ANNUAL REPORT 1992
Report No. 967 June 1993
Delft University of Technology Dep. of Mechanical Engineering and Marine Technology
INTRODUCTION
The year 1992 may be noted for the considerable amount of scientific activity in the department.
Five students graduated in both experhiiental and theoretical subjects ranging from experiments on the highly non-linear behaviour of yachts surfing in stem seas to the development and application of a 3-diinensional diffraction calculation method for the determination of loads on vertical cylinders using the hybrid rmg element technique. Three Ph.d.students continued their projects on non-linear wave loads and ship motions, viscous effects in drift forces on semi-submersibles and on the development of computational tools for the design of propeller blade sections with prescribed cavitation properties. Members of the department have contributed papers to a number of international symposia on then-particular specialisms. Contacts with industry have been continued through both scientific co-operation and industrial projects carried out in the model basins.
After a long and productive scientific career in the department, our much appreciated senior staff member, Ing. Whn Beukelman went to retirement. To our great sadness Ing. A.P. de Zwaan, a long-time member of the staff, died after a prolonged iUness. He wül be remembered with gratitude by all who knew him.
CONTENTS
1. ORGANIZATION OF THE SHIP HYDROMECHANICS LABORATORY
2. PROMOTIONS
3. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
4. STUDENT THESIS
5. MEMBERSHIPS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZA-TIONS
6. CONTRIBUTIONS TO SYMPOSIA, CONGRESSES ETC.
7. PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
8. RESEARCH
9. RESEARCH F A C I L I T I E S OF THE SHIP HYDROMECHANICS LABORATORY
10. REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS OF THE SHIP HYDROMECHANICS LABORATORY
1. ORGANIZATION OF THE SHIP HYDROMECHANICS LABORATORY Phone: Fax: +31 15 786882 + 31 15 781836 Phone: 015-78.... Board:
Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster (chainnan) Ir. J.A. Keuning (secretary) Ing. W. Beukelman (member) Ir. J.M.J Joumée (member) Ing. A. Goeman (member)
Permanent Staff:
Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster Prof.dr.ir. G. Kuiper Ing. W. Beukehnan Ir. J.M.J. Joumée Ir. J.A. Keuning Ir. J. Ooms
Ir. P.F. van Terwisga Ing. A. Versluis
Instruction- and Research Assistants:
Ing. C. Bom Ing. A. Goeman Ing. A.P. de Zwaan P.W. de Heer
R. Onnink
A.J. van Strien
..3598 ..1897 ..1859 ..3881 ..1893 ..3598 ..6860 ..1859 ..3881 ..1897 ..3876 ..1570 ..3871 ..6870 ..1893 ..4684 ..6873 ..6872 ..6872
Secretary: Mrs. P.J. Trijzelaar-Verduin ..6882 Librarian: P.W. de Heer ..6873 Laboratory Manager: Ing. A. Goeman ..1893 Drawing Office: Ing. C.P.Poot ..3745 Electronic Section: Ir. J. Ooms ..3876 Modelshop:
C A . C M . van der Bergh ..6875
Mechanic Section:
B. Dammers (chief) ..6877 H. van der Hek ..6877
Ph.D. Students:
Ir. L.J.M. Adegeest ..5562 Arun Kr. Dev, BScEngg. MSc. CEng. ..1570
During this year the following persons left the Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory:
June 23, 1992 - A.P. de Zwaan f November 1, 1992 - W. Beukelman (retired)
In Commemoration of Ton de Zwaan t
On June 23* 1992 Ton de Zwaan, technical and scientific cooperator of the Sliip Hydromechanics Laboratory, died after some months of serious suffering.
Ton felt himself always strongly related to his colleagues, his friends, but also to his work. In his spezialization he strongly appreciated cooperation with his colleagues and in this way he manufactured very perfectly several computerprograms on Mari-time Technology (Resistance and Propulsion of Ships, CAD/CAM etc.) as valuable aid for sliip design, but also for the development of particular area's such as ship behaviour in shallow and restricted water.
For educational development he want two times to the University of Ambon to introduce there the mentioned computerprograms. With much effort and pleasure he fulfilled his work there even during a period of 3 months just before the wasting disease became manifest causing finally his death.
We know Ton from 1964 as a diligent and skilful colleague for whom human contact was always most important.
As friend and colleague we will miss Ton in the future. Nervertheless a grateful rememberance remains among us.
