EDITORIAL STAFF E. L . S h a n e r Editor-in -Chief E. C . K r f . u t z b f . r g
Editor A . J. Ma i n
Managing Editor G.W. B i r d s a l l Engineering Editor
J. D. K n o x Steel Plant Editor
Guv H u b b a r d Machine Tool Editor
D. S. C a d o t Art Editor
A S S O C IA T E ED ITO R S (I. H. M a n i.o v e W . J. C a m p b e l l
H a r o l d A . K n i g h t N ew Yorf(
W . G . G u d e B. K. P r i c e L. E. B r o w n e
Pittsburgh Chicago
R. L. H a r t f o r d E . F. R oss
Detroit Washington
A. H. A l l e n L. M. L a m m London
V i n c e n t D e l p o r t
A SSIST A N T ED ITO R S
George Ur ban Ja y DeEu l is
J. C. Su lliva n La Ve r n e No c k
New Yorf{
John H . C a l d w e l l b u s i n e s s s t a f f
G . O . H a y s Business Manager
C . H . B a i l e y Advertising Service ACW i o r { ... E. W . K r e u tz b e rg
B. C. S n e l x . hltsburgh ...S. H . J a sp e r
...L . C . P e l o t t Cleveland...R . C . J a e n k f.
D . C . K i e f e r F- W. ZUBER
Circulation Manager
M A IN O FFICE Pcnton Building. Cleveland
BRANCH O F FIC E S
C M e }0' ^... 1 1 0 East 42nd St.
Pittsburg/, 520 N ° n £ M ichigan A ve.
Detroit ...Koppers Budding w„ .l- , ... Cass A ve.
S z r ... Nat#c.._ r .I 734 Carcw Tower pr s Buj.idin«
’ ...>100 N onvood A ve.
lSd0m ■ iU Tel- G,CnC0Urt ” 59
...Caxton House Westminster, S.W . 1
^^BulldWTr?i.v£EN3i0^KI>UBI'18HlNG Co '
Resident andg,i,Le0^ ^ nd- 9,hl°- E- L. Shaner
S E T f S ~ -H ° s e e ? e t^ i8- Vl"
S’« « B u s i n g c l r fU >?tlons; A sso - Ushers' Association! N a tio n a l P u b - . Su b s«-IPtlon in the i'ear 54, tw o ’ j S r s v ? ° and C a n a d a - one countries, one y2? » i n ' IiV ro Pean an d foreign
ssues) 25c. blngle copies (current
ai , t h f . P O S to H le e
¿ 7
V o lu m e 107— N o . 17 O c to b e r 21, 1940
4
11
13 15
r5 R E A D E R C O M M E N T S ...
H I G H L I G H T I N G T H I S I S S U E ...
N E W S
U . S . T o R eq uisition M achine T ools, M aterials D estined for E x p o rt. . T o o l E n gin eers H e a r o f M achine C apable o f T u rn in g Shell a M inute Shell F o rg in g , F in ish in g M ethods R evolutionized Since W orld W a r. .
200 A ttend T o o l E n g in e e rs’ M eeting in C incinn ati ... 15
V isitin g U . S. Steel O fficials A nn oun ce N e w C levelan d P la n t ... 16
M ain tain A d e q u ate Inventories, H ard w a re G rou p s A re A d v is e d 17 Structural Steel Indu stry Is L au ded by D efense C h i e f s ... 18
F in an cial ... 20
Steelw orks O perations for W eek ... 2 1 M en o f Industry ... 25
G e a r M anufacturers Prepared for Part in D efense P r o g r a m ... 30
D efense C ontract A w a rd s ... 3 1 O bituaries ... 76
W I N D O W S O F W A S H I N G T O N ... 23
M IR R O R S O F M O T O R D O M ... 27
E D I T O R I A L — “ L a b o r” and the D efense P rogram ... 34
T H E B U S I N E S S T R E N D ... 35
T E C H N I C A L N on destructive Production T est for Steel T u b i n g ... 38
C ast Steel G ears— B y B . J. Ph illips and T . D . W est ... 49
M achining T u r n in g Costs H a lve d ... 4 1 M etal Finishing F in is h in g Plant F eatures D ry in g O ven on R oof— B y H . H . Slaw son . 42 F orm in g and Stamping N e w A d ju stab le D ie Sets Increase Production and L o w e r Costs ... 46
Materials H andling B olts and N u ts— B y F re d B . Jacobs ... 52
Progress m Steelma!{ing C old-R olled S trip Steel— B y T . B . M ontgom ery ... 36
Joining and W elding H ard -F aced D ies . . . T h e ir D esign and F abrication, P art II— B y A . R . B u tler ... g , I N D U S T R I A L E Q U I P M E N T ... 68 H E L P F U L L I T E R A T U R E ...
M A R K E T R E P O R T S A N D P R I C E S ... A i .
B E H I N D T H E S C E N E S Q V,
C O N S T R U C T I O N A N D E N T E R P R I S E ... . . . I N D E X T O A D V E R T I S E R S ...
73 77
97 104
P R O D U C T I O N • P R O C E S S I N G • D I S T R I B U T I O N • U S E
October
21,
1940The profitable production capacity o f your mill is limited to that o f its “ Bottle Necks.
M any o f these can be removed without major investment or lengthy shutdown.
It’s worth looking into.
A M organ R eport will give you the facts, and may open the way to new profits for you without heavy investment.
Morgan Roll Stands, as built today, include Morgoil Bearings with Axial Pass Alignment Clamps and other important fea
tures that save time, power, and improve output and product. from wear. Available in all sizes and capacities for replaceme
CONTINUOUS ROLLING MILLS
Rod • Str i p • S k e l p • M e r c h a n t Shapes
MORGAN CO N STRU CTIO N COM PANY,
W O R C E S T E R ,MASSACHUSETTS
/TEE1
¿ 7 T 7 G G [1
P R O D U C T I O N • P R O C I S S I N G • D I S T R I B U T I O N • U S I
H I G H L I G H T I N G
T H I S I S S U E
■ DEM AND fo r finished rolled steel continues to swell. Production last w eek (p . 21 ) m oved up another h alf-poin t to 95 per cent o f in got capacity. Despite this huge output deliveries continue to tighten and the best prom ises to be had date them three to 12 weeks in the fu tu re depending on the particular product. P ossibility is seen that when the defense p rogra m gets into stride (p. 77) it will require steel in con siderably larger volume than the previou sly estim ated 7,000,000 to 8,000,000 tons annually. President Roosevelt sees no present need (p . 13 ) fo r co m pulsory priority orders. V olu ntary preferen ce ratings on forgin gs and m achine tools, how ever, are seen as a start in that direction.
