Widok 3 iстори вивчення украшсъких народних дум (аналипичний огляд)

(1)

3 icmopii

BueueHHH

yKpamcbKux

HapoÓHwe

dyM

(aHCuiimuuHuu

osjmd)

TET51HA

EEU.EHKO

(CyMu)

1. YcTHa Hapo/iHa TBopnicTb, 3OKpewa eninna, CTaHOBHTb neoninenny

CKapÓHHUio HauioHajibHo! KynbTypH, „3aKOHHy rop^icTb”

kożkiioio

iiapo/iy

(PiuibCbKHH 1983: 132). Y

cboio

Mepry “yKpaiHCbKa HapcyjHoniccHHa cniKa, mo

csrae

cboim kop

I

hhbm b

eninny Tpa^Hniio KniBCbKoi Pyci i

b

OKpewnx

Biflrajiy>KeHH>ix HeBHHcpnana H aoci, CTaHOBHTb HeaónsKHH iHTcpcc

hct

I

jibkubk o

6’

ckt

npeKpacHoro, a

hbk

BTijieHHs iHTejieKTyajibHoi (|)ijioco(|)ci>KoT Komjenijn

TBopeHHB 6araTbox noKOJiinb” (Epmja 1979: 3).

Y KynbTypi KO>KHoro napo/iy e Taxe

bbmhic

,

skc

npirraMaHHC jiwine in, njo,

bk

npaBMjio, KOHfleHcye ayxoBHy cyTb fiapo;iy. Ą

tib

yKpaiHijiB

tbkhm

BBnnj,eM e

ayMa, mo BHpi3HBCTbCB CBOOK) OpnriHajIbHOK) i XapaKTepMCTHHHOłO nOCTHHHOK) i

My3HHHOfO (|)opMOio Ha Tjii nocTHŁiHHx

cthjhb

,

sk

I icHyioTb

b

ycHHX JiiTepaTypax

1

hihhx

HapofliB (EpyniCBCbKa 1927: V). y 3B B3Ky 3

ijmm

npe^MeTOM Hainoro

cnocTepoKCHHM o6npaio icTopiio

bhbhchhb

Ta AocjiupKeHHs ayMOBoro enocy.

M

c

TOK) flOCJliflBCCHHB 0 CHHTC3OBaHHM OFJlBfl HanpSMKiB i aCneKTlB HayKOBHX

flOCJiijjiB Haa pi3HopiBHCBOK) opraHi3au,ieK) jiyMOBoro enocy pcnpc3eHTOBaHHX y

cyMi>KHHx ryManiTapHHx rajiy3ax.

fl,yMy BH3HanaioTb

sk

“acaHp (

bm

^) cyTo yKpaincbKoro peHHTaTHBHoro

cthjho

napojiHoro rcpoiHHoro Jiipo-cnocy,

skhh

BHKOHyBajiH BaH/jpiBHi cniBui - My3HKn:

KOÓ3api, San^ypHCTM, jiipHHKH

b

HeHTpanbHiii i JIiBo6cpc>KHin yKpaini”.

(Jlimepamypo3Ha6miu

cjiobhuk

1997: 218.). YKpaiHCbKi Hapo^ni /jyMH - ue ycni

noeTHHHi TBopn cniHHoro xapaKTepy,

bskhx

Bijjo6pa>KCHi BH3HaHajibni cropiHKH

icTopHHHoro acHTTs napofly,

hoto

SopoTbóa 3 BoporaMH, „ocniBani

(2)

HaiixapaKTepHiiiii icTopHHHi nopii i

oco

O

h

, a uacTo i HCBipowi repoi, ane Bci

bohu

36epiraioTb ronoBHi pucu enoxn” (MapucHKO 1961: 190).

Hac BHHMKHCHH8 HbOTO ŻKaiipy (XV CT.) 3Óira€TbCa 3 (J)OpMyBaHHflM

yKpaiHCbKoi uanii. B

ochob

! pyM - icTopniini peanu XV~XVII

ct

.: CTpaacpaHHM

yKpaiHCbKux nojiOHeunx

b

TaTapcbKO-TypeubKiu HeBOJii; repoisapia nepcMor

yKpaiHCbKnx KOiaKia - nupapiB. “/lyMH

hc

Jiurne peMOHCTpyioTb HapopHe

SaucHHa icTopnuHMX nopiii, ane H yrijuoiOTb MopajibHi npnHuunu Ta ipeann, »Ki

BnpopoBMc cTOJiiTb ninTpuMyBajiu ipeio HapioHanbHoi HC3ajie>KHOCTi Ta

ocoóhctoi

ripHOCTi” (Marani 1997, H

hcjio

38: 2).

YKpaiHCbKi nyMu CTajiu npepMCTOM BceóiuHoro

bhbhchhs

y nepiuiii HBepri

XIX

ct

. U,i nipo-eniuui icTopuKO-noóyTOBi TBopu, ipo BUKOHyBajiucs

peuuTaTUBOM y cynpoBopi

koósh

, OaHpypu a6o nipu, npHBcpuynu po ce6e yBary

BipOMHX yUCHHX, JJOCJliflHHKiB.

TcpMiH dyMa Ha o3HaueHHa CTHJibOBOi BipMiHHOCTi

bcpmkhx

eniHHHX

hojiotch

Bip nicHi BB1B B yKpaiHCbKy (JjOPbKPOpHCTHKy M. MaKCHMOBHH y 3ÓipHHKy

MajiopoccuucKue necim

(M., 1827).

X ncpcpMOBi po HacTynuoro 3ÓipHHKa -

yKpaimcKue napodiibie necHU

(M., 1834) - ynenuu poKpapno po3TJiyMaiiMB Doro

cyTb:

pyMH ije cniBn, mo bhkjhohho HaneacaTb GamiypHcraM. Bia niccHB bohh BiapiiHMKrracu xapaKTepoM 6ijibin oii(>Bi;iHHM, BiJibHHM pcnMipoM, mo nojisrae y HCBHiHaneHiii KinbKOCTi i<)Hi'iHHx ctoii, xona iHo.ni (3a jiipn'innM xapaKTepoM yKpaiHCbKoi nocaiT) bohh ynoai6HK)K>Tbc>i no Hieni: To/ii h itaoyBaioTi, cTajioro niccHHOro po3Mipy,ix Bipnii Mafiace 3aB>K.'[n pHMOHaiti. 3m1ct

y 6ijIbHliH HaCTHHl icTOpHHHHH (MaKCHMOBHH 1834: 2).