2. PROMOTIONS
At the Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory the following persons were working on their doctor's thesis:
Ir. J.A. Keuning on the theme:
'Dynamic Behaviour of Fast Ships' Supervisor: Prof.ir. J. Gerritsma
Ir. J . J . Blok on the theme:
'Resistance of Ships in a Seaway' Supervisor: Prof.ir. J. Gerritsma
Ir. J.H. de Koning Gans on the theme:
'Instationary Cavitation on a 3-Dimensional Foil' Supervisor: Prof.dr.ir. G. Kuiper
Ir. J . L . M . Adegeest on the theme:
'Short and Long Term Wave Loads' Supervisor: Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster
Arun K r . Dev, BScEngg. MSc. CEng. on the theme:
'Hydrodynamic Aspects of Moored Semi-Submersibles Extreme Seas'
3. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM (in Dutcli)
Pi'of.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster
MT513, 'Sliip Motions and Steering 1' Part 1: Waves and Sliip Motions Part 2: Steering and manoeuvring MT514, 'Ship Motions and Steermg n'
Part 1: Steering Part 2: Ship Motions
Prof.dr.ir. G. Kuiper
MT512, 'Resistance and Propulsion' (in English)
Ir. J . M . J . Journée
X2MT1, 'Offshore Hydromechanics' X I , 'Offshore Technology'
Ir. J.A. Keuning
Wbml07, 'Technical Systems'
4. STUDENT THESIS
28-02 1992 Wijbrandts, H .
'Manoeuvreerproefsimulatie met de PC 06-07 1992 Quadvlieg, F.H.H.A.
'Non Linear Motions of Planing Ships' 25-08-1992 Wisse, M.J.
'Krachten op en bewegingen van een afgemeerd schip t.g.v. het passeren van een ander scliip' 20-11-1992 Dragt, J.P.
'Surfen van schepen'. Een theoretische beschrijving van de kracht op het schip van de achterink. golf' 17-12-1992 Lesterhuis, Johannes B.
'Three Dimensional Diffraction Calculation of Axi-Symmetric Bodies by Hybrid Ring-Elements'
5. MEMBERSHIPS OF INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZA-TIONS
Member Advisory board Institute for Marine Dynamics (EMD), St John's, New Foundland.
Member Advisory board Offshore MARIN. KIVI/MarTec, Chamnan.
Ocean Engineering: International editor.
International Shipbuilding Progress (ISP): Senior editor. International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC):
Ocean Engmeering Committee (chairman).
Membership of CMO advisory panels and committees: General Hydrodynamics.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SYMPOSIA. CONGRESSKS E T C .
Intersociety Higli Performance Marine Vehicle Conference and Exhibit, HPMV-1992, American Society of Naval Engineers Inc., Arlington, USA.
'Non Linear Heave and Pitch Motions of Fast Ships in Irregular Head Seas'
by Ir. J.A. Keuning.
1st Joint Conference on Marine Safety and Environment -Ship Production, Symposium 150 Years TU Delft, 1-5 June 1992, Delft University of Technology, The Netheriands.
'Hydromechanic Aspects of Marine Safety' by Ing. W. Beukehnan.
Proceedings of the Sbcth International Conference on the Behaviour of Offshore Structures, BOSS-1992, 7-10 July held at the Imperial College of Science, London, England.
'Wave Drift Forces in ShaUow Water'
by Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster and Ir. R.H.M. Huijsmans.
12th International Symposium on 'Yacht Design and Yacht Construction' - HISWA, Proceedings, 12 and 13 November 1992, Amsterdam, The Netheriands.
'Sailing Yacht Performance in Calm Water and in Waves'
by Prof.ir. J . Gerritsma, Ir. J.A. Keunmg and R. Onnink.
5. MARIN Jubilee Meeting, Developments in Marin Techno-logy, 10 Hydrodynamics: Computations, Model Tests and Reality, May 1992, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
'Statistical Aspects of the Behaviour of Moored Floating Structures'
by Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster.
6. MARIN Jubilee Meeting, Developments in Marine Techno-logy, 10 Hydrodynamics: Computations, Model Tests and Reality, May 1992, Wagenmgen, The Netherlands.
'Nonlinear Motions of Fast Ships and the Effect on Operability'
by Ir. J.A. Keuning.
7. X m th World Dredgmg Congress, University of Bombay, 1992, Bombay, India.
'On the Motions of Seagoing Cutter Dredge'
by Dr.ir. S.A. Miedema, Ir. J.M.J. Journée & Ir. S. Schuurman.
8. First International Conference in Commemoration of the 300-th Anniversary of Creating Russian Fleet by Peter the Great, 1992, St. Petersburg, Univ. of Technology, Russia.
'Hydrodynamic Aspects of Ship safety' by Ing. W. Beukelman
9. Advanced Design for Ships and Offshore Floating Systems, September 1992, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
'Full Scale Measurements' by Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster.
10. Advanced Design for Ships and Offshore Floating Systems, September 1992, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
'Model Testing of Ships and Offshore Structures' by Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster.
11. Advanced Design for Ships and Offshore Floating Systems, September 1992, University of Glasgow, Scotland.
'Design and Analysis of Station Keeping Systems: D.P Systems' by Prof.dr.ir. J.A. Pinkster.
12. Practical Design of Ships and Mobile Units, PRADS'92, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 17-22 May 1992, U.K.
'Quick Strip Theory Calculations in Ship Design' by Ir. J.M.J. Journée.
13. Lezingen gehouden op 23 oktober 1992 i.v.m. het bereiken van de pensioengerechtigde leeftijd van Ing. W. Beukehnan, Vakgroep Scheepshydromechanica, Faculteit der Werktuig-bouwkunde en Maritieme techniek. Technische Universiteit Delft, Nederland.