Strong pressure continues aim ed at preventing upward price spirals. A greem en t w as reached at a defense com m ission con feren ce last w eek (p . 14) that the scrap m a r
ket is ord erly and should not advance sh arply . . . H ard ware w holesalers, last w eek w ere advised (p . 17 ) to m ain
tain adequate stocks and to anticipate requ ire
ments further ahead than u s u a l; also, to sp e cify standard products so as to fa cilita te production.
• • • Tool engineers w ere told (p . 15) that the shortage o f skilled w orkers requires developm ent of machines, tools and m ethods that can be used by unskilled men on repetitive operations . . . . Various organizations and m eetings (p p . 15, 18, 19. 30) last w eek were concerned w ith defense co-operation.
Check-Iiéin On Prices
New defense contracts include (p. 2 1 ) one fo r oast armor fo r arm y tanks. . . . A new h y draulic press (p. 14) h ot-forg es shells in one
operation in tw o seconds.
A nother (p. 15) m achines them one per m inute . . . Suprem e C ourt has decided to review the fa m ou s litig a tion over the profit status o f B ethlehem Ship- m mg Corp. (p. 24) in building ships under
Armor Cor Tanks
govern m en t con tracts a q u arter-cen tu ry ago. . . United States C ontroller G eneral E llio tt rules (p . 2 3 ) that govern m en t con tracts m a y be w ith held fr o m a com p a n y held b y the la b or board to be a la b or act v io la to r even th ou gh that co m pan y m ight have been lo w bidder on an ad
vertised requirem ent. . . . N o la b or sh ortage (p. 16) fa ces the steel industry.
D efects in tu bin g now are located th rou gh use (p. 38) o f a new principle w h ich is applied as easily to m agn etic as to nonm agnetic m aterials.
The system em p loys a set o f en ergizin g coils and a set o f d etector coils m ounted on a table w ith am plifiers and drive rolls, con trol and au x
ilia ry equipm ent. It fu n ction s b y inducing a m ed iu m -frequ en cy alternatin g current in a c ir cu lar path in the tube w all . . . . E x p e ri
m ental studies p rove that tungsten carbide tools p erm it (p . 4 1) substantial redu ction s in to o l
in g costs. . . . M aterials handling is an im p ortan t fa c to r in the m an u factu re o f bolts and nuts. F red B. Jacobs (p. 52) describes a sy s
tem in use at a w ell-equipped plant.
Finds Flatvs In Tubing
Control in Cast Gears
VV. J. P hillips and T. D. W est (p. 48) state the case fo r cast steel gears and tell h ow de
fects are held to m inim um as a result o f co n trol w hich to d a y ’ s fo u n d ry - m an is able to exercise ov er his product. . . . P ain ts fo r m erly m ade w ith d ry in g oils fro m cou ntries n ow a t w a r o r em bargoed (p . 72) are being m ade w ith ca stor oil. . . . T. B. M on tg om ery (p . 56) dis
cusses the fa cto rs and values in volved in re d u cin g cold -rolled strip steel under tension . . . . New' adju stable die sets yield low er costs and are versatile (p. 4 6 ) in p e rfora tin g and n otch in g sheet m etal. . . . N ow available is a b io g ra p h y (p . 55) o f S idney G ilch rist T hom as, in v en tor o f the b a sic open -h earth steelm akin g process.
October 21, 1940
Prescribed forTough Forming Jobs
T
H E above sheet has an important history. It was prescribed by Inland metallurgists to solve a specific form ing problem , to take a fine finish, and to m ake a better product.It was conceived when a manufacturer, looking for sheets best suited for his needs, called in an Inland metallurgist. Together they studied the part design, fabrication method, finish, and use o f the product.
F r o m this study cam e a sh eet sp ecifica tio n written by Inland metallurgists, who personally checked processing methods and quality. These
S H E E T S . S T R I P - T IN P L A T E • B A R S . P L A T E S • F L O O R P L A T E S • S T R U C T O R A L S • P IL I N G • R A I L S - T R A C K A C C E S S O R I E S • R E IN F O R C IN G B
metallurgists, working side by side with Inlan skilled inspectors, made certain that this sheet w ill meet the customer’ s requirements. Ever)’
order placed in the future against this specifi
cation will be given the same care and atten
tion. A s a result users can depend on Inlan quality and uniform ity from sheet to sheet, and from order to order.
This is what Inland calls "m etallurgical co
operation with customers.” T his is why Inla»
Sheets have an enviable reputation for excep
tionally fine performance in customers shops-
II. S. T o Itecfisisiiiofli M a c h in e T o o ls . D efense M a te r ia ls D estin ed fo r E x p o rt
Manufacturers Ask for Data on Foreign Purchases.
Compulsory Priorities Not Imminent, Says President.
Scrap Producers Opposed to Inflationary Prices.
W ASH ING TO N 0 NATIONAL defense officials last week moved to put into effect President Roosevelt’s executive or
der for the requisition o f machine tools and other equipment and ma
terials needed for the national de
fense program.
Officials said the governm ent would immediately requisition un
exported machine tools owned by foreign purchasers, which are main
ly governments. Some o f these tools and materials now are on piers awaiting shipment to Russia, Japan and other countries.
Letters have been sent by the na
tional defense comm ission to all machine tool manufacturers request
ing information on the type, num
ber and location o f tools affected by the order. All requisitioned goods are to be paid for by the government at a “fair price.”
Manufacturers Co-operative The President’s order follow ed en
actment of a bill giving him au
thority to confiscate machine tools and other materials destined fo r ex
port under foreign orders.
Defense officials believe there will be little if any need to requisi
tion tools and materials from A m er
ican manufacturers because manu- actuiers have “ demonstrated a most co-operative spirit.” The act and executive order were directed ' ! the obtaining o f equipment and supplies already purchased by
“Tvf ? relgn governments.
t he titles in some cases are held - foreign purchasers who do not October 2 1, 1940
care to sell,” said Col. R. L. M ax
well, administrator o f export con
trol.
“ In other cases the articles are in possession o f a purchasing agent or other representative o f a foreign governm ent who is w ithout authori
ty to make such a sale. This act in all probability will apply fo r the m ost part to machines or material already com pleted or approaching com pletion but which cannot be ex
ported because o f licensing require
ments. Licenses are now required fo r exportation o f articles and ma
terials the President has determined should not be exported except un
der licenses from the United States.
Machines and m aterials fo r use and intended fo r our own defense pro
gram will not be affected.”
