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N ew s E d ito r E n g in eerin g E d ito r J . D . Kn o x Gu y Hu b b a r d
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ASSOCIATE EDITORS G . H . M a n l o v e , W . J . C a m p b e l l G . W . B i r d s a l l , F . R . B r i g g s , D . B . W i l k i n
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Y oungstow n, O. C in c in n ati, O.
F . S. T o b i n T o ro n to , O n t.
M a u r i c e B e a m
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The M a g a z i n e o f M e t a l w o r k i n g a n d M e t a l p r o d v e i n g
VOL. 116, NO. 17 A pril 23, 1945
--- NEWS---
Middle-of-Road Course Seen for Trum an ... 59
Bomber and Engine Programs Sharply Curtailed ... 62
Cleveland Seminar Studies Reinstatement of Servicemen... 64
Few er Working Days C ut February Steel Product Shipments ... 66
W ar Materials Shipment to Soviet Union Exceed 16,250,000 tons 67 Cost Absorption Prime Principle of Price Control ... 68
Termination Financing Requires Advance Planning by Management 71 Five-Point Program Adopted To Promote W estern Steel Industry 81
--- TECHN ICAL---
H eat Treating Procedures for Stainless Steel ... 88Part II— Straight chromium, chromium-nickel nonhardenable grades New Palm Oil Recovery System Developed for Tin Plate Line 90 W ei lion notes improved quality, 25% reduction in oil use Making Die Castings at Yale & Towne Mfg. Co... 92
Die designs and production methods at Stamford described W elding Rod Plant Capable of Record Production ... 97
Continuous unit completely eliminates manual handling Punching and Cutting with a Turret-Type Press ... 100
Unit proves versatile on short-run production The F uture for Low-Alloy High-Strength Steels ... 102
Improved steels provide higher efficiency, longer service life Electropolishing of Steel for Microscopic Examination ... 106
Anodic corrosion m ethod saves tim e in surface inspection Failure of W eldments Reduced by Low-Tem perature Stress Relief ... 110
Longitudinal and transverse stresses relieved at 400 degrees Fahr.
FEATURES
As the Editor Views the News . 55 Obituaries ... . 80Postwar Previews ... . 67 W ing Tips ... 82
Windows of Washington ... . 68 Industrial Activities ... . . 86
WPB-OPA Orders ... . 73 Industrial Equipm ent . 120 Mirrors of Motordom ... 75 The Business Trend ... . . 146
Men of Industry ... 78 Construction and Enterprise . . 174
--- MARKETS---
W ar Cutbacks Affect Steel Orders Less Than Expected ... 149Market Prices and Composites ... 150
In d d x to a d v e r ti s e r s ... ... is o
i r . ;• ■ . "
N E X T W E E K . . .
Hobbing at High Speed with Tungsten-Carbide Cutters Controlling Open H earth Furnace Erosion
How DeSoto Does Tough Stainless W elding JoBs Hardening and Shrink-Fit Assembling in One operation - Machining, Finishing and Testing Die Castings
Mounting Lead Foils for X-Ray Intensifying 'Screens
The "U ni-fram e" construc
tion of WELCO Torque Motors provides for an easy in terch an g e of A.C.
a n d D.C. motors to fit th e sam e housing o r fram e.
O nly WELCO has this vitally im portant fea tu re .
WELCO
Custom -tailored suits are made to meet the special requirements of the man to be fitted . The result is peak perfection in dress.
Custom-built motors, likewise, are b u ilt to meet the special require
ments o f appliances, machines and devices. The result is peak efficiency in operation.
That is w hy WELCO Torque Motors are so much in demand by the manufacturers whose products require the special pow ering th a t standard motors cannot provide. A WELCO Torque M otor, special
ly b u ilt fo r your special pow ering requirements, w ill give your product the advantage o f peak efficiency— top perform ance. We build them up to 75 H.P.
O ur engineers w ill g la d ly consult w ith you re garding your special pow ering problems. W rite Today.
THE B. A. WESCHE ELECTRIC CO.
DEPT. SS, 1628-5 VINE STREET CINCINNATI 10, OHIO
/ T E E L
AS THE EDITOR VIEWS THE NEWS
a i April 23, 194o
From Left to Right
U p p erm o st in th e m inds o f m an y in d u strialists are q uestions re g a rd in g the e f
fec t of M r. T ru m a n ’s elev a tio n to th e P resid en cy u p o n g o v em m e n t-in d u stry relations.
W ill p riv a te en terp rise b e given fa irer tre a tm e n t u n d e r th e T ru m a n adm in istratio n ? O n th e basis of m ost of th e co n jec tu re th u s fa r a d v a n c e d b y in fo rm ed observers, th e an sw e r seem s to b e in th e affirm ative. T h e n ew P re sid e n t classifies him self as a “com m on-sense lib e ra l” w ho d eplores “re d rad icalism .” M o st co m m en tato rs co n c u r in this d escrip tio n . H is v o tin g re c o rd in th e S en ate stam ps h im as b e in g con
sid e ra b ly m ore co nservative th a n his p red e cesso r, alth o u g h h e h as su p p o rte d m any of th e b e tte r N ew D e a l projects.
P re sid e n t T ru m a n ’s decisions d u rin g his first 10 days in office also h a v e b e e n reassu rin g . I n lu n c h in g w ith S en ate frien d s o n th e first full day of his service as P re sid e n t, h e in d ic a te d a desire to re-estab lish a b e tte r d eg re e of te am w o rk b e tw e e n th e E x ec u tiv e a n d L eg islativ e b ran c h e s— a g estu re th a t is ce rtain to b e re c ip ro c ated . H is r e q u e s t to S talin a n d th e la tte r’s p ro m p t decision to se n d M olotov to th e S an F ran cisco conference h a d th e earm arks of p ra c tic a l diplom acy. H is p ro m p t sta te m e n t th a t n o changes w o u ld b e m a d e in th e m ilita ry d irec tio n of th e w a r h e a rte n e d th e Allies a n d g av e no co m fo rt to th e enem y. H is first m ajo r a p p o in tm e n t— th a t of Jo h n W . S nyder, c a p a b le b a n k e r w ith extensive R F C ex perience, to th e p o s t of fe d eral lo a n ad m in istra to r— stan d s o u t in sh arp a n d fav o rab le c o n tra st to his p re d e c e s
sor’s a p p a re n t w illingness to e n tru s t th e im p o rta n t lo a n responsibilities to H e n ry W allace.
