Vol. 15, No. 2008
Vol. 15, No. 2008
1 Department of Grassland, Agricultural University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31–120 Kraków, Department of Grassland, Agricultural University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 21, 31–120 Kraków, Poland, email: rrgolab@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Poland, email: rrgolab@cyf-kr.edu.pl
Beata GRYGIERZEC Beata GRYGIERZEC1
CONTENT OF MONOSACCHARIDES DEPENDING CONTENT OF MONOSACCHARIDES DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE AMOUNT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
IN VARIOUS CULTIVARS OF
IN VARIOUS CULTIVARS OF Lolium multifl orum olium multifl orum L. L.
AND
AND Poa pratensis oa pratensis L. L.
ZAWARTOŚĆ CUKRÓW PROSTYCH W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD WIELKOŚCI ZAWARTOŚĆ CUKRÓW PROSTYCH W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD WIELKOŚCI
NAWOŻENIA AZOTOWEGO W WYBRANYCH ODMIANACH NAWOŻENIA AZOTOWEGO W WYBRANYCH ODMIANACH
Lolium multifl orumolium multifl orum L. I L. I Poa pratensisoa pratensis L. L.
Summary:
Summary: The research was conducted in 2005–2006 at the Plant Breeding Station in Skrzeszowice near The research was conducted in 2005–2006 at the Plant Breeding Station in Skrzeszowice near Krakow (220 m a.s.l.). The experiment, set up with a randomized block design in four replications, was used Krakow (220 m a.s.l.). The experiment, set up with a randomized block design in four replications, was used for hay-making and cut three times during the growing season. The studies considered three
for hay-making and cut three times during the growing season. The studies considered three Lolium multi-Lolium multi- fl orum
fl orum cultivars (Atos, Gaza and Tur) and three cultivars of cultivars (Atos, Gaza and Tur) and three cultivars of Poa pratensisPoa pratensis (Duna, Skiz and Slezanka). The (Duna, Skiz and Slezanka). The experiment aimed to assess the cultivars of selected grass species with respect to their monosaccharide con- experiment aimed to assess the cultivars of selected grass species with respect to their monosaccharide con- centrations depending on the amount of applied nitrogen fertilization (90, 120 and 150 kg · ha
centrations depending on the amount of applied nitrogen fertilization (90, 120 and 150 kg · ha−1−1).).
Lolium multifl orum
Lolium multifl orum cultivars revealed an about twice higher mean weighed content of monosaccharides in cultivars revealed an about twice higher mean weighed content of monosaccharides in comparison with
comparison with Poa pratensisPoa pratensis. Tetraploid . Tetraploid Lolium multifl orumLolium multifl orum cultivars (Atos and Gaza) had between 9 and cultivars (Atos and Gaza) had between 9 and 31 % higher sugar concentrations than the diploid Tur cultivar. The highest content of water soluble carbohydra- 31 % higher sugar concentrations than the diploid Tur cultivar. The highest content of water soluble carbohydra- tes was assessed in plants fertilized with the lowest dose of nitrogen (Gaza cv. – 171.3 g · kg
tes was assessed in plants fertilized with the lowest dose of nitrogen (Gaza cv. – 171.3 g · kg−1−1 d.m. and Skiz c. d.m. and Skiz c.
v. – 82.6 g · kg
v. – 82.6 g · kg−1−1 d.m.). The lowest content of the analysed components was determined in plants as a result d.m.). The lowest content of the analysed components was determined in plants as a result of treatment with 150 kg · ha
of treatment with 150 kg · ha−1 −1 nitrogen dose (Tur c.v. – 56.5 g · kgnitrogen dose (Tur c.v. – 56.5 g · kg−1−1 d.m. and Duna c.v. – 40.2 g · kg d.m. and Duna c.v. – 40.2 g · kg−1−1 d.m.). d.m.).
Keywords
Keywords: monosaccharides, fertizliation, cultivars, : monosaccharides, fertizliation, cultivars, Lolium multifl orum Lolium multifl orum L., L., Poa pratensis Poa pratensis L.L.
