Ships for River-sea and Shortsea Shipping-Hinterland Transports with Shallow Water Effects, WEGEMT Annual Conference & Fourth Workshop

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Friday 26 September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND SHORTSEA SHIPPING-Hinterland Transports with Shallow Water Effects

Proceedings

Hosted by

INSTITUTE OF SHIP TECHNOLOGY DUISBURG (ISD)

Gerhard-Mercator-Universitt

Gesamthochschule Duisburg

_ Germanischer Lloyd 0M MAN Nutzfahrzeuge (M ER Aktiengesellschaft

S HAEGER&1,SCHMIDT LUX -WEREFT

GMBH Fahrgast-Schiffbau

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Haniel RS PartnerShip

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Lehnkering Reederei

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GmbH rSCH=OTTEzL Schottel MercatorprOfung GmbH

MANY THANKS

*

TO THE

SPONSORS

SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA

AND

SHORT-SEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transport with Shallow Water

Effects

Duisburg, Germany

we

26th September 1997

EGEMT

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Thsworksopis joinl sponsored by". ; .. ,., .• :# . . ,.,

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PROGRAMME (update)

The wkshop has bee,

,scneduledto boincidewii,th

08:00 -09:00 _".two Registration two .e-t. _{internatiorial fairs that.}f thaC

09:00 -09:10 Welcome a b h i "iu

Lady Mayor B Zieling, Prorector Professor H Luck are being held n

Dusburg-"''6- et ween 24 ,- 27, September.'

09:10 - 09:30 Simulation of Nonlinear Waves Generated 1Steb

by Fast Ships In Shallow Water

Dr-lng T Jiang, Professor Dr-Ing S D Sharma (ISD

-Institute of Ship Technology, Duisburg/D) BKB '97 -,The

09:30 -09:50 Ships for Extremely Shallow Water (VEBIS Project) S

shipping Fair for

'C

Dr-Ing H-G Zibell, Professor Dr-ing E Moller (VBD - Inland and Coastal

Duisburg Shipmodel Towing Tank, Duisburg/D) Shippl , .-,Coata 09:50 - 10:10 From Road to River - Innovative Short Sea

ppg

Shipping Concepts The forner events in 1993• :p

PD Dr-ing V Bertram, DipI-Ing J Isensee (IfS -Institute of and.1995,wer regarded wi; a,

Ship Building, Hamburg/D) ' b- te ti ..

10:10- 10:34 Coffee compankes.,and-oatusaf!ons.

10:40- 11:05 Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of a Manweuvring - because ev•'Arca of, the

Ship In Deep and Shallow Water _{sipiping' world was>•-:.} Professor A Incecik (Univ of Newcastle upon Tyne/ UK) .. r

• r,.,.eprsenfed• . 11:05 - 11:30 Manweuvring In Shallow Water - Criteria, Test Methods

and Prediction - v . .

Dipl-Ing Th Guesnet, Dipl.-Ing. A Gronarz LOGISTRAk97,'An (VBD - Duisburg Shipmodel Towing Tank,Duisburg / D), International T e"'

Manoeuvring In Shallow Water- Mancuvring with

FairforLogistics

.

Steerable Propulsion Systems f"rric ad-l '

Dipl-Ing R Reuter (Schottel, Spay / D)

T

ad

11:30- 12:30 Lunch

(Trnprmodal)

,

12:30 - 13:00 Logistics and Telematlcs Promoting River-Sea Transportation

and Shortsea Shipping This fair will take place ini..

Dipi-Math F Arendt (ISL -Institute of Shipping Economics

and Logistics Bremen / D) parallel with BKB'97..A

large number of companies.

13:00 - 13:30 IbraRiver-SeapellShipping Between Duisburg and the ,-from the trasp~ritaton ,••,

Iberian Peninsuia , rrtetasotto

Professor Dr P Engelkamp (EBD - European , industry, including shippWig Development Centre for Inland Navigation Duisburg/ D) companies andlporist.wilbe,

9 13:30- 14:00 Tea represented.

14:00 - 14:20 Improved Port-Ship Interface (The IPSI Project) ,

Professor J T Pedersen (Kvwerner, Lysaker / N) ..

OPEN HOUSEP

K.

14:20 - 14:40 DiTrans: A Program for the Development of an

Integrated System for Robotized Large Scale Saturday

Container Transport 27 Septembei

199*"i

Professor dr ir J J M Evers (TU Delft / NL)

14:40 - 15:00 High Speed River-Sea Transport System Workshop partf'ipantsare Dipl-Ing G Andersson (Blohm + Voss, Hamburg/D) also invited to visit the

15:00 - 15:30 Open Forum Instituie of Ship Technologyt:

(ISD), the Duisburg

15:30 - 15:45 Tea _{'Shipmodel Towingi.nk}

15:45 - 17:30 Excursion _{(VBD) and the European}

Automatic Fast Handling Terminal, Duisburg evelopment Centre for ,

* . ~~~~~Dipl.-lng. 0 Schrix (Krupp Fordertechnik / D) Nvgtd ED n

' Inland N~avigatiiin (EBID) on.

17:30 - 19:00 Formal Reception In the Mercator Room, Town Hall " aury,2SeTeme/':

Purposeo

hWorkhp

-

7 ransport chains of, ,A sor-ea slipin~gand~iiver~sea through, traffic.

'O'Spebia1' attention Willb give toA i effects -of i~estricted'waten

AP"i ijepd'prticularly atitoseco ncend~with ftmarnuvriing, S~ding and uniloading~'shios, 'the owrk splin rifiiicld&ýreý&nt~kribwldge

WEGEMT is a European - , from effective operations iiithesehýreai.4~t

-association of 37 universities in 17 Q A'

countries. It was~forrned,by ,I5

Participants, i

t

universities from 10 European> 7

counrie in 975withthejin f &The'workshop has been designed for engineers, naval architects,

increasing the knowledge base, and,ý ship operators and forwarders employýedýi shiiphuilding, shipping, updating and extending the skills:sipn gecenri-aaprr:uthriisýlsifaio

shipin agnisanenn, otuhntelsfcto

andcometece'of hgieei Ap >odieties,,ship-model tanks ahd'shijp researc esta'blishments. It postgraduate students working atbeoinrsto

an advanced level in marin wvill:also e'fitrs omanrit rime's'tudents'at graduate and technology anuyretateu scece.postgraduaite levels

Lecturerst 7>7

WEGEMTachieves itsaimnby .

encouraging member universitie Mebr tetahn tf r xetrm- Euro pean-ma rine to:." ndutriK rseach rgani~sations a~nd~uni~versities,,Whojare

tactivey nad in th fil to iver-sea~and short-sea shipping. operate as a network and The' lectures and' workshop; notes will ke in English.

therefore actively collaborate

in initiatives related to~this

'venue

f- ~ '~~'

purpose

-This fourth .WEGEIMT workshop will be hostedbKitffe Gerhard consider collaborative, .'> Merc.ator.UOrivetsity,'Inistitiite'bof'Ship ' cn~qyDuisburg (ISD).

research, education and',,

i

All l6cttires' will takeplace in tlhe following lectire hail:,

training activities atan : ,.U*-nA'nNE'$

4dvanced~level~ .,. 7 .I'

"'Gerhard Mercator Universit~t -GH Duisbu exchange and disseminate.Ltasr~

information to further its 'Dibr edr

aims. ' .A

Accommodation..

