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Volum e 107— No. 18 October 28, 1940
R E A D E R C O M M E N T S ... 4
H I G H L I G H T I N G T H IS IS S U E ... 19
N E W S Priorities Board T o Continue Voluntary Preference Ratings ... 21
“ Largest Metals Show ” Em phasizes N ew Aids to Defense Production 23 A w ards Feature Meeting of Am erican W elding Society ... 24
Progress in Bessemer Steelm aking Is Outlined at A .I.M .E . M eeting. 26 Readiness for Defense W ork Indicated by M any E x h ib its... 27
Steelworkers W ill Do 100 P e rC e n t fob, White T ells W ire Association 27 Financial ... 28
Steelworks Operations for W eek ... 29
Men of In d u s t r y ... 3°
Obituaries ... 3 1 Machine Tool Dealers Hear Plea for “ Preparedness for Peace” ... 35
High-Speed X-Rays M ay Enable Radiographs of M oving Machinery 40 Defense Contract A w ards ... 4*
W IN D O W S O F W A S H IN G T O N 32 M IR R O R S O F M O T O R D O M ... 37
E D IT O R I A L — W ho D id Y ou Say Is D um b? . 44 T H E B U S IN E S S T R E N D ... 45
T E C H N I C A L D ry in g and Bakin g with Radiant Energy, Part I 48 Shajres for S k y s h ip s ... 64
Materials Handling Intermittent Conveyor— By Reginald Trautschold 52 Progress In Steelmaking Between Heats with S h o r t y ... 56
Pickling Inhibitor ... 7°
W idth G age for Plot Strip M i l l s ... 7 ‘
Heat Treating H ardenability Testing Tool Steels by Oil Quenching Sm all Cones— By E . K . Spring and J. K . Desmond 58 Joining and Welding Hard-Faced Dies . . . Th eir Design and Fabrication (Conclusion)— B y A . R. Butler ... 66
IN D U S T R IA L E Q U I P M E N T ... 75
M A R K E T R E P O R T S A N D P R I C E S ... 79
B E H IN D T H E S C E N E S ... 9°
C O N S T R U C T IO N A N D E N T E R P R IS E ... 97
IN D E X T O A D V E R T I S E R S 104
P R ODU C T I ON • P R O C E S S I N G • D I S T R I B U T I O N • USE
PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE STRESSES ON ENGAGED GEAR TEETH
Direct Hardening Carburizing Carburizing Carburizing
NICKEL ALLOY STEELS S.A.E. Classification 3150, 4640, 4650, etc.
3115, 3120 2315, 2 3 20 ,4 6 1 5, 4620 3312, 4815, 4820, 2515
PERMISSIBLE COMPRESSIVE STRESS*
170.000 lb./sq. in.
180.000 lb./sq. in.
200.000 lb./sq. in.
215.000 lb./sq. in.
•C om pressive stresses calcu lated from H ertz fo rm u la. These values are fo r in ter
m ittently lo a d ed g e a rs a n d should be reduced 2 0 / 2 5 % fo r constant mesh lo a d in g .
|, t ... . ... V A \ J
1 wí5."-V'-,y’. ¡ V ■
Choosing the most suitable gear steel de
pends upon getting mechanical properties to safely meet service requirements. But of equal importance are fabricating properties .. .uniform response to heat treatment with m inim um distortion and freedom from cracking, plus economical machining. To
day’s higher speeds and heavier tooth load
ings emphasize the advantages of specifying direct hardening and carburizing gear steels alloyed with N ick el...N ick el alone or in combination.
NICKEL T O G E A R
A d d i n g l l l V l l l i l i s t e e l s
1 — IM P R O V E S mechanical properties
2 — SIMPLIFIES fabricating problems
THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COMPANY, INC. 67 W A L L ST REET N E W Y O R K , N. Y.
Hollow quill shaft with integral gear and splines, pictured at left, must be resilient to absorb torque o f 500 HP Ranger aircraft engine. To maintain tooth contours and re
sist fatigue stresses this vital shaft is forged from 3l/0% Nickel, 1 % % chromium steel, SAE 3340.
Strong, tough and wear-resistant, headstock gears in Monarch lathes are 3V2% Nickel steel, SAE 2350.
18
/ T E E LP R O D U C T I O N • P R O C T S - S T N G • D I S T R I B U T I O N • U S E
I
H I G H L I G H T I N G
T H I S I S S U E
B AS S T E E L producers strained to place ev ery idle facility into the active list, steel ou tpu t last week (p. 29) rose a n oth er h a lf-p oin t to 9514 per cent o f rated in g ot ca p a city. E ven this rate is insufficient to keep pace w ith the p resen t heavy demand, and deliveries on som e prod u cts continue to edge o ff a little fa rth e r in to the fu ture. W hile b u yin g o f all steel prod u cts is active, bars, shapes and plates at present are in the lead. Shell steel tonnage (p . 79) is increasing.
Much present buying is fo r in v en tory or in an ticipation. M ore orders are bein g placed fo r first quarter at prices ruling a t tim e o f shipm ent.
Some sp ecifyin g u ndou btedly results fr o m in creased talk about priorities.