,3,0

XIX

ct

. TepMiH dyMa He MaB opHO3HaHHoro BH3HaneHHfl.

OcTaTOHHC >K OCMHCJICHHH TepNHHa dyMa, HKHH 3aKpinHBCS 3a TBOpaMH panCOOTHHOro xapaKTepy HepiBHOCKJianoBoi 6ypoBH, HacTynae jiHine Ha nonaTKy XX ct., kohh Mi» pocjiipHHKOM i MaTepiajioM nocTaioTb BHKOHaaui hhx TBopiB - Ko63api Ta jiipHHKH - i kojih crae

hchhm: cthjib ix TBopaoci i e cawe Tieto o;ibimho HanionajibHoio rpa.amiicK) yKpaiHCbKoro enocy, siKy cjiip BBajKaTH nyMOBHM enocoM y BjiacHOMy posyMiHHi cjioaa (Tpaua 1979: 196).

Ha

iiO3HatiCHna pywy i’x cyuacHOMy posyMiHHi B>i<nBajin

tcpm

I

hh

KOjaubKuit

enoc, KozaybKi nictii (Kojiccca 1935: 30), KosaifbKi ncajibMii (Epupa 1979), TaKo>K

ix “Ha3HBajlH HOBajKHHMH, CB3THMH niCHMMH” (PpaóoBHH 1993: 32).

^yMH pocjiipacyBajiHca y (JjojibKjiopucTHHHOMy, jiiTepaTypoauaBHOMy,

jiiHTBicTHHHOMy, icTopHHHOMy Ta KyjibTypojioriHHOMy acneKTax, ujo

huikom

HoacHeHHe:

(3)

3 icmopii

sutmeHHfi

yKpaiHCbKiix

napo<)nux

dyM

TETBHA EEIJEHKO

/lyMM HajioKarb ,ao TaKoro cneiin(|jiMHoro poay TBopnocTi, b UKOMyCKOHUCHTpyBajiMCM 03Hai<H Bcix KOMnoHCHTiB:noeTHKH, My3HHHoro BHcnoBy Ta <j)opMH BHKOHaHHa (lpnua 1979: 197).

3 eniHHnx

acanpiB

yKpaiHCbKoro

(jjojibKJiopy

Hańóijibme

/iocjiifl>KyBajinca

;jyMn.

I ue 3po3yMijio, 3ayBa>Kye C. rpmja, afl»e caMe bohh e Bcpnimioio eninnoitbophocti yKpaiHCbKoro napo.iy. yKpaiHCBKa(J>ojiŁKJiopncTHKa XIX inonaTKyXX ct

.,

3acraBnin ,ayMii y CTani aKTHBHoro no6yryBaHHM, 3i6pajia bcjihkhh (j)ai<(MHHnii MaTepian i 3po6njia BaJKjimi cnpo6n HayKOBoroysaraJiBHeHHS (Tpntia 1979: .9).

HeopiHeHHHM

Ha^SaHHBM

e nySjiiKapii

ayM y

3ÓipHHKax:

Onbim

coopauua

cmapuHHbix

MajiopoccuiicKux Hapodiibix necHeii

M. IJepTejieBa

(1827),

YKpauHCKue HapodHbie

necnu

(H.I,

1834), C6opnuKyKpauHCKux

neceH

(H.I, 1849)

M. MaKCHMOBHBa,

MajiopoccuitcKue

u

uepBouopyccKue

HapodHbie

dyMbi

u

necHu

n.

JlyKauieetuua (1836),

Hapodiibie

tootcHo-pyccKue

necnu

A. MeTJiHHCbKoro

(1854),

3anucKii

o

IO

zkhou

Pycu

14. Kyjiima (

t

. 1,

1856;

t

.2, 1857),

3anncn

tckct

I

b

13

hothhm

MaTepiajioM

y

po3BijiKax

M. JlnceaKaXapaKmepucmuKaMy3biKcuibHbix

ocodemiocmeu

yKpauHCKux dyM u

neceH, ucnojiHtieMbix

KoÓ3ape.M

BepecaeM

(1874), ffyjua

npo XMejibHuybKoeo

ma

Eapaóaiua

(1888), <P.

K

ojiccch

Mejiodii

yKpaiHCbKiix

Hapodmix

dyM

(1910

—

1913).

y

HacTynni poKH

poóoTa

naji

BH/iaHHHMH

;iyM

npoflOBTKyBajiaca.

HańrojiOBHi-iiihmh

c

raKi upaui:

yKpaiitcbKi

Hapodm

dymi.

T

om

neptunu Kopnycy. TeKcmu

1—

13 i

ecmyn K.

TpyiueecbKoi (1927),

yKpamcbKi napodni

dyMu.

TeKcmu N°

14-33

K. rpymeBCbKoi

’

(1931

),^fyMU

ma

icmopuuui

nicm

-

ynopaAKyBaHHu

M. Iljiiceiib-

Koro,

3a

pea.

O. I. EineubKoro (1941),

KosaybKi

dyMu

XVIcm.

(1944),

yKpaincbKi

dyMu ma icmopumii

nicm

(1944), yKpamcbKi

dyMu

ma

icmopwmi

nictii 3a pcj.

M. PMjibCbKoro Ta

K. TycjiHCToro.

(1955),y7j7«w

(1959),

(1969), ffyMU

ma

nicm npo

E.XMeribHut(bKoeo

(1970), yKpauucKue

HapodHbie

dyMbi

(

1972),

ffyMU

(1974),

ffyMu:

IcmopuKO-eepoinHuu

hukji

(1982),

Eepoimiuu enoc

yKpamcbKozo

Hapody: XpecmoMamin (1993)

Ta

iw.

JIiTcpaTypo3HaBMHM anajiia

jjyMOBoro

cnocy

penpeseirryiOTb

npaiji

M. B03-H»Ka

Jly.Ma

npo

KosaKa-nemmy

b

3anuci

Kimpi

XVII

cm.

(1928),

13 sóipHUKa

Kondpai[bKoeo

Kimpi

XVIIcm.(\ 927),

IcmopuuHa

niwa

u

KO3anbKiiii

enoc

(1924),

K. FycjiHCTOro.

numanua

npo

icmopumiiyMosu

BuiiuKiieHiia

yKpaincbKux

dyM

(1958),

K. JJawuiKa

(1958),

M. KanHHHHeHKa

Tpaeimie

b

Hapodmix

dyMax

ma

icmopuHHux

nicHftx

(1976),

A. KiHbKO

lipo

poieumoK

peam3My

b

yKpaiucbKOMy

(4)

OyHaaMCHTajibiii npaiji, mo BHKOHam y niTepaTyposnaBHOMy HanpsMKOBi,

npeflCTaBBCHi po3BinKaMH E. Ktipnana: YKpauncKue uapodiibie dyMbi (XV - Han.