WEGEMT has organised 22 You are advisedato make'iyour hotel arraqngements,early' because of schools, three colloquia and three otetvns " DOhnrenrghtewkso

workshops since 1978.

Information-on the price and availability of the plaeidct drrqiemn-oi~eisrto

form i.Hotel charges are-to-be pa iddirectly to the hotel.>', proceedings of these courses can

'V-be otaied fom he WGEM ' Participants wo regis~ter l'te'shbuld~notetlfi& ~itmray be 'difficult

Secretariat in London. . .to obtaih,5orvenient1ý'io'c'aidlhiteis'

Fax; +44 171 930 4323. -Snle and double 'rooms aie~av'iulable at the' follo~wingA rates per

night: including breakfast: A A

'A Wolfsbur ¾M5090 DM B heifiischer Hof, 70 -110 DM71 C, NOVOTEL -1,40- 180 DM> D Duisburger, H-of ', 160-200 DOM '(Prices are given as a guide only) ~

iourlh IV(;Ei:NIT WVorkshop

Out and About in Duisburg

26 S•cpteuler 1997

lIuisburg, (German. Located in one of Europe's most

important industrial regions, Duisburg

SII1'S F.'1OR ltIVlEl-SI'A :\NI) has the largest inland harbour in the

Sl( )lRT-SliA SlIIPI'l(; world and the Free Port Of Duisburg

Ilinierland Transpori offers facilities for duty-free import of

with Shallow WVater Eli•ccis

goods. The complex of harbours and

Regisiration Form cargo terminals extends for 23 miles on either side of the river Rhine, (Capital letters please) and is referred to nowadays as "Rhein-Ruhr Hafen Duisburg".

The town also has a number of interesting museums. The Museum Name: ... of German Inland Navigation is located in Duisburg-Ruhrort, and

Title: ... exhibits include "Oscar", a paddle-wheel steam tug built in 1922. The

new Museum of Cultural and City History has taken up residence in a restored former grain factory. Here, visitors can see some of the

. original terrestrial and celestial globes as well as maps of the famous Gerhard Mercator. Born in 1512 in Rupelmonde near Antwerp of German parents, he moved in 1552 to Duisburg where he lived and .. ... ... worked until he died in 1594. He developed a new method of

Company or Institution projecting the spherical surface of the earth on to a flat plane to produce a conventional two-dimensional map, especially suited for

.navigation. This so-called Mercator Projection is still used today by Phone: ... .. seafarers and aviators.

Fax: ... Other interesting places are the Lehmbruck Museum, a European

Email:... centre of modem sculpture, and the 500-acre Wedau sports and leisure Hotel Category: cromplex. The annual Duisburg Regatta is held at Wedau and attracts

A 0 B

0

C

o

D 0 international canoeists and rowers. Duisburg also has a beautiful zoo, Single Room

03

Double Room

01

noted for dolphins, whales and Europe's largest collection of phmates. No. of Persons: ... 'ounded F in 1655, refounded in 1972 and renamed inA1994, the Arrival Date: ... Mercator University Duisburg with its wide range of i'tegrited Departure Date: ... 2degree courses has earned national and international aicclaim. Last but

o

Workshop fees: £80 (£60* not least, the Duisburg Shipmodel Towing Tank (VBD) specializing in

o

50% reduction for students shallow water hydrodynamics is well known in the marine field. All course fees include course material, ." ""

refreshments, lunch and excursion.

0

Cancellations received up to 5/9/97: 50% refund - " -"

Cancellations received after 5/9/97: No refund

*Registration before 16 August 1997

Reg sratio

o

I have enclosed a cheque (in sterling) Please complete the registration form and send it to the workshop

payable to WEGEMT. secretary at the address below. General enquiries should also be

o

I have arranged for payment to be addressed to the workshop secretary:.

made to: Royal Bank of Scotland. -. "

Drummonds Branch, 49 Charing Cross . -

-London SWIX 2DX UK. - Prof~.Klaus.W Wietasch .

Account name: WEGEMT. Mercator University

Account no. 00299127. Institute of Ship Technology (ISD)

Sort code: 16-00-38.

- D-47048 Duisburg , "

o

My company is interested in a poster show _*.GermanyD Geisauy I accept the conditions concerning

registration and cancellation Phone: +49 203 379 2779

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 _11.1 SHIPS _{RIVER-SEA AND} FOR

-GERHARD-MERCATORIUNIVERSITY DUISBURG GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

THE WEGEMT SCHOOLS, COLLOQUIA AND WORKSHOPS

24 Schools, 3 colloquia and 3 workshops have been organised since 1978 on a wide range of subjects. These were:

Advanced Ship Design Techniques, 1978 (Newcastle upon Tyne) * Advanced Aspects of Offshore Engineering, 1979 (Trondheim, Aachen,

Wageningen)

* Managing Ship Production, 1980 (Strathclyde and Glasgow)

Advanced Ship Power Plant Design and Operation, 1981 (Berlin and Trieste)

* Fishing Vessel Technology, 1982 (Madrid)

* Teaching Marine Technology in Europe, 1982, (Southampton)

* • Winter Navigation, 1983 (Helsinki)

* Ship Design for Fuel Economy, 1983 (Gothenburg)

* Computers in Education in Marine Technology, 1984 (Hamburg) High Speed and Pleasure Craft 1985, (Genoa)

* Education and Training in Offshore Engineering, 1986 (Newcastle upon Tyne)

* Propulsion Systems, 1989 (London)

* Design Techniques for Advanced Marine Vehicles and High Speed Displacement Ships, 1989 (Delft)

* Design and Analysis of Slender Marine Structures Risers and Pipelines, 1991 (Trondheim)

* Underwater Technology, 1991 (Helsinki)

* Noise, Vibration and Shock on Board Ships, 1992 (Genoa) * Risk and Reliability in Marine Technology, 1993 (Lisbon) * FRP Composite Materials and their Marine Applications, 1993