There should be no cause fo r im m ediate w o r ry about priorities. The new priorities b oa rd rules (p. 21) that volu n tary p referen ce ratings w ill be continued as fa r as p ra c
tical. . . T hree pages are re
quired in this issue o f
St e e l(p . 4 1 ) to list govern m en t aw ards o f last w eek that are o f interest to the m etals industries. . . . SW O C petitions the defense com m ission (p . 34 ) to w ith hold governm ent con tracts fr o m la b or la w v io lators . . . R oosevelt has lost h a lf o f the sup
port he form erly has fr o m m en w h o constitute the “ middle class” in the m etals industries. O f those participating in
St e e l’sp oll (p . 2 2 ), 81.16 per cent voted fo r W illk ie ; in 1936 on ly 60.78 per cent o f these same m en voted f o r L andon.
No Worry on Priority
Last week m arked the floodtide o f the F a ll convention season. A t all o f them the ch ie f underlying theme w as that o f nation al defense.
This w as a ch ie f fa cto r fo r brin g in g to the 1940 N ation al M etal C ongress and E x p o si
tion (p . 23 ) the b ig g est a t
tendance in h istory. M achine tool builders talked abou t the sam e su b ject (p . 31) and say they need to k n ow m ore abou t de
Conventions and Defense
sign o f planes, guns, tanks and oth er arm am ent b e fo re th ey can determ ine w h a t tools w ill be req u ired fo r th eir p rodu ction . M achine too l dealers (p . 3 5 ) do n ot lo o k fo r collapse a fter defense pressure fa lls o ff; p eop le w ill continue to have needs in 1950 the sam e as in 1940 and 1930. . . T in sm eltin g in the U nited States (p.
3 2 ) is co m in g closer.
F o r effectiv e use o f radian t e n erg y in d ry in g and baking, certain basic fa c to r s m u st be u n derstood . C orrect a p p lica tion o f this m eth od
m akes it possible to g et large ou tp u t w ith com p a ra tiv ely sm all equipm ent. On the oth er hand, it is n o t applicable w ith equal effectiven ess to all types o f m etal finishing w ork . H erew ith (p . 4 8 ) is presented the first in stallm en t o f a th ree-p a rt article on this su b ject. . . . R egin a ld T ra u tsch old (p. 52) describes a con v e y in g system fo r han
dlin g h ot strip coils in a Southern tin plate plant. . . . A queer new device (p . 56) dissipates sm ok e b y bom b a rd in g it w ith h ig h -fre q u en cy sound w aves. . . . N ew ga g e (p . 71 ) m easures w idth o f strip m o v in g at 2000 fe e t per m inute.
Handling Strip Coils
Press Brake More Useful
E . K. S prin g and J. K. D esm ond (p . 5 8) de
scrib e a new m eth od fo r testin g h a rd en a b ility o f oil-qu en ch in g tool steels. T h ey find it m ore accu rate than oth er know n test m ethods. . . . L o n g e m p loyed in fo r m in g sheets fo r a ir c r a ft fa b rica tion , the press brak e is b eco m in g in crea s
in g ly u sefu l in that field.
St e e l(p . 64) p o r tra y s som e o f the shapes now used, also som e o f the sp ecia l and su g g ested dies fo r a ircra ft general w ork . . . . C resolsu lph on ic acid added to stannous ch loride in h ib itor retard s ox id a tio n in p ick lin g acid (p . 7 0 ), sa y s a B ritish author. A d dition o f gelatine, he finds, a fford s clean er solu tion and b etter inh ibition than are obtained w ith flour additions.
October 28, 1940
KAT ASM»«
»¡V 6.J.W- **JJ
CH A*AcruiíTJcs
T
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phJ.%«
s« 1 ^ S
LABORATORY CERTA NTY
-ał Ryerson
■ AVKR\ sh ip m en t o f alloy stool is accom panied -*-4 hy accurate data based on laboratory tests, covering exact ch em ical and physical properties, grain size, cleanliness rating and hardening character
istics. W ith the Ryerson data sheet before you , you know what steel you are g ettin g, you secure best heat treatm en t results and you save tim e because you do not have to test.
Ryerson stocks also include a wide range o f stainless, h ea t- and corrosion-resisting steels, sheets and tu b in g — all closely controlled as to ch em ical c on ten t. M a n y highly specialized steel requirem ents can he supplied on a m o m e n t’ s notice!
Ryerson Steel-Service is geared particularly to the needs o f defense in du s
tries. All Ryerson products
are painstakingly selected for tlicir u n iform high q u ality. T h ey are carefully w arehoused, accurately cut to your specifications, and shipped on the dot front ten convenient slocks o f over 10,000 sizes, kinds and shapes.
S u b m it your next steel problem , to the nearest Ryerson p lan t. I f you haven ’ t the 1940-41 Ryerson stock list and data b ook, send for it today. It will quick ly become your guide to qu ality steel and fast steel service.
Joseph T . Ryerson & So n , I n c ., Chicago, Milwaukee, St. L ouis, C in cin n ati, D etro it, Cleveland, Buffalo, B osto n , Philadelphia, Jersey City.
20
/ T E E LP r i o r i t i e s B o a r d
T o T o n t i n u e V o I u 1 1 1 a r >
Preference R atings
Three-Man Board Includes Knudsen, Stettinius, Henderson.
Donald M . Nelson Appointed Administrator o f Priorities.