D efense officials believe the new requisition system , supplem enting the President’s licensing powers, will help materially in easing the
“ bottleneck” o f machine tool p ro
duction which has been called the greatest single obstacle to early exe
cution o f the armam ent program . A lthough governm ent spokesmen limited their rem arks on the order to the benefits it was expected to w ork to the defense program , in
form ed observers held that the pow er to requisition or release fo r ex
port has put in the hands o f the President a p ow erful lever in deal
ings with foreign powers.
Adm inistration officials have been holding conferences fo r the past week on further licensing o f several com m odities fo r export to Japan.
An executive order, which probably
will include special alloy steels and which, like the scrap licensing or
der, will be a virtual em bargo, is understood to be in the making.
COM PULSORY P R IO R ITIE S NO T Y E T "IM M IN E N T ”
Need fo r com pulsory priority or
ders fo r national defense materials has not yet becom e evident, Presi
dent R oosevelt stated last Friday.
The Chief Executive admitted the priority question is com ing to a head but insisted com pulsory orders are not imminent.
Several steel producers last week reported they had been approached by custom ers who said they had rat
ing form s and asked fo r early de
livery o f steel to fill defense orders.
A ccordin g to the President’s state
ment, all such ratings still are on a voluntary basis.
Donald Nelson, co-ordinator o f purchases fo r the governm ent, said there has been no change in the situation and pointed out that v o l
untary preference ratings have been in effect fo r several weeks.
Steel experts attached to the de
fense com m ission say that no p re f
erence ratings have been issued fo r rolled steel products, although rat
ings m ay have been issued fo r fo r g ings and m achine tools.
SEE TEN D E N C Y F O R N O R M A L IN CR EA SE IN SC R A P SU PPLY
Leon Henderson and E. R. Stet- tinius Jr., national defense advisory com m ission m em bers, m et last week
13
with representatives o f leading scrap suppliers—railroads, agricul
tural im plement, autom otive, elec
trical and machine tool m anufactur
ers. T hose present w ere unanimous that, as large steel purchasers, they had no interest in seeing scrap prices rise to the extent it would be necessary to increase price o f steel.
Surveying the supply situation, they agreed the tendency should be fo r a norm al increase in .su p p ly o f scra p fo r 1941 over this year.
Defense advisory com m ission, at the scrap suppliers’ suggestion, is augm enting its studies o f the sup
ply situation with view to possibili
ty o f increasing supplies o f heavy m elting scrap through w ider use o f large hydraulic presses fo r com pressing lighter gage materials.
Such presses represent substantial capital investment but perm it prep
aration o f scrap in a form m ore acceptable to steelmakers.
Opinion expressed at the m eeting o f steel representatives and scrap iron and steel dealers, w ho con ferred with Messrs. Stettinius and Henderson a week earlier w as con curred in. It had been decided in
dications were necessary supplies will be available at prices in line with those prevailing in recent years.
In furthering this opinion, scrap suppliers all agreed the situation was not sim ilar to that which pre
vailed in the middle o f 1936 when steelm akers, short o f inventories, w ere bidding frantically fo r scrap.
They also agreed the m arket is or
derly at present and there is no indication o f a further sharp rise in prices.
Shell Forging M ade In O ne O peration
■ United E ngineering & Foundry Co., Pittsburgh, has developed a hydraulic shell forg in g press, de
signed upon the principle o f m aking a com plete shell forg in g in one op eration without extrusion o f the steel during the piercing o f billet.
By m aking the com plete shell fo rg ing in one operation, a second step, o r draw press operation, is com pletely eliminated. Greater accuracy’
and concentricity is obtained and minimum am ount o f metal is re
quired in the billet, it is claimed.
A heated billet is inserted verti
cally in a book-type split and hinged die. A control lever sets in m otion tw o hydraulic horizontal ram s that operate the wedges fo r closing the water-cooled die around the billet and at the sam e time a low er ver
tical supporting ram m oves up
ward. Actuated by the top and main hydraulic ram, the punch unit m oves downw ard and into the bil
let fo r the piercing operation.
As the punch progresses into the
billet, the metal flows sideward and downw ard beside and ahead o f the punch tip. W hen the punch has reached the bottom o f its strok e and the cavity o f the shell forg in g is form ed, a lever is autom atically tripped’ fo r the return stroke. This also opens the die when the punch has retracted.
Only about two seconds are re
quired fo r the actual piercing opera
tion. A ny shell from 75 to 155 millimeters can be forg ed in this manner. The press w as designed by Dom inion Engineering W orks Ltd. o f Canada, an associated com pany o f United E ngineering &
F oundry Co. The latter has exclu
sive rights fo r m anufacture in the United States.
E nam elers Find D om estic Clays Satisfactory
■ Because o f the stopping o f im ports o f Germ an clay’ every effort is being m ade to use A m erican m a
terial, and so much progress has been made in this direction that the enam eling industry probably will never return to the use o f German m aterial. This fact w as brought out at a sym posium on cla y at the fifth annual foru m o f the Porcelain Enam el institute, which w a s held at the U niversity o f Illinois, Ur- bana, HI., Oct. 16-18.
O ver 150 forem en and superin
tendents w ere in the opening as
sembly, the largest num ber that has ever attended the opening session.
E. E. M arbaker, industrial fellow
fo r the O. H om m el Co. at Mellon institute, Pittsburgh, spoke on the use o f A m erican clays and the ex
perim ents which have led to success
ful application. In the speaker’s opin
ion, a long-standing prejudice in fa v o r o f Germ an V allendar cla y has been overcom e, and Am erican clays are now a definite part o f the porcelain enam eling process in this country.
F. Zvanut, F erro Enam el Corp., Cleveland, pointed out that Euro
pean clays w ere preferred by early enam elers in this country because they w ere not sufficiently trained to cop e with the problem s o f their form ulae. H e told how clays de
velop opacity b y the bubble structure produced, and how this affects scratch resistance. H e indicated that Am erican clays can now be success
fu lly used in proper blending.
H arrim an To Assist C om m erce D ep artm en t
H Jesse Jones, secretary o f com
merce, has appointed W . A. Harri
man, a m em ber o f the national de
fense com m ission staff, to assist in developing the com m erce depart
m ent’s defense activities. M r. Har
riman w ill retain his position on the defense com m ission staff in which he is associated with E. R. Stettinius Jr.Mr. Harrim an has been a member o f the com m erce departm ent’s busi
ness advisory’ council fo r the past seven years and served as chan- man fo r three years.
