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Laboratorium 4. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza. Podstawy in»ynierii wiedzy

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Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza

Wydziaª Elektrotechniki, Automatyki, Informatyki i Elektroniki Kierunek Informatyka Stosowana

Podstawy in»ynierii wiedzy

Laboratorium 4

Resource Description Framework (RDF) in use

Sebastian Gacek, Šukasz Zie«kowski

Kraków, 22 maja 2012

(2)

1 Semantic vocabularies: Dublin Core

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<rdf:RDF

xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:lib="http://example.org/mylibrary#">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-siewcawiatru">

<dc:author>Maia Lidia Kossakowska</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Siewca Wiatru</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2004-01-16</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-jakzyc">

<dc:author>ks. Jozef Tishner</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Jak zyc</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1994-09-01</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-zyciprzetrwac">

<dc:author>Robin Skynner</dc:author>

<dc:author>John Cleese</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Zyc i przetrwac</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1993-04-23</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-elekdlakazd">

<lib:Authors rdf:parseType="Collection">

<dc:author>Earl Boysen</dc:author>

<dc:author>Harry Kybett</dc:author>

</lib:Authors>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Elektronika dla kazdego. Przewodnik</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2012-05-03</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#cd-metallica_mop">

<dc:artist>Metallica</dc:artist>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Muster of puppets</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1986-03-03</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#cd-lp_metheora">

<dc:artist>Linkin Park</dc:artist>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Metheora</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2003-08-17</dc:publicationDate>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#myfavouritebooks">

<rdf:Bag>

<rdf:li rdf:resource=http://example.org/mylibrary#book-jakzyc">

<rdf:li rdf:resource=http://example.org/mylibrary#book-siewcawiatru">

</rdf:Bag>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#myfavouritebooks">

<lib:MultipleBooks rdf:parseType="Collection">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-zyciprzetrwac"/>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-elekdlakazd"/>

</lib:MultipleBooks>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

(3)

2 RDFSchema

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<rdf:RDF

xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

xmlns:lib="http://example.org/mylibrary#">

<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="MultimediaItem" />

<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Literature">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#MultimediaItem"/>

<rdfs:label>Books</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:comment>Class of all books in my library.</rdfs:comment>

</rdfs:Class>

<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="Music">

<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#MultimediaItem"/>

<rdfs:label>Music CDs</rdfs:label>

<rdfs:comment>Class of all the CDs in my library.</rdfs:comment>

</rdfs:Class>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-siewcawiatru">

<dc:author>Maia Lidia Kossakowska</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Siewca Wiatru</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2004-01-16</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Literature"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-jakzyc">

<dc:author>ks. Jozef Tishner</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Jak zyc</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1994-09-01</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Literature"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-zyciprzetrwac">

<dc:author>Robin Skynner</dc:author>

<dc:author>John Cleese</dc:author>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Zyc i przetrwac</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1993-04-23</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Literature"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-elekdlakazd">

<lib:Authors rdf:parseType="Collection">

<dc:author>Earl Boysen</dc:author>

<dc:author>Harry Kybett</dc:author>

</lib:Authors>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Elektronika dla kazdego. Przewodnik</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2012-05-03</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Literature"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#cd-metallica_mop">

<dc:artist>Metallica</dc:artist>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Muster of puppets</dc:title>

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">1986-03-03</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Music"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#cd-lp_metheora">

<dc:artist>Linkin Park</dc:artist>

<dc:title rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Metheora</dc:title>

(4)

<dc:publicationDate rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date">2003-08-17</dc:publicationDate>

<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://example.org/mylibrary#Music"/>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#myfavouritebooks">

<rdf:Bag>

<rdf:li rdf:resource=http://example.org/mylibrary#book-jakzyc">

<rdf:li rdf:resource=http://example.org/mylibrary#book-siewcawiatru">

</rdf:Bag>

</rdf:Description>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#myfavouritebooks">

<lib:MultipleBooks rdf:parseType="Collection">

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-zyciprzetrwac"/>

<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://example.org/mylibrary#book-elekdlakazd"/>

</lib:MultipleBooks>

</rdf:Description>

</rdf:RDF>

3 SPARQL

1. What semantic vocabularies are used in the queries? What are they for?

-FOAF -Dublin Core -Project Vocabulary

2. What do SELECT queries do?

Zapytanie SELECT zwraca w formie tabeli inforamcje które speªniaj¡ kryterium wyszukiwania.

3. What do CONSTRUCT queries do?

Zapytanie CONSTRUCT sªuzy do stworzenia grafu RDF, w tym celu tworzy pomocniczo trójki (triples) RDF

4 SPARQL queries

1. friends who have name and e-mail defined

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?mbox WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name .

?x foaf:mbox ?mbox }

2. friends who have name and e-mail defined and optional homepage PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?mbox ?homepage WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name.

?x foaf:mbox ?mbox .

OPTIONAL {?x foaf:homepage ?homepage}

}

3. friends who have name and e-mail defined and optional homepage, sorted by name descending

(5)

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?mbox ?homepage WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name.

?x foaf:mbox ?mbox .

OPTIONAL {?x foaf:homepage ?homepage}

}ORDER BY DESC(?name)

4. people whose name starts with 'K'

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name .

FILTER regex(?name, "^K") }

5. people who are older than 18 years old

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?age WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name .

?x foaf:age ?age

FILTER (xsd:decimal(?age) > 18) }

6. people whose name starts with 'K' or are older than 18 years old, make search caseinsensitive PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?age WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name .

?x foaf:age ?age

FILTER (xsd:decimal(?age) > 18 || regex(?name,'^K','i')).

}

7. people having e-mails on student.agh.edu.pl server

PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?mbox WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name .

?x foaf:mbox ?mbox

FILTER regex(?mbox, "student.agh.edu.pl", "i") }

(6)

8. name of people, who have homepage or e-mail on student.agh.edu.pl server PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?mbox ?page WHERE {

?x rdf:type foaf:Person .

?x foaf:name ?name . {?x foaf:mbox ?mbox

FILTER regex(?mbox, .*student.agh.edu.pl$, "i") } UNION

{?x foaf:homepage ?page

FILTER regex(?page, ^http://student.agh.edu.pl.*, "i")}

}

5 Open Data Sets

Gªównymi czynnikami które ograniczaj¡ obecnie u»yteczno±¢ wykorzystywania zapyta« do baz danych opartych na RDF to:

-stosunkowo maªa ilo±c sklasykowanej wiedzy(w porównaniu z np. wikipedi¡) -mo»liwo±¢ wykostywania ró»nych opisów ontologi

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