Minerały ilaste osadów serii poznańskiej z profilu Mastki

UKD 549.623.9:551.782.2:551.3.051:552.523/. 525(438.122 Mas1Jki k. Łowicza - profil)

Ryszard WYRWICKI, Andrzej WIEWlORA

Minerały ilaste osadów serII poznańskiei z profilu Mastki

WSTĘP

W

skład

'Osadów ilastych serii

poznańskiej wchodzą głównie

kwarc,

minerały

ilaste

wy.stępujące

w zmiennych proporcjaeh oraz niewielkie

Hoś'ci 'minerałów

poboeznych, takkh jak: 'muskowit, siarczki

żelaza,

tlenki

żelaza,

kalcyt, dolomit, syderyt, gips.

Pomijając

te ostatnie, naj-

więcej trudności

diagnostycznych

sprawiały

i

sprawiają minerały

ilaste.

Stąd,

mimo nadal licznych

badań,

nie 'ma dotychczas jasnego obrazu rodzaju i

ilości minerałów

ilastych, jakie

występują

w omawianej serii.

Ponadto badania dQtychczasowe

dotyczyły

próbek z

różnych

miejsco-

wości

i

różnych 'części

,serii

poznańskiej, przeważnie bli'żej

nie

określQ­

nych.

PrzykładowQ

J.

Kuźniar \(1'9'59) określił iły

z KlOnina jako illitowe i illitowo-'mQntmorilonitowe. Z. Tokarski i

zespół (1964)

w

składzie iłów

z MQsiny i Rudaka zidenty,frkowaH

minerały

z grupy illitu, montmo- rylonitu i kaolinitu. K. Meis'Sner (1962)

określił iły

z

nadkładu węgli

brunatnych okolic K!onina jako iHitowe,

zawierające

maksimum 20%

minerałów

z grupy mQntmorylonitu. H. Ropska

{19'68)

w

iłach

z Przysieki Starej jaklO

główne minerały określiła

illit i montmorylonit, którym to-

warzyszą

kaolinit i halQizyt. D.

Szyszło (19:67) ibadają,c

tegQ rodzaju

iły

z

różnych 'miejscQwości

potwierdza kh iUitowo-montmorylonitowy cha- rakter. J. Mojsiejenko

(1970)

w badanyeh

11

'Odmianach litolQgicznych osadów ilastych 'Omawianej serii

stwierdził współwystępowanie

illitu, montmorylonitu i kaolinitu; illitu i montmorylonitu; montmorylonitu i kaolinitu oraz 'mQntmorylonitu, illitu i kaolinitu.

S. Dyjor, A. BQgda, T. Chodak

(196,8)

w

iłach

serii

poznańskiej połud­

niowo-'zaehodniej Polski stwierdzili

występowanie

'illontmory lonitu, illitu i kaolinitu, przy ezym podali,

iż naj,częściej występujący1m

mine-

rałem

jestmontmoryIQn'it. Ponadto wykazali,

'że

prQPorcje

ilośdowe

po-

między posz,czegółnymi 'minerałami są

zmienne, 'Zarówno w pio- nowym ,serii, jak

też

w rozprzestrzenieniu poziomym.

W n'iniejlszym artykule przedstawione

zostaną

wyniki

badań

minera-

łów

ilastych z serii

poznańskiej, udostępnionej

wierceniem Mastki

1

wraz

Kwartalnik 'Geologic~ny. t. 16, nr 3, 1972 r.

708

Ryszard Wyrwicki, Andrzej Wiewióra

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Streszczenie

Ryszard WYRWICKI, Andrzej WIEWIÓRA

Summary

A bore made at near Łowicz Lowland) pierced, 2,5 m thickQuaternary' the Poznań series deposits (Pliocene).

of the Poznań series amoun ts here to 64 m. It consists of five

Cyc1e I the lowermost, one, corresponds to the horizon of grey c1ays, cyc1es II-V - to the horizon of green c1ays. The section at Mastki lacks most part of the Poznań series, Le. the horizon of veriegated clays.

Each cycle reveals grey and green-grey c1ays, c1ayey silts, and silts sands at the bottom. 10 sampIes for granulometrie, chemical, thermal and X-ray

have been tak en from the clay deposits considered. The knowledge of the mi- neraIs has been based on the c1ay fraction below 2 ;/-tm, separated from the deposits.

Chemieal composition of this fraction is given in Tab. 2, DTA curves - and X-ray diagrams - in Figs. 2-5.

The following resuIts have been obtained. The part of the c1ay miner aIs the deposits of the individual cyc1es and within the individual cycles is differentiated, ranging from 23'% to 71'010 by weight. A mineral of the beidellite-montronite series, disclosing a predominance of the beidellite particle, is the main clay mineral aU the cyc1es. In the above positions it inc1udes mainly divalent or monovalent cations, depending upon the stratigraphical position of the deposit. The least amount this mineral is noted to appear in c1ay minerais of the I cyc1e, i.e. the ,oldest The greatest percentage, more than 90^% , is observed in the youngest cyc1e V.