IMakirig Special Steels for A r m a m e n t
B Increased demand ior special steels for nation
al defense materials has prompted producers to increase electric furnace capacity. Typical of new installations is this 50- ton unit at Republic Steel Corp.'s Canton, O., plant. The new furnace is Republic's tenth, and an eleventh will go into operation this month. Of the company's 31,000-ton monthly capacity, 7500
tons have been alloca*
ed tentatively to armoi plate
f T E t l -
14
T ool E n g in eers H e a r o l M a c h in e Capable o f T u r n in g S h e ll a M in u te
■ A SHELL machine capable of turning a shell a minute has been designed for the arm y by the machine tool industry, and a test model is now in operation in the Studebaker Corp. plant, South Bend, Ind., it was revealed last week by Tell Berna, general m an
ager, National Machine Tool Build
ers’ association, in an address before a joint meeting o f the Am erican Society of Tool Engineers and the American Society o f Mechanical Engineers, Hotel Gibson, Cincin
nati.
“Last October,” Mr. Berna said,
“army ordnance officers asked a committee of machine tool builders whether they would undei'take the job of designing a line o f single purpose machines fo r the m aking of shell, which would be inexpen
sive, could be built quickly in sub
stantial quantities and which could produce shell in the hands o f an untrained operator. The machine tool industry immediately took on the job. Designs were begun be
fore the end of last year and were completed this summer.
“The Studebaker Corp. has built the first of these machines and has it in operation on a continuous life test.
“The reason for the designing o f
these m achines is that in the event o f w ar the arm y w ill have tested designs which could be follow ed by any m anufacturer equipped fo r this type o f production. This would in
sure a broad source o f supply and enable the arm y to get shell in large volum e with minim um delay.”
Stressing the vital part played by machine tools in the national defense program , Mr. Berna said that the industry had m ore than doubled its output in the last 12 months and that expansion was continuing steadily.
“ O f course machine tools are only one elem ent in national de
fense production. Many other types o f m achinery are also needed.
Plants need to be built. Men need to be trained, both as machinists and as supervisors. L arge num bers o f gages, jig s and fixtures will be required. M ethods o f m anufac
ture must be checked and revised.
And then all o f these elements have to be co-ordinated before large scale production actually gets un
der way. The m achine tool indus
try is confident that it will be able to produce the m achine tools re
quired ju st as rapidly as plants will be ready fo r their installation and men are trained fo r their operation.”
Shell F o rg in g , F in is h in g M e th o d s R evolu tion ized S in ce W o r l d W a r
■ UNDER auspices o f A rm y Ord
nance association, and the am m u
nition group, machine shop prac
tice and metals engineering divi- S10n> and Cincinnati section o f the American Society o f Mechanical Engineers, what was characterized as the ASME Meeting on Manu
facture of Shell was held in Cin
cinnati, Oct. 16-17.
This meeting which was attend
ed by more than 100 machine tool men, ordnance experts and others concerned with production o f artil- cry ammunition under the national defense program, was in the nature
°n a, syrnPos' um which dealt with all phases of the subject.
The meeting was opened by Ed- iwtvL A' Muller- President, King Machine Tool Co., who acted in his capacity of chief o f Cincinnati ord- S dlstrict- Speakers at this initial meeting were. L t -Col. M .-W .
^resge, ordnance department,
United States arm y, on the subject,
“ Ordnance Shell Steel Specifica
tions” ; and P rof. W . Trinks, Car
negie Institute o f T echnology, who dealt with “ Heating Shell Billets.”
James L. W alsh, chairman, ASM E com m ittee on national defense, pre
sided at this session, and discus
sion was led by Alan Dauch, George J. Hagan Co., Pittsburgh.
W ednesday afternoon was devot
ed to the su bject o f shell forging.
F rank M accorochie, p rofessor o f m echanical engineering, University o f Virginia, made an analysis o f shell fo rg in g equipment.
F low o f metal during the fo r g ing o f shell was described by M. D.
Stone, United E ngineering & Found
ry Co. Discussion o f Mr. Stone's paper was led by James H. H op
kins, Salem E ngineering Co., Salem, O. A m on g others w ho took part -in this session -were R ob ert T.
Kent, production engineer, ordnance
department, United States arm y, w ho presided, and G eorge F.
Schranz, general m anager, Baldwin Southwark division, Baldwin L o co m otive Co.
Luncheon speaker on W ednesday w as J. B. Doan, Am erican T ool W orks Co., w ho in addition to being one o f the deans o f Cincinnati’s machine tool industry, is president o f Cincinnati Chapter o f the A rm y Ordnance association. Dinner speak
er was Col. E. N. Harm on, first arm ored corps, F ort Knox, Ky.
Colonel Harm on painted a graphic picture o f a vital phase o f w arfare today. His subject was “ Tanks in A ction.”
The final session was held on Thursday m orning, with Erik Oberg, editor, M achinery, presid
ing. Tell Berna, general m anager, National Machine T ool Builders’
association, gave a talk on “ C o
operation Between the Governm ent and the Machine T ool Builders.”
Discussion o f selection o f shell m a
chining equipm ent was led by Lucian I. Yeomans, Lucian I. Y eo
mans Inc., consulting engineers, Chicago. Mr. Yeomans, who won wide recognition fo r his achieve
ments in the r.apid building o f single-purpose shell m achinery dur
ing the W orld war, and w ho has now brought those m achines up to date, aroused som e interesting debate between the proponents of standard machine tools and o f spe
cial machine tools fo r shell work.
The other speaker at this session was H. J. W ills, Carborundum Co., N iagara Falls, N. Y., on classifica
tion o f surface finish o f shells, Conclusions to be drawn from this Cincinnati m eeting, which fo l
lowed a sim ilar clinic recently in Pittsburgh, and which is to be fo l
lowed by others elsewhere, are that im proved methods o f fo rg in g and im proved methods o f m achining have revolutionized shell m anufac
ture since the days o f the W orld war. Then, it was necessary to bore out the cavities in shells— this be
in g one o f the longest single opera
tions. Today, accurate sizing of the cavity in the fo rg in g process m akes that boring unnecessary. At the same time, the technique o f multiple tooling with cem ented carbide tools has in som e cases cut the time o f exterior m achining by as m uch as six to one, and rigid, accurate machine tools o f today en
able much closer lim its and better finishes to be maintained—hence cutting down on rejections.
200 A TT E N D TOOL E N G IN EE R S’
M EETIN G IN C IN C IN N ATI M ore than 200 m em bers o f the Am erican Society o f T ool Engineers, representing 37 chapters and tw o student chapters in the principal in
dustrial centers o f the United States and Canada, attended semiannual October 2 1, 1940
15
m eeting o f the organization, in Cin
cinnati, Oct. 17-19.
• The keynote was struck by A. H.
d’A rcam bal, president o f the asso
ciation, w ho is consulting m etal
lurgist, Pratt & W hitney, division o f Niles-Bement-Pond Co., H artford, Conn.