Iiules and Regulations Now in Process of Preparation.
Price Controls, To Protect Commercial Buyers, Possible.
■ VOLUNTARY preference ratings system on national defense contracts will be continued as fa r as practical, the new priorities board announced last week.
The priorities board, com prised of William S. Knudsen, chairman, Ed
ward R. Stettinius Jr. and Leon Henderson, all members o f the na
tional defense advisory com m ission, was established upon recom m enda
tion of the defense council and un
der executive order o f the President.
Donald M. Nelson, co-ordinator o f defense purchases, was appointed administrator o f priorities.
At its first meeting, the priorities board approved plans o f organiza
tion, adopted a number o f policies, endorsed previous activities o f prior
ities committee o f the arm y and navy munitions board and directed the the drafting o f rules and regula
tions.
The board agreed that its duties will be to establish principles o f policy to govern operation o f the piiorities system. It was pointed out that the board was established on recommendation o f the defense council whose members perceived a growing demand by industry fo r governmental assistance in settling conflicts arising from the impact o f he defense program, especially in ose areas where a large portion oi productive capacity is engaged in defense work.
,, J.lle Priorities adm inistrator's arinnf )VK be t0 Cai’ry 0Ut P °licics adopted by the board to adjust such conflicts. He will make the neces- with contacts w ith industry and with government agencies and will determine that activities o f the gov-
™ e” t dePartments are consistent
"ith the Priorities board’s policies.
h ~ ; L a SS1,S t M r - N e l s o n > t h e b o a r d
haS named A. C. C. Hill Jr., assistant
to the co-ordinator o f national de
fen se purchases, as deputy adm in
istrator.
T he priorities com m ittee o f the arm y and n avy munitions board is charged with the placing o f p refer
ence ratings on arm y and navy con tracts and w ith the adjustm ent o f any conflicts that m ay arise between the tw o services. The preference ratings w ill serve as indications to the m anufacturers o f the order in which defense contracts are to be filled.
Policies Adopted
Other policies adopted by board included: 1— D elivery dates request
ed by arm y and navy on p referen ce
rated contracts should be geared, through proper scheduling, to de
liveries o f related defense items.
Thus all com ponents o f tanks, such as radios and m achine guns, will bear the sam e priority rating as the com pleted tank, delivery dates being so arranged that all com p o
nents w ill flow to assem bly point at proper time.
2— P referen ce ratings coverin g all supply requirem ents o f a specific industry o r com panies within an in
dustry should not be extended at present. Board felt that extension o f such blanket ratings is not required and decided to continue fo r the pres
ent the practice o f applying p refer
ence ratings to individual contracts.
3— P referen ce rating AA, which has not been used so fa r and which would take im m ediate precedence over all other contracts, private or governm ent, should be reserved fo r cases o f exceptional em ergency, and b e fore its use referen ce should be m ade to priorities board fo r policy decision.
4 -W ith advice o f m achine tool
section o f defense com m ission, priorities com m ittee o f a rm y and n avy munitions board should con tinue to extend preferen ce ratings to orders fo r m achine tools placed b y other m achine tool builders. M a
chine tool builders frequ en tly must purchase their ow n m achine tools fro m other producers. Unless such extension o f preference ratings w ere permitted, it would be im possible fo r prim ary m achine tool builders to increase their production in order to meet the demands o f the defense program .
R ules and regulations govern in g action b y the priorities board and the adm inistrator o f priorities are in the process o f preparation. They w ill be presented fo r the considera
tion o f the board at an early meet
ing and th erea fter w ill be referred to the President fo r his approval.
It is considered possible that priority orders m ay have to be is
sued fo r structural steel, tool steel and alloys. A lso such construction as new or expanded munitions and a ircra ft plants m ay be granted priority orders fo r steel. T o date, the defense com m ission has had only a fe w cases in w hich a conflict arose on steel shipments. A ll w ere adjusted voluntarily.
Use o f price con trols to protect civilian buyers, when and if ration ing becom es necessary, m ay be a part o f the priorities program . O ffi
cials em phasized that any applica
tion o f price fixing w ill be beneficial to regu lar com m ercial buyers o f products which also are needed fo r the defense program .
T ext o f the president’ s executive order authorizing the establishm ent o f the prioi’ ities board and the ap
pointm ent o f the adm inistrator of priorities:
“ W hereas section 2 (a ) o f the act
21
o f June 28, 1940, public No. 671, 76th congress, provides that all naval contracts and orders and all arm y contracts and orders shall in the discretion o f the President take prioi'ity over all deliveries fo r private account or fo r exp ort; and
“ W hereas the public interest re
quires that provision be made to insure the prom p t delivery o f m a
terials, articles, equipment, and sup
plies essential to the national de
fen se; and
"W hereas the council o f national defense has established a priorities board com posed o f the fo llow in g m em bers o f the advisory com m is
sion to the council o f national de
fen se: The advisor on industrial p ro
duction, as chairm an, the advisor on industrial m aterials, and the ad
visor on price stabilization; and
“ W hereas the priorities board has designated Mr. D onald M. N el
son as adm inistrator o f priorities:
“ Now , therefore, by virtue o f the authority vested in me by section 2 (a ) o f the said act o f June 28, 1940, and as President o f the United States, I hereby approve the estab
lishment o f the aforesaid board and
B I f President R oosevelt meets with defeat in his attem pt fo r a third term it will be due in large m easure to the votes o f men w ho constitute the “ middle class’’ in in
dustry.