(Southampton)

• Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamics: Ships and Offshore Structures, 1993 (Nantes)

Fishing Vessel Technology, 1994 (Madrid)

* Ships for Coastal and Inland Waters -Design, Building, Operation,

1994 (Duisburg)

* Accidental Loadings on Marine Structures: Risk and Response, 1995 (Lyngby)

* Damage Stability of Ships, 1995 (Lyngby)

* Waves and Modelling the Marine Environment, 1996 (Edinburgh) * Conceptual Designs of Fast Sea Transportation, 1996 (Glasgow) * Surface Support for Subsea Task, 1997 (Glasgow)

* Full Scale Surveys of the Performances of Ships and Platforms, 1997 (Genoa)

WEGEMT publishes comprehensive notes from its Schools and Workshops as well as a Directory of

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FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

111RIVER-SEA AND

GE RHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY UISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Te&nology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Participants

Ambs, Raymond, Dipl-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Andersson, G, Dipl-Ing Blohm + Voss, Hamburg

Andrews, D, Prof University College London

Arendt, F, Dipl-Math Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics - ISL

-Bremen

* Benedek, Z, Dr Technical University of Budapest

Billingham, J, Prof Cranfield University

Boote, Dario, Prof Universita di Genova

Boudry, Francis RISS Transport, Dunkerque

Bruggen, van, P, Director Marine Heavy Lift Partners, Rotterdam

Cordonnier, J-P, Dr Ecole Centrale de Nantes

Demir, Ekrem, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Engelkamp, P, Prof Dr European Development Centre for Inland Navigation

-EBD -Duisburg

Engja, H, Prof Norges Tekniske Hogskole, Trondheim

Evers, J J, Prof TU Delft

Gassien, Dominique Sollac Groupe USINOR, La Defense

Gerigk, M, Dr Eng Technical University of Gdansk

Goldammer, E-H Neuss

Goppelsr6der, Martin, Prof Zentrum fOr Musik und Kunst, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg

Grant, Jim Secretary General WEGEMT, London

Guedes-Soares, C, Prof Universidade T6cnica de Lisboa

Guesnet, Th, Dipl-Ing Duisburg Shipmodel Towing Tank -VBD -Duisburg

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 _11.1 SHIPS _{RIVER-SEA AND}FOR AN

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

InstituteR ofShip Technolog DuisISr Iy UG GHinterland Transports

Institute ot Ship Technokogy Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Heimes, Steffen, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD Henn, Rupert, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Hove, van, J MLB Manfred Lauterjung, Emden

Incecik, A, Prof Univ of Newcastle upon Tyne

Isensee, J, Dipl-Ing Institute of Ship Building -IfS -Hamburg Jascanu, M, Prof Dr Ing Rector Universitatea "Dunarea De Jos" Galati

Jensen, J J, Dr Technical Uni of Denmark, Lyngby

Jiang, T, Dr-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Keil, H, Prof Dr-Ing Institut fiir Schiffbau Hamburg

King, J, Prof University of Wales, Cardiff

Kock, Boris, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD Krauss, G R, Prof UniversitA degli Studi di Napoli

Kruppa, C, Prof Technische Universitat Berlin

Larsson, L, Prof Chalmers University of Technology, Gotenborg

Lauterjung, M Reederei M Lauterjung, Emden

Lucas, K, Prof Dr-Ing, Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg

Luck, H, Prof, Prorector Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg

* Maestro, M, Prof Ing UniversitA degli Studi de Trieste

Meyer-K6nig, T, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Miyashita, Keiti Kawasaki Heavy Ind., London

Monerris, A M, Prof Universidad Polit6cnica de Madrid

Nguyen Duc, Hung Viet, Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD Dipl-Ing

Nikiforov, V, Prof State University for Water Communications,

St Petersburg

Papanikolaou, A, Prof Technical University of Athens, Zografos

Pedersen, J T, Prof, Kverner, Oslo

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

SDSRGMSHORTSEA SHIPPING

GE RHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVE RSITY DUISURG, GERMANY Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Pluntke, Bernd, Dipl-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Psaltis, N Athens

Reuter, R, Dipl-Ing Schottel, Spay

Rutgersson, 0, Prof Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm

Ruxton, T Liverpool John Moores University

Schidel, Ditmar, Zentrum fUr Musik und Kunst,

Gerhard-Mercator-Dipl-Kulturpdid University Duisburg

Schidel, Josefine Duisburg

0

Schauland, Jdrg, KSW Syst ems, Hamburg

Naval Architect

Schrix, D, Dipl-Ing Krupp F6rdertechnik Essen

Shala, Daniela, Student Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg - ISD

Sharma, S D, Prof Dr-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD - Skogman, A, Naval Architect Aquamaster Rauma Ltd, Rauma

Stokke, Tor, Naval Architect Kristiansand

Stuntz, Norbert, Dipl-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Sutton, R, Dr University of Plymouth

Thomzik, Ralf Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Thorp, Ian University of Newcastle upon Tyne

Thorp, Mrs. Newcastle upon Tyne

Toxopeus, Serge, Consultant MARIN, Wageningen

Truijens, P, Prof Universiteit Gent, Zwijnaarde

Valkhof, Henk, Senior MARIN, Wageningen

Consultant

Varsta, P, Prof Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo

Vassalos, D, Dr University of Strathclyde, Glasgow

Velthoven, van, J VECOMAR International, Rotterdam

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY Insbute f Sip TchnoogyDuisurgHinterland TransportsSHORTSEA SHIPPING

Irtsdtiute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Wendorff, J V, Dipl-Ing Preussag AG, Hannover

Wiedemann, Renate Zentrum f(ir Musik und Kunst,

Gerhard-Mercator-University Duisburg

Wietasch, K W, Prof Dipl-Ing Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg -ISD

Wolfram, J, Prof Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh

Zibell, H-G, Dr-Ing Duisburg Shipmodel Towing Tank -VBD -Duisburg

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg _{with Shallow Water Effects}

Welcome

* Lady Major

*

*

Prorector

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg _{with Shallow Water Effects}

Lady Mayor B Zieling

City of Duisburg

Welcome

Address by the Mayor of the City of Duisburg Ladies and gentlemen,

Barbel Zieling on the occasion of the

opening of the WEGEMT Workshop in as a rule the appointments entered in the Duisburg on 26 September 1997 diary of a mayor bear testimony to and exemplify what is hapening in a city, what is having an impact on the city in a particular month or year and the topics that are crucial to the city.

Ladies and Gentlemen, Even approaching the issue from this perspective the importance of traffic and for several days you are experiencing our logistics and the variety of related disciplines city entirely in the vein of traffic and logistics: can hardly be rated highly enough in

Duisburg. Indeed, these are the future topics On our tradefair grounds at the Wedau for Duisburg.