XVII CT.) (1962), YKpaUHCKUU

HapodHblU jriOC (1965), nOCJlin^KCHHMMH

H. KopoJieBHna YKpaincbKi

napodni dyMU ma icmopunni nicni (1959),

C. MnmaHHHa

Odun is nidposdijiieyKpaincbKux napodnux dyM (1992), Tlpumpinu

nayKoeoeo Budannn nosnozo 3idpaHHH yKpaincbKux napodnux dyM

(1989),

1 lopiem-uibne

bubhbhhh

enocy yKpaincbKozo ma niademio-cjioa ’nncbKux napodie

(1974),

TeKcmojiozdi sudanb yKpaincbKux napodnux dyM (1990), M. Haropnoro

riepiui 3pa3Kii padxmcbKux dyM i niceHb ma 3aBdanitH cmeopenna padnncbKOZO

enocy (1939), Ilicm i dy\tu yKpaincbKozo napody npo dopombdy 3 nojibCbKUM

naHcmsoM

b

Kimy XVI i I mpemimi XVII cm. (1938), E Hy/mrn JlyMa

b

nucanux

dofcepejiax XVI-XVIII cm. (197 (ty Ptysia

b

nucanux ()3icepejiaxXVI-XVHIcmojiimn

(1985), Idea ceododu

b

yKpaincbKOMy noemunnoMy enoci (1978), Flapodia

b

yKpaiHCbKiu napodmu meopnocmi (1961), YKpaincbKuu noemunnuu enoc: dyMu

(1971), YKpaincbKi

dyMU

b

amjiiucbKux nepeKJiadax ma Kpumuip (1966),

YKpaincbKi dyMuy (Dpanipty 1965), YKpaincbKi dyMu

b

niMeybKux nepeKJiadax ma

Kpumuyi

(1964), 14. IlaBJiia YKpaincbKi napodni

dyMu: docjiidatcennH 3 icmopii

yKpaincbKozo napodnozo eepoinnozo enocy (1955), ty o numannn npo

noxodoKeHHH dyM (1940), M. IIjiiceiibKoro llumaniin poieumKy enocy

b

yMosax

buhukhchhh

depotcasnocmi (1959),

Lum

MypoMenb dwiUH i FanoKa Andudep dyM

(1961), YKpaincbKuu eepoinnuu enoc (1959), Fenesuc ma ideimicmb dyMu

npo

CaMiiuia Kiuncy (1960), ffyMa npo noxid sanopootcipB na KaBKai (1958), 3eadKa

npo KajiMUKie

b

yKpamcbKiu napodniu dyMi (1963), lipo icmopunny ocnosy

yKpaiHCbKozo napodnozo enocy (na Mamepiajii MajioBUBHenux dyM npo Eozdana

XMejibHui(bKozo) (1979),

lipo

noxod3KenHH dyMu “Isacb KonosnenKo” (1961).

^.OTHHHi ao JiiTcpaTypo3HaBHHx erynii! i po3BinKH npo pnTMiKy nyM:

M. KocTeHKa

O cmuxeyKpauncKux dyM u ezo

cbhbu

c dbuiuHHbiM cmuxoM (1985)

Ta E. EynKa PunuiiKa yKpaincbKux

napodnux dyM i jiimepamypnuu sipui

(1981).

Ba>KJIHBHMH € MipKyBaHHa C. €(J)pCMOBa mon.0 nOXOA5KeHHS i OIjiHKH

3HanymocTi Hapo/jHoT TBopnocri, 3OKpeMa ayw, 3HanymocTi i'x nna CTaHOBJicHHs

yKpaincbKoi mobu i JiirepaTypn. C. C(j)pcMOB “nayKOBO noBiB [...] opraninny

6nH3bKicTb HapoAHonoeTHHHoro ii khmtkhoto xyuo>KHboro mhcjichhm, hkc noci

3ajinina€TbC5i Mano Bn«BjieHHM (JjaKTOM, xon i 3araubHOBH3HaHHM [...]”

(MajinHCbKa 2001, Mhcjio 48, c.ll). C. CcjipeMOB BBancaB, mo, nyMH,

“6e3nepenHO, noBHxomum 3 KpyriB nncbMeHHnx, no napony 6nn3bimx - on

niKonapcTBa, n»KiB - nuBopisiB, iHTenireHTHoro KO3apTBa, — ane TaK noninnnn,

CKaaaTH 6, y caMy nyiuy Haponmo, mo BTpaTnnn Bci cboi mnHBinyajibHi pucu,

(5)

3 icmopii' eumeHHH yKpa'iHCbKux napodnux dyM

TETKHA EEIJEHKO

o6iujiixTyBaBmncb Ha HaHKpami, mtokc, 3pa3Kn, napo/moi TBopHOCTi” (C(|)pcMOB 1989, t.1: 303). Orace, 3a C. C^pcmobum, 3apo/iHJiHca nywn “Ha KyjibTypHOMy rpyHTi. Tbophmmh ix oyjni Ti iHTCJiireHTHi jikmh, mo ctobjih 6jih3bko /jo no/jiii, ajie Hepe3 Te, mo nonii 3amnajiH iHTcpccH mnpoKHx Kin nocnijibCTBa, nyMH CTaBanH ixHbOK> meojioricio, iipnmeriJiK)Bajinca b napoci i TpaTHim cjiiaH cboto

iHflHBi/iyajibHoro noxoa>KCHHa, HaOyBaioHH HaroMicTb puc kojickthbhoi

TBopnocTi” (CtjipeMOB 1995: 255). HaTania Kohohchko, cninoM 3a . Koueccoio, BiflCTOlOe BHTOKH flyM 3 FOJIOCiHb. Xf,OCJliflHHH», BH3H31OHH 6jlH3bKicTb żiyM JJO pCJliriiiHHX TBOpiB, npHXO/lHTb no BHCHOBKy, Hio nyMH - Lic “nOMHHaJlbHi

mojihtbh” (Kohohchko 1993: 30).