This fa ct was dem onstrated con clusively in the poll conducted by
Steelat the N ational Metals E x
position in Cleveland last week.
D u ring the first fo u r days 3354 ballots w ere cast. W illkie drew 2722 o f these votes, or 81.16 per cent. R oosevelt drew 632 votes, or 18.84 per cent.
O f these very sam e persons, 1776, or 60.78 per cent, said they had
the designation o f the said adm inis
trator and authorize the said board and the said adm inistrator, acting in the public interest and in the in
terest o f the national defense, under rules and regulations prescribed by the board with the approval o f the President, to require, in accordance with the provisions o f the said sec
tion 2 (a ), persons with w hom naval and arm y contracts and orders have been o r are placed, to grant priority f o r deliveries pursuant thereto over all deliveries fo r private account or fo r exp ort.”
N elson said: “ I want to m ake it clear that the establishm ent o f the new priorities adm inistration does not mean that a system o f m anda
tory priorities on all national de
fense contracts will be instituted im m ediately.
“ It is the intention o f the adm in
istrator o f priorities that the sys
tem o f voluntary preferen ce ratings now applied to certain defense con tracts shall be continued.
“ In recom m ending establishm ent o f a priorities board and an adm in
istrator o f priorities, the national defense advisory com m ission anti-
voted fo r Landon in 1936, while 1146, or 39.22 per cent, said they voted fo r R oosevelt fou r years ago.
T hat is, out o f 1146 votes fo r R oosevelt in 1936, nearly half are g oin g to W illk ie in 1940.
A revealing fa ct is that the per
centage o f high executives voting in
Steel’spoll was low. The great m a jority o f the voters included men w h o occu py positions such as w eld
ing forem en, steel treaters, super
intendents, m etallurgists, engineers and production m en w ho constitute the full range o f em ployes.
T he vote was quite consistent from day to day. W illkie’s m a jo r
ity averaged 80.54 per cent during
cipated an increasing demand for governm ental assistance to assure the prom p t delivery o f items re
quired fo r the defense program .
“ The setting up, at present, of adequate m achinery fo r handling the priority question w ill be an im
portant aid in preventing industrial confusion, particularly as the pro
gram broadens. It w ill thus be a useful contribution to the national defense effort.
“ The im m ediate tasks o f the prior
ities board and the adm inistrator of priorities w ill be:
“ 1. To establish policies govern
in g operation o f the priorities sys
tem.
“ 2. To adjust differences that can
not be settled by con tractors them
selves dealing through procure
ment officers o f the w a r and navy departm ents and the priorities com
m ittee o f the arm y and navy muni
tions board.
“ 3. T o handle such priority prob
lem s as m ay arise outside the juris
diction o f the priorities committee o f the arm y and navy munitions board.”
the first tw o days and 81.78 during the third and fou rth days.
T he results o f
Steel’spoll can be regarded as highly significant when the 1936 election is recalled. While R oosevelt got 27,476,673 votes, against 16,679,583 fo r Landon, it w ould have required a difference of only a fe w m illions o f votes in the right states to have sw u n g the bal
ance in the electoral vote.
Com plete results o f the 5-day poll will be published in
Steelo f Nov.
4,but it seem s unlikely they will re
flect m uch change from those of the first fo u r days’ balloting. Photo, typical view at the votin g machines in
Steel’sbooth.
22
/ T E E L“ Largest M e ta ls S h ow ” E m p h a si zes New A ids to D efense P rodu ction
■ REARMAMENT requirements, with their emphasis on increased production and efficiency, resulted in the 1940 National Metal Congress and Exposition being the largest yet held.
During the first three days m ore than 22,000 attended the exposition.
Total attendance at the show and at meetings o f the participating organizations was well over the 25,000-mark reached at Chicago last year. A new record was set fo r exhibit space occupied, m ore than 103,000 square feet, by 338 e x hibitors. There were 267 last year.
This year’s theme was “ New Aids to Production” — and the ex
hibits were replete with im proved processes and equipment. Many featured armament items. A ctually, products o f at least 90 per cent o f the exhibitors are being used direct
ly or indirectly in armam ent manu
facture.
One hundred army and navy ord
nance men attended sessions o f the American Society fo r Metals, and at least 30 more registered fo r American W elding society m eet
ings. Many o f the 153 papers pre
sented at the congress discussed armament production.
This was the fourth time the congress and exposition w ere held in Cleveland. The first was in 1925, others in 1929 and 1936.
Four Societies Co-operate The American Society fo r Metals, which sponsors the congress and exposition, received whole-hearted co-operation from the Am erican Welding society, conducting its twenty-first annual m eeting; A m er
ican Institute o f Mining and Metal
lurgical Engineers, with the fall meeting o f its Institute o f Metals a’K^ Iron and Steel divisions; and the Wire association, holding its annual meeting.
The American Society fo r M etals’
program included 13 technical sec- h°nS’ the Edwa1'13 DeMille Camp
bell memorial lecture, a five-period lecture course on strength o f m a
terials under com bined stresses, a three-period course on the quench
in g o f steels, the annual business m eeting and the annual banquet.
