons per w eek in M ay, 1944. P ercen tag e of capacity o p erated in M ay w as 92.2, against 92.8 in A pril, an d 97.1 in M ay, last year.
Breakdow n of pro d u ctio n into various grades a n d com parisons w ith prior m onths are show n in th e accom panying tab u la
tion. F igures fo r A pril h ave b een revised and M ay totals are prelim inary.
Production in th e first five m onths of this year to taled 36,338,090 tons, a slight decline com pared w ith 37,909,133 tons produced in th e corresponding period of 1944.
Finished Steel Shipments Decline Shown fo r A p ril
Shipm ents of finished steel in April totaled 5,769,786 n e t tons, com pared w ith 6,179,452 tons in M arch, the A m er
ican Iron an d Steel In stitu te reports. Of this to tal 515,722 tons w ere shipped to other m em bers of the industry for con
version into fu rth e r finished products. In M arch such to n n ag e w as 547,297 tons.
H ot-ro lled sheet p roduction w as 1,- 123,358 tons in A pril, against 1,228,276 tons in M arch; hot-rolled bars, 1,099,110 tons in A pril, 1,147,530 tons in M arch;
plates, 675,599 tons in A pril, 812,553 tons in M arch.
Steel C orp. Shipm ents in M a y a t Low er D a ily Rate
Shipm ents of finished steel by th e U nited States S teel C orp. in M ay to taled 1,797,987 n e t tons, an increase of 75,142 tons over A pril shipm ents o f 1,722,845 tons.
T he increase w as d u e entirely to th e greater n u m b er of w orking days in M ay.
On a daily average basis M ay dropped 2321 tons from A pril. F o r 27 w orking
days in M ay shipm ents averaged 66,592 tons p e r day, against 68,913 tons p e r day fo r 25 w orking d ays in A pril.
F o r five m onths e n d ed M ay 31 deliver
ies to taled 8,522,077 tons, com pared w ith 8,895,085 tons in th e com parable p erio d in 1944.
(Inter-com pany shipm ents not Included) N et Tons
1945 1944 1943 1942
Ja n . 1,569,115 1,730,787 1,658,992 1,738,893 Feb. 1,562,488 1,755,772 1,691,592 1,616,587 M ar. 1,869,642 1,874,795 1,772,397 1,780,938 Apr. 1,722,845 1,756,797 1,630,828 1,758,894 M ay 1,797,987 1,776,934 1,706,543 1,834,127 Ju n e ... 1,737,769 1,552,663 1,774,068 July ... 1,754,525 1,660,762 1,765,749 Aug.. 1,743,485 1,704,289 1,788,650 S ept.. 1,733,602 1,664,577 1,703,570 Oct... 1,774,969 1,794,968 1,787,501 N ov.. 1,743,753 1,660,594 1,665,545 Dec... 1,767,600 1,719,624 1,849,635 T otal ... 21,150,788 20,244,830 21,064,157 A d ju st
m ent ... »97,214 «449,020 T o tal ... 20,147,616 20,615,137
•D ecrease.
M ilita r y Dem and fo r Brass S trip , Rod Drops S h a rp ly
N ew deep m ilitary cutbacks in brass m ill requirem ents w ill m ake a substantial am o u n t of controlled m aterials available fo r civilian needs in th ird q u arter, W ar P roduction B oard officials report.
Coke W o rk e rs ' S trike Slows Pittsburgh O u tp u t
A dvent of w arm w e a th e r last w eek caused a m ajor strike and th e loss of sev
eral th ousand tons of iron a n d steel p ro ductio n in th e P ittsb u rg h district.
T ro u b le started in th e b y -p ro d u ct coke w orks of C arnegie-U linois S teel Corp. at C lairton, Pa.
Coke w orkers h av e a clause in their co n tract providing fo r “spell crew s” in h o t w eath er. B ecause of th e cool w e a th e r prevailing this spring such crew s w ere n o t p rovided an d last w eek’s h ot, h u m id w eath er b ro u g h t o u t a de
m and fo r them . W hen th e crew s Were not p u t on im m ediately, th e m en struck.
Suspension of coke an d gas p ro d u c
tion forced the suspension of 36 open h earth s an d several bessem ers. A bout tw o dozen blast furnaces w e re p u t on slow blast. F ive rolling m ills w ere shut dow n a t C lairton, fo u r a t H om estead, fo u r a t E d g a r T hom son, th re e a t D u q u esn e, one a t Irv in W orks, a n d one a t the M cK eesport w orks of N ational T u b e Co.
M aj. E . H . G allup, A rm y O rdnance, a n d C harles R. W ard , fed eral concilia
tor, intervened in the dispute, b u t h ad m ade no a p p a re n t progress to w ard a set
tlem en t by late last w eek.
STEEL INGOT PRODUCTION STATISTICS
C alculated
--E stim ated P roduction—All C om panies w eekly Num -
—Open H earth — — Bessemer— E lectric Total--- produc- ber P e r cent P e r cent P e r cent P e r cent tlon, all o l
N et o£ N et o t N et o l N et of com panies weeks
tons capac. tons capac tons capac. tons capac. N et tons in mo.