F ro m th ese a n d o th e r indicatio n s it w o u ld seem th a t one is fu lly justified in ex
p ecting P re sid e n t T ru m a n to c h a rt a course n e a r “c e n te r” o r a little “rig h t of c e n te r,”
as com pared w ith th e la te P re sid e n t’s ‘l e f t of c e n te r” course.
W hile h o p e of a m o d e ra te sh ift to th e rig h t m u st b e h e a rte n in g to in d u stria l leaders an d to a su b sta n tia l m ajo rity of th e p u b lic , it w ill b e a m istake to ex p e ct to o m uch from th e new P re sid e n t in this re sp e c t. N o m a tte r h o w m u c h h e m a y w ish to v ee r from le ft to rig h t, h e is b o u n d b y th e p o litica l com plexion o f his p a r ty to consider th e stren g th of its le ft w in g c o n tin g en t.
H e w ill need help to ex tricate th e P re sid en c y fro m too m u c h p ressu re im posed by th e p o w erfu l rad ic al m inority. T h a t h e lp sh o u ld b e fo rth c o m in g fro m every c iti
zen, reg ard less of p a rty affiliation, w ho a p p re cia tes th e g re a t im p o rta n ce of reversing th e tre n d of dangerous rad ical influence in o u r fe d e ra l g overnm ent.
HEED THIS WARNING!
A corporation heavily engaged in w a r w ork, eith er as a p rim e contractor or as a su b c o n tra cto r, will do w ell to study carefully its p o sitio n as to w orking capital.F or instance, th e re is b o u n d to be a tim e la g b e tween th e d ate w h en a w a r co n tract is te rm in ate d and th e d a te w hen th e c o n tra cto r’s claim ag a in st th e governm ent is paid. A ssum e, for exam ple, th a t a c o rp o ratio n s co n tra ct is te rm in ate d or th a t w ar w ork is c u t back 30, 60 or even 100 p e r c e n t and th a t th e tim e lag b efore th e governm ent pays its claim is tw o, four, six o r m ore m onths. U n d e r such
circu m stan ces, w o u ld th e c o rp o ratio n h av e sufficient w o rk in g c a p ita l to ca rry on? T h e p ro b lem can b e extrem ely serious p a rtic u la rly if th e c o rp o ratio n has hea v y ren e g o tiatio n or incom e tax liabilities.
F o rtu n a te ly , th e re are steps th a t can b e taken to avoid financial e m b arra ssm e n t u n d e r co n tra c t te rm in atio n . O n e is for th e c o n tra c to r to becom e fam iliar w ith c o n tra c t te rm in atio n p ro ce d u re an d to follow it carefu lly so as to effect p a y m e n t of claim s p ro m p tly . A n o th er is to take a d v a n ta g e of T -loans a n d o th e r financial assistance offered contractors.
R e a r A dm iral H . L . M e rrin g has p re p a re d an a u
t o v e r)
55
A S T H E E D I T O R V I E W S T H E N E W S
th o rita tiv e sta te m e n t on this su b ject, exclusively for this p u b licatio n . I t deserves a tte n tiv e rea d in g by
all co n tracto rs. — p. 71
o o a
LEND-LEASE TO USSR:
S hipm ents to th e S oviet U nion u n d e r lend-lease from O ctober, 1941, th ro u g h F e b ru a ry , 1945, exceeded 16,250,- 0 0 0 tons a n d re p re se n t a do llar value of $8,225,- 0 0 0 ,0 0 0 . T ransfers to R ussia th u s far h av e am o u n ted to 31.7 p e r c e n t o f th e U n ite d S tates g o v ern m e n t’s transfers to all of its allies since th e b eg in n in g of lend-lease.A m ong th e item s se n t to th e USSR w ere 13,000 planes, 12,850 co m b at vehicles, 1900 o rd n an c e serv
ice vehicles, 50,000 jeeps, 308,000 m o to r trucks, 135,000 subm achine guns, 13,000 sm all arm s, 8200 an ti-a irc ra ft guns, 306,000 tons of explosives, signal e q u ip m e n t v alu ed a t $ 170,000,000, 1405 locom o
tives, 10,396 railw ay cars, su b m arin e chasers, to r
p ed o boats, m ine sw eepers, tu g b o ats, engines, com pressors, m achine tools, steel, ferroalloys, nonfer- rous m etals a n d food.
T h e foregoing does n o t in clu d e thousands of air
cra ft flight-delivered n o r does it in c lu d e w a r services v alu e d a t $515,000,000. T h e volum e of aid to 'R ussia is im pressive a n d , ju d g in g from events on th e E a ste rn fro n t, has b e e n h ighly effective, p a rtic u la rly in h elp in g Stalin solve his trem endous pro b lem of tran sp o rta tio n . — p. 67
* © O
LIGHTER-WEIGHT CARS:
Low -aiioy, h ig h stre n g th steels w ere gain in g prom ising a c c e p tance befo re th e w a r b e g a n to in te rfe re w ith n o r
m al progress. O f th e 152,108 new fre ig h t cars in sta lle d b y Class I railroads from 1935 to 1939, in clusive, 3 5,027 o r 23 p e r c e n t w ere b u ilt w holly or in p a r t o f one of th e le ad in g low -alloy, high- stren g th steels. O f th e 1458 p assen g e r cars deliv
ere d to railroads fro m 1934 to 1939, inclusive, 84 o r 5.8 p e r ce n t w ere of conventional design, using ca rb o n steel; 159 or 10.9 p e r c e n t w ere of alu m inum ; 290 o r 19.9 p e r c e n t w ere of stainless steel a n d 925 or 63.4 p e r c e n t w ere of low -alloy, high- stre n g th steels.
In view of this significant p re w a r tre n d a n d w ith w artim e progress in fab rica tio n m eth o d s in m in d , it seem s alm ost ce rtain th a t th e p o stw a r p e rio d w ill w itness a d ec id e d sh ift to th e use of low -alloy h ig h tensile steels a n d o th e r lig h te r m aterials for ra il
ro a d ro llin g stock. T h e p ea ce tim e m a rk e t for these steels in som e o th e r fields also looks prom ising.