'Onderzoek aan jachten' door Prof.ir. J . Gerritsma.
'Hydrodynamische aspecten met betrekking tot de scheeps manoeuvreerbaarheid'
door Dr.ir. J.P. Hooft.
'Toegevoegde weerstand in golven: Hydrodynamische inzichten toepassen in het scheepsontwerp'
7. PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
During this period considered the Laboratory, besides its normal research, provided (payed) services for Industry and Govemment. This included model tests, full scale trials studies etc. In 1992 the next projects have been carried out:
'Meetrapport van de modelproeven aan ronde en platbodem jachten'.
Hoek Design, Grote Kerkstraat 23, Edam. 'Meetrapport MSC Catamarans',
Marine Stmcture Consultants bv. Postbus 687, Schiedam. 'Hydrostatic- and Stability Calculations of the 14.20 meter
Cmiser CHRISTINA',
J. de Ridder - Yacht Design, Groenstraat 27, Vollenhove. 'Berekeningen ten behoeve van de
scheepsbewegingssimu-lator van TNO-IZF',
TNO-IZF, Postbus 23, Soesterberg.
'Full Scale Measurements with a Rotary-Wing Keel', Lumiflex Precision Eng., Amersfoort.
'Hellingproef aan boord van het zeiljacht GLORIA', Expertise en Taxatie Bureau J. de Vries Stadelaar, Sneek. 'Development of fmal Concept of the Bike H20 Bike'
Product Centmm TNO, Delft.
'Experiments and Calculations on four Wigley Hull Fonns' University of Michigan, USA.
8. RESEARCH
The mam theme of the research activities of the Delft Shiphydromechanics Laboratory is the optimization of the Hydro-mechanic Behaviour of Ship and Marithue Structures.
The main research areas and topics in tliis field were:
Long- and Short-Term Wave-Induced Loads
(L.J.M. Adegeest)
Aim of the project
The aim of this project is to mvestigate the of the most significant nonlinear ship responses m head waves, i.e. the wave induced forces and moments in a hull cross section. From earlier experi-ments and full scale experiexperi-ments it is known that the nonlinearities in the vertical bending moments and shear forces occur as an increase of the loads in sagging condition and a slight decrease in hogging condition compared with a linear prediction of these re-sponses. In terms of harmonic components, an important contribu-tion to the wave induced loads arises from a zero offset and second, third and higher harmonic components.
The project is supported by the Royal Dutch Navy and has been started up in 1990.
Model tests
In 1990 a series of experunents has been set up in order to investi-gate the various force contributions and rate of nonlinearities in the varies test conditions.
The wave force measurements as performed in 1991 have been contmued with a series of experiments in irregular waves. The tests have been performed with a divided Wigley model.
The test series has been continued by vertical motion experiments in head waves for a Wigley hull.
From these experiments it appeared that the nonlinear behaviour of the motions was very small. The magnitude of the higher harmonic components in the motions was approximately of the same order as the incident wave.
Simulation model
The development of a simulation model for the simulation of large amplitude motions and loads has been continued in 1992.
The time domain code, called SIMMOLO (SIMulation of Motions and LOads) has been developed according the following approach: 1 First order radiation and diffraction forces are calculated in
the frequency domain for zero forward speed using a 3D panel code
2 The (2D) Salvesev-Tuck-Faltinsen forward speed formula-tion is apphed
3 Thew frequency domain results are transformed to the time domain by means of convolution integrals
4 A second order contribution of the forces due to radiation and diffraction has been derived by means of a Taylor series expansion
5 The Froude-Krillof forces are calculated by means of pressure integration over thje instantaneous wetted surface 6 The wetted surface is defined by the uistantaneous position
7 The accelerations are solved from the motion equations 8 Integration of the accelerations and velocities results in a
new position of the vessel
9 Additional forces can be applied such as rudder forces, propeller forces, viscous roll damping and so on
10 For all force components the distribution over the length of the hull is calculated in order to be able to compute the resulting loads in a hull cross section
11 The motions and loads can be visualized by means of a newly developed animation program
Verifications of vertical motions and loads have been performed. The first order motions and loads showed a very good agreement with the experiments as well as with Seawy, a 2D linear strip theory program.
Although the simulations showed a strong nonhnear behaviour of the bending moments and shear forces, the sunulated motions did hardly show any contribution from higher hannonics. A compari-son for the nonlinear, i.e. zero offset and second and third harmonics, effects in the bending moments and shear forces has not been perfonned yet. These experiments will be performed in 1993.
Future work
In the near future, bendmg moment and shear force measurements wül be performed for two Wigley models. One model wül be the original Wigley with vertical ordinates above the mean water level. A second vatiant wiU be extrapolated above the mean water level with additional bow flare.
After these experiments the effect of additional bow flare on the bending moments can be quantified. Comparison wül be made with
the numerical results. Furthermore it will be investigated how the nonlinear behaviour effects the probability distribution functions of the bending moments over a long period.