Stadium both the European Fair for Inland

Shipping, Coastal Shipping and Freight Therefore, I am particularly delighted that our Traffic and the "Logistra', the International city is not only establishing itself as a Fair for Logistics, Transport and Traffic are location of economic activity in the traffic and taking place up to tomorrow, Saturday. logistics field but also as a centre of theoretical and scientific debate on issues I hope you have already had the opportunity relevant to logistics and related disciplines. to visit them and possibly even time for one

or two talks among experts. In a few weeks time, for instance, a further

--_- high-quality congress of the University of

At the same time the 4th WEGEMT Duisburg will take place bearing the title

At te sae tme te 4h WEEMT _{'Logistics and regional structural change'.}

Workshop, to which it is my pleasure to g g g

welcome you here in Duisburg, is dealing My special thanks are thus extended to the with the technical aspects and the new Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg for opportunities provided by transport chains in its involvement in these disciplines which are the area of shipping. This is definitely a so important for our city. In particular, particularly specialized topic, which at first however, I would like to thank WEGEMT glance is likely only to be interesting to which, as a European-wide association in specialists in shipping. the field of ship-building and marine Yet, when one looks again, the potential and technology, has opted for Duisburg to hold significance for Duisburg attached to events its first annual meeting in Germany, thus such as these become evident. However, let bringing specialists from all around Europe

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

11.1 RIVER-SEA AND

-1111 SHORTSEA SHIPPING

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

It was from Duisburg that our city's great Indeed Duisburg faces considerable image son, after whom our University has been problems. Whilst its inhabitants rate the named, Gerhard Mercator, rendered quality of life in the city highly, elsewhere outstanding services to shipping and Duisburg is still almost exclusively navigation as a cartographer and inventor of associated With heavy industry and its the 'Mercator Projection' four centuries ago. corresponding side effects such as

considerable environmental problems. Thus, in figurative terms it is 'historic

territory' on which you find yourselves here Nowadays, however, it is evident that the in Duisburg, dealing with shipping issues importance of heavy industry has to be seen -from your respective scientific angles. in relative terms. Therefore, to provide the city in the eyes of the outside world with a Let me lust say one or two things about the new image we hope for a new orientation history of our city. Especially due to its from logistics.

location at the point where the rivers Rhine

and Ruhr meet, In this vein Duisburg wishes to distinguish but also thanks to outstanding entrepreneurs itself as a port city, as a city at the water's such as Franz Haniel and Carl Lehnkering, edge, as a cosmopolitan city. I cordially Duisburg has a tradition as a centre of goods invite you to visit the harbour neighbourhood traffic and transshipment which goes back of Duisburg-Ruhrort or Duisburg's Inner centuries. Both these personalities Harbour, where the city's new face can mentioned come from a time when already be experienced.

entrepreneurs of their kind were still called

'Kaufleute' -merchants -or 'Kommeazienrat' Against this background, I am sure that you, - a title conferred on distinguished business ladies and gentlemen, will understand how

people. The development of the city into one much I am delighted that you are here. The of the most important locations of the steel workshop will focus on issues concerned industry in Europe is based on its with thbe construction of ships that can geographical situation. This situation also operate both in coastal traffic and on inland enabled the development of Duisburg~s waterways.

Rhine-Ruhr harbour into the largest inland

port in the world. Since Duisburg is not only the largest inland port in the world but also the most western We take up this tradition again when we sea port in Germany, you are constructing

-embark on the ambitious task of developing and please excuse this somewhat Duisburg further into a traffic and logistics unscientific short-cut - the ships which are

centre on the European scale. The further the harbingers of hope for this city and its development of the location of Duisburg in economic development.

this way is crucial, ladies and gentlemen, to

ensure the successful management of the Thus, it is in the interests of Duisburg for you ongoing structural change in our city. Yet, to go 'full steam ahead' and embark on your that is not all, work as soon as possible. Consequently, I

shall hurry to finish my welcome to you - as

Beside the importance in terms of the the mayor I have to keep an eye on the well-economy and locational policy of this being of the city!

economic sector to the city the opportunity

arises not only to enhance the profile of the Ladies and gentlemen, city as a centre for goods traffic flows of alt

kinds but also to provide the city with a new I extend a warm welcome to you in our city overall image. and wish you every success with the fourth

WEGEMT workshop. Thank you.

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

GE RHARDMERCATOR*UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Prof Dipl-Ing K W Wietasch

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg (ISD) Chairman Workshop

Gerhard Mercator University Duisburg

Preface

The Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg The WFGEMT Foundation Annual

(iSD) has organised the 1997 WEGEMT Conference is also being held as part of the Workshop entitled "SHIPS FOR RIVER- workshop. This will make Duisburg the

SEA AND SIIORT-SEA SHIPPING - first German city to have hosted the

Hinterland Transport with Shallow-Water conference since the foundation was set up Effects", which is the fourth event of its in 1975.

kind. The workshop is being hosted by the

Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg Fourth WFGEMi Workbhop

and will be held on the university campus in

leclurc hall MC 122 on 26 September In 1994, the 21' WEGEMT School, which

1997. dealt with the topic of inland and coastal

navigation, was hcid in Duisburg, the The fourth WEGEMT Workshop is in centre of German inland navigation. In

response to: contrast, this workshop will take a broader

took at the technical options open to

short-" the rising global significance of river-sea sea-shipping transport chains and river-sea and short-sea shipping within an through traffic, under special consideration integrated navigational network, of restricted-water effects. As the

workshop will chiefly address the topics of

" the pan-frontier development of inland vessel manoeuvrability and

waterways to meet the needs of loading/unloading, recent knowledge

maritime vessels and \ gained in these areas by successful vessel

operation will be given particular attention.

" the 25"' anniversary of re-establishing

the Gerhard Mercator University of The workshop is being sponsored by,

Duishbug in 1972. among others, the City of Duisburg, the

Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR ' "

RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

19 f Sip Tchmogy uisurgHinterland Istiute Transports

Institute with Shallow Water Effects

The teaching staff comprises European football stadium deserves particular

experts from the fields of marine industry mention with regard to the latter, since the and research as well as from universities, all international canoeing and rowing

of whom are actively involved with short- competitions regularly attract large

sea and river-sea shipping. While the numbers of athletes from all over the world. majority of the teaching staff are German Duisburg is also known for its flourishing speakers, lectures and workshop notes will and attractively landscaped zoo, whose be in English. special attractions include a marine

mammal show with dolphins and whales as Out and About in Duisburg well as Europe's largest collection of

primates.