— p. 102
WARTIME M ISCELLANY:
N o t t0 be overlooked in th e reconversion p ic tu re is th e p o te n tia l d e m a n d for A m erican e q u ip m e n t, m aterials an d supplies fo r re h a b ilita tio n a b ro a d . In ad d itio n to inq u iries for 3 0,000 fre ig h t cars fo r F ra n c e , n o te d previously, build ers now u n d e rsta n d (p. 161) th a t inquiries for 10,000 fre ig h t cars fo r B elgium and 6000 fo r In d ia w ill b e issued soon. . . . H . F . B ain, co n sulting en g in ee r for th e B u rea u of M ines, sees a fav o rab le outlook for th e F a r W e st’s w ar-ex p an d ed steel in d u stry . H e says a d e q u a te ra w m aterials are availab le (p. 61), existing m arkets can su p p o rt jrro- d u ctio n in p la n ts of econom ic size a n d u n d e r c a p ab le m a n ag e m en t com p etitiv e conversion costs sh o u ld b e possible. . . . E m p lo y ers desirin g to pool experience in th e re in sta te m e n t of servicem en in in du strial jobs w ill b e in te re ste d in a co-operative p la n in o p era tio n in C leveland. E le v en in d u stria l corporations co llab o rate w ith F e n n C ollege a n d the V eterans A d m in istratio n (p. 64) in d ev elo p in g p ro gram s for h a n d lin g re tu rn in g v eteran s a n d tra in ing p erso n n el to supervise th e p ro g ram s in each p la n t. . . . C h e ste r B ow les, O PA ad m in istrato r, has p re p a re d a clear sta te m e n t of basic policies govern in g p rice control. H is exp lan atio n (p. 68 ) of
“in d u stry earnings sta n d a rd ,” “p ro d u c t sta n d a rd ” a n d th e “cost ab so rp tio n ” p rin c ip le sh o u ld help rea d ers to in te rp re t O PA ru lings m o re intelligently.
. . . D e c la re d su rp lu s, 134 u se d m achine tools co st
ing $1,123,990 (p. 72) are for sale a t W a te rv liet A rsenal. . . . W e irto n S teel Co. has in stalled a palm oil recovery system in its tin p la te d e p a rtm e n t (p.
90) w hich has c u t p u rch a ses of new oil 2 5 p e r cen t a n d im p ro v e d q u a lity of tin p la te. . . . C utbacks a fte r V -E D a y w ill in crease m ore ra p id ly th a n o r
iginally forecast. P ro d u c tio n of B -24 L ib e ra to r b om bers a t th e F o rd W Ulow R u n p la n t w ill b e te r
m in a te d b y A ug. 1 (p. 62) a n d p ro d u c tio n of th e B -17 F ly in g F o rtresses a t D ouglas A ircraft and L o ck h eed A ircraft w ill b e re d u c e d 50 p e r cent.
O u tp u t of B -24 b om bers b y C o n so lid ated V ultee a t San D ieg o w ill b e h a lte d M ay 25. I n som e in stan ces la b o r a n d facilities w ill b e sh ifte d to o th e r c o n tracts, b u t if cutbacks co n tin u e a t th e in d ic ated rate s, la b o r shortages w ill b e reliev ed a n d surpluses m a y ap p e ar. . . . R o ster o f th e p la n ts affected b y th e cu tb a c k in th e am m u n itio n p ro g ra m (p. 63) show s h ow w id ely th e shell orders w ere d istrib u te d .
E D IT O R -IN -C H IE F
And How They Benefit Your Com pany Today
Though Ryerson steel-from-stock service to your company today can’t always be as complete and fast as we’d like it, nevertheless, certain features of our service are probably more helpful th a n ever before.
If, for example, some particular item your com
pany needs is no t available—though our stocks in eleven plants are more diversified th an any
in the country—then we do our level best to recommend an item th a t will serve. And the recom m endation is practical—made by men w ith extensive theoretical as well as practical technical experience w ith steel.
In m ost cases we can still deliver the steel you w ant when you w ant it and where you w an t it.
T hus your purchasing executives can concenj tra te their steel-buying w ith Ryerson and knovl th a t Ryerson dependability is th e same as always!
T h a t all your Ryerson contacts will be sincerehl interested in helping w ith your steel probl lems. T h a t all we have learned from m o rl th a n 100 years in the steel business is a I your service. I f your com pany h asn ’l our la test Stock List and D a ta Book!
will you please w rite our nearest plant!
JOSEPH T. RYERSON & SON, INC., Steel-Service Plants: Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Buffalo, New York, Boston.
R Y E R S O N S T E E
Container Rim Output Increased 300%
N o v el die set-u p and Inland S h eets increa se w ar p a rt production
I N L A N D S T E E L C O .
38 S. Dearborn St., Chicago 3, III.
S a le s O ffice s: C in c in n a ti . D e t r o i t . I n d i a n a p o l i s . K a n s a s C ity . M i l w a u k e e . N e w Y o rk . S t. l o u l s . S t . P a u l
O u tp u t o f c a rtr id g e sto ra g e c o n ta in e r rim s, d ra w n 4 in. deep on an 8-in. d ia m e te r, has been ste p p e d u p from 400 to 1200 p e r d ay . T h is in crea se re su lts p a r tly from die design and die use, an d p a r tly from th e e x trem ely low b re a k a g e of In la n d H o t R olled P ick led S heets.
In the first o p e ra tio n 0.125" sto ck is b la n k e d a n d draw n full d e p th w ith }/>' sh o u ld er, in a double ac tin g p ress. T hese deep d raw n p a r ts a re m ov ed to a n o th e r press in w hich are m o u n ted two dies, one for p ie rcin g o u t th e b o tto m an d th e o th e r fo r sizing th e b o tto m , w hich is used la te r to close th e c o n t a i n e r . T h e tw o o p e r a t i o n s a r e p e r f o r m e d a t e a c h p ress stro k e .
The rim is th e n ta k e n to a th ird press in w hich a re th re e dies, w hich pierce lo c a tin g holes, p u n c h o u t th e s t a r t of k ey w ay s, a n d tr im on th e 8-in. d ia m e te r. A rim is com p le te d in th re e press stro k es.
F in a l o p e ra tio n s co n sist o f s p o t w elding th re e lugs to th e in n e r surface of th e rim , finish p iercin g t h e k ey w avs, an d sw edging th e lugs to th e rim fo r a close fit.
T h e in creased speed o f m a n u fa c tu re o f th e se c a rtrid g e sto rag e c o n ta in e r rim s is an exam ple o f how In la n d q u a lity steel is helping A m erica win th e b a ttle o f p ro d u c tio n .
I n l a n d s h e e ts a r e b l a n k e d a n d d r a w n 4 - i n . d e e p i n o n e o p e r a t i o n .
E a c h s t r o k e o f t h i s p r e s s p i e r c e s o u t t h e b o tto m o f a r i m a n d s i z e s t h e b o tto m o b t a i n e d d u r i n g t h e p r e v i o u s p r e s s s tr o k e .