Hydromechanic Manoeuvring Coefficients of a Wing Model.
(Ing. W. Beukelman)
A model of a surface-piercing wing has been towed through the water at three speeds in oppsosite directions for different draughts (aspect ratios) and angles of attack (drift angles), both in deep and shallow water to measure the longitudinal and transverse force on the wing model. These experiments have been accomplished now. From the forces, the lift and drag characteristics have been derived as function of the angle of attack.
Preliminary calculations based on the potential theory and the vari-ation of the added mass impulse were carried out to detennine the lift force. Encouraging results in comparison with the measure-ments have been achieved. A report about the Uft and drag charac-teristics of such a low aspect ratio wing wül be published very soon.
Except these staüc measurements, forced horizontal motion tests with a planar motion mechanism (PMM) have also been performed to determine the manoeuvring coefficients for a wing model. These results will be reported separately in the future.
Manoeuvrability of Planing Ships.
(Ir. F.H.H.A. Quadvüeg)
Literature research has been carried out in the field of manoeu-vrabüity and course stability of planing and semi-planing ships. The aim was to get an overview of the developments m this field.
From literature, it seemed that various accidents have happened, due to a sudden broach or course instability. The parameters' playing a role in the manoeuvrability of planing and semi-planing ships have been discussed. The relation between the course stability and the trhn appeared to be very important. Therefore, it is looked after a mathematical model where the trim is related to the manoeuvrabiüty. No existmg mathematical model seemed to be direct applicable. Since the trrni is also related to the forward ship speed and the sinkage, it is recommended to create a six degree of freedom mathematical model to describe the manoeuvrabiüty of planing and semi-planing ships.
Yacht Research.
(Ir. J.A. Keuning)
For one ofthe Chaüenging Syndicates ofthe 1992 America's Cup extensive tests have been performed with one of their designs. In particular the optimum configuration of the wmglets on the bulb of the keel has been investigated and theü effect on the overall performance of the yacht.
In the field of systematic yacht research, polynomial expressions have been derived for use in Velocity Prediction Programs (VPP) to account for the added resistance in waves of sailmg yachts. This new approach makes it possible to incorporate the added resistance due to waves in a computer program such as VPP. This is one of the prime objects of research and interest of the America's Cup contenders as weU as of the International Measurement System (IMS) of the Offshore Racing Councü.
The results of the combined Delft Systematic Series have been ela-borated to yield new polynomial expressions for resistance, side-force, induced resistance, leeway and stabüity of an arbitrary huU. New and additional formulations have been found which fit much better to the experimental data. Extensive validation has been carried out with experimental data of sWps not belongmg to the
Series. The VPP Delft has been completely revised to incorporate all these results of the Delft Systematic Series.The results have been pubUshed and presented on two symposia.
T R U E WIHD A N G L E 9 0 °
Dynamic Cavitation on Foils.
(Ir. H.J. de Koning Gans)
The development of a panel method with curved panels and non-linear singularity distributions gomg on. Numerical evaluation of the results is still to be completed. An evaluation of the various elements influencing the accuracy is bemg made.
A method for the calculation of unsteady cavitation has been de-veloped and programmed. Based on experiences with higher order panels and distributions, a fonuulation in curved coordinates was developed. This formulation has not been programmed yet.
A stability analysis shows that an oscillating solution is not possible without artificial measures. The development of a cavity in its initial stage was calculated. These calculations confirmed the fact that no unsteady solution exists. The calculations still require a thorough evaluation and methods to stabilize the solution are being sought.
*** Safety of Ro-Ro Ships.
(Ir. J.M.J. Journée)
Together with TNO-CMC, a new project on the safety of Ro-Ro ships has been started in 1990. Based on theory and model experi-ments, a calculation model DYNING has been developed. Tliis program calculates the behaviour of a vessel after a sudden ingress of water due to a collision.
A feasibihty study has been carried out to improve this computer program. For this and for vahdation purposes, a new series of experiments will be carried out with a ship model of a "typical ferry". The results wül probably be published on the STAB'94 Conference.
Ship Design.
(Ing. A. Versluis)
Polynomials of the transverse stabiüty of yachts, dependmg on the huUfonn and the forward ship speed, have been computed. New polynomials of the upright resistance were computed as weU, after a third series of model tests.
For a series of 12 yachts, computation of the added resistance m waves has been carried out with the SEAWAY program.
Polynomial coefficients of the added resistance, dependhig on the length-displacement ratio and the longitudinal moment of inertia have been determined.
These polynomial coefficients have been incorporated m the "Delft Velocity Prediction Program". With this program, the velocity of yachts can be predicted for various wind and sea conditions.
Hydrodynamic Aspects of Moored Semi-Submersibles in Extreme Seas.
(A. Kr. Dev, MSc.)