C. rPHHi HajICSCHTb 3H3HHHH nopoOoK, npHCBHHCHHH nOCJimTKCHHlO nyMOBOTO enocy, bhkoh3hhh y pyciii mhctchtbo3hsbhhx nomyKiB. MoHorpacfiia C. FpHim

Mejioc yKpaincbKoi’ napodnoi eniKu aBJiae co6ok> nocjiin>KCHHH Menocy H3pO4HOnicCHHOi' eniKH, B TOMy HHCJli i nyM (nopan 3 ÓaJianaMH, icTOpHHHHMH nicHHMH, xpoHiK3MH); eniK3 poirnanacibca nocjiinHHHCK) y TicHOMy 3B’»3Ky 3 icTOpHHHHMH i TCpHTOpiaJlbHHMH yMOB3MH 11 pO3BHTKy, BHKOH3BCbKOK) TpSflHpiciO Ko633piB i JlipHHKiB. C. IpHH3 H3M3ra€TbCM OX3p3KTepH3yB3TH H3HB3>KJlHBiini pHTMoiHTOHamHHi CTpyKTypH CTpO(|)iLIHO'i T3 3CTpO(j)iHHOi eniKH 3 yp3XyB3HHMM ii THnOJIOriHHHX 3aKOHOMipHOCTCH, pO3po6jiae MCTOnHKy 3H3Jli3y nyM Ha pHTMimiOMy i MCJioniiinoMy piBHax, nparHe MKHaHHOBHinie po3KpnTH ocoOjiHBOCTi B3aeMOflii b hhx TpannLiiHHHx Ta iMnpoBi3au.inHHX Hanaji. CneuH(|)iKOio i BH3HaHajibHoio pncoio nocjiinaceHHa C. FpHijH e Te, m,o boho

BHCTynae “cnpoóoio ananisy i KJiacHiJiiKapii yKpaiHCbKoi nicennoi eniKH b

OCHOBHHX ii' >KaHpOBHX i TCMaTHHHHX pi3HOBH4aX, B CflHOCTi CJ1OB3 i My3HKH”

[BHflijieHHa Hanie - T.B.] (Fpnna 1979: 3), anace „noHarra enoc, mo osnanae:

cjiobo, poanoBinb, nicHa, — ue Ta ninaHKa TBopnocTi, aKa HańSinbinoio Mipoio yocoSnioe chhkpcth3m nepBicHoro MHCTeiiTBa, noe/manna b HbOMy pi3HHx Hanan: cnoBa, My3HKH, naHTOMiMn” (Fpinia 1979: 4). PosrjianaiOHH acTpocJiiHHy eniKy, no aKoi najie>KaTb nyMH, C. Ppupa ai<ryajii3yc yiiary Ha TaKHX nHTaHHax, aK TepMin dyMa Ta nncjiepeHiiiania acanpy b niTcparypi; KOMno3HninHa Monenb nyMH; npHHHHHH CMHCJIOBOi TOTOHCHOCTi B /jyMax; MeilOnHHHa MOneilb; iHTOHauiHHO-JianoBa CTpyKTypa nyM; Tpannnia Ta iMnpoBisania b nyMax.

U,iKaBHMH, TaKHMH, mo MaiOTb xapaKTep CHHKpeTHHHHx, e nyOjliKanii C. FpHijH y ncpio/iHiii, 3OKpewa CTarra YKpamcbKi dyMU aMi^icemiiiuiio.My dicuiosi

(1995:68-81). .ZJocjiinnHija BincToioe TC3y npo tc, mo nyMH bhhhkjih y XV-X VII

ct. - tooto b TaKHH nepiojj y acniri yKpaiHCbKoro napony, aKHH BHCTynae ncpionoM “hoto po3BHTKy aK Hapo^HocTi i nanii, aKTHBHoro nianory 3 Ihuimmm

(6)

CTHOcaMH y apaMaTHHHHX i Mnpojno6HHx cnTyaijiax -

boch

i npHMHpcHb”. B

aconcH i3 noncpe4Hix ncpionin CBoei icTopii YKpama

hc

3Hajia Taicnx aKTHBHMx

KOHTaKTiB 3

ihiiipimh

nepa<aBaMH, aK y Ha3BaHHH, - 3 nonbmeio, Pocieio,

TypeHHHHOK), KpHMCbKHM

x

3

hctbom

, ABcrpieto, lUBenieto, CnOpajJHHHO 3

Opaiiiiicio, iTajiieio, Icnanieio. ToMy, iaiaHanac C. Fpnna, “cTan BUBncHHa

yKpaiHCbKoro nyMOBoro enocy Mir 6

h

6yrn immicaTopoM noniTHHHHX cnpaB

yKpaiHCbKoro iiapo/iy, Moro cxo,T>KCHb i CTarHapiii

b

icTopmiHOMy po3BHTKy”

(TpHua 1995: 69). X(ocnin>KeHHa

hc

noroa>KyeTbca 3 noinnpcHMMH nornanaMH

yqeHHx, mo ayMH 3BynaTb aK CKapra: “3rinHo i3 3ranKaMH npo KOłannnny, axi

MaeMO 3 XVI-XVn

ct

., onHcaMH noóyry KO3aijTBa,

komhjickc

CTpanHHpTBa,

acanio He 6yB iioMy BJiacTHBHM” (Tpnija 1995: 69).

C. TpHua TaKO>K 3Bcprae yBary Ha Te, mo “nopiBHsjibHi nocnin/Kciina nyM

MaM»ce nocnijib Bocepejmjincb na cio>i<crax, icTopmmnx peaniax. FIo3a yBaroio

3ajiHniHHHCb rnnÓHHHi

mobh

I mapn nyM - crpyKrypHHH, jieKCHKO-(J)OHiHHHH”

(TpHHa 1995: 74), 3a

skhmm

Moama poÓHTH

bhchobkh

npo KOHTaKTH 3

ihhihmh

HapoaaMH.

My3HKO3HaBcub, (J)OJibKJiopncT O. Konccca

hphcbhthb

nyMa.M KinbKa pi3Ho-

6iHHHX pO3BiaOK. Y HOTO flOCnm>KeHHaX, OKpiM My3HKO3HaBHHX CTyniii,

npe/icTaBJiCHO (JjojibKJiopHCTHHHi, jii'icparypo3iianHi, niniBicTnnni MarepiajiH.

U,c Taxi npaiii,

hk

Mejiodii

yKpamcbKwc Hapodnux dyM (1969), YKpamcbKi

napodni dyMu. klepuie nome BudaHHH 3 poifńÓKoio, noficHeHHHMU, iiomaMU i

3HIMKOMU Kooiapia (1920), YKpaiHCbKi napodni dyMu y Bidnotuenni do niceub,

eiputie i noxopoHmix zojiocuib (1920), opMyjiu 3aKiH'ieniix

b

yKpamcbKux

iiapodHux dyxtax y 3s’fi3Ky 3 numaHUHMU HasepcmBysaHun dyM (1935).