Middle-of-Road Course Seen for Trumans
Administration
______________________________________________ T H E A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
April 23, 1945
President Trum ans first appear
ance before Congress as President, left above, was greeted with waves of applause from all factions and indicated he starts his administra
tion with unified support of the legislators. Also shown above is the flag at half-mast above the Senate office building with the Capitol in
the background. N E A photos
war, unchanged and unham pered,”—
won the approbation of both supporters and opponents of the Roosevelt adm in
istration. The decision not to disturb existing agencies and policies at this time is not interpreted as precluding a gradual move toward the right and a more conservative government under which businessmen should fare better than they have in recent years.
Mr. Trum an has described himself as
“a common-sense liberal” who deplores
“red radicalism” as much as he does M o re c o n se rv a tiv e p o lic ie s e x p e c te d to
d e v e lo p u n d e r n e w P re sid e n t. M a n y le ft
w in g e rs m a y b e r e p la c e d . B e tte r b a la n c e in g o ve rn m e n t to b e re s to re d . B u sin ess
m en's sto ck to rise in W a sh in g to n
W A SH IN G T O N GRADUAL shift toward more conser
vative government policies, with social reforms already achieved being retained, will develop under the administration of President Truman.
The new Chief Executive will work much more closely with Congress than did his predecessor, and, in turn, will receive much more co-operation.
He will strive for better balance ifi the administration. Personal government will tend to disappear and more authori
ty will be delegated to departm ent heads.
Some of the left wing officials and ad
visors in high places will drop from sight.
His administration will be liberal, but will not be characterized by the extremes which at times have featured the past 12 years.
Compromise again will become hon
orable and possible.
Organized labor will continue a major
factor in national politics. Its spokesmen will receive all that is due them, but it is doubted that the new President will yield to any claims for overpayment.
In general, Mr. Trum an’s course will be a “little right of center." As a re
sult, businessmen may expect fairer treat
ment in Washington circles.
This was tire consensus of capital an
alysts as the Missourian took up tire reins of his office w ith a minimum of confusion and urged the nation to carry on in its greatest task— winning the war.
Mr. Trum an’s ascension to the top of
fice of the land was warmly received by a large majority of the people. His first actions— an address to Congress, a press conference, a declaration of inten
tion to retain for the present practically all the cabinet and advisors of his pred
ecessor and in general to carry on the national program, a promise that the military leaders would be w holehearted
ly supported in the prosecution of the
T H E A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
adam ant reaction. His environment in the farmlands ol Missouri, where his father was a former confederate soldier and where a southern tinge influences the atmosphere, is credited with imbuing him with basic conservatism.
One advantage which the new Presi
dent brings to the W hite House is the sincere approbation of the legislative branch, where he spent two terms in the upper house and where he is highly re
garded. This approbation was manifest in Mr. Truman’s first appearance before Congress w here he was greeted by wave after wave of applause from the floor and the gallery. Evident was a rallying to his side and a readiness to forget party and factional différences for the sake of meeting the emergency.
While the new President asked the members of tire Roosevelt cabinet to re
main a t their post for the present, be
lief is general that this advisory group gradually will be reformed. Speculation as to probable changes affected practi
cally every departm ent except W ar and Navy.
“Sidewalk statesmen” focussed atten
tion particularly on the Departm ent of State, which must play the heaviest role in making the peace after the w ar is won and whose head now is next in line for the Presidency. The depart
ment was recently reorganized with E d
ward R. Stettinius, former chairman of the United States Steel Corp., as secre
tary, and is generally considered to be effectively organized.
Byrnes May D irect Foreign Policy However, James F. Byrnes, who recent
ly resigned as director of the Office of W ar Mobilization and Reconversion, is persistently rumoredTo be slated to head iip foreign policy in the new adminis
tration. As this was written, the issue had not been resolved, but some ob
servers were predicting Mr. Byrnes would replace Mr. Stettinius as secre
tary of state. Others believed Mr.
Byrnes m ight head a small group of ad
visors on foreign policy and that the State Departm ent would be left intact.
W hatever his title may become, prac
tically all observers expect Mr. Bvmes, who in addition to serving as OWMR di
rector is also a former senator and for
mer Supreme Court justice, will become an influential member of the Truman adm inistration.,
Mr. Truman considers Mr. Byrnes one of the best all-around men in Washing
ton. The two are believed to have al
most identical theories of government and should make an effective team.
Among the first of the Roosevelt cab- met to be given the ax by the bystanders was Attorney General Francis Biddle.
Many believed Mr. Biddle will be re
placed, possibly by Hugh Fulton, who served as counsel for tire Senate Defense Investigating Committee when Mr. T ru
man was chairman of that group.
Miss Frances Perkins, secretary of
labor, is another whose replacement is freely forecast. Miss Perkins, a close personal friend of Mr. Roosevelt, re
portedly has been anxious to resign and her loss would not be felt too keenly in most quarters. For years she has not been overly active in die Labor De
partment. Among those mentioned for the post is Sen. Harley M. Kilgore (Deni., W. Va.).
Henry Morgenthau Jr., secretary of die treasury, another close personal friend of Mr. Roosevelt, is another replacement of whom also is considered likely. Mr.
Morgenthau called on die new President last week and tendered his resignation but was asked to remain at his post.
Aldiough he eventually may be removed, many believe such action will not be taken immediately in view of the huge task of w ar financing in which the in
cumbent secretary is currentiy engaged.
Secretary of Interior Harold Iekes, one of die more voluble spokesmen for the left wing group in the administration, and one who has gotten in the hair of many people within and widiout die ad
ministration, may be another casualty of the change.
As to Henry Wallace, recently named secretary of commerce after a sharp con
gressional battle in which die D epart
ment of Commerce and the government lending agencies were divorced, no one believed Mr. Truman would urge him to depart. Mr. Wallace for the moment is carrying the flag for the left wing group and for organized labor and his ouster probably would precipitate a split with- in the party. Possibly if Mr. W allace were dismissed a third party, with W al
lace as the standard bearer, might ap
pear on the scene.
However, Mr. Trum an’s friends do not believe he will assign to Mr. W allace the gigantic job of supervising reconstruc
tion and creating 60 million jobs, as Mr. Wallace would like. Neither is he likely to subscribe to the “milk for the Hottentots” type of dieories of Mr. W al
lace. W hether Mr. W allace will desire to remain in the cabinet under the new circumstances is problematical.
Positions Are Undefined
The positions of Claude W ickard as secretary of agriculture and Postmaster General Frank W alker remained unde
fined. Mr. W alker is reported readv to step down. Traditionally the postmaster- P would go to Robert Hannegan, head of the Democratic National Committee and a close friend of Mr. Truman.