The research is directed to determine the mean drift force due to viscous contributions for floating stmctures like moored semi-submersibles in waves-only fields as well as in wave-current inter-action fields. The basic theory has been generated by treating a vertical, surface piercing cyhnder, resembling the vertical columns of a semi-submersible. Experimental verification has also validated the fact that due to the wave stretching zone (splash zone) of the cylinder, such viscous mean drift force do exist. Both theoretical and experimental works have been reported. Though fuUy sub-merged bodies, e.g. pontoons of a semi-submersible, do not contri-bute to the horizontal mean forces, preparation for experimental investigations is undertaken to address whether or not other contributions like the viscous one do exist.
The developed theory can also be appUed for a complete semi-submersible for regular waves in the frequency domain by em-ploying an appropriate relative motion/velocity concept at each column provided the interactions between the columns are neglected and the trigonometric method is considered sufficient. On the other hand, a time domain solution would be more practical for both regular and irregular waves and its formation is in progress. For use as a quick design tool, the theory for irregular waves in the frequency domain is also under consideration.
Ship Motions.
(Ir. J.M.J. Joumée)
The results of extended model experiments with rectangular barges, carried out in 1990 and 1991, have been analyzed and reported. The previous experimental results have been used to vaUdate the linear potential theory frequency domain 2-D computer program SEAWAY and the 3-D computer programs WAMIT and DELFRAC.
The frequency domam ship motions program SEAWAY has been fully revised. New theoretical and user manuals have been written. With respect to shipping water, special attention has been paid to the dynamical swell up. These results will also be used in a time domain simulation program for cutter suction dredgers, anchored ships, etc. For the various time domain calculations, the pre-processing program SEAWAY-D has been updated. Also, tliis pro-gram dehvers Unear manoeuvring potential coefficients now. The time domain computer program SEATIME, which calculates the (non-)luiear motions of moored or free-floating ships at zero forward speed, and which uses a number of SEAWAY routines, has been revised too. A validation study of the calculated data has been started. In a later stage, the forward ship speed will be miplemented.
The new fast ship motions program SEAQUICK, delivers the ship designer specific infomiation about ship motions, velocities, accelerations, added resistance, propeller racing, shipping green water and slamming. This program has been tested and the results have been reported on the PRADS'92 Conference.
In cooperation with the University of Michigan (USA) and the Panel H-5 of the Hydrodynamics Committee of the SNAME exten-sive experimental research on forced vertical oscillations and wave loads, added resistances and motions in head waves has been carried out with four Wigley hullforms.
The experimental data have been compared with the results of several 2-D and 3-D computer programs. This part of the project
has been terminated with a comprehensive report with all experi-mental data and the results of the comparative study. Further research and computer simulation will be continued.
Dynamics of Fast Ships.
(Ir. J.A. Keuning)
The results of the systematic series of planing huU fonns with 12.5, 25 and 30 degrees deadrise angle of the planmg bottom have been completely reanalysed to obtain better polynomial expressions for sinkage, trim and resistance. This was proven to be important for a proper calculation of the motions of fast ships in waves.
A lack of data has been found which makes an extension of the series in the near future desirable. The code FASTSHIP for the calculation of the motions of fast monohuUs in irregular head waves using nonlinear time domain simulation has been modified to contain new expressions for the determination of dynamic lift, bouyancy forces and wave forces. Extensive validation of the code with experiments has been performed after which some modifications to the code have been made. An extensive study has been performed to demonstrate the difference between a optimisation of a fast hull with respect to seakeeping behaviour using the normal linear strip theory approach and a nonlinear approach using FASTSHIP. In this study it was shown that extra effort in using the nonlinear simulation technique is unavoidable if accurate prediction of motions (and hence the opthnisation) is required. It was shown that using Unear prediction tools may even lead to reverse trends.
Human Performance.
(Ir. J.A. Keuning)
In 1992 fuU scale experiments have been carried out on board of an S-class frigate of the Royal Dutch Navy. Purpose of the expe-riment was to obtain infonnation on the relation between the mo-tions of the vessel in a seaway and the weU-being of the saUors aboard the ship. After 14 days of measurements under widely varying conditions a marked relation between the two could be estabUshed. During the days at sea aU motions have been mea-sured contmuously with the aid of a new measurement device puposely developed for tliis goal by the Delft Shiphydromechanics Laboratory. The weU-being of the saUors was assesed by means of a new method developed by the Institute for Perception of TNO Soesterberg. In 1993 the experiments wiU be extended by using the newly estabUshed human osciUator at TNO.
Generation of Irregular Waves with Desired Properties.
(Ir. J. Ooms)
Results of this project have partly been reported. Due to a lack of persomiel, progress of this project is slow.
***
3-Dimensional Diffraction Program DELFRAC.
(Prof. dr. ir. J.A. Pinkster)
The effect of forward speed based on a formulation by Faltinsen, Salvesen and Tuck has been implemented and some preliminary computations have been carried out. Complete implementation will require a major reorganization of the program. A proposal to develop a computational method which incorporates forward speed in a more correct way has been fonnulated and submitted to Burgers Centre.
The computational Method has been extended to be able take into account the effects of directional spreading of waves on the second order wave forces actmg on floating structures in waves.
The program DELFRAC has been installed in the CONVEX computer of the university in order to be able to carry out com-putations for larger numbers of panels and to enable the program to be used by other researchers in the department and for special custom modules to be incorporated.