“ The real bottleneck in our de
fense preparedness p rogram is the shortage o f skilled men, a shortage o f skilled men w ith an unem ploy
ment problem o f over 9,000,000 w orkers,” he said. “ The tim e fa ctor w ill not perm it training this 9,000,- 000 to be machinists, so they must be used n early as they are.
“ This condition fo rce s the develop
ment o f machines, tools and m eth
ods to the extent that unskilled w orkers can be used on repetitive operations with practically fo o l
p roo f tooling. Analyze this situation from any angle and w e find that the tool engineer is the key to the prob
lem .”
D oors o f the fo llo w in g plants were opened to the visiting tool experts:
Cincinnati M illing Machine Co.;
R. K. LeBlond M achine T ool Co.;
C rosley Corp.; L od g e & Shipley M a
chine T ool Co.; Cincinnati Shaper C o.; Carlton M achine T ool C o.; N a
tional Cash R egister Co.; Master E lectric Co. (.the fo reg oin g tw o in D a y ton ); G. A. Gray Co.; King Ma
chine T ool Co.; Cincinnati B ickford T ool Co.; Cincinnati Planer Co.;
A m erican T oo l W ork s Co.; P roctor
& Gam ble C o.; and F orm ica Co.
Technical sessions were in the
form o f sym posium . T hat on T hurs
day evening dealt with the question
"Should Industry Assum e the Bur
den o f Special E du cation ?” Speakers w ere; F. E. Searle, head o f Ford trade sch ool; Dr. R. C. Gowdy, dean, C ollege o f Engineering and Com
merce, University o f Cincinnati;
W . S. Dowm an, assistant director o f sales and office personnel, Good
year T ire & R ubber Co. Inc.; and G eorge Schiele, ch ief inspector and m em ber o f the board, Cincinnati M illing M achine Co.
The session on Saturday m orning was devoted to gear finishing.
Speakers w ere Charles R. Stab, chief engineer, M ichigan T ool Co.;
Otto H. Schafer, president, Schafer Gear W ork s; I. J. Gruenberg, chief engineer, Gear Grinding M achinery C o.; and Charles P feffer, in charge o f gear developm ent and production, W righ t A eronautical Corp.
A dinner m eeting w as held F ri
day evening, M ayor Stew art o f Cin
cinnati being guest-of-honor. Speaker o f the evening w as W h iting W il
liams, industrial consultant, writer and lecturer. Mr. W illiam s’ theme was "W h at W e Can Learn fro m Eu
rope.” President d’ A rcam bal, who presided, presented the progress re
port o f the society, and H. D. Hall, chairm an o f the educational com mittee, the report from his com m it
tee.
A m ore extended account o f the m eeting will be published in the Oct. 28 issue o f Steel.
rise since they wish to hold prices down to present levels.
In his main address Mr. Olds stated; “ The Cleveland district, en
dowed as it is by a site m idway be
tween the vast natural resources of coal and iron, excellent transporta
tion facilities, rail, water and air, an adequate supply o f skilled labor, and nearness to the m ost important markets, must always be a leader and share substantially in the indus
trial grow th and prosperity o f the United States.”
Directors present at the banquet w ere: Philip R. Clarke, W illiam J.
Filbert, Leon Fraser, W illiam A.
Irvin, Thom as W . Lam ont, Junius S. M organ, George A. Sloan, Robert C. Stanley, Enders M. Voorhees, Benjam in F. Fairless and Irving S.
Olds. Absent were Sewell L. Avery, Nathan L. Miller, James A. Farrell, J. P. M organ and M yron C. Taylor.
Clifford F. Hood, president of the A m erican Steel & W ire Co., presid
ed at the dinner.
STEEL’S L A B O R SU PPLY AM PLE, SURVEY R E V E A LS
N o serious shortage o f labor ex
ists in the steel industry, nor is there any threat o f such shortage, a survey by the Am erican Iron and Steel institute reveals.
Substantially all the steel com
panies covered by the survey re
ported the labor supply now read
ily available to them is ample to assure operations at capacity. Sev
eral com panies reported they are already running at capacity, with no labor shortage in sight.
These reports were based on pres
ent conditions, with no attempt to predict the effect o f a large mili
tary training program , or o f a sharp rise in em ploym ent in other industries.
F ou r m easures applied by the industry over a period o f years are largely responsible fo r build
ing up and m aintaining a d e q u a te
reservoirs o f labor. T hey are:
Apprentice program s under which nearly 4COO apprentices are re
ceiving an extensive program ol practical education.
Job-training fo r specific duties, under w hich prom ising young men are given intensive training for relatively brief periods in special operations or particular jobs. About two-thirds o f the com panies nov are engaged in such jo b training- W ork-sharing during depression periods, which retained thousands o f skilled and sem iskilled men on the payroll, instead o f turning them loose to drift into other jobs and industries.
High w age scale. W a ge earnei in steel plants receive an average o f 85 cents per hour, or about one- third m ore than the average hour ly w age in all m anufacturing in' dustries.
/TEEL
V is itin g II. S. Stce 1 O ffic ia ls A n n o u n c e N e w C le v e la n d P lasit
ERECTIO N o f a plant in Cleve
land to produce stainless steel strip was announced as pending by Irving S. Olds, chairm an, United States Steel Corp., at a dinner given by B enjam in F. Fairless, president, fo r Cleveland men to meet Mr. Olds and other directors at the H otel Statler Oct. 17. The expansion w ill include a building 576 x 80 feet and two storage buildings, one 120 x 80 feet and the other 120 x 67 feet.
The occasion was the fourth o f a series where Mr. Olds and dii ectors visit subsidiary plants in various cities. The fifth and last contem plated trip w ill be to the Pacific Coast, it was announced at Cleve
land. On Thursday the officials present inspected plants o f the Am erican Steel & W ire Co., Cleve
land, and the N ational Tube Co., L o rain, O.
In introducing Mr. Olds at the banquet to 400 civic and business leaders o f Cleveland Mr. Fairless
16
stated that o f the 255,918 on the pay
rolls o f the United States Steel C or
poration 16,000 are em ployed at Cleveland and Lorain. The capacity o f the C orporation plants o f the dis
trict is 27,702,000 net tons yearly.
T hey now are w orking at 97 per cent o f capacity.
“ Thank God, a great percentage o f our steel is goin g to Great Brit
ain,” stated Mr. Fairless. “ Steel
makers are m eeting with greater com petition from other materials m ore and m ore, such as from lum ber, concrete, plastics, glass, and copper. This is a challenge to bet
ter steel and w e intend to meet it and at low er prices.”