Henry L. Stimson and James V For- restal of the W ar and Navy Departments are not expected to be affected by the change. Both are reputed nonpartisan and highly efficient personalities. How
ever, one rumor would have K. T. Keller, Chrysler Corp. president, eventually re
placing Mr. Stimson in the W ar D epart
ment.
Most of the personal advisors with which Mr. Roosevelt had surrounded
JAMES F. BYRNES
U n til re c e n tly " A s s is t a n t P r e s id e n t " a n d d ir e c to r o f th e O ffic e o f W a r M o b iliz a tio n a n d R e c o n v e rsio n , M r . B y rn e s is e x p e c t e d to a s
sum e an in flu e n t ia l ro le in th e a d m in istra tio n
° f / r c s ' cienl T ru m a n . A b o v e h e is show n a r riv in g in W a s h in g to n to o f f e r h is a ss ista n ce so o n a ft e r h e a r in g o f the d e a th o f M r . R o o se
v e lt . N E A p h o to
himself are expected to look for other people to advise. These include Harry Ilopkins, Judge Samuel Rosenman and David K. Niles.
Considerable curiosity was expressed as to the future of the heads of many of the independent agencies created by the
■New Deal. Fred M. Vinson, director of the Office of W ar Mobilization and Reconversion, generally is expected to be retained. J. A. Krug, chairman of the W ar Production Board, likewise is con
sidered a carry-over.
The position of Chester Bowles, head of the Office of Price Administration, has been m ade uncertain by recent criti
cism over the food situation. His job is one of the most ticklish in the ad
ministration and on the whole is con
sidered ably administered.
W hat will happen to William H.
T H E A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
Davis, director of economic stabiliza
tion, and Dr. George W. Taylor, chair
man of the W ar Labor Board, and the heads of many other agencies remains an open question.
W hatever changes in personnel are to be made will be announced gradually to hold disruption of functioning of the agencies to a minimum.
s ' One of Mr. Trum an’s first major ap
pointments was that of John W. Snyder, St. Louis banker, as head of the federal lending agencies. Mr. Snyder had been recommended for the loan post before Mr. Roosevelt’s death by Jesse Jones,
form er secretary of commerce and loan head before he was ousted to make room for Ilenry W allace. Mr. Snyder was manager of the St. Louis branch of the Reconstruction Finance Corp. from 1937 to 1940 when he becam e RFC executive ''ice president, director of the Defense Plant Corp., and assistant to Jones. He has been vice president of the First National Bank of St. Louis since Jan. 1, , 1943.
Mr. Trum an’s early statements on pol
icy presaged a general continuation of the course established by Mr. Roosevelt.
H e has reiterated that the w ar m ust be
Present, Past a n d Pending
■ A LA B A M A C O A L STR IK E C U T S P IG IRON , STEEL OUTPUT B n»nN GHAM, Ala.— Pjg iron, steel ingot and finished steel output is sharply cur
tailed here with “captive" coal miners still largely idle. In rail connected commer
cial mines production is about 75 per cent of capacity.
■ C O M M U N IC A T IO N S W IR E OU TPUT SETS NEW R ECO R D
Wa s h in g t o n—O utput of communications wire for the arm ed sendees established
a new record during March of 267,000 miles, gain of 22 per cent over February.
■ T O O L M A N U FACTU RERS FORM EX PO RT A S S O C IA T IO N
Ne w York— A n asso c iatio n to s e rv e e x p o rt b u sin e ss h a s b e e n fo rm e d b y fo u r i n h t a f s n o ? ' V u ’T Y ^ AmeriC‘ln Machine T ° o1 ExPort Associates, chi i f Tool Co T - !• I C°-’ Wn-Vnc.sboro, Pa.; Lodge & Shipley Ma-
“ i * Tiecker c o rp " Muw“ k w - “ ■*w “ "
■ F A IR L E S S P R ED IC TS G O O D P O STW A R S T E E L DEMAND
Pit t s b u r g h—Benjamin F . Fairless, president, U . S. Steel C o r p ., predicts foreign requirements combined with domestic dem and will provide a m arket for a higher percentage of steel production than in normal years.
■ H EA V Y IN D USTRY IM PO RTA N T IN P O STW A R EM PLOYM EN T
Ch ic a g o—Heavy industry should make a substantial contribution to postwar em-
ployment, because wartime technological advances will stimulate purchase of improved transportation equipm ent and machine tools, R. C Ingersoll presi dent, Ingersoll Steel & Disc Division, Borg-Warner Coip., stated here last week.
■ STR IK IN G W O R K ER S A T U. S. STEEL'S G A R Y PLA N T RETURN Chicago— The 130 striking workers on the hot pickling lines at Gary sheet and tin mills of Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp. returned to their jobs April 13 at the order of WLB to which the month-old dispute had been certified.
B CLA YT O N URGES R EN EW A L O F TRADE A G REEM EN TS A C T
Wa s h in g t o n—Assistant Secretary of State, W . L . Clayton, last week urged the r e newal of the Trade Agreements Act with authority to further reduce existing tariffs as a means of assuring American postwar prosperity..
■ SEEK FU LL EM PLO YM EN T FOR SM A LL BUSINESS
Wa s h in g t o n— Secretary of Commerce Wallace met last week with the Small Busi
ness Advisory Committee to discuss ways and means to get the fullest possible employment for this industrial group in the postwar period.
a ENAM ELED W A R E M ANUFACTURERS GET LESS STEEL
Wa s h i n g t o n— About 35 per cent less steel was available for allotment by the WPB
onsumers D urable Goods Division, to manufacturers of enameled ware in the second quarter, com pared with that for the initial three months this year.
a FOREM EN V O TE IN FAV O R O F UNION R EPRESEN TA TIO N
De t r o i t—Election among foremen at the Packard plants on the question of whether
tie y desire to be affiliated with the Foremen’s Association of America went in ravor of the union.
vigorously prosecuted until the uncon- ditional surrender of both Germany and Japan.
H e has endorsed the Bretton Woods proposals and declared the country needs an international monetary setup. He also favors a reciprocal trade agreem ent pro
gram; while in the Senate, he supported the administration’s program.
On the domestic side, he has an
nounced he will go ahead w ith public pow er projects w herever possible and necessary. He has endorsed the Missouri Valley authority, but declined to com
m ent on tlie proposed St. Lawrence sea
way proposal.
To Hold Public Hearings on Postwar Tool Disposal
Public hearings on the problems in
volved m the disposal of the govern
ment s huge stock of machine tools at the end of the war will bo held in Washington April 25, 26 and 27, and will be partici
pated in by federal officials and repre
sentatives of industrial groups.
Over $4 billion worth of machine tools have been built in this country for war purposes, about 70 per cent of which are owned by the government.