T w o o f the technical sections constituted a sym posium on su r
fa ce treatm ent o f metals during which ten papers w ere presented.
E xceptionally large attendance was experienced at both lecture course study groups.
M axw ell Gensamer, associate p ro fessor in m etallurgy, Carnegie In stitute o f T echn ology, Pittsburgh, conducted the five-period course held late each afternoon on strength o f metals under com bined stresses. This group o f educa
tional lectures was supplem ented by a series on the quenching o f steels by A. A. Bates, W esting- house E lectric & M fg. Co.; W . J.
Conley, U niversity o f Rochester, Rochester, N. Y., and R. G. Rosh- ong, Lindberg Steel Treating Co., Chicago.
About 800 m em bers attended the Society fo r M etals’ twenty-second
annual meeting, W ednesday m orn ing. James P. Gill, president, rep ort
ed on an innovation in the society ’s activities w hich has received re
m arkable acceptance. T he P hila
delphia chapter organized a cou rse in m etallurgy fo r governm ent in
spectors and w ork ers on ordnance orders. It was attended by nearly 800. It has proved so su ccessfu l m any other chapters are planning a sim ilar course, an im portant contribution to the cou n try's re
arm am ent program .
M r. Gill also reported the society n ow includes 52 chapters, g rou p s having been organized recen tly in Birm ingham , A la.; D enver, and M eadville, Pa. M em bership in the so ciety n ow totals 11,122— a new re c
ord— com pared with 10,220 a y ea r ago. H ighspeed tool steels w as announced as the su b ject fo r the 1941 sym posium . T he W estern Metal C ongress and E xposition is scheduled to be held in L os A n geles, M ay 19, 1941.
The 1941 N ational M etal C on
Accent Is on R earm am ent
■ View on one of the floors in Cleveland’s exposition hall where 338 exhibitors displayed new products and processes, many related to defense
October 28, 1940 23
gress and Exposition will bo hold in Philadelphia the third w eek in O ctober.
The 1940 A lbert Sauveur A chieve
m ent award was made to Adolph W . M aehlet, A m erican Gas F u r
nace Co., Elizabeth, N. J., “ fo r out
standing contributions ever a long period o f years.’' Technical p roc
esses contributed by Mr. Maehlet include the Carbonia, or “ blue steel,” process now em ployed by governm ent arm ories, arsenals and sm all arm s m anufacturers to im part a blue-black m etallic su rface finish. Other contributions include the nitriding process, ni-carbing and a new m ethod o f clean hardening carbon and high-speed steels. Mr.
M achlet's basic w ork in inventing and developing a direct gas car- burizing process and m achine has low ered costs and im proved quality o f product in case-hardening.
Harder Elected President O fficers o f the S ociety fo r M etals for 1940-1941 w ere elected as fo l
low s: Dr. O scar E. Harder, assist
ant director, Battelle M em orial insti
tute, Columbus, O., president; Dr.
Bradley Stoughton, dean emeritus, Lehigh university, Bethlehem, Pa., vice president; W illiam H. Eisen- man, re-elected secretary. N ew ly elected trustees include C. Y. C lay
ton, M issouri Sch ool o f Mines, Holla, M o.; E. L. Bartholom ew , United Shoe M achinery Co., Boston.
The society awarded the presi
dent’s bell, fo r outstanding w ork by any o f the society chapters, to the Houston, Tex., group.
Certificates o f appreciation w ere presented to M axw ell Gensamer, associate p rofessor o f m etallurgy, Carnegie Institute o f T echnology, P ittsburgh; A. Allan Bates, man
ager, chem ical and m etallurgical departm ent, research laboratories o f W estinghouse E lectric & M fg.
Co., East Pittsburgh, Pa.; W . J.
Conley, departm ent o f engineering, Univei'sity o f R ochester, R ochester, N. Y .; and R. G. R oshong, m etal
lurgist, L indberg Steel Treating Co., Chicago, fo r their educational lectures conducted as a special fea ture o f the con gress this year.
A certificate o f appreciation also w as awarded Charles M. Strickler, General M achine W orks, Y ork, Pa., fo r ten yea rs’ service with the Y ork, Pa., chapter. W . H. W ood- side, president o f the society, 193S- 1939, received the past-president’s plaque. H e is vice president in charge o f research, Clim ax M olyb
denum Co., Detroit.
A num ber o f am endm ents to the society ’s constitution w ere adopted unanim ously, all being revisions m erely to cla rify meaning.
T he 1940 Edw ard DeM ille Cam p
bell m em orial lecture was present-
O s c a r E . H a rd er
E lected p resid en t, A m e r ic a n S o c ie ty fo r M eta ls. W a s v ic e p resid en t o i the S o c ie ty d u r in g th e p a s t y ea r. Is a ss ista n t d ire c to r, B a tte lle M em oria l in stitu te,
C olu m b u s, O.
ed by Sam uel L. Hoyt, technical adviser, Battelle M em orial insti
tute. His subject, “ The Scientific M ethod in M etallurgy,” w as devel
oped by tracing the advance o f m etallu rgy fro m the ancient Greeks up to the study o f interm etallic com pounds by the X-ray.