Duisburg's port can even boast an "Oscar",

namely the 1922 paddle-wheel steam tug Duisburg looks back on a chequered that now forms pan of Duisburg's Museum history from an academic point of view. of German itland Navigation. Duisburg's The city's first university was founded in harbour and cargo-terminal complex - _{1655 and later closed again in 1818. It was} whose official title is "Rhein-Rnhr Hafen finally re-established in 1972 and was then Duisburg" - covers a stretch of 23 miles on re-named "Gerhard Mercator University of either side of the Rhihe. The Free Port of' Duisburg" in 1994. The university has Duisburg, as the world's largest inland earned international acclaim on account of harbour, is situated in one of Europe's key its high academic standard and its wide

industrial regions and provides complete range of dcgTee-course subjects. On a more

facilities for the duty-free import of goods. specific note, it should also be mentioned that the VBD (Duisburg Ship-Model The originals of some of Mercator's famous Testing Tank), a special institute for terrestrial and celestial globes and maps are shallow-water hydrodynamics, has made a kept in Duisburg's Museum of Municipal particular name for itself in the field of and Cultural History, which recently moved maritime research.

to a fully restored formner grain factory.

Gerardus Mercator was born in The supporting programme of the Rupelmonde near Antwerp in 1512.1 lis workshop will include the following parents were German and moved to highlights: a night-time boat ride along the Duisburg in 1552. Mercator then went on Rhine and parts of the harbour, visits to the to live and work in Duisburg until his death city of Duisburg, a formal reception in the in 1594 He developed a new method of Mercator room of the Civic Hall and a trip projecting the spherical surface of the earth to the Haniel Museum on the history of onto a flat plane to produce a conventional industrialisation in the Ruhr District with two-dimensional map, especially suited for regard to the shipping, mining, foundry and navigation. This so-called Mercator steel industries. Tours of the VBD and the Projection is still used by seafarers and EDB (European Development Centre of

aviators today. Inland Navigation) are also planned.

Other places of interest include the

.ehnibruck Muscum as a European centre of modern sculpture and the 500-acre Wedau sports-cure-leisure complex The

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSeA SHIPPING

institute of Ship Technology Duisburg wiit Shatlow Water Effects

Participants

'Ihe ISD will take pleasure in welcoming Since 1978, 22 WEC)EMT schools, three over 60 participants from 18 nations to the symposia and three workshops have been workshop. This multi-national group will held on a wide range of subjects. The comprise representatives from the fields of WEGEMT Office in London can provide engineering, naval architecture, ship information on the prices and availability of operation, forwarding agencies involved the written reports of the above events. with shipping, shipping agencies, river and Please send fax enquiries to:

port authorities, classification societies, 0044 171 **' ship-model tanks and ship research

institutes. In addition, a number of both Acknowledgements under- and postgraduate students of

maritime technology will also be taking The ISD wishes to thank:

part.

9 the WEGEMT delegates for choosing to

WVEGEMT Foundation hold their 1997 Annual Conference in

Duisbu rg,

The WEGEMT Foundation is a European

association of 37 universities spread across . the sponsors for their financial support,

17 countries. It was founded in 1975 with

an original complement of 15 member • the lecturers for presenting their papers universities from 10 European states. The in Duisburg and

aim of the foundation has always been to

broaden the knowledge as well as update * the participants for their interest in and enhance the skill and competence of Duisburg.

engineers and postgraduate students performing advanced work in the areas of marine technology and related sciences. The field of marine technology is becoming an increasingly interdisciplinary science as it draws on a steadily growing number of different industrial sectors.

In pursuit of this aim, the Foundation encourages associated universities to

• operate as a network and actively collaborate in all related activities, * participate in sophisticated joint

research, education and training measures and

* exchange and disseminate relevant

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS _{RIVER-SEA AND}FOR AND

G M -US GSHORTSEA SHIPPING

SGERHARD-MERCATOR*UNIVERSIVY

DUISBURG, GERMANY Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Sharlow Water Effects

Simulation of Nonlinear Waves Generated by Fast Ships in Shallow Water

Dr-Ing T Jiang, Prof Dr-Ing S D Sharma (ISD Duisburg) Paper 1

Ships for Extremely Shallow Water (VEBIS Project)

Dr-Ing H-G Zibell, Prof Dr-Ing E Mfiller (VBD Duisburg) Paper 2

From Road to River -Innovative Short Sea Shipping Concepts

PD Dr-Ing V Bertram, Dipl-Ing J Isensee (IfS, Hamburg) Paper 3

Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of a Manreuvring Ship in Deep and Shallow Water

* Prof A Incecik (Univ of Newcastle upon Tyne) Paper 4

Mancruvring in Shallow Water -Criteria, Test Methods and Prediction

Dipl-Ing Th Guesnet, Dipl-Ing A Gronarz (VBD Duisburg) Paper 5

Manceuvring in Shallow Water -Marneuvring with Steerable Propulsion Systems

Dipl-Ing R Reuter (Schottel, Spay) Paper 6

Logistics and Telematics Promoting River-Sea and Shortsea Shipping

Dipl-Math F Arendt (ISL, Bremen) Paper 7

River-Sea Shipping Between Duisburg and the Iberian Peninsula

Prof Dr P Engelkamp (EBD Duisburg) Paper 8

Interface Port-Ship (IPSI Project)

Prof J T Pedersen (Kvzerner, Oslo) Paper 9

DiTrans: A Program for the Development of an Integrated System for Robotized Large Scale Container Transport

Prof dr ir J J M Evers (TU Delft) Paper 10

High Speed River-Sea Transport System

Dipl-Ing G Andersson (Blohm + Voss, Hamburg) Paper 11

Excursion

Automatic Handling Terminal Duisburg

[r FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

i Ei RSSHORTSEA SHIPPING

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVFRSITY DUISBURG. GERMANY _{Hinterland Transports} Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Paper 1

Dr-Ing T Jiang

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND SHORTSEA SHIPPING GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY Hinterland Transporls

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Simulation of Nonlinear Waves Generated by

oK

Fast Ships in Shallow Water

Tao Jiang and Som Deo Sharma Institute of Ship Technology

Mercator University, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany

Abstract

Tao Jimag

Based on nonlinear shallow-water wave-theory the wave generation by fast ships in shallow water was numerically investigated. In the transcritical speed range the Boussi-nesq type of shallow-water wave equations were applied using an implicit scheme; in the supercritical speed range, the Airy type of shallow-water wave equations using an explicit upwind and high-resolution scheme. An improved slender-body theory was used to approximate the influence of the hull form on the flow in the far field. Preliminary calculations for a ship and a pressure distribution showed that the waves at supercritical speeds are characterized by a steady shock-wave-like pattern; at transcritical speeds, by a Havelock-like wave pattern. A ship moving in a shallow-water channel may shed solitons at transcritical speed, implying an unsteady wave pattern relative to the ship. It was also shown that the wave resistance is much larger in the transcritical speed range than in the supercritical range.