In 1992 a project to determine the required thrust of a 60,000 ton dynamically positioned pipe-laying vessel was carried out in co-operation with AUseas Engineering DeUt, making use of the second order wave force calculation for directionaUy spread seas.
Ship Motions and Added Resistance in Following Waves.
(Ir. P.F. van Terwisga)
Model tests and calculations of motions and added resistance have been carried out for two models of the Systematic Yacht Series m following waves. The 2-D striptheory approach showed that although the prediction of motions is satisfactory, the added resistance calculated by the Gerritsma and Beukelman method, as well as the Boese method shows large deviations from the measured results.
Quasistatic wave force measurements, calculations with a higher order time domain calulation model, and a zero order model showed that Froude-Krylov forces are dominant at lower ship-length/wavelength ratios. The deviations between measurements and calculations for one of the investigated models, have led to further research, comprising model tests on a third model and inclusion of calm water trim and sinkage characteristics in the calculation model.
Interaction Effects in the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Cata-marans.
(Ir. P.F. van Terwisga)
Experiments have been performed with a segmented model oscil-latmg near the towing tank wall to investigate the influence of forward speed, frequency of oscillation, and distance between the hulls (distance between the hull-tank wall doubled) on the distribution of hydrodynamic forces over the length of the model. Also these tests have been performed in head waves for a range of frequencies of encounter, with the model restricted in all modes of motion. A shnple mathematical model is under development, which takes these effects into account.
9. R E S E A R C H F A C I L I T I E S O F T H E S H I P H Y D R O -M E C H A N I C S L A B O R A T O R Y
For experimental research the Ship hydromechanics Laboratoiy has at its disposal of the following facihties:
T O W I N G TANK: N O . 1 Length Width Water-depth 142.00 m 4.22 m 2.50 m Carriage Carriage speed Capabilities
manned, motor driven 7.00 m/s (maxhnum)
Horizontal and Vertical PMM can be fitted
Wavemaker type Wavelength
flap type, electronic/hydraulic
length 0.30 - 6.00 m, regular and irregular
Tests perfonned
bodies, foils etc.
Resistance in calm water and waves. Open Water Propeller test.
PMM-test on floating and submerged Wave induced motions and loads on ships and floating and moored structures
Slamming phenomena.
TOWING TANK NO. 2 Length Width Water-depth 85.00 m 2.75 m L25 m Carriage Carriage speed
manned, motor driven 3.00 m/s (maximum)
Wavemalcer type Wave length
flap type, electronic/hydrauhc
length 0.40 - 6.50 m, regular and irregular
Test performed Resistance and self-propulsion in calm water and waves.
Open Water Propeller tests.
Wave inducec motions and loads on ships and floating and moored stmctures upright and heeled sailing yacht tests.
CAVITATION TUNNEL
Facility : Kempf und Remmers, closed recirculation tunnel.
Drive system : 4-bladed axial flow propeller with Ward Leonard control.
Motor Power : 15 Kw, (total) - 2920 rpm. Pressures : 102 kPa (max) - 11 kPa (min)
Instrumentation : Propeller dynamometer, 5-hole pitot-tube, various pressure sensors. Laser Doppler
Anemometry.
Type and location of torque and thrust
dynamometer : balance T- and Q dynamometer at the end of propeller shaft,
Tmax 400 N , Q,max 10 Nm.
Propeller or model
size range : Propeller diameters from 50 - 160 mm.
Tets perfonned : Propeller tests in uniform flows. Forces and pressure distributions on rudder, fms etc.
10. REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS OF THE SHIP HYDROMECHANICS LABORATORY
Journée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'Quick Strip Tiieory Calculations in Sliip Design'
Practical Design of Ships and Mobile Units, PRADS'92, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 17-22 May 1992, U.K.
Report No. 902-P-1992, TU Delft. Joumée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'Experiments and Calculations on Four Wigley Hullforms', Report No. 909-1992, ISBN: 90-370-0064-9/MEMT: 21, TU Delft Joumée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'SEAWAY - Delft, User Manual of Release 4.00', Report No. 910-1992, TU Delft.
Joumée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'Supporting Programs of SEAWAY User Manual of Release 4.00', Report No. 911-1992, TU Delft.
Joumée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'Strip Theory Algorithms'. (Revised Report, 1992),
Report No. 912-1992, ISBN: 90-370-0068-1/MEMT: 24, TUDelft Onnink, R.,
'Meetrapport van modelproeven aan ronde en platbodem jachten'. In opdracht van: Hoek Design, Edam,
Rapport No. 913-0-1992, TU Delft. Koning Gans, Ir. H . de,
'Het verzenden van DOS-files op de PC naar UNIX-fdes op de SUN en ontvangen van UNIX-fdes op de SUN naar DOS-fües op de PC', Report No. 914-M-1992, TU Delft.
Schalk, Ir. M . van,
'Enige op het marlcenneer gemeten golfspectra'. Rapport No. 915-M-1992, TU Delft.