At a press conference preceding the dinner the tw o heads of U. S.
Steel revealed that the Corporation and other Am erican steelmakers generally are already m aking m ore arm or plate than during the W orld war. T hey stated that they hoped steel production costs would not
M a in ta in A dccfnate I n v e n to r ie s , H a rd w a re G r o u p s A r e A d v is e d
■ HARDW ARE w holesalers last week were urged to m aintain ade
quate stocks and to co-operate with manufacturers in the interest o f the national defense program . Occasion for the recommendations was the forty-sixth annual convention o f the National W holesale Hardw are asso
ciation and the National Association of Sheet Metal Distributors and the eighty-first semiannual convention o f the American Hardw are M anufac
turers association, held at Atlantic City, N. J., Oct. 14-17. About 1200 attended.
Despite all the changes incident to the vast industrial developm ent the last 50 years or more, no sub
stitute has been found fo r the wholesaler’ s function, it w as de
clared by Mark Lyons, M cGowin- Lyons Hardware & Supply Co., M o
bile, Ala., and president o f the wholesalers group, in his annual address. At the same time, hardware wholesalers have m any avenues open to them fo r im provem ent which will result in greater effi
ciency in the conduct o f their busi
ness, he said.
Reduction o f overhead costs by eliminating some duplicated lines;
closer study o f the retailer’s re
quirements; and reduction, through co-operation o f salesmen and re
tailers, in number o f sm all orders having low total value w ere am ong the means suggested by Mr. Lyons for attaining this im proved effi
ciency.
Larger Stocks Advised Speaking o f national defense, Mr.
Lyons urged distributors to antici
pate their requirements fo r a greater Period than usual, so that m anufac
turers may be enabled to take their share of special w ork which m ay be assigned to them and still permit them to co-ordinate their produc
tion facilities so as to supply w hole
salers’ needs. “ I believe w e can do much by being fu lly prepared to fu r nish local requirements in connec
tion with the preparedness pro
gram,’’ he added.
National defense as it affects the hardware industry was the topic ,, discussion at a joint session o f
e wholesalers and m anufacturers, addressed by representatives o f both S f In pointing out that it was mpof .u f0r the latter not onlY to w government’s require- orrlinn at the same time to handle oidinary commercial demands, S. T.
Alton n ftern Cartridge Co., East econn’mii. VVa™ ed that unsound constimmaPraCi 1CeS in « overnment constituted a danger which ranked
with that which the defense p ro
gram was intended to com bat.
F our duties fa ce the hardw are m anufacturer, it was stated by F. A.
Bond, the M cK ay Co., Pittsburgh.
These are: to supply national de
fen se needs; to keep him self sup
plied with m aterial and la b or; to furnish distributors with their or
dinary needs; and to see that con sumers are able to fill their require
ments w ith minimum delay. He rec
om m ended that buyers sp ecify stand
ard products in sofar as possible.
P ointing out that the period o f quick deliveries is past, H. P. Ladds, National Screw & M fg. Co., Cleve
land, recom m ended that w holesalers carry adequate stocks to meet pres
ent conditions. L. M. Stratton, Stratton-W arren H ardw are Co., Memphis, Tenn., and W akefield Baker, Baker, H am ilton & Pacific Co., San Francisco, also suggested that w holesalers conduct their a f
fairs so as to give greatest possible support to defense activities.
R. R. W itt, Builders Supply Co., San A ntonio, Tex., indicated that best business and profits w ere to be expected in fields stimulated by the rapid tem po o f industries m ost closely associated with defense w ork.
R apidly rising prices should not he expected in the near futu re; in fact, low prices quoted on certain g o v ernm ent purchases have been re
flected in quotations on ordinary com m ercial buying, he said.
Co-operation w ith sources o f sup
ply in anticipating needs so as to eliminate the pyram iding o f orders,1 the giving o f priority on m aterial fo r defense purposes and the en
couragem ent o f norm al business a c
tivities w ere recom m ended to w h ole
salers b y H. J. Allison, Glasgow- A llison Co., Charlotte, N. C.
This year w ill be the best since 1929 in residential building con struction, the convention was told by R obert T. W illiam s, chief, in
dustries section, federal housing adm inistration, W ashington. About 500,000 n onfarm dw ellings w ill be built against 465,000 in 1939.
The problem o f m ill-jobber rela tionship still awaits solution, ac
cordin g to L ee D. M ercer, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland. He ex
pressed the belief that both groups must m ake som e concessions if the best interests o f each are to be served in the distribution o f sheet m etal products.
It w ill be advisable fo r steel buy
ers to have a four-m onths’ stock on hand b y the first o f next year, it was stated by T. C. Campbell, T he Iron A g e, Pittsburgh. H e estim ated steel
consum ption fo r defense needs the next tw o years at six to eight m il
lion tons annually.
Various uses fo r sheet copper were described b y C arter Cole, C op
per and Brass R esearch association, N ew York, These included its em ploym ent fo r not only roofing, flashing gutters and down-spouts, but also fo r protection o f build
ings against m oisture, term ites and vermin.
The defense p rogram m ay end class hatred and restoi'e national unity, the A m erican H ardw are M anufacturers association was told by its president, H. B. W ilson, M athias Klein & Sons, Chicago. I f it does, he added, “ every penny will have been well spent.”
O fficers Elected
A. J. Becker, Ohio V alley H ard
w are & R oofin g Co., Evansville, Ind., w as elected president o f the N ational A ssociation o f Sheet Metal Distributors, succeeding A. W . H owe, the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Co., Cleveland. R ecently he had been vice president. G eorge O. M. Johns
ton, M cClure-Johnston Co., P itts
burgh, was nam ed vice president.
Elected to the executive com m ittee were O. F. M urphy, Lyon, Conklin
& Co., B altim ore, and James G.
Beard, Braden M fg. Co. Inc., Terre Haute, Ind.
Richard H arte was elected presi
dent, A m erican Hardw are M anufac
turers association. F orm erly vice president o f the group, Mr. Harte is affiliated with Am es Baldwin W y om ing Co., P arkersburg, W . Va. He succeeds H. B. W ilson, o f Mathias Klein & Sons, Chicago. P. E.
Barth, Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn., and N. J. Clarke, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, were re
elected vice presidents, with S. T.
Olin, W estern Cartridge Co., East Alton, 111., also named a vice presi
dent. Charles F. R ockw ell, New York, w as re-elected secretary- treasurer.
N ew ly elected to the executive com m ittee fo r a three-year term are H. G. Ingersoll, Ingersoll Steel &
Disc Co., N ew Castle, Ind.; Philip R ogers, M illers Falls Co., Greenville, Mass., and Stanley W oodward, Ruberoid Co., Baltimore.