T he machine tool builders will have as spokesmen at the hearings Tell Berna general manager, National M achine T o o l Builders Association, Cleveland- II 11 Pease president, N ew Britain Machine C o , N ew Britain, Conn.; William P. Kirk vice president, P ratt & W hitney, West Hartford, Conn. The National Screw Machine Products Association, Cleveland will be represented by Orrin B. W erntz’
executive secretary; Fred C. Phillips’
president, F. C. Phillips C o , Stoughton!
M ass, and R. D. Perry, of the Perry-Fay C o , Elyria, O.
Favorable Outlook Seen for West's Steel Industry
Favorable opportunities exist for the W ests war-expanded steel industry in
Postwar period, according to a re
port prepared for the United States Bu
reau of Mines by H. F. Bain, consulting engineer of the bureau.
Pointing out that operation of the new steel plants will depend first upon adequate financial backing and recapital
ization to write off the costs chargeable to the war, Mr. Bain lists these three con
clusions: ( 1) Adequate raw materials are available aad the defects in quality can be overcome. Reasonably competitive as
sembly costs can be obtained; ( 2 ) exist
ing markets can support production in plants of economic size, subject to the usual vicissitudes of the steel business b ut perm itting expectation of growth; ( 3 ) under capable management, operating with competitive conversion costs should be possible,
April 23, 1945
C U T B A C K S
Bomber, Engine Programs CurtaiLed
W illo w Run p la n t to ce a se p ro d u ctio n o f L ib e ra to rs b y A u g u st. F ly in g F o rtre ss s c h e d ules re d u c e d 5 0 p e r cent in tw o p la n ts
WAR production cutbacks are pre
ceding the fall of Germany and after V-E Day will increase at a more rapid rate than originally forecast. Within three months after the defeat of the Nazis, such cutbacks will reach 24 per cent, double the 12 per cent estimated by W ar Production Board officials earlier this month. Six months after European victory, cutbacks will have reached at least 36 per cent and will be 50 per cent within a year, according to re
vised schedules. The WPB Steel Divi
sion last week was preparing new V-E Day recommendations for WPB Chair
man Krug.
Following the decision not to com
plete 12 projected tank factories and a
$200 million cutback in artillery ammu
nition plants and facilities ( St e e l, Ap
ril 16, p. 78), came announcements that production of B-17 Flying Fortresses at the Douglas Aircraft Co. and Lock
heed Aircraft Co. will be reduced 50 per cent. Production of B-24 Liberator bombers will be term inated at the Ford Willow Run plant by Aug. 1.
Production of the B-24 by Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corp. at San Diego, Calif., will be halted May 25 as a result of can
cellation of the company’s contract.
Labor and facilities freed will be utilized in building the B-32 superbombers and the RY-3 transports. Lockheed’s contracts for the P-38 fighter plane will be gradual
ly tapered off.
Shell Steel To Continue Tight The artillery ammunition cutback will eliminate the necessity for a pro
jected 22 per cent increase in shell re
quirements for third quarter and needs for this period will level out at about the June, 1945, schedule which is some
what higher than present schedules but less than anticipated, according to WPB. The shell steel supply will con
tinue tight and new programs are in the making which will tend to offset the reduction in volume in some cate
gories.
The reduction in production of Fly
ing Fortresses at the Douglas and Lock
heed plants will be gradual over the next several months. Affected will be more than 2000 suppliers of material and equipment for Douglas and at least 1000 for Lockheed. These suppliers in
clude subcontractors making integral parts for the planes. In conformity with
To assist in planning for the reconversion of industry to civilian production, Robert M. Nathan, formerly an advisor on programming to Donald M. Nelson when the latter was chairman of the W ar Production Board, has been ap
pointed a deputy to Fred M. Vinson, director of the Office of W ar Mobiliza
tion and Reconversion. N E A photo
regulations governing cutbacks of planes, all contractors and suppliers were noti
fied of the reduced schedules.
Both Douglas and Lockheed officials believe the cutbacks will not necessitate laying off any great number of work
ers. Douglas said the necessary reduc
tion in working force could be absorbed by “quits” which have been averaging between 450 and 500. Lockheed ex
pects to take up the personnel slack in much the same way. Acceleration of production of the company’s jet plane, the P-80 Shooting Star, also will help absorb any surplus labor.
The cessation of B-24 production at tire Willow Run plant will affect 21,731 employes at the bomber plant, 9000 more at other Ford plants and an esti
m ated 70,000 in the plants of suppliers and subcontractors. Initial layoffs will be largely women employes, who consti
tute 34 per cent of present plant em
ployment.
As result of the cutback in the B-24 bomber program, Buick production of Pratt & W hitney engines for this plane will
be halted immediately at tire company’s Flint, Mich., and Melrose Park, 111., plants.
T he cutback will affect about 8000 workers, about equally divided at the two plants. O ther aircraft engine programs of Buick are not affected.
In tire three years of W illow Run's operations, more than 8000 of the four- engine bombers were produced, peak production being reached in March, 1944, when 462 complete units were made. Production schedules for this month call for 248 of the regular M model, and two of a revised N model w ith a single-tail design. For May, schedules call for 166 regulars and two N models; for June, 154 regulars and six N models; and July, 103 regulars.
Reason assigned to the cutback was the sudden collapse of the Luftwaffe and the accumulation of a substantial backlog of B-24 bombers by the Army Air Forces.
The Willow Run plant is one of the largest and most costly government- financed aircraft facilities in the coun
try, running well over $100 million and
C U T B A C K S
occupying a 67-acre tract of land with 22 miles of concrete runways.
While the AAF reports it is making studies in co-operation with the WPB as to possible use of the plant’s facili
ties for some other type of war pro
duction, this likely will prove difficult since the basic design of the plant and equipment revolves around production of a single type of heavy bomber in quantity. At one time the Ford man
agement indicated interest in eventual acquisition of Willow Run or part of it for production of farm tractors and agricultural machinery, but no forma!
application has been made yet.
Closing of W illow Run, reduction of other heavy bomber programs and can
cellation of shell and tank projects prob
ably heralds the beginning of other cut
backs on materials designed primarily for the European war. These cutbacks may pile up fast in the ensuing weeks.
Displaced male workers may find other war jobs for a while but the time soon may come when they must return to peacetime jobs.
Cutbacks Get Increased Attention This probability is directing increased attention to WPB policy on cutbacks and to reconversion planning. The WPB Requirements Committee recently asked all claimant agencies to submit a new set of requirem ents on the as
sumption that victory in Europe will come before June 30. The committee’s action represents one o f the most tangi
ble steps the WPB has yet taken to scale down strictly military demand for steel, copper and similar materials.