Water soluble carbohydrates reveal considerable variability in grass plants because Water soluble carbohydrates reveal considerable variability in grass plants because their synthesis to a great extent depends on various habitat conditions and mineral fer- their synthesis to a great extent depends on various habitat conditions and mineral fer- tilization particularly with nitrogen. Their content may also be a feature associated with tilization particularly with nitrogen. Their content may also be a feature associated with a species and even with a cultivar [1]. Monosaccharides are located mainly in the plant a species and even with a cultivar [1]. Monosaccharides are located mainly in the plant aboveground parts, usually used as animal feed. However, considering how easily they aboveground parts, usually used as animal feed. However, considering how easily they are absorbed by all animal organisms and easiness with which they undergo hydrolysis are absorbed by all animal organisms and easiness with which they undergo hydrolysis in the alimentary tract, which is not without importance for animal metabolic processes, in the alimentary tract, which is not without importance for animal metabolic processes, it is crucial to determine the total amount of these compounds in a plant, since qualita- it is crucial to determine the total amount of these compounds in a plant, since qualita- tive diversifi cation is of secondary importance for the feeding value [2].
tive diversifi cation is of secondary importance for the feeding value [2].
The studies were conducted to assess the water soluble carbohydrate amounts in se- The studies were conducted to assess the water soluble carbohydrate amounts in se- lected feed cultivars of Italian ryegrass and meadow grass under the infl uence of diver- lected feed cultivars of Italian ryegrass and meadow grass under the infl uence of diver- sifi ed doses of mineral, particularly nitrogen fertilization.
sifi ed doses of mineral, particularly nitrogen fertilization.
Materials and methods Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted in 2005–2006 at the Małopolska Hodowla Roślin The experiment was conducted in 2005–2006 at the Małopolska Hodowla Roślin – HBP station in Skrzeszowice village near Krakow, at an altitude of 220 m a.s.l. Two – HBP station in Skrzeszowice village near Krakow, at an altitude of 220 m a.s.l. Two grass species were considered in the experiment: Italian ryegrass (
grass species were considered in the experiment: Italian ryegrass (Lolium multifl o-Lolium multifl o- rum
rum L.) and meadow grass (L.) and meadow grass (Poa pratensis Poa pratensis L.). Each species was represented by three L.). Each species was represented by three feed cultivars: Italian ryegrass by Atos, Gaza and Tur and meadow grass by Duna, Skiz feed cultivars: Italian ryegrass by Atos, Gaza and Tur and meadow grass by Duna, Skiz and Slezanka. The experiment was located on degraded chernozem developed from and Slezanka. The experiment was located on degraded chernozem developed from loess, revealing the following chemical properties: pH
loess, revealing the following chemical properties: pHKCl KCl – 7.3 and bioavailable: P – 50, – 7.3 and bioavailable: P – 50, K – 123 and Mg – 42 g · kg
K – 123 and Mg – 42 g · kg−1−1 of soil. The experiment was set up by the randomised of soil. The experiment was set up by the randomised block method in four replications and each plot area was 10 m
block method in four replications and each plot area was 10 m2 (1.35 x 7.40). The fi eld (1.35 x 7.40). The fi eld for seed sowing was prepared in late summer 2004 by means of a tillage unit composed for seed sowing was prepared in late summer 2004 by means of a tillage unit composed of an active harrow and toothed roller. Subsequently, mineral fertilizers were sown in of an active harrow and toothed roller. Subsequently, mineral fertilizers were sown in quantities dependent on the analyzed species and the assumed method of use. The exper- quantities dependent on the analyzed species and the assumed method of use. The exper- iment was used for green forage, thrice during the growing season. Mineral fertilization iment was used for green forage, thrice during the growing season. Mineral fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was dosed respectively: 60 kg N, 80 kg P with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was dosed respectively: 60 kg N, 80 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K
and 100 kg K2O · haO · ha−1−1 were used under Italian ryegrass in the year when its seeds were were used under Italian ryegrass in the year when its seeds were sown. 80 kg N, 60 kg P
sown. 80 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 100 kg K and 100 kg K2O · haO · ha−1 −1 were applied under meadow grass in were applied under meadow grass in the year when it was sown. Phosphorus and potassium treatment for Italian ryegrass in the year when it was sown. Phosphorus and potassium treatment for Italian ryegrass in the subsequent years was 80 kg P
the subsequent years was 80 kg P2O5 · ha· ha−1 −1 applied once in spring and 60 kg Kapplied once in spring and 60 kg K2O · haO · ha−1 −1 supplied after each cut (three days after harvest), whereas meadow grass cultivars re- supplied after each cut (three days after harvest), whereas meadow grass cultivars re- ceived 60 kg of P
ceived 60 kg of P2O5 5 and Kand K2O · haO · ha−1 −1 in spring and additionally 60 kg Pin spring and additionally 60 kg P2O5 · ha· ha−1−1 after after cut I. In the year of full use nitrogen fertilization, dosed 90, 120 and 150 kg · ha cut I. In the year of full use nitrogen fertilization, dosed 90, 120 and 150 kg · ha−1 −1 di-di- vided into three equal parts, was applied during growing season under each cut.