Graff et al. (1960). They have been also

1 Introduction

confirmed by recent experimental

stud-S

One significant aspect of the waves ies on ship wave generation in the.

generated by fast ships in shallow water Duisburg Shallow Water Towing Tank

is their nonlinearity. A ship moving in a (VBD). Observing the photograph in

shallow water channel can even shed so- Fig. 1 we can see that three solitary

called solitary waves when the ship waves (perfectly transversal to the

speed is near the critical speed, defined channel) have been generated by a Se-by water-depth Froude number Fnh = 1. ries 60 hull moving at critical speed in These solitary waves travel a bit faster the shallow-water tank within the

avail-in front of the ship and cause oscilla- able steady towing length of 150 m,

tions of the ship. The wave pattern rela- demonstrating the unsteady nature of the

tive to the ship is then no more steady in wave pattern relative to the ship.

Look-spite of constant ship speed and uniform ing now at the photograph in Fig. 2,

rectangular channel. These essentially taken at a transcritical speed of

nonlinear and unsteady phenomena Fnh = 1.2, we notice that these solitary

were repeatedly observed in the towing waves can even break, indicating the

shallow-FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

i

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING Hinterland Transports

Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

IIf

Figure 1: Solitary waves generated by a Series 60 Hull at the critical speed Fnh = 1 in the

VBD Towing Tank

Figure 2: Breaking solitary wave generated by a Series 60 Hull at a transcritical speed

rr-N FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR_{RIVER-SEA AND}

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

In the theoretical investigation of these forward speed V in inviscid shallow nonlinear and unsteady phenomena in water of depth h. Let Oxyz be a

ship-shallow-water channels, considerable bound Cartesian coordinate system

success has been recently achieved, e.g., centered at the midship with the plane by Mei and Choi (1987), Choi and Mei Oxy lying on the undisturbed free

sur-(1989), and Chen and Sharma (1992). face, the x-axis pointing toward the The basic tool of these theoretical bow, and the z-axis being positive up-analyses is the technique of matched ward. The irrotational flow generated by asymptotic expansions, where the po- the moving ship can be thus described tential flow in the far field is approxi- by a velocity potential D governed by mated by a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili the Laplace equation,

(KP) type of equation from the shallow- ( C +(, =0, (1)

water wave-theory and the potential YY

flow in the near field by the slender- in the whole fluid domain and by the body theory. In recent papers by Chen following boundary conditions:

and Sharma (1992) and Jiang et al. first, kinematic and dynamic conditions, (1995) it was shown that a modified

Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation

G

-V~x +Dx +4x yy ='qb2 , (2)

based on the shallow-water-wave theory 12

is even more effective in predicting the q__-VDX+ _+gz+P=0, (3)

wave resistance and squat of a ship 2 p

moving in a shallow-water channel, not

only in the transcritical but also in the respectively, on the free surface subcritical and supercritical speed z= (xy,t), where g is the acceleration

range. due to gravity, p the water density and p

The present study concentrates on the the pressure distribution on the free sur-new development of an efficient algo- face; second, no-flux condition,

rithm using more general shallow-wa- F -VF, +V•.VF=0, (4)

ter-wave equations, namely, the well- V

known Boussinesq equations. Unlike on the hull-surface F(x,y,z,t)=O;

the KP equation, the Boussinesq equa- third, no-flux condition,

tions are also valid for truly unsteady ('= 0, (5)

cases caused, for example, by

hydrody-namic interactions between passing on the water bottom z = -h ; and fourth,

ships, by geographical changes of the radiation condition,

water bottom, by ambient waves near a V4 ) 0, (6)

coast, and so on. Due to a higher order

term of the time derivative, however, at infinity x-+ T7

their numerical approximation is not an easy task. Different numerical methods will be implemented to solve the

initial-boundary value problem governed by If the flow problem considered here is

the Boussinesq equations. further restricted by the relatively small

water depth as well as by the

slender-2 General Formulation ness of hull form, then the

well-estab-lished technique of matched asymptotic

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports Instituteof _{Ship Technology Duisburg}

with Shallow Water Effects

(1966), can be used. According to this wave equations of Airy theory are ob-approach the fluid-field is divided into tained:

an outer region (far field) and an inner -v/x +Vjvh+ý)u]=o, (10)

region (near field) relative to the ship. In

each flow region a scale analysis is then p

performed by selecting suitable scales u1 - Vux + (u V)u + gV = -V p

for all variables, and the resulting

sim-plified forms of the original governing (11)

equations are matched by means of The basic assumption in the near asymptotic multiple-scale expansions in field is that the hull form is considered

both regions. as a slender body, which means that

The basic assumptions in the far field beam and draft of the hull are small are that the waves generated by the ship compared with its length. Based on this are weakly nonlinear and long in com- assumption, the 3-D potential (1 in the parison to water depth. These two fea- near field can be approximated by tures lead to a reasonable approximation means of a 2-D potential in the vertical of the 3-D potential (D in terms of a plane at each hull cross-section. After a depth-averaged 2-D potential 9p in the lengthy derivation of asymptotic outer horizontal plane as defined by expansions the no-flux boundary condi-tion on the hull surface for the far-field

lI r

p= h+I CF(xy,z,t)dz, (7) flow is reduced to

where ý denotes the local wave eleva- Vyo =T- (h+t)-2[S(xt)(V--u0 )]x.

tion. (12)

Following standard shallow-water In comparison with the classical slen-wave approximation (Taylor expansion der-body theory this formulation takes in vertical direction) and using the 3-D de-ody the ti foution tae

Laplace equation as well as the no-flux aounal the e eofith

condition at water bottom with constant longitudinal perturbation velocity water depth, the kinematic and dynamic u0 ={[u(x,Ot)+u(x,O-,t)] as well as conditions (2) and (3) on the free sur- of the varying instantaneous cross-sec-face can be approximated by the well- tion area S(x,t), which depends on sink-known Boussinesq theory as follows: age, trim and local wave elevation

ý,

-K.x +V[(h+Q)u]=0, (8) ýo =2[K(x 'O 't)+0 (x'O -'t)].

u,- VuX +(u. V)u+gVt = 4 Numerical Approximation of

Ih2vV.(U,

_

VUx)_V P , (9) the

Airy Equations

3 P _{Due to the dynamic analogy of the Airy}

where the V-operator from now on takes shallow-water-wave equations (10-11) its 2-D form, e.g.Vw =(

(,w

py) , and to the well-solved Euler equations of

2-D gas dynamics, the highly developed u = (u,v) = Vw. numerical methods of aerodynamics can Now, by further assuming that the be used. In the previous work by Jiang pressure is hydrostatic, i.e., the pressure (1996) the upwind and high-resolution is proportional to the local dip from the explicit schemes were implemented to

rr FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR_{RIVER-SEA AND} GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

governed by the Airy equations. The modified KP equation of Chen and

main efforts required were: Sharma (1992). All three wave patterns

* Flux formulation of the Airy equa- comprise only divergent waves within

tions an angle analogous to the Mach angle at

hypersonic flow in gas dynamics.