K

jiiohobhmh

noraa,gaMM <t>. K

ojiccch

Ha npnpo^y ayM e noB’a3yBaHHa ocTaHHix 3

rojiociHHaMM. Bn3HaHaabHHMH y po3B’a3aHHi ijboro HHTaHHa, Ha ayMKy

<t>. KojieccH, MoacyTb 6yrn “^ocniAH Haa

hocthhhhm cthjicm

ayM” (Konecca

1935: 31).

„BażKua ponb, axy BiairpaioTb y ayMax Tpa^HniiiHi

cxcmh

onoBiaaHHa ra

cninHi noBTopcHHa ii (J)opMyjiH, 3acBiflHyiOTb nonaa ycaKHH cyMHiB npo ycny

TcxniKy ix CKJiaaaHHa ii nepe/jani”, sasnanae 0. Koaecca, a TnnoBi 3aKiHHeHHa

4yM “MO>KHa BBaamTH ix HaimaBniiiiHMH HacTHHaMH”, mo aaioTb uinni BKaaiBKH

moflo HaBepcTyBaHHa ii rpynyBaHHa ayM (Konecca 1935: 33). . Konccea

hc

npHHMae ii KaTcropHHHO aancpe^ye noraann n. TKHTepbKoro npo 3anc>KHicTb nyM

sin BipinoBoi jiircparypH XVI1-XVII1

ct

.: “... jjyMH

hc

e Ha nojiOBHHy HaponHHMH

a Ha nojiOBHHy

khkkhmmh

CKJia/iaHHaMH”. BGanaioHH y ronoeiHHax

ncpmonaccpcjia KO3aiibKoro cnocy, <t>. Konecca npoBonHTb nyMicy, mo Bin Tony i

(7)

3 icmopii aueneHiin yKpaiHCbKux Hapodnux dy.u

TETEHA EEIJEHKO

Mejionii rojiociHt ayMH nepeiiHajiH totobhh, ynce jjaBHiuic bhpoGjichhh

pCUHTaLUHHHH CTHJIb, 36araTHBinHCb HOBHMH MOTMBaMM, 5Hkhtt3 (Kojiecca 1935: 39). Ilpu ijbOMy <J>. Kojiccca nijiKpccjnoe, mo HaiinaBHiniHMH TpeGa npn3Harn HCBijibHHijbKi njiani Ta ayMH npo yTcny 3 TypeubKoi hcbojiI: bohh moehh tbophthch bjkc b I noji. XVI ct. “HcBijibHnubKi njiani ii nyMH npo TypcubKy hcbojho CTBopeni nią bhjihbom ni.mi- eccHoro HacTpoio, mo noaióni 40 nocTnnHHX ronocinb y c|)opMi n tohI, Ta MaGyTb HaBiTb CKjiaflcni nijj MCJioniinoxopoHHnx rojiocinb” (Kojiecca 1935: 62). U,i nyMH “oópncoByioTb nepcBa>KHO cyMHi ii cTpamni KapTHHH HCBOJii, KpHBaBoi homcth, yieiii ccpcjj rpi3Hnx He6c3neK, jinijapcbKoi CMepTi, - bohh OBiani CMyTKOM i rp- o3oio flHKoro nojia Ta npoHH3ani ejihGokhm jiipH3MOM; pijiKO CTpinaioTbca bhhx

npoÓJiMCKH paaocTi, a ii acmmi KapTHHH...” (Konecca 1935: 65).

y uyMax npo XMCJibHHHHHHy, nasnaKH, “nporjiajiae CKpi3b caMOBHCBHemcTb Ta Ga/jbopnii Hacrpin no6in.HHKa, i ne BnaBJiaeTbca ryMopoM Ta 3jio6hoio

HacMiniKOK), mo BHKjnoHae aGo Gojiaii 3HaHHO oGMeacye jiipHHHO-ejierinHHH cji- eMCHT” (Konecca 1937: 65), i b>kchc noMinacTbca TaKoro tIchoto 3B’a3Ky “miżk

jjyMaMH npo XMCJibHHHHHHy h Hapo/iHHMH nicHBMH Ta TOJiociHHHMH” (Kojiecca 1935: 65). ni3HiniHMH, nijiKpecjnoc O. Kojiecca, Tpe6a npH3Ha™ TaKOJK pyMH 3 pOJIHHHOrO JKHTTM.

y icTopnHHOMy paKypci pyMH BHBHajia KaTcpnna rpyniCBCbKa. ^ocjiijmniia BBa>Kajia, njo 3a TeKCTaMH hhx TBopiB MO>KHa 3po6n™ nepcBipKy icTopnnHoro 3MicTy KoGaapcbKoro enocy (FpyniCBCbKa 1997: 12). K. FpyineBCbKa BijjCTOioe nyMKy, mo Tpeóa myKaTH icTopnnni jpKcpejia (icTopHMHy nipocHOBy), »Ki jimtjihb

ocHOBy jiyM - 3 onHoro 6oKy; 3 ppyroro - 3a caMHMH pyMaMH motkhb poGhth

neBHi bhchobkh: tckcth jiyM, nopii Ta (jiaKTH, onncani bhhx, e tbkhmh, mo B35rri i3 jkhtth, piiiCHOCTi. K. FpyineBCbKa 3aHManaca TaKO>K 36npannaM, CHCTCMaTH3anicm Ta ohhcom BH/jaHb pyM (jihb. Ilepednc cjiobo po 36. YKpamcbKi Hapodm dyMu. Tom nepu.mii Kopnycy, 1927. - CV-CCXX). B icToponnoMy njiani

no/iaHO i po3BmKy Ipnnn Marani YKpaiucbKi iiapodni dyMu y BudanHfix ma docjiidoKeimnx (1997, Hhcjio 38(54): 2-3; 1997, Hhcjio 40(56): 2-3).