vided into three equal parts, was applied during growing season under each cut.
Basic seeds of the analyzed species of selected cultivars were sown in the following Basic seeds of the analyzed species of selected cultivars were sown in the following amounts: 35 kg · ha
amounts: 35 kg · ha−1 −1 of tetraploid 4n Italian ryegrass (Atos, Gaza), 25 kg · haof tetraploid 4n Italian ryegrass (Atos, Gaza), 25 kg · ha−1−1 of dip- of dip- loid 2n (Tur) and 15 kg · ha
loid 2n (Tur) and 15 kg · ha−1 −1 of meadow grass, at germination ability 100 % and row of meadow grass, at germination ability 100 % and row spacing 12 cm. The seeds were placed at the depth of about 1 cm, the paths between spacing 12 cm. The seeds were placed at the depth of about 1 cm, the paths between the plots were 30 cm wide. The sward was cut to a height of 5 cm in the year of seed the plots were 30 cm wide. The sward was cut to a height of 5 cm in the year of seed sowing. Weed control was maintained with 3 dm
sowing. Weed control was maintained with 3 dm3 · ha · ha−1−1 of Chwastox extra 300 SL at of Chwastox extra 300 SL at the tillering stage of seedlings. In the second year cultivation measures were the same the tillering stage of seedlings. In the second year cultivation measures were the same as in the fi rst. In each of the experimental years green mass was sampled at the full ear- as in the fi rst. In each of the experimental years green mass was sampled at the full ear- ing stage from the whole areas of individual plots by means of plant cutting to a height ing stage from the whole areas of individual plots by means of plant cutting to a height of 5 cm. Collected plant samples were dried to determine dry weight. Chemical analy- of 5 cm. Collected plant samples were dried to determine dry weight. Chemical analy- sis was conducted in mean weighted samples of the sward dry mass: dry mass was sis was conducted in mean weighted samples of the sward dry mass: dry mass was determined using the drier method at 105 °C and the monosaccharide content by the determined using the drier method at 105 °C and the monosaccharide content by the Luff-Schoorl method.
Luff-Schoorl method.
The annual precipitation total in Skrzeszowice over the period of the experiment The annual precipitation total in Skrzeszowice over the period of the experiment 2005–2006 fl uctuated from 564.5 to 601.5 mm and during growing season from 339.0 2005–2006 fl uctuated from 564.5 to 601.5 mm and during growing season from 339.0 to 458.5 mm. Mean annual temperatures reached between 6.6 – 6.7
to 458.5 mm. Mean annual temperatures reached between 6.6 – 6.7 ° °C and in the veg-C and in the veg- etation season and fl uctuated from 11.8 to 12.5 °C.
etation season and fl uctuated from 11.8 to 12.5 °C.
The value of the standard deviation (Sd) and the variation coeffi cient (V) were com- The value of the standard deviation (Sd) and the variation coeffi cient (V) were com- puted for the water soluble carbohydrates content in Italian ryegrass and meadow grass.
puted for the water soluble carbohydrates content in Italian ryegrass and meadow grass.
The paper presents mean results for the period of two years (2005–2006) of full use.
The paper presents mean results for the period of two years (2005–2006) of full use.