A t the annual banquet o f the A m erican Society fo r M etals T hu rs
day evening, Gen. H ugh S. Johnson
M TH E twenty-first annual m eet
ing o f the A m erican W elding so ciety held in Cleveland, Oct. 21-25, as part o f the 1940 M etal C ongress and E xposition included 15 tech
nical sessions with 53 papers, an
nual business meeting, industrial research conference, fundam ental research conference, and a session fo r presentation o f awards. R e gis
tration totaled 1683, com pared with 1240 at 1939 annual m eeting, a new record.
Presentation o f awards high spot
ted the opening session. The Sam uel W ylie M iller m em orial m edal was awarded to W illiam Spraragen, technical secretary o f the A m erican W elding society and editor o f The W elding Journal, “ fo r conspicuous contributions to the art and science o f w elding during 21 years in the field.”
A w ard o f the Lincoln gold medal donated by Jam es F. Lincoln, presi
dent, Lincoln E lectric Co., Cleve
land, w as made to H. J. French and T. N. A rm stron g Jr., Inter
stated his belief that Wendell L.
W illkie will be elected president.
"T h e rising tidal w ave o f public sentim ent that is sw eeping Mr.
W illkie to v ictory is composed of three elements, none o f which has very m uch to do w ith the actual argum ents o f cam paign speakers,”
he said.
“ One is the g row in g faith in the sim ple hom espun honesty of Mr W illkie.
“ The second is the rising disgust fo r the cleverness, slickness and guile o f Mr. R oosevelt.
“ The third is the g row in g popular disgust and fe a r o f cleverness, slick
ness and guile o f politicians as a tribe.
“ This country yearns fo r what the whole w orld needs, a return to hon
esty, respect fo r the pledged word and faith in the prom ises by which men live.”
In introducing the speaker, T. M.
Girdler, chairm an, R epublic Steel Corp., Cleveland, said there was no m ore fo rce fu l exponent o f democ racy in A m erica than “ Gen. Hugh (Iron Pants) Johnson.”
Other features at the banquet in
cluded presentation o f the past president’s medal to W illiam P.
W oodside, vice president in charge o f research, Clim ax Molybdenum Co., Detroit. A certificate o f appre
ciation w as given to Mr. H oyt for his lecture on W ednesday.
national N ickel Co., N ew York.
This award, presented each year for the paper which contributed most to the year’s developm ent o f weld
ing, was m ade fo r “ W eld Harden
ing o f Carbon and o f A lloy Steel.”
Presented this year fo r the first tim e and scheduled fo r subsequent years is a new series o f awards by the R esistance W elder M anufac
turers’ association, 505 A rch street, Philadelphia. A w ards this year included: F irst award, $300, to A.
M. Unger, H. A. Matis and W . A.
K nocke o f Pullm an Standard Car M fg. Co., C hicago; second award,
$200, to R. S. Pelton, w elding engi
neer, General E lectric Co., Schenec
tady, N. Y .; third award, $100, to J. H. Cooper, w eldin g engineer, T aylor-W infield Corp., W arren, 0.;
and fo u r other awards o f $25 each to H. C. Cogan, N ational Electric W elding M achine Co., Bay City, Mich., join tly with R. S. Pelton, w elding engineer, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y .; C. F.
M arschner, M cD onnell ’ Aircraft
A n a n l s F e a t u r e M e e t i n g o f A m e r i c a n W e l d i n g S o c i e t y
24
/ T E E L
Corp.; R. J. W ensley, ITE Circuit Breaker Co., Philadelphia; and jointly to Dr. W . B. Kouwenhoven, professor in electrical engineering, and J. Tampico, graduate student, Johns Hopkins university, Balti
more.
At the Industrial Research con
ference o f the society held Monday, a plea was voiced by Dr. C. A.
Adams, chairman o f research com mittee and consulting engineer, Edward G. Budd M fg. Co., Phila
delphia, for the need o f funda
mental research in college labora
tories jointly sponsored by indus
try to eliminate duplication o f efforts by separate industrial re
searchers.
Investigation on dome versus flat electrodes already has indicated that actually only one type, the flat, is to be considered since the dome soon becomes flat in opera
tion. Work on inertia o f welders already has shown that a good welding machine should include provision fo r proper follow -up as the metal softens if a good weld is to be obtained.
Another study fo r which §11,000 has been appropriated covers vari
ous analyses o f steels in rimmed, semikilled and coarse grained types.
-One of the interesting features o f this study is that small experi
mental heats from laboratory melts are being run in conjunction with regular heats to see if it is possible to correlate the two. If this proves
G len F . J cn k s
E lected p resid en t, A m e r ic a n W e ld in g s o c ie ty . Is c o lo n e l, o r d n a n c e d ep a rtm en t,
W a s h in g to n
to be true, it opens up an entirely new m eans o f studying laboratory steels, their weldability, best w eld
ing and heat-treatment procedures, and so on.