Schaik, Ir. M . van,
'Handleiding bij het prestatieberekemngs-programma voor ronde-en platbodem jachtronde-en, PLATPRES',
Rapport No. 916-M-1992, TU Delft. Adegeest, Ir. L.J.M.,
The Joint Probability Density Function for Ship's Heading, Significant Wave Height and Model Wave Period',
Report No. 917-M-1992, TU Delft. Keuning, Ir. J.A.,
'Non Linear Heave and Pitch Motions of Fast Ships in Irregular Head Seas',
Intersociety High Performance Marine Vehicle Conference and Exhibit, HPMV-1992, American Soc. of Naval Eng. Inc., USA, Report No. 918-P-1992, TU Delft.
Keuning, Ir. J.A.,
'Meetrapport MSC Catamarans',
In opdracht van: Marme Structure Consultants bv, Schiedam, Rapport No. 919-0-1992, TU Delft.
Quadvüeg, F.H.H.A.,
'Non Linear Motions of Planing Ships', Student thesis. Report No. 920-S-1992, TU Dehit.
Beukelman, Ing. W.,
'Hydrodynamic Aspects of Marine Safety',
1st Joint Conference on Marine Safety and Envnomnent - Ship production. Symposium 150 Years TU Deüt, 1-5 June 1992, Delft Report No. 921-P-1992, TU Detft.
Versluis, Ing. A.,
'Hydrostatic- and Stability Calculations ofthe 14.20 meter Cruiser CHRISTINA',
Commissioned by: Jac. de Ridder - Yacht Design, Vollenhove, Report No. 922-0-1992, TU Delft.
Koning Gans, Ir. H. de,
'A Higher Order Panel Method for Potential Flow around an Arbitrary Body',
Report No. 923-1992, TU Delft.
Pinkster, Prof.dr.ir. J.A. and Ir. R.H.M. Huijsmans, 'Wave Drift Forces in Shallow Water',
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the Behaviour of Offshore Structures, BOSS-1992, 7-10 July, London, England, Report No. 924-P-1992, TU Delft.
Gerritsma, Prof.ir. J., Ir. J.A. Keuning and R. Onnink, 'Sayling Yacht Performance in Calm Water and in Waves',
12th International Symposium on 'Yacht Design and Yacht Construction' HISWA, 12 and 13 November 1992, Amsterdam, Report No. 925-P-1992, TU Delft.
Dev, Arun K., BScEngg. MSc. CEng.,
'Hydrodynamic Aspects of Moored Semi-Submersibles', (A Literature Study),
Report No. 926-1992, TU Delft. Dev, Arun K., BScEngg. MSc. CEng.,
'Evaluation of Viscous Mean Drift Forces on a Vertical Cylinder in Waves and Currents',
Dev, Arun K., BScEngg. MSc. CEng.,
"Experimental Investigation of Viscous Mean Forces on a Fixed Vertical Circular Cylinder in Waves and Currents',
Part 1: Record Data, Part 2: Plots and prepared Tables, Report No. 928-1992, TU Delft.
Pinkster, Prof.dr.ir. J.A.,
'Statistical Aspects of the Behaviour of Moored Floating Structures',
MARIN Jubilee Meetmg, Developments m Marme technology, 10 Hydrodynamics: Computations, Model Tests and ReaUty, May 1992, Wageningen, The netheriands.
Report No. 929-P-1992, TU Delft. Keuning, Ir. J.A.,
'Nonlmear Motions of Fast Ships and the Effect on Operability', MARIN Jubilee Meetmg, Developments m Marme technology,
10 Hydrodynamics: Computations, Model Tests and Reahty, May 1992, Wageningen, The netheriands,
Report No. 930-P-1992, TU Delft.
Miedema, Dr.k. S.A., Ir. J.M.J. Joumée and Ir. S. Schuunuans, 'On the Motions of a Seagomg Cutter Dredge',
A Study of Continuity,
Xmth World Dredging Congress 1992, Univ. of Bombay, India, Report No. 931-P-1992, TU Delft.
Ooms, ir. J.,
'Berekeningen ten behoeve van de scheepsbewegingssimulator van TNO-IZF',
In opdracht van; TNO-IZF, Soesterberg, rapport No. 932-0-1992, TU Delft.
Adegeest, Ir. L.J.M.,
'Modelling of the Probabüistic Input for a Non-linear Wave-Load Simulation Model',
Report No. 933-1992, TU Delft. Beukelman, Ing. W.,
'Hydrodynamic Aspects of Ship Safety',
First international Conference in Commemoration of the 300-th Anniversary of Creating Russian Fleet by Peter the Great, 1992, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Report No. 934-P-1992, TU Delft Ooms, Ir. J.,
'Full Scale Measurements with a Rotary-Wing Keel', Commissioned by: Limiflex Precision Engineermg, Report No. 935-0-1992, TU Deift.