Glenn E. Jennings, W righ t &
W ilhelm y Co., Omaha, Nebr., was elected president, National W hole
sale H ardware association. W . W . French, Moore-Handley H ardware Co., Birm ingham , A la.; F. F. T hom son, The D iggs Co., Sacramento, Calif., and A. J. Becker, Ohio V al
ley H ardware & R oofin g Co., E vans
ville, Ind., w ere elected vice presi
dents. N ew ly elected m em bers to the executive com m ittee include John M. Holm es, H olm es H ardware Co., Pueblo, Colo.; W . P. Tracy, Tracy-W ells Co., Columbus, O., and C. R. W atkins, W atkins-Cottrell Co., October 21, 1940
17
S tr u c tu r a l S te e l In d u s tr y I s L a u d e d by D e fe n s e C h iefs
■ CO-OPERATION by the struc
tural steel industry with the govern m ent was recognized last w eek when W . S. Knudsen and E, R. Stettinius Jr., m em bers o f the national de
fense advisory com m ission, wired m essages to the Am erican Institute o f Steel Construction, in convention in W hite Sulphur Springs, Va.
“ W e have an enorm ous task ahead o f us,’’ said Mr. Knudsen. “ B efore production can be stepped up to where w e w ant it w e need construc
tion. I know I can depend on you fo r continued co-operation.”
Mr. Stettinius stated: “ Please ac
cept my congratulations and thanks fo r the splendid co-operation your industry is giving in the national defense program . It is m ost encour
aging in view o f the fa ct that the steel fabricatin g industry will be called upon to take an im portant part in the program , in building plants, shipways, bridges and high
ways.”
The institute form a lly adopted resolutions pledging its fullest sup
port to the governm ent.
"W e must consider seriously w hether our nation w ill gain m ore from com pulsion o r fro m suasion,”
said C. G. Conley, president, Mt.
V ernon Bridge Co., Mt. Vernon, O., and president o f the institute, in his opening address.
“ Can adequate rearm am ent be effected under a system o f fre e en
terprise requiring as it does ade
quate returns and profits— by sua
sion— or must w e adopt a system o f coercion and confiscation o f profits? Our industry has as much at stake in the answ er to that ques
tion as any other industry. In the excitem ent o f the mom ent, I hope our nation w ill not accept the w ron g answer.
Must R ecognize P rofit M otive
“ It resolves to a sim ple form ula.
On the one side w e have coercion and dictatorship. On the other we have suasion and dem ocracy. On the one side w e have state so cialism. On the other w e have free private enterprise. I f w e are to maintain the latter w e must fra n k ly recognize the profit m otif and de
fend it. Som e o f the efforts o f our governm ent are undoubtedly intend
ed to do just that.
“ An avow ed enem y o f price in
flation has been named to the ad
visory com m ission on national de
fense". His efforts might w ell pro
tect us fro m the rapacity o f the greedy and, in keeping profits to a reasonable level, insure a healthy respect fo r free enterprise.
“ His work, however, cannot be
successful if all o f us do not support him. This is our opportunity to prove to the public that profits can be kept at a reasonable level. First, o f course, it is our duty to prove that w e can m ake any kind o f profits at all. During the past ten years our profits have been m arked by their om ission rather than by their com mission.
“ The toll o f bankruptcies has been consistent and persistent ever since 1930. The past year showed no im
provem ent in that regard, and it is m y experience that prices are still fa r below a fa ir level o f costs in our industry. T hat condition prob
ably offers us no great reason fo r wishing the present order o f things to continue. It renders all argu
ments fo r a fre e enterprise sterile.
It shows to w hat depths w e have gone, how unfit w e are to w ork fo r the restoration o f true dem ocratic institutions.”
Structural Capacity Sufficient In referrin g specifically to the de
fense program Mr. Conley said:
“ The requirem ents fo r fabricated structural steel undoubtedly w ill be large, but large as the requirements m ay be, the capacity o f our industry w ill not be overly taxed even though norm al civilian requirc-
ments fo r structural steel should continue.”
"T he structural steel fabrication industry has been la g g in g behind, and on ly with the regeneration of building w ill it recover to any con
siderable extent,” V. G. Iden, sec
retary, stated. “ The trend, however, was suddenly reversed in the late spring and early sum m er when the United States decided to embark upon the defense program . T o pre
pare fo r that it was first necessary to rebuild our industries, fo r which w ork the services o f this industry w ere im m ediately required.”
T he first eight months o f 1940 witnessed a gain o f 5 per cent in general construction activity over the sam e period o f 1939. This gain was built up in the m onths o f July and August, due to defense activi
ties.
Structural steel bookings closely follow ed this trend. F o r the first eight m onths o f 1940 they totaled 919,019 tons, a slight gain over the sam e period o f 1939. W ith the ton
nages in view the year should, how
ever, show a m arked increase over 1939. Sales in the past eight months have been equally divided, 50 per cent each between governm ent (fed
eral, state and m unicipal) and private industry. In 1938, 59 per cent cam e fro m governm ent, and in 1939, 52 per cent.
A pp roxim ately 125,000 tons of structural steel awards have entered into the defense progra m up to Sept.
1, in the fo rm o f w ork direct fo r the governm ent, such as hangars and
/ TEEL
4 5 -T o n C rane Girder Fabricated by W eld in g
■ Steel plates ranging in thickness from 7/16 to l*/4 inches are being welded in ° a 45-ton girder for an overhead traveling crane at Cleveland Crane & Engineering Co.'s Wicklille, O., plant. Girder's span is 105 feet and height is more t a 8 leet. Reinlorcing diaphragms are welded not only to the web plates but a to the top plate and are spaced so close'that they alone will support the ro
rails without depending on the top plate
18
airstation facilities, buildings at army and navy bases, and fo r plant facilities for turning out defense re
quirements in the line o f airplanes and motors, tanks, ammunition, powder and the like.
If defense is carried out on the present planned basis, careful esti
mates would indicate the total year
ly expenditures through 1946 will show as follow s:
F isca l Y e a r,
1941 $5,0 00 ,0 0 0 ,0 00
1942 ... 8,115,000,UOO 1943 ... 7,6 5 2,00 0 ,0 0 0 1944 ... 6,4 5 1,00 0 ,0 0 0 1945 ... 4 ,7 7 8,00 0 ,0 0 0 1946 ... 4,7 0 1,00 0 ,0 0 0 T o t a l ...$36,69 7 ,0 0 0,00 0
“ Of this sum it is estimated over a billion dollars will be spent di
rectly by the governm ent to build defense industry plants and to fu r
nish the housing fo r defense workers.”
