Since man first sailed in primitive craft mankind has been
captivated by the sea's awesome presence. We rise to the
challenges of solving its mysteries and harnessing its power.
Centuries of maritime tradition have evolved vessels that
can circumnavigate the globe. We can even extract valuable
j
natural resources from far below the seabed. Even with
over 65 years of experience yet our voyage of understan
ding has only just begun.
Extending the
boundaries of
maritime research
MARIN has been dedicated to furthering maritime understan-ding and Icnowledge since 1932. Today, we have become an inter-nationally recognized authority on hydrodynamics, involved in fron-tier breaking research programs for governments, the maritime and offshore industry, and navies. MARIN also provides commercial shipbuilders, owners, propeller manufacturers, naval architects and the offshore industry with state-of-the-art performance pre-dictions, design consultancy and testing services.
Dual mission for
shared benefits
This dual mission ensures that our commercial customers benefit f r o m an ever-growing pool o f knowledge, while at the same time, our fundamental research beneflts from a stimulating source o f infor-mation and adequate resources to
stay at the forefront. The experien-ce gained from serving industry also feeds back into the knowledge development, strengthening the hnk between research and com-mercial activities. It is a unique synergy that makes it possible for us to tackle all your hydrodynamic technolog)' challenges, no matter how large or small.
Motivated people with
dedicated capabilities
We have a cluster o f the largest dedicated maritime research facili-ties in the world. We also have an
enviable array o f basins, simula-tion tools, measurement equip-ment and production tools. But most importantly, we have motiva-ted people that bring it all together. This highly trained team is dedica-ted to furthering hydrodynamic know-how and applying it for the benefit o f the maritime industry as a whole. A complete information technology infrastructure is i n place for the support o f research, production, business processes and knowledge management. Experience is the foundation.
www
Objective in research,
proactive in business
Our mission to stay at tlie forefront of maritime teclmology is balanced by a pro-active approach to the market. The industries we serve are faced w i t h decreasing margins, shorter cycle times and increasing global competition. By becoming involved in projects as early as pos-sible, we ensure there is time to find the most cost-effective, effi-cient solution. This gives you ma.ximum benefit from our hydro-dynamic expertise.
Investment in the future
There are very few hydrodynamic laboratories in the world operating on the open market. By using MARIN'S basins to commercial clients, we use market-pull to sti-mulate part o f our research. On the other hand, the fundamental research we carry out today helps shape tomorrow's market. Working with MARIN is an invest-G 4 21.012 4 6 81 Q 2
Optimized performance
with minimized risl<
When you come to MARIN, you can expect more than just verifica-tion of a design or concept. You can draw on our experience in problem solving to refine hydrodynamic performance. Our involvement in a project can lead to better design, safer operation and lower opera-tional costs. As testimony to the success of this approach, many o f the world's highest profile ships and offshore platforms have been modeled and tested in MARIN's basins and computer simulations.
Pool resources to
share investments
We forge long-term relationships based on cooperation,
confidentia-lity and trust with many o f our customers. This provides a unique platform for 'Joint Industry Projects', in which parties with common interests collectively fund the research. By pooling resources ata pre-competitive level, all parties not only enjoy significant cost savings from the shared investment,
but also benefit from more extensive research tiian they could afford or justif)' alone. We also encourage cooperation at otiier levels, includmg short- and long-term alliances between MARIN and partners with complementary expertise, and joint programs with technical universities and other research institutes.
% w
Today's research
helps shape
tomorrow's products
We operate at the frontier o f mari-time technology, employing com-binations o f mathematical models, computer simulations, scale model testing and full scale measurement to predict perfor-mance. We also account for the validity and accuracy of our predic-tions. MARIN is one of the few institutes with the expertise, expe-rience and, most importantly, knowledge base to do this.
Follow-up and
follow-through
The error margins of predictions vary according to simulation method and parameter. Some mathematical models are already quite accurate. The final confirma-tion is obtained f r o m a scale model test. MARIN has the know-how to choose the right combina-tions of testing and modeling, and the experience to apply the correct
trapolation to the full scale and
the insight to follow them up. Derived results are compared with full-scale field data to verify how close our predictions are to actual performance. Closing the loop i n this way continually improves and refines our modeling techniques.