To aid in planning for reconversion, Robert M. Nathan, formerly a planning advisor to Donald M. Nelson when the latter was chairman of WPB, has been appointed a deputy to F red M. Vinson director of the Office of W ar Mobiliza
tion and Reconversion.
Further details of WPB’s preparations for reconversion to civilian production were revealed last week by Chairman J- A. Krug. Noting that the most critical factor confronting many industries in re
converting is the need for obtaining ma
chine tools and equipment, Mr. Krug said that no preference ratings would be as
signed except for “filling in” and “bottle
neck tools and equipment without which a civilian production line would be unable to operate.
This policy will assist industries with long lead time tools, such as the auto
motive industry, to get ready for pro
duction.
It is not possible at this time,” Mr.
Krug pointed out, “to authorize the pro
curement by industries desiring to build new plants or set up entirely new produc
tion lines of all of the tools and equip
ment needed for such lines.”
Mr. Krug outlined the criteria which will be used by WPB in supplying a AA-3 rating to applicants for “bottleneck” tools and equipment. These criteria are as follows:
1— There is no reasonable prospect that the items can be acquired at the times requested without a rating. This condition will usually exist only in cases of items having a long manufacturing time so that unrated deliveries are difficult to schedule.
2— The time requested fot delivery is such that, if V-E Day were to occur im mediately and applicable WPB restric
tions on production were removed, the purchaser’s resumption, initiation or ex
pansion of production would be materially delayed by failure to receive the item on the specified date.
3— The item is needed for production at the minimum economic rate.
4—T he items are only a small “bottle
neck portion of the total equipment needed for the civilian production, the remainder being on hand or available without special assistance.
5— The items are actually needed to permit production, either in the pu r
chaser’s plant or an industry dependent on him, and are not to replace or supplement existing equipment which is adequate though less efficient.
6— The product which the applicant will manufacture must generally be one that is needed for the civilian economy.
The same criteria will be used in au
thorizing minor amounts of construction necessary to set up workable lines of pro
duction for civilian products.
In announcing the new details, WPB revealed that a $50 million machine tool program and a $35 million construction program had been approved for the re
conversion of the automotive industry, with AA-3 rating granted.
F o rg in g s fo r sh ell, 7 5 -m illim e te r: B onney F o rg e & T o o l W o rk s, E m m au s, P a .; C o le E n g in e e rin g C o ., B la n ch e ster, O .; N atio n a l S upply C o., W a sh in g to n , P a .; R h eem M fg. C o., B es
sem er, A la.
Sh ell, 6 0 -m illim e te r: F la n n e ry B o lt C o., B rid g ev ille, P a .; L o u is Mane C o., M cM echen, W . V a.; R ailw ay In d u s tria l E n g in ee rin g C o., G re e n sb u rg , P a .; F le tc h e r E n a m e l C o., D u n b a r, W . V a.; H ay s M fg. C o., E rie , P a.
F o rg in g s fo r sh ell, 6 0 -m iliim e te r: C o n tin e n tal C a n C o., M cK ees R ocks, P a .; L e h ig h F o u n d ry C o., E a sto n , P a .; F iresto n e S teel P ro d u cts C o ./
A kron, O.
F u se , M -4 8 : B ig elo w -S an fo rd C a rp e t C o., A m sterd am , N . Y.; T ech n ifin ish L a b o ra to ries, R o ch ester, N . Y.; E . G . B u d d M fg. C o., B u stcl- to n , P a ., a n d P h ila d e lp h ia ; H o o v er C o., M as
sillo n , O .; W rig h t A u to m a tic M ac h in e C o., D u r
h am , N . C .; N in e te en H u n d re d C o rp ., St. J o sep h , M ich .; B ow ser In c ., F t. W ay n e, In d .;
B allard A irc ra ft, A rth u rd a le , W . V a.; M cE voy In d u strie s, H o u sto n , T ex .; N a tio n a l C ash R eg is te r C o., D a y to n , O .; R em in g to n A rm s, D e n v er; G lobe H o ist C o., D es M oines, Io w a.
S h e ll, 1 0 5 -m illim e te r: G e n eral R ailw ay S ig
n a l C o., R o ch ester, N . Y.; P u llm a n S ta n d a rd C ar C o ., H a m m o n d , In d .; U n ite d Shoe M a
c h in e ry C o., L o w ell, M ass.; U . S. H o ffm an M a
c h in e C o., P o u g h k e e p sie , N . Y.; G e n eral M o
to rs C o rp ., O lds D ivision, K ansas C ity , M o.;
J. A . Jones C o n stru ctio n C o., S heffield, A la .’
H ig g in s In d u strie s, N ew O rle a n s; B ald w in P ian o C o., C in c in n ati; T o k h eim E n g in e e rin g C o., I n d ia n a p o lis, In d .; B ro w n & R oot C o ., H o u sto n T e x .; E le c tric B o a t C o., N ew L o n d o n , C o n n .;
G e n eral M otors, K ansas C ity , M o.; Jo n es &
L a u g h lin S teel C o rp ., M cK eesport, P a.
In Detroit, Henry P. Nelson, WPB co
ordinator of automotive reconversion, said the extension of the AA-3 ratings would apply to all industries facing critical reconversion problems.
To accelerate study of automotive m a
chine requirements, R. F, V. Stanton of the WPB ffools division will undertake to work directly with the individual com
panies to keep them in closer touch with the tools division a t Washington.
Related to the machine tool problem is the perfection of some means for m anu
facturers to obtain release of company- owned equipm ent now busy on w ar work, but which might be replaced with surplus government-owned tools. The automotive industry estimates two-thirds of its equip
ment is in this category. W ith regard to the acquisition of surplus government owned tools, it has been proposed that instead of preparing detailed lists of all these items to circulate among prospective automotive buyers, the latter instead list their critical and immediate requirements and circulate these lists among other com
panies and to government agencies to per
mit a speedier determination of whether or not the specific machines are available.
In discussions with automotive produc
tion officials, Bertrand Fox of the WPB materials committee reported it was too early as yet to determine the extent of availability of various materials after V-E Day, in view of steadily mounting war contract cutbacks, b u t th a t surveys are being m ade which soon will give a clearer picture. I t was indicated that at the m oment paint looks to be a most critical item of supply for automotive needs.
F o rg in g s fo r sh ell, 1 0 5 -m M im e te r: R heem M fg. C o., L as V egas, N ev .; N a tio n a l S upply C o ., W ash in g to n , P a.
Sh ell, 8 1 -m illim c te r: Peerless o f A m erica, M ario n , In d .; E x c e l F o u n d ry C o., F a ll R iver, M ass.