O fficers elected by the society fo r 1940-1941 w ere as follo w s: P resi
dent, Col. Glen F. Jenks, United States arm y, W ashington; first vice president, K. L. Hansen, con sulting engineer, H arnischfeger Corp., M ilwaukee; second vice presi
dent, David Arnott, ch ief su rveyor and vice president, A m erican Bu
reau o f Shipping, N ew York. D is
trict vice presidents included: F or
Writers on Resistance W elding Receive Awards
■ Resistance Welder M anufactur
ers association this year inauguar- ated awards for best papers pub- cation ° ? devel°pment and appli- loin of .resistance welding. The . r®clPmnts shown here are left
denV
t u' TamPico. graduate stu- Raitirv, Hopkins university, M tirn °re : j . H. Cooper, welding engineer, Taylor-Winfield C o r p ,
■October
28, 1940
W arren, O., and w inner o f third award, §100; A. M. Unger, H. A.
Matis and W . A. K nocke o f Pullm an Standard Car M fg. Co., Chicago, join t winners o f first award, §300;
R. S. Pelton, w elding engineer, Gen
eral E lectric Co., Schenectady, N. Y., w inner o f second award, §200; and T. C. Smith, first vice president o f the society m aking the awards.
N ew York, P. J. H orgen, General E lectric Co., Lynn, M ass.; fo r m id
dle-eastern section, E. T. Scott, president, Cleveland School o f W eld
ing, Cleveland; fo r middle-western section, D. H. C orey, w elding en
gineer, D etroit Edison Co., D etroit;
fo r P acific coast section, L. W . Delhi, W estern P ipe & Steel Co., San F rancisco; fo r southern sec
tion, O. T. Barnett, m etallurgist, B lack Sivalls & Bryson, Oklahom a City, Okla.
Elected as new directors w ere:
A . G. Bissell, charge o f supervision o f w elding and casting section, bu reau o f ships, W ash in gton ; J. H.
Deppeler, ch ief engineer, M etal &
T herm it Corp., N ew Y ork ; H arold O. Hill, assistant ch ief engineer o f fabricated steel construction, B eth
lehem Steel Corp., Bethlehem, Pa.;
E. L. M athy, first vice president, V ictor Equipm ent Co., San F ran cisco.
R etiring society president, G eorge T. H orton, Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., Chicago, reported at the an
nual m eeting a total m em bership fo r the A m erican W elding society o f 4344, which com pares w ith 3693 a year ago, an im portant gain.
Lecture Courses Successful Lecture courses conducted by sec
tions attracted wide attention. The W ashington section cou rse had an enrollm ent o f 1000, largely engi
neers in governm ent service. A ver
age attendance at the eight lectures was 500. The N ew Y ork section course on w elding m etallurgy also was enthusiastically received with a paid enrollm ent o f 256. In addition to the tri-state w elding conferen ce and tw o series o f lectures the Cleveland section sponsored a h igh ly su ccessfu l w elding conference, attended by over 450.
D uring 1939-40, three new sec
tions w ere organized— at M anito
w oc, W is., N ew ark, N. J., and the Canal Zone.
F ou r new com m ittees w ere or
ganized to cover: N ondestructive tests fo r w elds; codes fo r fusion w elding high-alloy steel engineer
ing structures; inspection o f w eld
in g; electric w elding apparatus.
C om m ittees reorganized include those on building codes; standard tests fo r w elds; grou p in g o f m ate
rials according to w eldability; m ini
m um requirem ents o f instruction fo r w elding operators in trade sch ools; A W S-ASM E conferen ce com m ittee. The society also has appointed representatives on the A S A standardization p roje ct “ P re
ferred V oltages— 100 V olts and Un
der” ; A STM com m ittee A10— sub
com m ittee V l l on w eldin g; A m er
ican co-ordinating com m ittee on corrosion.
The follow in g codes w ere com-
P r o g r e s s in B e s s e m e r S te e lm a k in g I s O u tlin e d a t A .I .M .E . M e e tin g
pleted: Tentative standard m eth
ods fo r mechanical testing o f welds;
tentative definitions o f w elding term s and m aster chart o f welding processes; tentative rules fo r field w elding o f storage tanks; tentative specifications fo r iron and steel arc w elding electrodes; w elding sym bols and instructions fo r their use;
recom m ended procedure to be fo l
low ed in preparing fo r w elding or cutting certain types o f containers which have held com bustibles;
A W W A -A W S tentative specifica
tions fo r elevated steel w ater tanks, standpipes and reservoirs; standard qualification procedure — section 1
— manual arc and gas w elding o f ferrou s m aterials; w elding o f pipe joints (chapter 4 o f the A SA code
fo r pressure p iping).
Annual banquet was attended by m ore than 400. T oastm aster was F red L. Plum m er, ch ief research engineer, H am m ond Iron W orks, W arren, Pa., w ho has been elect
ed treasurer o f the society to serve out the office held by Charles A. McCune, secretary, M agnaflux Corp., N ew York, w ho died recently.
Principal speaker o f the evening, C. A. Adam s, chairm an o f the re search com m ittee and consulting engineer, Edw ard G. Budd M fg. Co., Philadelphia, paid a tribute to the m em ory o f Charles A. McCune.
G eorge T. H orton, retiring presi
dent, also spoke.
■ The L incoln gold medal award, fo r the paper contributing m ost to the year’s developm ent o f w eld
ing, was awarded at opening session o f the A m erican W elding society fo r, ‘‘W eld H ardening o f Carbon and o f A lloy Steel,” written by H.
J. French and T. N. A rm stron g
■ A M E R IC A ’S access to mineral supplies m ight have a profou n d in
fluence on the final ou tcom e o f the European war, according to R . C.
