Automatisch rijden tussen droom en realiteit… (PPT)

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Delft University of Technology

van Arem, Bart

Publication date 2016

Document Version Submitted manuscript

Citation (APA)

van Arem, B. (2016). Automatisch rijden tussen droom en realiteit… (PPT). Self Driving Car Summit, Houten, Netherlands.

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Automatisch rijden tussen droom en realiteit Self Driving Car Summit, 12 october 2016, Expo Houten

Automatisch rijden tussen droom

en realiteit…

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Rivium Buses (Rotterdam)

Separated track

Road based

transponders

Supervisory control

Since 1999…

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Acceptance

• Drivers state that they prefer warnings over control

• Control could be acceptable in special conditions such as

congestion driving

• Acceptance of (different levels of) automation increases after

(positive) experience

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Driver assistance/

Partial automation

Conditional/ High

automation

Driver needs to be able

to intervene at all times

Automated parking,

autocruise

Vehicle in control in

special conditions

Taxibots, platooning,

automated highways

Automated driving

Comfort, efficiency, safety,

costs

Mode choice, location choice,

urban and transport planning

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Fundamental changes in driving

behaviour

Workload,

driving performance,

attention,

situation awareness

risk compensation,

Driver Vehicle Interface,

acceptance,

mode transition,

purchase and use

Driver in control

_{Vehicle in control}

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Driving Behaviour in Control Transitions between

Adaptive Cruise Control and Manual Driving

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Potential impacts on traffic

Prevent traffic jams

by better stability

Solve traffic jams by

increased outflow

Better distribution of

traffic over network

Less congestion

delay

Decreased throughput

by larger headways

Decreased stability by

lack of anticipation

Increased risk of

congestion

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The congestion

assistant

• Detects downstream congestion

• Visual and auditive warning starting

at 5 km before congestion

• Active gas pedal at 1,5 km to

smoothly slow down

• Takes over longitudinal driving task

during congestion

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Traffic flow simulation: merging area A12

motorway, Woerden, the Netherlands

star t

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 end

upstream detector downstream detector

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Results

Speed upstream - 10% CA 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 Time (min) S p e e d ( k m /h ) Reference 1500 m 500 m 1.0 s 0.8 s Speed upstream - 50% CA 40 60 80 100 120 S p e e d ( k m /h ) Reference 1500 m 500 m 1.0 s 0.8 s

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A20: bottleneck motorway, no more

space to expand

3+2 cross weaving

_{Short on-ramp}

How can AVs relieve

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General findings on

motorway capacity

• ACC can either have a small negative or

a small positive effect on capacity

(~ -5% to +10%)

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Policy relevance

• Congestion and accessibility

• Safety

• Travel patterns

• Freight transport

• Public transport

• Socio-economic development

• Urban design

• Spatial structure

• Investment policies

National, regional, city authorities,

public transport operators, Multimodal

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Car driving more attractive!

Partial automation

High automation

Full automation

Better comfort,

Less accidents

Less congestion

Travel time can partially be

used for other purpose

Travel time can fully be used

for other purposes

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Spatial implications

Functional

Spatial

Geometric redesign of roads and junctions

Increasing sprawl residential and employment

locations

Redesign of urban, commercial, touristic areas

No on street parking

Concentration activities by better accessibility

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Automated roads?

• Implication of changes in traffic load? Platoons, bridges,

rutting?

• Automated driving under adverse roadway and weather

conditions?

• Implications for traffic management? Opportunity or thread?

• eHorizon: automated driving cloud for real-time positioning,

manoevering and safety?

• Level 4 certified roads?

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Exploration using LMS

Automated Autonomous

5% capacity decrease on primary road

network

Index km

travelled

Train

100.3 Car driver

99.8 Car passenger

99.7 Bus, tram,

metro

100.2 Cycling

100.1 Walking

100.1 Total

99.98 Index congestion

115.7 Index km

travelled

Train

98.8 Car driver

100.8 Car passenger

101.4 Bus, tram, metro 99.2

Cycling

99.3 Walking

99.4 Total

100.10 Automated Cooperative

15% capacity increase primary road

network

10% capacity increase secondary road

network

10% decrease value of time commuting

and business car trips

Index congestion

69.1

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Automated

Driving

Travel and location

choice behaviour

Freight and Logistics

applications

Infrastructure

service

networks

Urban design and

traffic safety

Spatial structure

and economy

Accessibility

Economy

Traffic Safety

Urban quality

Scientific challenges: understanding the spatial

and transport changes

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Application

Regional case studies: passenger

cars, freight, public transport, parking

Metropoolregio Rotterdam-The Hague

Province Zuid-Holland

Municipality of Amsterdam

Rotterdam The Hague Airport

Municipality of The Hague

Municipality of Rotterdam

AMS Advanced Metropoliton Solutions

SmartPort

SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research

RET NV

Mobycon

Province Gelderland

DTV Consultants

Connekt ITS Netherlands

Municipality of Delft

Rijkswaterstaat

KiM

CROW

Transdev-Connexxion

Spatial impacts, urban design,

agglomeration

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Stay tuned!

Internal STAD

activities

External activities

Dissemination tools

Establish the automated driving

network in the Netherlands

• 3 monthly sessions for and by

the consortium

• Alignment of practical and

academic partners

• Yearly STAD event combined

with possible pilots

• Newsletters & website for

interested parties

• Risk assessment and business

case tools

• Workshop sessions, CoP by

practical partners with interested parties

stad.tudelft.nl

LinkedIn groep SURF-STAD

info@stad.tudelft.nl

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.. and what about ethics?

… so much more than robot-dilemmas

Responsibi-lity

Values

Triple helix

Privacy

Security

Testing

Equity,

fairness

Sustainabi-lity

Collabora-tive design

Mixed traffic

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Wij moeten ook

nog leren:

Acceptatie en gebruik?

Marketing of wetenschap?

ICT of automotive?

Hype en realisme?

Slimme auto of simpel verkeer?

Wanneer is de slimme auto

verantwoordelijk?

Wie betaalt?

Gevolgen mobiliteit en ruimte?

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Van droom naar realiteit…

Regulations, type approval

Develope efficient and reliable

technology

Study spatial, transport and societal

impacts

Awareness, ambitions, expectations,

Collect, analyse and publish

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