Results and discussion Results and discussion
In the sequence of species concerning saccharide concentrations in meadow plants In the sequence of species concerning saccharide concentrations in meadow plants compiled by Kozłowski et al. [3], Italian ryegrass occupies one of the initial posi- compiled by Kozłowski et al. [3], Italian ryegrass occupies one of the initial posi- tions on the list, whereas meadow grass is in the middle. Italian ryegrass is considered tions on the list, whereas meadow grass is in the middle. Italian ryegrass is considered a sweet grass. In the analyzed cultivars of Italian ryegrass water soluble saccharide con- a sweet grass. In the analyzed cultivars of Italian ryegrass water soluble saccharide con- centrations ranged from 56.5 to 171.3 g · kg
centrations ranged from 56.5 to 171.3 g · kg−1−1 of d.m. (Table 1), while in meadow grass of d.m. (Table 1), while in meadow grass cultivars the content of these compounds ranged from 39.7 to 83.4 g · kg
cultivars the content of these compounds ranged from 39.7 to 83.4 g · kg−1−1 of dry mass. of dry mass.
According to Brzóska et al [4] and Łyszczarz [5] monosaccharide concentrations are de- According to Brzóska et al [4] and Łyszczarz [5] monosaccharide concentrations are de- termined not only by species and cultivar traits but also by soil and weather conditions, termined not only by species and cultivar traits but also by soil and weather conditions, and by the quantity of fertilizers used, particularly nitrogen amounts. In the opinion and by the quantity of fertilizers used, particularly nitrogen amounts. In the opinion of Falkowski et al [2] nitrogen treatment causes accelerated growth and development of Falkowski et al [2] nitrogen treatment causes accelerated growth and development of plants, which in turn contributes to a decline in light intensity in the sward caus- of plants, which in turn contributes to a decline in light intensity in the sward caus- ing a diminishing of monosaccharide concentrations. The present research revealed that ing a diminishing of monosaccharide concentrations. The present research revealed that under the infl uence of lower fertilization 90 kg N · ha
under the infl uence of lower fertilization 90 kg N · ha−1−1 concentrations of water soluble concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates in Italian ryegrass was over twice higher (130.6 – 171.3 g · kg
carbohydrates in Italian ryegrass was over twice higher (130.6 – 171.3 g · kg−1−1 d.m.) d.m.) than as a result of 150 kg N · ha
than as a result of 150 kg N · ha−1−1 (56.5 – 70.2 g · kg (56.5 – 70.2 g · kg−1−1 d.m.). Italian ryegrass is consid- d.m.). Italian ryegrass is consid- ered a nitrophilous grass [6] therefore greater divergences in monosaccharide contents ered a nitrophilous grass [6] therefore greater divergences in monosaccharide contents in this species cultivars might have been found as a result of fertilization with 90 and in this species cultivars might have been found as a result of fertilization with 90 and 150 kg N · ha
150 kg N · ha−1−1 (between 74.1 and 101.1 g · kg (between 74.1 and 101.1 g · kg−1−1 d.m.) in comparison with meadow d.m.) in comparison with meadow grass cultivars (from 35.7 to 39.1 g · kg
grass cultivars (from 35.7 to 39.1 g · kg−1−1 d.m.). Among the analyzed Italian ryegrass d.m.). Among the analyzed Italian ryegrass cultivars, diploid Gaza revealed a considerable abundance in monosaccharides. A defi - cultivars, diploid Gaza revealed a considerable abundance in monosaccharides. A defi - nitely smaller amount of these compounds was assessed in the diploid Tur cultivar. On nitely smaller amount of these compounds was assessed in the diploid Tur cultivar. On the other hand among meadow grass cultivars the greatest amounts of monosaccharides the other hand among meadow grass cultivars the greatest amounts of monosaccharides were found in Skiz and the lowest in Duna c.v.
were found in Skiz and the lowest in Duna c.v.
Table 1 Table 1 Mean weighed content of monosaccharides in selected cultivars of Italian ryegrass
Mean weighed content of monosaccharides in selected cultivars of Italian ryegrass (LoliumLolium multifl orum multifl orum L.) and meadow grass (L.) and meadow grass (Poa pratensis Poa pratensis L.) depending on applied nitrogenL.) depending on applied nitrogen
fertilization dose [g · kg fertilization dose [g · kg−1 d.m.] d.m.]
Cultivars Cultivars
N–fertilization [kg · ha N–fertilization [kg · ha−1−1] 90
90 120120 150150
Years Years 2005
2005 20062006 20052005 20062006 20052005 20062006
Lolium multifl orum Lolium multifl orum L.L.