Allen, consultant fo r the industrial m aterials division o f the national defense com m ission and first vice president o f Oglebay, N orton & Co., Cleveland.
Mr. Allen sp ok e at the annual autumn dinner o f the institute o f metals and iron and steel divisions o f the A m erican Institute o f Min
ing and M etallurgical Engineers, which held its fall m eeting in Hotel Cleveland, Cleveland, Oct. 21-23.
W ithout m inerals and other raw materials, our national defense pro
gram w ould soon crumble, Mr. Allen stated. A m erica has a sufficient supply o f m anganese to m eet re
quirem ents fo r the next tw o years and sufficient tin fo r at least a year.
T he m anganese supply, he ex
plained, em braces the increased pro
duction from Cuban sources, an in
creased yield from dom estic de
posits, and the substitution o f low- grade dom estic ores fo r high-grade im ported manganese.
R eserves o f antim ony, chrom e ore, tungsten and quartz crystals
Jr., International N ickel Co., New Y ork. The m edal was presented by P rof. L. W . Clark, Rensselaer P olytechnic institute, T roy, N. Y., at extrem e right, to Mr. French and Mr. A rm stron g, extrem e left, second fro m the right is G eorge T. H orton, president o f the society.
are beginning to accum ulate and purchases o f these and other miner
als are being made right along.
Salvage and reclam ation programs are being devised by mineralogists and while it is hoped these plans m ay never have to be used, still they m ay be o f im portance under criti
cal conditions.
B essem er steel production at pres
ent is much too low fo r a correct balance o f processes within the steel industry in the opinion o f H. W.
Graham, director o f m etallurgy and research, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, w ho spoke at one o f the sessions.
Mr. Graham described how re
search and plant m etallurgical staffs have produced a m ethod that has helpful control features in bessemer operations, pointing out that the flame is view ed by a suitable photo
cell and am plifier arrangement and a continuous graphic record is ob
tained o f the energy registered.
W ith this system in operation, he explained, it is possible fo r the first tim e in bessem er history, to check the b low er’s visual estimations against an instantaneous instrumen- tally obtained record.
He announced that efforts now are being directed to full exploration of the exact length o f afterblow that is m ost favorable fo r each grade o f product and each phase thereof.
W here various quality factors in a single grade call fo r a different pe
riods o f afterblow , he stated, the best possible com prom ise will be se
lected. In this w ay progress may be achieved toward a degree o f uni
form ity never b efore reached in bessem er practice.
S e es Increased B esse m e r Output
He explained that gradual erosion o f the lining or slow building up of vessel skulls will produce gradual changes which can be compensated fo r by an alert blow er, but he can hardly be held responsible for sud
den fluctuations in pow er supply such as inevitably will occu r if other heavy equipm ent is fed from elec
tric or hydraulic lines used to ro
tate the converter.
Decline o f the bessem er process, he stated in conclusion, probably has gone som ew hat further than is justified by present econom ic con
siderations, and these considerations w ill tend to sustain and perhaps even increase bessem er production in com ing years.
A
new process o f rapid dephos- phorization o f b essem er steel was described fo r the first tim e byG.
M.
Y o co m , superintendent, steel w orks and rolling m ills, Wheeling26
/ T E E lSteel Corp., Benvvood, W . Va. The process has been in operation fo r the past three years at the Benwood plant and approximately 250,000 tons of low phosphorus steel has been produced and applied to prod
ucts where a low phosphorus con
tent is required, the speaker pointed out.
The dephosphorizing method re
quires a blown metal temperature in excess of normal fo r the purpose of melting a dephosphorizer added in the cold state. Temperatures, he continued, affect slag fluidity and he found a silicon to manganese ra
tio of 2-1 coupled with young blow ing was a minimum requirement for the production o f a proper type of thick slag.
Has Individual Properties Blast furnaces m aking bessemer iron, he explained, are usually oper
ated on three or fou r ores to pro
duce an iron o f normal content at the lowest cost. In this case a man
ganese content o f about 0.50 per cent is normal. This process is fo l
lowed, he stated, but the silicon and manganese contents are adjusted to the requirements fo r producing the proper type o f converter slag. Con
trolling the silicon-manganese ratio permits the use o f a cross section of the available ores rather than a selected few. At the same time the proper type o f thick converter slag is obtained even with the high
er blowing temperatures.
Mr. Yocom asserted that the steel has rather distinct properties o f its own and in certain products it is better than either open-hearth or regular bessemer steel. It has good welding and machining qualities o f normal phosphorus steel and som e of its stiffness and reaction to cold works but at a much low er degree of brittleness under impact stresses.
On the other hand, he explained, it has properties o f ductility com par
able to low-carbon open-hearth steel of about 0.070 per cent phosphorus content but with a better threading and welding quality. He added that it should be applicable to various products in addition to the applica
tions of tubular goods and flat rolled sheet products.
Inspect Cleveland Plants
■ Inspection trips sponsored by the American Society fo r Metals in con nection with the Metal Congress and Exposition interested many visitors.
Biants visited included those o f Tmnerman Products Inc., W hite Motor Co., General Electric Co., R e
public Steel Corp., Lamson & Ses
sions Co., Ohio Crankshaft Co., Otis
p