S ta m p in g s fo r sh ell, 8 1 -m illim c te r: C hase Brass & C o p p e r C o., C le v ela n d .
S h e ll, 7 5 -m iIIim c te r: P a lm e r B ee C o., E lle tts- v ille, In d .; R em in g to n -R an d In c ., M arietta, O .;
H a rris M fg. C o., Jo h n so n C ity , T e n n .; A irflow C o rp ., W ilk e s-B a rre, P a .; C o p la y C e m e n t C o., A lle n to w n , P a .; D ra v o C o rp ., N e v ille Isla n d , P a .; V an N o rm an M ach in e C o., Springfield,' M ass.; L u d in g to n -G risw a ld In c ., Saybrook, C o n n .; I I & B A m e ric a n M ac h in e C o., P a w tu c k e t, R . I .; R h eem M fg. C o., B ro o k ly n , N . Y.;
Sto ck h am P ip e F ittin g C o., B irm in g h am , A la B o o ster: B a rr M fg. C o ., W ee d sp o rt, N . Y.;
R o b ertsh a w T h e rm o sta t C o ., Y oungw ood, P a !’
H ig h S ta n d a rd M fg. C o ., H a m d e n , C onn.- B ru n n e r-R itte r C o., B rid g e p o rt, C o n n .; M oraine P ro d u cts C o., D a y to n , O .; M id w est M ach . C o.
C o lu m b u s, O .; D o m estic M fg. C o. In c ., Los A n g eles; L a m b -G ray s H a rb o r C o ., H o q u iam , W ash .; K aiser In d u strie s, D e n v er; S tu a rt E n g in e e rin g C o ., N o rw alk , C o n n .; L am so n C o rp ., Syracuse, N . Y .; E le c tric A u to lite C o ., Toledo;’
K aiser In d u s trie s , S c ra n to n , P a.
F u s e , M -5 4 : H o lle y C arb u re to r, D e tro it; C en tra l Specialties, Y psilanti, M ich.; M ilw aukee G as & S p ecialties C o., M ilw au k e e ; P itn e y B ow es P o stag e M e te r C o., S tam fo rd , C o n n .; L ith o E q u ip m e n t C o., C h ic ag o ; In te rn a tio n a l H a r
v ester C o., St. P a u l.
T im e tra in rin g s fo r fu se , M -5 4 : G ilb e rt &
B ark er, S prin g field , M ass.; H o lst, M ilfo rd , C o n n .;
P erk in s M ach in e & G e ar C o., Springfield, M ass’.
Affected by Ammunition-Shell Cutbacks
V E T E R A N S R E - E M P L O Y M E N T
Cleveland Seminar Studies Reinstatement
ORIGINAL research into the problems of placing war veterans in industrial jobs and cf adjusting the servicemen to the jobs is being undertaken at Cleveland in a unique seminar in which 11 industries and a college are co-operating.
The problems to which the group is giving attention are so new that little suitable previous information on them is available. Consequently members cf the group are developing their own manual of procedure, pooling and incorporating their thoughts and experience in deal
ing with veterans already returned to industry.
The seminar is studying the veteran’s problem from the time he applies for employment until he is completely ad
justed to the job. These problems, already important, will become more so as the volume of returning servicemen swells.
Industries participating in the pro
gram are; Cleveland Electric Illumi
nating Co., Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co., Ferro Machine & Foundry Co., Gen
eral Dry Batteries Co., Lake City Mal
leable Co., Lamson & Sessions Co., Na
tional Screw & Mfg. Co., Thompson Aircraft Products Co., W arner & Swa- sey Co., W eatherhead Co., and W hite Motor Co.
Co-operating with these industries are Fenn College, which initiated the proj
ect, and the Veterans Administration, which acts in an advisory capacity.
Started last October, the 12-month course has two purposes: 1. Developing a program for handling returning vet
erans in industry; and 2, training the person selected by a company to put into effect and steer the program in that company’s plant.
For the first three months of the course, die study group worked three half-days and cne evening each w'eek on a program for getting veterans back into civilian employment. The remain
ing nine mondis are being devoted to providing the group with professional training and experience in counseling, including laboratory practice in voca
tional testing and guidance. At present, the group meets two half-days a week.
Classes are held a t Fenn College, where a vocational testing and guidance laboratory is available. The course is conducted by the college’s departm ent of personnel development, of which Joseph S. Kopas is director.
Indicative of their earnestness in get
ting right at the problem, the men, sev
eral of whom are war veterans, doff their coats, roll up their shirt sleeves, and enter into lively discussions in the classroom. They don’t hesitate to dis-
T h is is th e first o f tw o artic le s o n a n in - du stry -co lleg e sem in ar in C le v ela n d on em p lo y m e n t of w a r v eteran s. T h e second a rticle w ill a p p ea r in a n e arly issue.
Pictured at a meeting of a Cleveland seminar on industry and the war veteran are, left to right around table: Rita F. Bothwell, Lake C ity Malleable Co.;
H, C. Christenson, Veterans Administration; Russell Colt, General Dry Bat
teries Co.; H. Blackett, National Screw & Mfg. Co.; G. R. Knapp, W h ite Motor Co.; Bob Nieman, Ferro Machinery & Foundry Co.; Alex J. Pauli, Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co.; J. F. Gedeon, Lamson & Sessions Co.; E. R. Pickford, Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co.; Harold Thomas, W arner & Swasetj Co.;
W alter G. Sites, assistant director, department of personnel development, Fenn college; and Joseph S. Kopas, director of that department agree with one another, or their instruc
tor, Mr. Kopas. Through this freedom of discussion, guided by Mr. Kopas, all phases of a problem or theory are brought into the open and examined. Thus, figuratively, the w heat is separated from the chaff and a program for intra-plant dealing with veterans assembled. An
alysis of practices of personnel work gives the students an opportunity to understand the theories underlying their daily work, and this knowledge of theories tends to improve their skills as personnel men.
It is emphasized in the course that the largest portion of the work of refitting w ar veterans into civilian life falls upon industry'. Next to his home and family,
a job is most important to a veteran, and satisfactory employment is a most desired factor in his readjustm ent to civilian life. The armed services spend months, sometimes several years, to pre
pare a man for the regim ented life of a soldier, sailor or marine. Even if the serviceman does not have physical or m ental handicaps when he is discharged from service he most likely will have undergone some emotional changes in the time he has been away from civilian life. F or example, the veteran remem
bers his home, wife and children as the way they were the day he w ent away.
In the meantime, his home’s standard of living has had to drcp, which has re
sulted in his wife’s developing a resent-