Collective expertise in
focused product groups
To efficientiy manage our know-ledge development and to provide customers with the widest possi-ble spectrum of activities, we have nine product groups. They are:
• Maneuvering - determining maneuverabihty and safe working envelopes for ships and floating structures under reahstic working conditions
• Nautical Centre MSCN - offe-ring training programs for on-board and on-land professionals, and consultancy services for safe operations i n potts and rivers
• Offshore - assisting the industry with the hydrodynamic design and safe, economical operation o f offshore structures
and designing propellers and other propulsors for optimal efficiency and minimal vibration, noise and cavitation erosion
• Resistance & Propulsion - min-imising resistance and maxmin-imising propulsion capabilities o f ships and floating structures
• Seakeeping - understanding and quantifying the behaviour and per-formance o f ships and mobile structures in wind and waves
• Technology Transfer - transfer-ring hydrodynamic knowledge to facilitate the development o f hydromechanic testing facilities, and supplying related hardware and software
• Trials & Monitoring - determi-ning operational performance on board, and checking and vaUdating calculation methods
• Maritime Technology Develop-ment - managing and developing equipment and software for design, engineering and training.
Individual fact sheets on each pro-duct group are available on request.
Interactive synergy
closes the loop
Each product group interacts with all others, sharing experiences and building knowledge. Once again, a
synerg)' exists between our experts in all fields o f hydrodynamics. When required, we can build a team f r o m multiple product groups. Such teams contain spe-cialists to focus on detail and gene-ralists to oversee the whole opera-tion. A total knowledge loop assu-ring you a total solution.
State-of-the-art facilities
The institute is annually funded by the Dutch government for basic research, and recentiy received an additional Euro 45 million invest-ment to overhaul the existing faci-lities and add new ones. I n addi-tion to the basins, simulators (see table), numerical simulation tools, the in-house facilities include model-making and production tooling using numerically control-led machines, development labs with electronics, mechanical and software engineers, f u l l scale measuring and monitoring equip-ment, and o f course, our highly-skilled hydrodynamic experts.
Facility
Characteristics
(all values in model scale)
Main applications
Characteristics
(all values in model scale)
DTT ( m o d e r n i z e d ) Depressurized T o w i n g Tanl< 240 m X 18 m X 8 m carriage speed 4.25 m/s a m b i e n t pressure 25 m b a r Resistance a n d p r o p u l s i o n tests, p r o p e l l e r a n d a p p e n d a g e c a v i t a t i o n observations, hull pressure m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d noise m e a s u r e m e n t s . DT Deep W a t e r T o w i n g Tanl< 252 m X 10.5 m X 5.5 m carriage speed 9.0 m/s p l a n a r m o t i o n oscillator Resistance, p r o p u l s i o n a n d o p e n w a t e r tests, f l o w obser-vations, w a k e measurements P M M tests. CT C a v i t a t i o n Tunnel test section 0.9m x 0.9m w a t e r s p e e d 10 m/s C a v i t a t i o n observations o n p r o -pulsors, a p p e n d a g e s and foils.
BT Siiallow W a t e r Basin 216 m X 15.75 m x 1.25 m variable w a t e r d e p t h carriage speed 3 m/s w a v e g e n e r a t i o n irregular a n d regular waves in t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l d i r e c t i o n
Shallow w a t e r resistance and p r o p u l s i o n , free sailing and cap-tive m a n e u v e r i n g tests, crab-b i n g p e r f o r m a n c e , crab-broaching, Seakeeping tests, beaching tests, o f f s h o r e t o w i n g tests, d r e d g i n g e q u i p m e n t tests.
HT
High Speed Basin
220 m x 4 m X 4 m T o w i n g carriage speed 30 m/s W a v e g e n e r a t i o n o f regular a n d irregular waves in t h e l o n -g i t u d i n a l d i r e c t i o n Resistance, p r o p u l s i o n a n d S e a k e e p i n g tests f o r h i g h speed vessels.