Atos Atos Gaza Gaza Tur Tur Sd Sd V [%]
V [%]
165.6 165.6 171.3 171.3 134.7 134.7 19.69 19.69 12.5 12.5
159.1 159.1 167.8 167.8 130.6 130.6 19.46 19.46 12.8 12.8
118.9 118.9 123.7 123.7 85.2 85.2 20.98 20.98 19.2 19.2
110.4 110.4 119.5 119.5 84.0 84.0 18.44 18.44 17.6 17.6
68.9 68.9 70.2 70.2 57.1 57.1 7.22 7.22 11.0 11.0
62.4 62.4 68.3 68.3 56.5 56.5 5.90 5.90 9.5 9.5
Table 1. cont.
Table 1. cont.
Cultivars Cultivars
N–fertilization [kg · ha N–fertilization [kg · ha−1−1] 90
90 120120 150150
Years Years 2005
2005 20062006 20052005 20062006 20052005 20052005
Poa pratensis Poa pratensis L.L.
Duna Duna Skiz Skiz Slezanka Slezanka
Sd Sd V [%]
V [%]
75.4 75.4 82.6 82.6 78.1 78.1 3.64 3.64 4.6 4.6
76.1 76.1 83.4 83.4 79.6 79.6 3.65 3.65 4.6 4.6
47.3 47.3 58.9 58.9 53.4 53.4 5.80 5.80 10.9 10.9
49.5 49.5 59.2 59.2 55.8 55.8 4.92 4.92 9.0 9.0
39.7 39.7 43.5 43.5 40.3 40.3 2.04 2.04 5.0 5.0
40.2 40.2 45.7 45.7 41.9 41.9 2.82 2.82 6.6 6.6
Conclusions Conclusions
1. Italian ryegrass cultivars contained about twice higher quantities of monosaccha- 1. Italian ryegrass cultivars contained about twice higher quantities of monosaccha- rides than meadow grass cultivars.
rides than meadow grass cultivars.
2. The greatest quantities of monosaccharides were assessed in cultivars of both spe- 2. The greatest quantities of monosaccharides were assessed in cultivars of both spe- cies under the infl uence of fertilization with a dose of 90 kg N · ha
cies under the infl uence of fertilization with a dose of 90 kg N · ha−1−1, where as the low-, where as the low- est concentrations were determined as a result of fertilization with 150 kg N · ha est concentrations were determined as a result of fertilization with 150 kg N · ha−1−1.
3. The highest concentrations of monosaccharides were assessed in Italian ryegrass 3. The highest concentrations of monosaccharides were assessed in Italian ryegrass cultivars in the fi rst year of use, while in meadow grass cultivars in the second.
cultivars in the fi rst year of use, while in meadow grass cultivars in the second.
4. Tetraploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass Atos and Gaza were more abundant in mon- 4. Tetraploid cultivars of Italian ryegrass Atos and Gaza were more abundant in mon- osaccharides in comparison with diploid Tur c.v.
osaccharides in comparison with diploid Tur c.v.
5. Among the analyzed cultivars, Atos c.v. revealed the greatest abundance in mon- 5. Among the analyzed cultivars, Atos c.v. revealed the greatest abundance in mon- osaccharides and Duna the smallest.
osaccharides and Duna the smallest.
References References
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[2] Falkowski M., Kukułka I. and Kozłowski S.:
[2] Falkowski M., Kukułka I. and Kozłowski S.: Właściwości chemiczne roślin łąkowych.Właściwości chemiczne roślin łąkowych. WYD???WYD???, Poz-, Poz- nań, 2000, 24–29.
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[3] Kozłowski S., Golińska B. and Goliński P.:
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[4] Brzóska F., Żywczok H. and Pasieka E.: Zawartość składników pokarmowych w trawach i ich straw-Zawartość składników pokarmowych w trawach i ich straw- ność.
ność. Rocz. Nauk. Zoot., 1986, Rocz. Nauk. Zoot., 1986, 1313(2), 141–155.(2), 141–155.
[5] Łyszczarz R.:
[5] Łyszczarz R.: Modelowe badania nad wpływem terminu zbioru pierwszego odrostu na wielkość i jakość Modelowe badania nad wpływem terminu zbioru pierwszego odrostu na wielkość i jakość plonu tymotki łąkowej ‘Kaba’.