B ased on rep o rts by com panies which In 1944 m ade 97.9% o f th e open h e a rth , 100% of bessem er an d 80.7% of th e electric Ingot an d steel fo r castin g s production
the Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
6,468,815 5,967,842 6,927,377
90.5 92.4 96.9
379,062 347,227 398,351
76.0 77.1 79.8
358,346 339,520 382,237
77.3 81.1 82.4
7,206,223 6,654,589 7,707,965
88.8 90.8 95.0
1,626,687 1,663,647 1,739,947
4.43 4.00 4.43 1st q tr. 19,364,034 93.3 1,124.640 77.6 1,080,103 80.2 21,568,777 91.6 1,677,199 12.86 Apr.
M ay 6,541,097 6,682,597 94.4
93.4 372,952 402,081 77.2
80.6 377,877 392,709 81.4
84.7 7,291,926 7,477.387 92.8
92.2 1,699,750 1,687,898 4.29
4,43 1944
Ja n . Feb.
M ar.
6,770,423 6,410,914 6,977,466
97.2 98.5 100.1
439,551 409,781 455,368
85.4 85.2 88.5
382,629 373,314 393,423
84.4 88.1 86.8
7,592,603 7,194,009 7,826,257
95.7 97.0 98.6
1,713,906 1,737,683 1,760,649
4.43 4,14 4.43 1st q tr. 20,158,803 98.6 1,304,700 86.4 1,149,366 86.4 22,612,869 97.1 1,739,451 13.00 Apr.
May Ju n e
6,789,422 6,879,253 6,463,049
100.6 98.7 95.8
437,472 437.444 419,699
87.8 85.0 84.2
366,794 385.879 351,509
83.5 85.1 80.1
7,593,688 7,702,576 7,234,257
98.8 97.194.1
1,770,090 1,738,730 1,686,307
4.29 4.43 4.29 2nd q tr. 20,131,724 98.4 1,294,615 85.6 1,104,182 82.9 22,530,521 96.7 1,731,785 13.01 1 st hlf. 40,290^527 98.5 2,599,315 86.0 2,253,548 84.7 45,143,390 96.9 1,735,617 26.01 July
Aug.
Sept.
6,743,812 6,715,835 6,501,944
96.6 95.9 96.1
415,543 429,672 398,058
80.9 83.5 80.1
339,032 353,406 335,109
74.6 77.6 76.2
7,498,387 7,498,913 7,235,111
94.3 94.1 94.0
1,696,468 1,692,757 1,690,446
4.42 4.43 4.28 3rd q tr. 19,961,591 96.2 1,243,273 81.5 1,027,547 76.2 22,232,411 94.1 1,693,253 13.13 9 mos. 60,252,118 97.7 3,842,588 84.5 3,281,095 81.8 67,375,801 96.0 1,721,405 39.14 Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
6,860,921 6,572,454 6,678,460
98.0 97.0 95.6
420,105 403,908 373,322
81.6 81.0 72.7
339,859 302,357 314,388
74.7 68.6 69.2
7,620,885 7,278,719 7,366,170
95.6 94.3 92.6
1,720,290 1,696,671 1,666,554
4.43 4.29 4.42 4th q tr. 20,111,835 96.9 1,197,335 78.4 956,604 70.8 22,265,774 94.2 1,694,503 13.14 2nd hlf. 40,073,426 96.5 2,440,608 80.0 1.984,151 73.5 44,498,185 94.2 1,693,878 26.27 T otal 80,363,953 97.5 5,039,923 83.0 4,237,699 79.0 89,641,575 95.5 1,714,644 52.28 The percentages of cap ac ity for 1944 are calculated on weekly capacities o f 1,572,755 net tons open h earth , 116,182 n et tons bessem er and 102,350 n et tons electric ingots and steel for castings, to ta l 1,791,287 n e t to n s; based on annual capacities a s of Ja n . 1, 1944 a s follows;
Open h e a rth 82,223,610 n e t tons, bessem er 6,074,000 n e t tons, electric 5,350,880 n e t tons. Be
ginning Ju ly 1, 1944, th e percentages of cap ac ity operated a re calculated on w eekly capacities of 1,580,042 n e t tons open h earth , 116,182 n e t tons bessem er an d 102,757 net tons electric Ingots a n d steel fo r castings, to ta l 1,798,981 n e t to n s; based on annual capacities a s follow s; Open h e a rth 82,604,600 n et tons, bessem er 6,074,000 n e t tons, electric 5,372,150 net tons.
F o r 1945 percentages a re calculated on w eekly capacities of 1,614,338 n e t tons o f open h earth , 112,658 tons of bessem er and 104,640 tons of electric Ingots and steel fo r castings, to ta l 1,831,636 to n s; based on annual capacities a s of Ja n . 1, 1945 a s follows; Open h e a rth 84,171,590 net tons, bessem er 5,874,000 tons, electric 5,455,890 tons.
June 18, 1945 77