IloKa3OBHM e nmxi/i no jjocjiimKCHmi jjyM y aHTponojiormnoMy acncKTi, “npn HKOMy, BBaiKac O. FpaóoBHH, - cncTCMa KOop/jHHaT BH3HaiaeTbca cnciimJiiKOło KyjibTypH, a hc żKaupy, i nyMH poarmmatOTbca bkbhtboph KyjibTypm hk KyjibTypni sBHma” (1993: 30). Ottkc, mo6 ojicp>KaTH pisnoGinny, nocTOBipiio TJinGoKy i nepcKOHJiiiBy imjiopMamio npo ni caivio6yTHi MHCTeubKi bhtboph yKpaiHCbKoro rema, TpeGa, Harojiomye O. TpaGoBni, bhbhbth i‘x, “jinme nocTaBHBinn jjyMH b

(8)

Ta icTopuKH” (TpaSoBUH 1993: 31). FoBopanH npo BaacjiHBicTb 3HaneHHa AyMOBoro enocy b Kyjibiypi napo;iy, O. FpaSoBHH nipKpecaioe, njo pyMH “3a6e3ncLiyiOTi> MCxani3M jGcpoKcmia b Kyjibrypi i nepeflani cycnijibHHX BapTo- CTCii, HOpM i npHHHaTTH 1CTHH, IIJO CTOCyiOTbCa 3arajlbHOJIIOflCbKHX HOpM i Mopani. Ceno ijboro nepcKasy, unx KyjibTypimx a6o yHiBepcajibHMX Icthh Moaoia 3Hań™ hc TaK Ha piBHi nopiii, aK fjihOiiic, Ha piani MitjMHHoro mhcjichhs [...], a TaKoac Ha piBHi caMoro BHKOHaHHa” (FpaóoBHH 1993: 32).

2. HaHiiiHHiniHMH 3-noMia< npaub, noBHicTio hh (JiparMeHTapHO npncBaneHHx jjocjiijj>KeHHK) mobh Ta cthjho yKpaiHCbKnx napo,THnx ayM, Ha Hani iiorjiaa, e poóoTH n. /KmenbKoro, . Kojieccn, M. PnjibCbKoro, O. Hasapyica. Hacawncpea cjii;i na3BaTH npanio IL TKnTcnbKoro Mbicjiu o napoÓHbix MaiiopyccKux dyxtax (1893) (b yxp. nepeKjiajji BHnnuia nip na3BOio lipo yKpamcbKi napodm dyMu) (1912), »Ka e nepinoio HayKOBOK) cnpoóoio BHBneHHa 6araTbox HHTanb, noB’aiannx 3 pyMaMH, 3OKpeMa - mobhhx oco6jihboctch pyM. CaM fi. 3KHTeubKnH ochobhhm 3aBjjaHHaM CBoei npaui BBaacaB “Aocjiipa<eHHa iiocthh-

hoi (JiopMH ayM, BncjioBjiioioHncb Tonninie, pocnipacenna noxopa<eHHa piei (J)OpMH B 3B’a3Ky 3 Ho6yTOBHMH i KyjIbTypHHMH yMOBaMH HapO^HOTO TKHTTfl” (^KnTepKHH 1893: 108) (Tpc6a yToann™, ipo nonaTTa hocthhhoi (jiopMH FI. TKnTepbKHH poaywiB pocHTb niHpoKo, Bi^Hocann po Hboro aK BipinoBnii po3Mip, óyaoBy cTpoiJ), TaK i BJiacne mobhI 3aco6n opranisanii (rpaMarnnni (JiopMH, cjiOBa-CHMBOJin Ta in.). FI. )KHTeubKnn nopyumB TaKe najjsBHHanno BaaaiHBe nHTanna, aK noxo/j>KeHHa ;iyM. y pciyjibraTi cnocTepeacenb Bin jiininoB BHCHOBKy, njo peii acanp yKpaiHCbKoro (jiojTbK.nopy bhhhk nifl BnjimoM nnceMHOCTi, niKuibnoi jiiTepaTypn. Towty ayMn i aBJiaiOTb co6ok> caMoóyrni, opHTinajibHi (JiopMH noeTHHHoi TBopnocTi, napomni 3a CBiTornaflOM Ta moboio, i b toh ace nac KHnaaii 3a ocoójihbhm cKna/jOM ayMKn i cnocoSaMHTi BnpaaceHHa. “Y MOBi Ta HOCTHHHOMy CTHJli AyM BHpa3HO BHCTynaC KHHa<HHH Jiafl MOBH, aKHH CBUjnHTb, mo jiiTeparypHa /liajibnicTb yKpaincbKnx nncbMCHHHKiB He MHHyna 6e3 cjii^y ana HapoAHoi CBUjOMOCTi” (TKhtchkhh 1893: 2).

BóanaionH B3aeMO3ajieacHicTb Mia< cjiopMOio i 3m1ctom, FI.I. 5Kht6hkhh

flOBOjjHTb, njo “BipmoBa (JiopMa ayMH e b noBHiii BianoBi/jHOCTi 3 ii BHyrpiniHboio SynoBoio, aKa BHpaacaeTbca caMOK) n nasBoio” (>KHTeuKHM 1893: 7), a^a<e “y /jyMi nepe.wTbCM npodyMane onoBi/ianna npo nojjiio, i TOMy noeranna MOBa ayMii BHMarae TaKoro Biprna, aKnii 6n 6e3yMOBHO nancacaB jiyMpi, aKHH 6h

BiflryKyBaBca Ha Bci HaHMeHini bhmoth” (TKhtchkhh 1893: 7). FI. 3Khtchbkhh

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3 icmopii BueueHHfi yKpaincbKux napodnux dyM

TETMHA EEIJEHKO

no6i>KHO, npoTC aKUCHTysaB yaary Ha pojii chhohImIb y ayMOBOMy cnoci; 40 nona 3opy BHCHoro noTpann.nn soohImh, aKi e CKaajjHHKaMH HapioHaabHoro CBiTorjuifly i b ayMax BHCTynaiOTb aKTyaaisaTopaMH meiiHO-3MicTOBoro Ta xyao>KHbo-o6pa3Horo 3MicTy; IL TKHTcpbKHH anajiisye TaKoac apxai'3MH, xoh i He jjac im hItkoto BH3HancHHa, 3BepTae yBary Ha (JiyHKiiioHyBaHHa ucpKOBHO- CJI0B’HHi3MiB.

UjKaBi i 3MiCTOBHi BHCHOBKH 3pOÓHB H. TKHTCllbKHH 11(0/10 CHHTaKCHHHOl opraHi3apii ayM. Hhm BnaBjiCHO, m,o jjOMinaHTHOio <J)opMoio npncy/jKiB BHCTynae CKJiafleHHH aiecjiiBHHH npncyAOK 3 fliecjiOBaMHMarni, Mozmu, 6ymw. BUjsnaneHO TaKy noMiTHy pncy, sk HaaBnicTb oflHopi/iHnx npncyziKiB; BCTanoBJieno aoMinyBaHHa cKJiaflHocypa4Hnx pcneHb, HaronoincHo Ha iHBcpcinnocTi po3MinjcHHa iii/ipa/inoT nacTHHH; onncano (JjyHKijioHyBaHHa ncpio^iB; 3po6jieHO aKpeHT Ha poni 3BcpTaHb y MOBHO-CTHJibOBin opraniaauiH jiyM. n. 5KnTcii,bKHH oxapaKTcpn3yBaB i TaKy BHTHanajibHy 03HaKy ayMOBoro Bipma, hk TOHajibHicTb.