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[6] Kozłowski S., Goliński P. and Golińska B.: Barwniki chlorofi lowe jako wskaźnik wartości użytkowej ga-Barwniki chlorofi lowe jako wskaźnik wartości użytkowej ga- tunków i odmian traw.
tunków i odmian traw. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 2001b, (474), 215–223. Zesz. Probl. Post. Nauk Rol., 2001b, (474), 215–223.
ZAWARTOŚĆ CUKRÓW
ZAWARTOŚĆ CUKRÓW PROSTYCH W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD WIELKOŚCI NAWOŻENIAPROSTYCH W ZALEŻNOŚCI OD WIELKOŚCI NAWOŻENIA AZOTOWEGO W WYBRANYCH ODMIANACH
AZOTOWEGO W WYBRANYCH ODMIANACH Lolium multiflorum olium multiflorum L. I L. I Poa pratensisoa pratensis L.L.
S t r e s z c z e n i e S t r e s z c z e n i e
Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2005–2006 w Stacji Hodowli Roślin w Skrzeszowicach koło Krakowa Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2005–2006 w Stacji Hodowli Roślin w Skrzeszowicach koło Krakowa (220 m n.p.m.). Doświadczenie założone metodą losowanych bloków w czterech powtórzeniach, użytkowano (220 m n.p.m.). Doświadczenie założone metodą losowanych bloków w czterech powtórzeniach, użytkowano
kośnie, stosując 3-krotne koszenie w sezonie wegetacyjnym. W badaniach uwzględniono trzy odmiany kośnie, stosując 3-krotne koszenie w sezonie wegetacyjnym. W badaniach uwzględniono trzy odmiany Lolium Lolium multifl orum
multifl orum L. (Atos, Gaza, Tur) oraz trzy odmiany L. (Atos, Gaza, Tur) oraz trzy odmiany Poa pratensisPoa pratensis L. (Duna, Siz, Slezanka). Badania miały na L. (Duna, Siz, Slezanka). Badania miały na celu ocenę odmian wybranych gatunków traw pod względem zawartości cukrów prostych w zależności od celu ocenę odmian wybranych gatunków traw pod względem zawartości cukrów prostych w zależności od ilości zastosowanego nawożenia azotowego (90, 120 i 150 kg · ha
ilości zastosowanego nawożenia azotowego (90, 120 i 150 kg · ha−1−1).).
Odmiany
Odmiany Lolium multifl orumLolium multifl orum L. odznaczały się około 2-krotnie większą średnią ważoną zawartością L. odznaczały się około 2-krotnie większą średnią ważoną zawartością cukrów prostych w porównaniu do odmian
cukrów prostych w porównaniu do odmian Poa pratensis Poa pratensis L. Odmiany tetraploidalne L. Odmiany tetraploidalne Lolium multifl orumLolium multifl orum L. L.
(Atos, Gaza) zawierały od 9 do 31 % więcej cukrów niż odmiana diploidalna Tur. Największą zawartość wę- (Atos, Gaza) zawierały od 9 do 31 % więcej cukrów niż odmiana diploidalna Tur. Największą zawartość wę- glowodanów rozpuszczalnych w wodzie oznaczono w roślinach nawożonych najmniejszą dawką azotu (od- glowodanów rozpuszczalnych w wodzie oznaczono w roślinach nawożonych najmniejszą dawką azotu (od- miana Gaza – 171,3 g · kg s.m., i odmiana Skiz – 82,6 g · kg s.m.). Najniższą zawartość analizowanych skład- miana Gaza – 171,3 g · kg s.m., i odmiana Skiz – 82,6 g · kg s.m.). Najniższą zawartość analizowanych skład- ników stwierdzono u roślin pod wpływem nawożenia dawką azotu 150 kg · ha
ników stwierdzono u roślin pod wpływem nawożenia dawką azotu 150 kg · ha−1−1 (odmiana Tur – 56,5 g · kg s. (odmiana Tur – 56,5 g · kg s.
m. i odmiana Duna – 40,2 g · kg s.m.).
m. i odmiana Duna – 40,2 g · kg s.m.).
Słowa kluczowe:
Słowa kluczowe: cukry proste, nawożenie, odmiany, cukry proste, nawożenie, odmiany, Lolium multiflorum Lolium multiflorum L., L., Poa pratensisPoa pratensis L. L.