Adegeest, Ir. L.J.M.,
Report of Workshop a Hydrodynamical Loads', MARIN Order No. P40008d,
Report No. 936-M-1992, TU Delft. 'Annual Report 1991',
Report No. 937-1992, Ship hydromechanics Laboratory, TU Delft. QuadvUeg, Ir. F.H.H.A.,
'Manoeuvreerbaarheid en dynamische stabüiteit bij snelle Mono-HuUs',
Rapport No. 939-1992, TU Delft. Koning Gans, Ir. H. de,
'A Brief Introduction of Curvüinear Coordinates with help of Tensor Calculus',
Dragt, J.P.,
'Surfen van schepen'. Het gedrag van kleme schepen m hoge achterinkomende golven. Afstudeerwerk,
Rapport No. 941-S-1992, TU Delft. Joumée, Ir. J.M.J.,
'Bewegingen van konstmkties in golven', Kollegediktaat X2MT1,
Rapport No. 942-K-1992, TU Delft. Dev, Arun K., BScEngg. MSc. CEng.,
'Experimental Investigations of Viscous Mean Drift Forces on a Fixed Vertical Ckcular Cylinder in Waves and Currents',
Part 3 and 4: Record Data and Prepared Tables, Report No. 943- 1992, TU Delft.
Luth, H.R.,
'The Hydrodynamic Design of a Low Frequency Ship Motions Damping Device', Student thesis.
Report No. 944-S-1992, TU Deift. Pinkster, prof.dr.ir. J.A.,
'Full Scale Measurements',
Advanced Design for Ships and Offshore Floating Systems 1992, University of Glasgow, Scotland,
Report no. 945-P-1992, TU Delft. Pinkster, prof dr.ir. J.A.,
'Model testing of Ships and Offshore Stmctures',
Advanced Design for Ships and Offshore Floatmg Systems 1992, University of Glasgow, Scotland,
Pinkster, prof.dr.ir. J.A.,
'Design and Analysis of Station Keeping Systems: D.P. Systems' Advanced Design for Sliips and Offshore Floatmg Systems 1992 ' University of Glasgow, Scotland,
Report no. 947-P-1992, TU Delft. Lesterhuis, Johannes B.,
'Three Dimensional Diffraction Calculation of Axi-Symmetric Bodies by Hybrid Ring-Elements', Student thesis.
Report No. 948-S-1992, TU Delft. Heer, P.W. de, edited by,
'Papers on Shiphydromechanics' by Ing. W. Beukelman, Volume I , n, m, IV and V (Special Edition),
Report No. 950-P-1992, Shiphydromechanics Lab., TU Delft. Heer, P.W. de,
'Symposium' gehouden op 23 October 1992 in verband met het bereiken van de pensioengrechtigde leeftijd van Ing. W. Beukehnan
'Onderzoek aan jachten' door Prof.k. J. Gerritsma 'Hydrodynamische aspecten met betrekkening tot de
scheeps manoeuvreerbaarheid' door Dr.ir, J.P. Hooft 'Toegevoegde weerstand m golven: hydrodynamische
in-zichten toepassen in het scheepsontwerp' door k. J.J. Blok Rapport No. 949-P-1992, Scheepshydromechanica, TU Delft. Ooms, Ir. J.,
'Hellingproef a.b. zeiljacht GLORIA',
In opdracht van: Expertise en Taxatie Bureau, J. de Vries Stadelaar, Sneek,
Terwisga, Ir. P.F. van,
'Development of Final Concept of the Bike H20 BIKE', Commissioned by: Product Centrum TNO, Delft, Report No. 952-0-1992, TU Delft.
Koning Gans, Ir. H. de,
'Time Dependent Sheet Cavitation in a Potential Flow' Report No. 953-1992, TU Delft.
Binkhorst, B.J.,
'Een vergelijking van mast-top versus fractionele tuigages van zeiljachten via berekeningen met een Vortex-Lattice Methode', Afstudeerwerk HTS Haarlem,
Rapport No. 954-S-1992, TU Delft. Koning Gans, Ir. H . de,
'An Introduction to a Higher Order Panel Method Based on Curvilinear Coordinates',
Report No. 955-1992, TU Delft.
Wertheim, A.H., J. Ooms, G.P. de Regt and C L E . Wientjes, 'Incidence and Severeness of Sea-Sickness: Validation of a Rat'mg Scale',
TNO-IZF 1992-A-41,
Report No. 957-M-1992, TU Delft.
Graaf, B. de, W. Bles, J. Ooms and E. Douwes,
'Exploratory Study with a Sea-Sickness Questionaire on Hr Ms Frigate TROMP',
TNO-IZF 1992-A-l,
Keuning, Ir. J.A., Prof.ir.J. Gerritsma and Ir. P.F. van Terwisga, 'Resistance Tests of a Series Planing Hull Fonns with 30 Degrees Deadrise Angle, and a Calculation Model Based on this Similar Systematic Series',
Report No. 959-1992, TU Delft.
Report not marked with ^ or ^ can be ordered by mail or fax at a price of Dfl. 2 5 , = each plus V A T (at present 6%) and mailing expenses by P.W. de Heer, Librarian. An invoice will be included; please do not send payment in advance.
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