Mbiciiu o Hapodmix McuiopyccKux dyMax - hc e/jHHa npapa, /je n. TKhichkhh

TOpKaBCM npOÓJICM, nOB'»3aHHX 3 JiyMOBHM enOCOM. BcJIbMH UlKaBi MipKyBaHHH npo MOBy i cthue ayM 3Haxo/jHMO b poóoTi O nosmuuecKOM cmujie u

jiumepamypHou (jjopjwe „Cjiosa o nojiKy Hzopeae”, b hkih, anajiisyionn cTHJib C/ZOea, FI. >KHTCUbKHH CJli^OM 3a M. MaKCHMOBHHCM Ta <t>. EyCJiaCBHM, rOBOpHTb npo 3b’s30k Cjioaa 3 yKpaiHCbKOK) HapoflHoio noc3ieio (^Khtcukhh 1987: 276-277).

LJiHHHMH eHaaGaHHH M. PnjibCbKoroy papHHi Aocjiifl>KeHHa MOBHOCTHJibOBnx

ocoójihboctch ayM. HesancpeHHy BapTiCTb CTaHOBHTb npaua repoimiuu enoc

yKpaiHCbKozo Hapody (okpcmhm BnaaHHMM noóaHHJia cbIt y 1955), y sKiii 3Hanna yBara npH/njiena ;iyMaM. M. PnjibCbKHH, 3OKpeMa, ci Bcp/i/KyBaB, mo “yKpaincbKi ayMH Ta icTopnHHi nicHi MaiOTb HC3anepcHHi pncn cnopiflHeHOCTi 3 6hjihh3mh” (PnjibCbKHH 1983: 134). Posrjia^aiOHH jjOTHnnicTb, cxo>KicTb, cnopujnenicTb ayM i óhjihh, aBTop onocepc/jKOBaHO BKasye Ha yKpaiHCbKC (KHiBCbKC Ta HOBropo^cbKe) noxoa>KeHHa óhjihh, »ki “uoci MaroTb pa# ocoójihboctch, 3OKpeMa neH3a>KHHX, mo BKaayioTb Ha Micpe ix ncpsicHoro 3apoa>KCHHa” (PnjibCbKHH 1983: 134). “B3arajii,-HarojiomyBaB M. PnjibCbKHH, -nHTanmi npo BHyTpinmi i cjiopMajibHi 3b’h3kh óhjihh Ta ayM, hkc He pa3 nopymysajioca jjocjimHHKaMH, noTpcóyc mc cboto noranSjicHoro bhbhchhm” (PnjibCbKHH 1983:

135), mo, 6e3cyMHiBHO, i chorejmi e aKTyaiibHa.

PnjibCbKHH BÓaiaB i SeinepenHi o3HaKH cnopijmenocTi yKpamcbKoro cnocy 3 enOCOM ÓOJITapCbKHM Ta CCpÓCbKHM: “CTHJliCTHHHi OCOÓJIHBOCTi Cep6CbKHX cnmHHx niceHb [...] MaiOTb nHMano cnijibHoro i 3 GnjinHaMH, i 3 jjyMaMH”

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(PujibCbKHH 1983: 16). Yhchhh npnpinHB yBary nopiBHapbHO- 3icTaBHOMy anajii3OBi cneijHc|)iiiHHX puc i BipMiHHOCTeii icTopnMHnx niceHb Ta pyM.

npHKMCTHoio y pocpipJKcmii M. PtuibCbKoro c opieHTapia yncHoio Ha MOBHy cncijH(|)iKy pyM. Y hchhm y 3araPbHOMy BHrpapi OKpecpeHO peKCHKO-ceMaHTHHHi, CHHTaKCHHHi OCOÓjIHBOCTi MOBHO1 Opianiianii PyM. 3OKpCMa, M. PHPbCbKHH Bifl3HaqaB, njo “cpip 6h 3BepnyTH yBary i Ha pncy pyMOBoi hocthkh, poci Hajic>KHO ne BHBHCHy” (PnjibCbKHH 1983: 141). Yhchhh 6aHHB y hocthhhhx

(J)opMax, (|)irypax, 3aco6ax pyMOBoro enocy opnrinapbHi 3pa3KH HapioHajibHoi MOBOTBOpHOCTi. CaMC M. PHPbCbKHH nONHTMB, 111,0 “ijiKaBOIO OCOÓJlHBiCTIO PyM c

ii rpaMaiHHiii HenpaBHPbHOCTi” (ijiopMH naxop>KajiH, pasać, po3Homajin Ta

ih.) (PHJIbCbKHH 1983: 142). M.T. PnPbCbKOMy HajieiKHTb bhcjhb npo tc, i no y pyMax cnocTcpc>KeHi “cKJiapm, nopiSni po roMepiBCbKHx, hphkmcthhkh Ta iMCHHHKH” (PHJIbCbKHH 1983: 142).

He MCHin BaJKJiHBi i prrepaTypo3HaBHi KOMeHTapi M. PnjibCbKoro, nopani po TCKCtIb pyM. 3-nOMi>K iHIHHX piHTBicTHHHHX POCPipJKCHb Ha OCOÓPHBy yBary 3acnyroBye iipaipi O. Haiapyra Moimi ocoóJiUBocmi yKpamcbKux iiapodHux dyju (1968). B mii noepHano piTepaTypo3HaBHHH anapia i3 jiiHTBicTHHHHM, BMimeno niHpoKHH MaTepiaji nopiBHapbHoro 3MicTy. YncHOMy HajieiKaTb nopapbnii cnpoÓH oórpyHTyBaHHM bhhhkhchhp pyM; piKaBHM e poapiji Moana npaKmuKa

KoósapiB-óaHdypucmin Ha (})OHi 3a2ajibHO2o po3BumKy yKpaincbKoi mobu

15—17cm. Y po3pipi IloemmHa Moaa dyjw anapisycTbCu khhjkhb, pepKOBHo- CBOB’sHCbKa i Hapopna peKCHKa; 3ano3HHeHHa, Tponn (eniTCTH, rinepSopn) Ta in., (|)pa3eoHori» pyM, hocthhhhh CHHTaKcnc (nopiBHHHHn, o3HaqcHHa, 3BepTaHHa) Ta in. I xona npaim O. HaaapyKa Ha cboropni hc e TaKoio, ipo hobho, 3 ypaxyBaHHMM HaHHOBiuiHx nipxopiB bhcbItpioc npoSpcMaTHKy, cneijHiJiiKy Ta CBoepipnicTb MOBHoi opi aiiiiaiiii yKpai'HCbKHx HapopHHX pyM, - HH3Ka HHTaHb BHMarae neperpapy, yTOHHeHb, inaKinoro TpaKTyBaHHs, npoTe Bona CTaaa BaiKPHBOK) Bixoio TeopHTHHHoro pocaipjKeHHa pyMOBoro enocy.