National defense is already dis
locating the norm al econom y o f the United States to a degree little realized by business men, according to Edwin B. George, econom ist, Dun
& Bradstreet Inc., N ew York, w ho addressed the convention.
“Among many self-evident truths supporting our rearm am ent p ro gram two stand out,” he said. “ First, in a world of violence, a nation with our stake in life must protect it.
Second, no country can throw ten to fourteen billion dollars into m iscel
laneous, unproductive a c t i v i t i e s without something happening to its financial structure, its standard of living, and even its many self-in
dulgences which perhaps, just con ceivably, it would never relinquish except in the purifying heat o f crisis . . .
Troubles Not Yet Ended
"The partial replacement o f com petitive bidding by negotiated con tracts does not mean that sellers and buyers may now expect to live to a serene and untroubled old age, nor that the econom ic results will all be good. An automatic system is being replaced by a discretionary one and where there is discretion there can be differences o f opinion and friction . . .
f o r the same reason priorities have so far been left on a voluntary and co-operative basis. Otherwise the pressure toward speculative inven
tory buying and artificially high Prices would probably be much heavier than the exigencies actually uemand. Also under a voluntary sys
tem manufacturers will be free to meet emergencies in their own way and out o f their traditional ingenu-
. .rather than through compulsion
¡m 10aj aru' h ir e l in g plans super-
° n them from the t0P- • ■ nr;™ , ???? consumers’ and the I ee stabilization divisions o f the a w ? ^ m i s s i o n seem to be alert to the fact that one o f our
m a jor hazards is not im mediate p rice inflation but the probability o f it in the fa ce o f the intensified demand that could flow from inade
quate capacity in later stages o f the rearm am ent program .”
Steel required fo r the defense p rogram is plentiful and no short
age is lik ely to develop, according to L. W . M offett, W ashington cor
respondent fo r The Iron A g e, who analyzed outstanding p rojects and interpreted them in terms o f steel tonnages.
Paul Shorb, m em ber o f a firm o f W ashington tax consultants, ex
plained features o f the new tax legislation affecting industry.
J. T. McGavin, Yale university bureau fo r street traffic research, presented an optim istic outline o f the large and developing m arket fo r parking garages as disclosed by a nation-wide survey just com pleted, tie said:
“ This m arket is a new and distinct one which has never been developed, and it is o f interest to speculate on its potential value to the structural steel industry. Just as a rough guess at the potential structural steel ton
nage involved, w e can reasonably assume an average potential m ar
ket fo r 15 units o f 200 cars each in our 93 cities having a population o f over 100,000.
“ In the rem aining cities o f the land, it can be assumed that the existing m arket would be equiva
lent to the m arket in all cities over 100,000 population. W e th erefore have an estimated total o f 2790, two-hundred car structures which provide 558,000 stalls capacity. A s
sum ing $200 per ca r space invest
ment this would represent a poten
tial m arket o f approxim ately $100,- 000,000 in new structures.
“ A ssum ing 10 per cent o f this p o
tential m arket w ill be fo r fabricated steel this would represent a $10,- 000,000 market. In term s o f ton
nage, assum ing $125 per ton this market w ill be 80,000 tons o f fa b ri
cated steel.”
Charles N. Fitts o f Boston, one
time president o f the institute, w ho retired fro m the industry last year, addressed the closin g session, “In R etrospect.” He predicted on ly a m oderate level o f business and no resumption o f the boom experienced in the 20’s. Officers were re-elected.
C a rb o ru n d u m Exhibits
B The Carborundum Co., N iagara Falls, N. Y., inadvertently was om itted from S t e e l ’ s (issue o f Oct.
14, p. 237) directory o f exhibitors at the N ational M etal Show being held in Cleveland, Oct. 21-25. The exposition has three Carborundum exhibits, conducted by the com pany’ s Abrasive, R efra ctory and G lobar di
visions, all located in booth E-32.
A u to In d u stry Pledges A id to Plane Builders
N E W YORK B THROUGH the Autom obile Manu
facturers association, the entire auto industry last w eek adopted a resolution pledging additional aid to the defense p rogram fr o m the standpoint o f aviation procurem ent.
A com m ittee will be named to co
operate with auto industry, aviation industry, tool and die plants and autobody shops, in listing facilities adaptable to airplane production.
Speaking at an econom ic forum conducted by A lfred P. Sloan Jr., last week, W . S. Knudsen, form er GM president, said the entire output o f the machine tool industry fo r the next year, estimated at about $500,- 000,000, already is sold out. This half-billion figure com pares with yearly production eight years ago o f $130,000,000 worth o f machines.
Pays Tribute to P rivate Enterprise Dr. Sum ner H. Slichter, professor o f business econom ics, Harvard uni
versity, C am bridge, Mass., paid tribute to private enterprise in the defense program .
“ It is encouraging,” he said, “ to look back to the first W orld w ar when the steel industry in five years increased its capacity by 35 per cent, despite the fa ct that never b efore 1914 had it run as high as 80 per cent over any extended time.
W illingness to add low -cost ca pacity at a tim e when econom ic visibility is poor, in confidence that ingenuity and im agination w ill de
velop markets fo r that capacity a fter the period o f arm am ent is over— that willingness is the m ost im portant thing in m aking this de
fense p rogram a success under private enterprise.”
A m on g the 450 business leaders in attendance at this econom ic forum w ere E. P. Bullard, Bullard Co.; W . W . H ollow ay, W heeling Steel Corp.; H. W . Alden, Timken- Detroit A.xle Co.; H arry S. Brown, Foster-W heeler Corp.; W . F. Det- wiler, Allegheny-Ludlum Steel Corp.;
Raoul E. Desvernine and Fred B.
H ufnagel, Crucible Steel Co. of A m erica; Frank Purnell, Youngs
town Sheet & Tube Co.; Charles R.
Hook, A m erican R ollin g Mill Co.;
Eugene G. Grace, Bethlehem Steel Co.; R oy A. Hunt and A rthur V.
Davis, Alum inum Co. o f A m erica;
T om M. Girdler and R. J. W ysor, R e
public Steel Corp.; Ernest T. W eir, N ational Steel C orp.; W illiam A.
Irvin and B radford B. Smith, United States Steel C o rp .; Edw ard G. Budd, Edw. G. Budd M fg. Co.; W illiam E.
Umstattd, Tim ken R oller Bearing Co.; H ow ard Coonley, W alw orth Co.; Frank J. Tone, Carborundum Co.; and J. F. M acEnulty, Pressed Steel Car Co. Inc.
October 2 1, 1940
19