How-" Flux-difference-splitting based on ever, these shock-wave angles are

dif-the eigenvalue splitting ferent from the mathematical Mach

* Advective upstream splitting angle defined by depth Froude number

t = ±arcsin -L, which lies between the * High-order interpolation using bow-wave and the stern-wave angles.

MUSCL approach Furthermore, we can observe: (i) Airy

* Conservative space discretization of equations generally yield steeper waves

the flux vectors than those from the KP equation; (ii) In

*Runge-Kutta time-stepping comparison to the

flux-difference-split-ting method the advective upstream We now apply the computer program splitting method reveals more details of based on the numerical method intro- the wave pattern, see the secondary di-duced above to simulate a ship moving vergent waves in graph (b).

2.0 1.5 -0 1 0.59 1. DWL

1.5.

1.0 52 8 3 1 0.5 5 6)) MBL 0.0 I I -2 -0 1 m 2

Figure 3: Body plan of the subject hull (VBD Model No. M601)

at a supercritical speed of Fnh = 1.5 in 5 'Numerical Approximation of

the VBD shallow water tank. Fig. 3 the Boussinesq Equations

shows the body plan of the subject ship.

Fig. 4 shows three steady shock-wave- In principle, we can also apply the up-like wave patterns, graph (a) resulting wind and high-resolution explicit from the flux-difference-splitting schemes to solve the initial-boundary method, graph (b) from the advective value problem governed by the Boussi-upstream splitting method, and graph (c) nesq equations. Unfortunately, the high from an implicit - scheme for the order term on the right-hand side of the

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR - 7

RIVER-SEA AND

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports

Institute _{of Ship Technology Duisburg}

with Shallow Water Effects

(a) Flux-Difference-Splitting Method (FDSM)

(b) Advective Upstream Splitting Method (AUSM)

* (c) Finite-Difference Method for KP Equation

Figure 4: Wave patterns of a ship moving in a shallow-water channel at supercritical speed Fnh = 1.5, at water-depth h = 2.27T, channel-width W= 2.87L, visualized as den-sity plots

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Instluleat Ship Technology Duisburg Hinterland Transports

Institute _{with Shallow Water Effects}

Boussinesq equations (8-9) leads almost first shallow-water waves generated by always to numerical instability of these a pressure distribution moving in a rec-explicit schemes, as far as different dis- tangular channel, aiming at the simula-cretization schemes for the high order tion of a surface-effect-ship (SES) term have been tried. Therefore, we moving in shallow water. The pressure temporarily leave these rapid explicit distribution is analytically given as fol-schemes and turn to the slow, but nu- lows:

merically more stable, implicit schemes. p(xy) = Po e(x) f(y) (13)

This involves:

* Crank-Nicolson scheme for the 10 < IxI <±QL

time and space discretizations

e(x) ={cos2, ] -

<lIxi

<2

Cos• (l-t) <- < -L

" Approximation of the values

,u, v for the nonlinear terms at (14)

the required time step by means of {0i<y

<

1PO

Taylor expansion to same order as f(Y) = 2 RflyI-'OB

the right-hand side of (8-9) cos ±f0B<jYl<±B

" Iterative solution of the linear alge- (15)

braic equation system With the specific values of L = 8m,

* Overrelaxation to accelerate the B = 4m, x = 0.7,

f

= 0.4 and po = 0. Igh,

convergence process the parameters for the pressure

distribu-tion as well as the channel configuradistribu-tion

" Local and global filtering to over- are the same as used by Ertekin et al. come the numerical oscillations (1986), enabling some numerical com-To test the new computer program parisons. Fig. 5 shows the temporal based on this implicit method, we study evolution of the wave pattern at the

0%

Figure 5: Temporal evolution of the wave pattern of a pressure distribution moving at the critical speed Fnh = 1.0 in a shallow-water channel at water-depth h = I m and

chan-rr FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 _II.~ SHIPS FOR_{RIVER-SEA AND}

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY _{SHORTSEA SHIPPING} Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Figure 6: Perspective view of the wave pattern of a pressure distribution moving at a supercritical speed Fnh = 2.0 in a shallow-water channel at water-depth h = Im and

* channel-width W= 8m

critical speed, visualized as density scrutiny. Fig. 10 compares the wave plots. As expected, solitary waves are resistance at the critical speed (graph a) generated one after another, the wave and a supercritical speed (graph b). pattern relative to the uniformly moving Again, there is a clear advantage at the pressure patch is no more steady. Con- supercritical speed, at least from the sequently, the resulting wave resistance wave-resistance point of view.

is oscillating about its mean value, see

Fig. 7a. 6 Acknowledgments

Fig. 6 shows a perspective view of The authors are grateful to Dipl.-ing. N. the wave pattern at a high speed of Stuntz und Dipl.-Ing. H. Nguyen Duc of

Finh =2.0. The wave pattern is now the Institute of Ship Technology at the steady and comprises only divergent Mercator University Duisburg for their waves. The steady wave resistance at assistance in conducting the model ex-this supercritical speed in Fig. 7b is periments and in computer program-much smaller than the mean value at the ming, respectively.

critical speed in Fig. 7a, pointing up the advantage of traveling at supercritical

speed. 7 References

Turning now to the ship moving in

shallow water without the side-wall Chen, X.-N. and Sharma, S.D. 1992, "A restriction, Fig. 8 shows a perspective Slender Ship Moving at a Near-critical view of the wave pattern generated by Speed in a Shallow Channel" , Pre-the pressure distribution moving at Pre-the sented at the 18th International Con-critical speed. Obviously, no solitary gress of Theoretical and Applied Me-waves are generated and the wave pat- chanics, Haifa, Israel, Published in tern relative to the uniformly moving Journal of Fluid Mechanics (1995), pressure is steady. Fig. 9 displays the Vol. 291, pp. 263-285.