3acpyroByiOTb Ha yBary thkojk CTypii 3 posraapanoi npoSpcMH Jl. PaK, npHCBHHeHi pOCpipaceHHIO PCKCHKO-CeMaHTHHHOl CHCTCMH PyM, 3OKpeMa TonoHiMinHoro, CHHOHiMiHHoro MaTepiapy; piKaBHM e cnocTepejKCHHa 3a anapisoM mobhhx 3aco6iB rincp6opi3aijri, ipo 3piHCHCHi uippxom nopiBHaHHa rincpSop 6hphh, pyM Ta icTopHHHHX niceHb, y peaypbTaTi noro 6ypo 3po6pcHO BHCHOBOK npo TC, ipO ll,i TBOpH “CKPapeHi Ha OCHOBi JKHBO1 HapOPHOl PO3MOBHO1

mobh” (PaK JI. Moimi sacoou zinep6ojii3aiiiib yKpaiHCbKux napoÓHux dyxtax II

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F

3 icmopii tiudueitufi yKpamcbKux napodnux dyM

TETHHA EELJEHKO

Onuc jiCKCHKo-Mop(})OJiorinHHX ocoSjihboctch AyM Jl.K. PaK 3AiiicHioe uuuixoM anajiiay cneu,H(j)iHHHx cawc zuui TBopiB ijboro >Kanpy npncjiiBHHKiB, npniiMCHHHKiB, cnojiyHHHKiB, nacTOK, BnryKiB, y pcsynbTaTi noro aoxo/iHTb BMCHOBKy, IIIO MOBaayM “Bi/ipi3HHJiaC5I bU TOTOHaCHOl KHH5KHO1 i Bifl MOBH iHIHHX HapoflHnx niccHb hc TijibKU aoóopoM jickchkh, a n (fiopMOio cjiis i cjiobo- cnojiyneHb. B ochob! ;iyM jie>KHTb napotna MOBa...” (PaK 1960: 17).

Ot>kc, Jl. PaK, mk i <P. Kojiccca, BH3Hanae MOBy jyM hk TaKy, bochob! bkoi - napotna MOBa, Ha BijiMiny Bi/jFI. TKHTeubKoro, »khh cTBcpa>KyBaB, mo“MOBaayM 5IBJ15IC flHBHC HpHCTOCyBaHHB KHH>KHHX CTHxiii MOBH /[O HapOflHHX” (/KhTCI[BKHH 1919: 103), toóto bujctoioiohh HaniBKHWKHC noxoa>KeHH$i ayM, niflTpHMysaHe 3IO/JOM C. C(|)pCMOBHM.

y nyóJHKauii E XajiHMOHCHKa77eKCHra dyM ma icmopimnux niceHb (KOMeiimap

miopKOJioea) (1977: 21) aiópano i onHcaHO, kphthhho npoanajiisoBaHO i3 3ajiyHCHHMM pi3HOMaHiTHHx JicKCHKorpa(j)iHHHX a^cepcji, TiopKCbKi (TypcubKi, KpHMCbKO-TaTapcbKi, HorailcbKi) cjiobb b HapoflHHX ayMax, oco6jihbhh bkucht

3po6jICHO Ha CK3OTH3MaX; LliKaBHMM BH^aiOTbCa aOKJiaflHi CTHMOJlOriHHi KOMCHTapi 3 CKCKypcoM y icTopiio Tiei hh inuioi mobh, 3 bkoi noxoflHTb cjiobo; yncHHH B^acTbca ao nopiBHsuibHoi xapaKTcpHCTHKH i TjiyMaHCHHa BiflnoBiflHnx JICKCHHHHX OOTHHPb y CJIOB’flHCbKMX MOB3X, 3BCpTaC yBary Ha (J)OpMH CJliB Ta in.

FI pana T. Bopo6iioBoi' lipo cnocoou cjioftomeopemm a mobi yKpa 'incbKux Hapoduux dyM ma icmopuwiux niceHb npHCBSHCHa aHajii3OBi ac|)iKca.nbHoro

cjiOBOTBopy 3 yciMa noro pi3HOBHjjaMH, hjo Mae Micpc y 3a3HancHHX TBopax. ^OCJliflHHpa aiHHIJia BHCHOBKy, mo CJIOBOTBOpCHHH B yKpaiHCbKOMy nOCTHHHOMy cnoci b ycbOMy HafiicTOTHiinoMy 36iraeTbC« 3 cjiobotbophoio chctcmoio

yKpaiHCbKOi mobh: CnocTepoKCHHa Ha# cjiobotbophhmh THnaMH i 3aco6aMH b mob! Hapo4HHX ayM Ta icTopHMHHX niccHb jjaiOTb niflCTaBy roBopHTH npo CTpyHKy CHCTCMy ix cjioBOTBopHoi* OynoBH, MKa Maii>KC b ycbOMy cniBna^ae 3 cjioBOTBopcHHSM 3arajibHOHapo4Hoi’ yKpaiHCbKOi mobh, xoHa ii hc no36aBJicHa CBoepujHOCTi (BopoOiioBa 1975: 128).

Ottkc, AyMH nepcOyBajiH i ncpcóyBaioTb y noni 3opy aocjii^HHKiB pi3Hnx ryMaHiTapHHX ranyscii. Ko>kch i3 paKypciB HayKOBoro niaxoay ^o ix ananisy /lOHOBIHOf pi3HOpiBHCBi HOHiyKH CHCH,H(j)iHHHX pHC HHX TBOpiB.

JliTepaiypa

Bopo6iioBa C.A., 1985, CeManmuHHi 3g’h3ku Miw: KOMnoneumaMU CKJiadnux npiiKMemHUKiH, „MoBO3HaBCTBo”, Ne 1.