Kaolinite is found to occur in all the cyc1es of these deposits. The highest amount ot this minerais is in the Icyc1e, the lowest amount in the V cyc1e.

Illite occurs in the deposits of the cycles I-IV. Its predominance, about 30%, isobserved in the sample 01 the II cyc1e, whereas in the I cycle it does appear at alI.

In addition to the three clay min er aIs mentioned above, part of the analysed sampies from the lower portion of the section reveals the presence of another phase:

muscovite-beidellite.

Thus, three assemblages of clay mineraIs occur in the section considered: bei- dellite-kaolinite (sampies 1-4); beidellite-kaolinite-illite with traces of mixed struc- ture (sampIes 5, 6, 8); beidellite-illite-kaolinite and mixed structures (sampIes 7, 9, 10).

The differentiation of c1ay mineral composition, and, in consequence this, a differentiation ofchemical composition of the clay fraction have been a basis to subdivide the horizon of green clays into two parts. The upper part of the ho- rizon of the green clays, represented by the deposits of the V cycle (sampies 1-4), contains almost pure beidellite with divalent cations in exchangeable positions. Ka- olinite is here minor component.

The lower part of the horizon of the green clays, cycles IV-II, includes all the three clay miner aIs, Le. beidellite, kaolinite and illite, at places with an admi- xture of mixed-packet phase.

Streszczenie

Ryszard WYRWICKI, Andrzej WIEWIORA

Summary

A bore made at near Lowicz Lowland) pierced, 2,5 m thick Quaternary , the Poznan series deposits (Pliocene).

of the Poznan series amounts here to 64 m. It consists of five

Cycle I the lowermost, one, corresponds to the horizon of grey clays, cycles II-V - to the horizon of green clays. The section at Mastki lacks most part of the Poznan series, Le. the horizon of veriegated clays.

Each cycle reveals grey and green-grey clays, clayey silts, and silts sands at the bottom. 10 samples for granulometric, chemical, thermal and X-ray

have been taken from the clay deposits considered. The knowledge of the mi- nerals has been based on the clay fraction below 2 ;/-tm, separated from the deposits.

Chemical composition of this fraction is given in Tab. 2, DTA curves - and X-ray diagrams - in Figs. 2-5.

The following results have been obtained. The part of the clay minerals the deposits of the individual cycles and within the individual cycles is differentiated, ranging from 23'% to 71'010 by weight. A mineral of the beidellite-montronite series, disclosing a predominance of the beidellite particle, is the main clay mineral all the cycles. In the above positions it includes mainly divalent or monovalent cations, depending upon the stratigraphical position of the deposit. The least amount this mineral is noted to appear in clay minerals of the I cycle, i.e. the ,oldest The greatest percentage, more than 901()/o, is observed in the youngest cycle V.

Kaolinite is found to occur in all the cycles of these deposits. The highest amount of this minerals is in the I cycle, the lowest amount in the V cycle.

Illite occurs in the deposits of the cycles I-IV. Its predominance, about 300/0, is observed in the sample of the II cycle, whereas in the I cycle it does appear at all.

In addition to the three clay minerals mentioned above, part of the analysed samples from the lower portion of the section reveals the presence of another phase:

muscovite-beidellite.

Thus, three assemblages of clay minerals occur in the section considered: bei- dellite-kaolinite (samples 1-4); beidellite-kaolinite-illite with traces of mixed struc- ture (samples 5, 6, 8); beidellite-illite-kaolinite and mixed structures (samples 7, 9, 10).

The differentiation of clay mineral composition, and, in consequence this, a differentiation of chemical composition of the clay fraction have been a basis to subdivide the horizon of green clays into two parts. The upper part of the ho- rizon of the green clays, represented by the deposits of the V cycle (samples 1-4), contains almost pure beidellite with divalent cations in exchangeable positions. Ka- olinite is here minor component.

The lower part of the horizon of the green clays, cycles IV-H, includes all the three clay minerals, i.e. beidellite, kaolinite and illite, at places with an admi- xture of mixed-packet phase.

710

Ryszard Wyrwicki, Andrzej Wiewióra

The horizon of the grey clays, cyc1e I, is characterized by the occurrence of the three clay minerais, with the predominance of beidellite. In this sedimentary cyc1e the kaolinit e is found in greater amounts than in the previous cyc1es.

The differentiationof mineral composition of Poznań c1ays allows to eXiplain the di.fferen1Jia1Jion in technoil.ogical properties of clays us,ed as cerami'c materials. On account .of the lack of flOssHs it seems to be pos:slible to perform a hor.lzontal correla- tion of the strata of the Poznań serie's, too.

710

Ryszard Wyrwicki, Andrzej Wiewi6ra

The horizon of the grey clays, cycle I, is characterized by the occurrence of the three clay minerals, with the predominance of beidellite. In this sedimentary cycle the kaolinite is found in greater amounts than in the previous cycles.

The differentiation of mineral composition of Poznan clays allows to eXlplain the differentiation in technoil.ogical properties of clays us,ed as cerami'c materials. On account .of the lack of fossils it seems to be pos:slible to perform a horizontal correla- tion of the strata of the Poznan serie's, too.