wave pattern at a supercritical speed of

Fnh = 2.0. It is a steady wave pattern Choi, H.S. and Mei, C.C. 1989 "Wave comprising not only divergent waves resistance and squat of a slender ship but, surprisingly, also transverse waves moving near the critical speed in

re-FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

International Conference on Numerical nel", Proceedings of the 3rd

Ship Hydrodynamics, pp. 439-454. International Conference on Fast Sea

Transportation FAST'95,

Lilbeck-Ertekin, R.C., Webster, W.C. and We- Travemtinde, Germany, pp. 1313-1325. hausen, J.V. 1986: "Waves caused by a

moving disturbance in a shallow chan- Jiang, T. 1996, "Simulation of shallow nel of finite width", Journal of Fluid water waves generated by ships using Mechanics, Vol. 169, pp. 275-292. Boussinesq equations solved by a flux-difference-splitting method", Proceed-Graff, W., Kracht, A. and Weinblum, G. ings of the 11 th Int. Workshop on Water

1964 "Some extensions of D.W. Tay- Waves and Floating Bodies, Hamburg. lor's standard series", Transactions of

Society of Naval Architects and Marine Mei, C.C. and Choi, H.S. 1987 "Forces Engineers, Vol. 72, pp. 374-401. on a slender ship advancing near critical speed in a wide canal", Journal of Fluid Helm, K. 1940 "Effect of canal depth Mechanics, Vol. 179, pp. 59-76.

and width on ship resistance (in

Ger-man)", Hydrodynamische Probleme des Thews, J.G. and Landweber, L. 1935 Schiffsantriebs, Teil 2, Ed.: G. Kempf, "The influence of shallow water on the Verlag Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin, resistance of a cruiser model", US

Ex-pp. 144-171. perimental Model Basin, Navy Yard,

Washington, DC, Report No. 408. Jiang, T., Sharma, S.D. and Chen, X.-N.

1995, "On the Wavemaking, Resistance Tuck, E.O. 1966, "Shallow-Water and Squat of a Catamaran Moving at Flows past Slender Bodies", Journal of High Speed in a Shallow Water Chan- Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 26, pp. 81-95.

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hintertand Transports Institute _{of Ship Technology Duisburg}

with Shallow Water Effects

(a) Wave resistance at the critical speed Fnh = 1.0

0.07 r I I I I I I I

0.06

0.05

0.04-cc

0.03-*

0.02

0.01

0 ... ... 1 ... I ... I... 1 ... I .... .. .. .I

--0

20

40

60

80

100 120 140 160

tV/h

(b) Wave resistance at a supercritical speed Frih = 2.0

0.

0 2 5

r

,

,

,

,

I

,

0.02

•

0.015

0.01

0.005

0L.... I 1 _.. ...J ... I ... I ... I ...- .... I...I...

0

5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

tV/h

Figure 7: Time histories of wave resistance of a pressure distribution moving in a shal-low-water channel at water-depth h = I m and channel-width W = 8m

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR

RIVER-SEA AND

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING Hinterland Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg _{with Shallow Water Effects}

Figure 8: Perspective view of the wave pattern of a pressure distribution moving at the critical speed Fnh = 1.0 in shallow water at water-depth h = 1m

Figure 9: Perspective view of the wave pattern of a pressure distribution moving at a supercritical speed Fh = 2.0 in shallow water, at water-depth h = I m

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY SHORTSEA SHIPPING

Hinterland Transports Institute _{of Ship Technology Duisburg}

with Shallow Water Effects

(a) Wave resistance at the critical speed Fnh - 1 .0

0.025

0.02

0.015

Cr

0.01L

0.005

0 ... - -- ... ... ---... I ... I ... I ... ...-- --I

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

(b) Wave resistance at a supercritical speed Fnh = _2.0

0.01

7

0.009:7-0.008

0.007:ý

•

0.006

0.005

0.004

0.003

0.002

0.001

0 rI ... I ... ... ... --- ... --- ... I ... I -... I ... _J

0

5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Figure 10: Time histories of the wave resistance of a pressure distribution moving in shallow water at water-depth If = Ilm, channel-width W = 8m

FOURTH WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26th September 1997 SHIPS FOR RIVER-SEA AND

SHORTSEA SHIPPING

GERHARD-MERCATOR-UNIVERSITY DUISBURG, GERMANY Hinterfand Transports Institute of Ship Technology Duisburg with Shallow Water Effects

Paper 2

Dr-Ing H-G Zibell

Prof Dr-Ing E Mfiller

Lp)

FOURTh WEGEMT WORKSHOP 26Uý Setmbet 1997 be

GERHAOMERCATOR 4JVERSflY WU•RG. GEpMf

7

In•,t'A. ofr Tii ttv o uloq A~ •.t &•IOw Wo fV Effhs

Dr.-Ing. H G Zibell Prof. Dr.-Ing. E Miller Versuchsanstalt fir

Binnenschiffbau e.V. Duisburg

Inland Ships for Extremely Shallow Water

Abstract n R+D-program was carried out for the

Concerning the R-,D-project VEBIS development of new inland vessels,

(improvement of the efficiency of inland - which will help to increase transport

water transportation) innovative types of capacities on existing waterways and ships and propulsion systems were - which will also operate effectively with

developed and investigated for operation larger drafts under better conditions on extremely shallow water. The after rebuilding waterways [7].

investigations may result in an obviously

better utilisation of the inland waterways of Partners of the R+D-program were:

the new federal countries in Germany. Engineering Centre Shipbuilding, Rostock

Different types of ships and propulsion (IS)

systems are estimated and evaluated Potsdam Model Basin (SVA) considering the operation conditions. Schottel-Yard, Spay (SCHOTTEL) Optimal units for variable transport tasks Duisburg Model Basin (VBD) and regions of operation are presented Hamburg Model Basin (HSVA) with their transport capacities and power Techno Trans, Rostock (TTR)

demand. Hints and recommendations for Propeller- and Engine Factory, Wismar the design of inland ships for extremely (WPM)

shallow water can be taken from the results Dr. W. Pagel - Scientific Software

of the R±D-project. (WPSoft)

1. INTRODUCTION 2. CONCEPTS

In the near and farer future the It was stated, that existing concepts of improvement of the efficiency of inland vessels on inland waterways

waterway transport can not only be - self propelled inland ships

achieved with investments in waterways. - pushing inland ships

Innovative types of ships and propulsion - and pusher trains

systems will result in a better utilisation of are needed also in farer future as transport

the existing waterways. Over longer technology.

periods the rivers Elbe and Odra allow only

ships drafts between 1.0 m and 1.4 m. Recommendations for new types of vessels Therefore the new vessels to be designed on the rivers Elbe and Odra and the canal must be. qualified for extremely shallow system between the rivers resulted from the waters.