New facilities
SMB Seaiceeping a n d M a n e u v e r i n g Basin 170 m x 40 m X 5.5 m carriage speed 6 m/s transverse subcarriage M u l t i d i r e c t i o n a l irregular a n d regular w a v e g e n e r a t o r s R o t a t i n g a r m capability W i n d g e n e r a t o r bank S e a k e e p i n g , d y n a m i c t r a c k i n g a n d m a n e u v e r i n g tests w i t h captive a n d f r e e r u n n i n g models in r e g u l a r a n d irregular waves f r o m a r b i t r a r y directions w.r.t. t h e m o d e l t r a j e c t o r y M e a s u r e m e n t s o f m o t i o n s , g l o b a l a n d local loads, a d d e d resisistance. OB Offslnore Basin 45 m X 35 m X 10.5 m variable w a t e r d e p t h 0-10.5 m deep p i t 30 m, 5 m d i a m e t e r adjustable c u r r e n t over f u l l d e p t h o f 10.5 m (0.3 m/s) carriage a n d transverse subcar-riage M u l t i d i r e c t i o n a l irregular a n d regular w a v e g e n e r a t o r s R o t a t i n g a r m capability W i n d g e n e r a t o r b a n k O f f s h o r e m o o r i n g , o f f l o a d i n g a n d DP tests in d e e p a n d s h a l l o w water, concept, i n -s t a l l a t i o n a n d d r e d g i n g te-st-s, m e a s u r e m e n t s o f m o t i o n s , f o r -ces in s h a l l o w o r d e e p w a t e r Free sailing a n d captive s e a k e e p i n g a n d m a n e u v e r i n g tests in w a v e c u r r e n t c o m b i -n a t i o -n s a -n d o -n s h a l l o w water.Simulators
Full Mission Bridge simulators 1 Primary m a n e u v e r i n g simula-t o r ( d i a m e simula-t e r p r o j e c simula-t i o n screen 20 m)
1 secondary m a n e u v e r i n g simu-lator (diameter screen 13 m) 4 t e r t i a r y simulators. E n v i r o n m e n t represented as birds eye view. Functionality o f all simulators is t h e same.
T r a i n i n g in s h i p / t u g h a n d l i n g , b r i d g e resource m a n a g e m e n t t r a i n i n g , p i l o t t r a i n i n g , deve-l o p m e n t o f n a v i g a t i o n a deve-l aids, e v a l u a t i o n o f h a r b o u r e n t r a n -ces, d e v e l o p m e n t o f criteria f o r m a n e u v e r i n g , etc.
Vessel Traffic System s i m u l a t o r (VTS) i n c l u d i n g Vessel Traffic M a n a g e m e n t I n f o r m a t i o n system (VTMIS) f e a t u r e s .
One m a i n c o n t r o l p o s i t i o n . Three ship o p e r a t o r positions a n d t h r e e t r a i n i n g positions. This s i m u l a t o r is recently u p g r a d e d a n d complies t o t h e present day standards.
T r a i n i n g o f VTS, VTMIS ope-rators. Each o p e r a t o r can be t r a i n e d in an i n d e p e n d e n t e n v i r o n m e n t scenario.
Maneuvering
product group
f I ^he safe operation of vessels imposes a heavy demand on the capabiUties of the vessel in the field of steering, course keeping, maneuvering and controllabiUty. These capabilities depend on the inherent ship characteristics, the performance and skill level o f the crew, and on the full cycle o f information, decision-making, and control aspects of a tech-nical system with a man-in-the-loop. The disturbing impact that winds, waves, and currents have on controlla-bility, and constraints imposed by a traffic-sea routes-harbour environment have on the maneuvering is quantified in a comprehensive way.
Depending on the vessel's mission, operational profiles are determined, that set forth the required maneuvera-bility and controUamaneuvera-bility. Based on this, consultancy, simulations, scale model tests and/or full-scale measure-ments are carried out. A healthy syner-gy exists between commercial pro-jects, applied research (often in the form of Joint Industries Projects), and fundamental research. By allowing all
1 \
projects to be carried out within a single group, this synergy is main-tained.
Project Approach
Often projects focus on design verifi-cation. For example, compliance with maneuvering criteria as recommended by IMO resolutions and US Coast guard rules. But, those standards alone are not sufficient to evaluate the
verification to determining mathema-tical models for vessels i n wind, waves and current, which can then be used for simulation based design.
Facilities and Tools
Maneuvering research started veiy early at MARIN, and resulted in many ground-breaking developments. For example, the world's first full mission maneuvering simulator. MARIN's
tes-complete spectrum of controllability that ships need to satisfy. Determining the safe working envelope for harbour maneuvering and controUability in waves are an equally important issue. Depending on the ship's mission, the required controUabihty is quantified, investigated and improved. Both model tests and simulations using mathematical models are used for this.
Products and Services
Typical products cover all subjects related to maneuvering capabilities. They range from straightforward free sailing scale model tests for design
ting basins, combined with extensive simulation capabihty, offers a unique center o f excellence. Our clients find operational, numerical and hydrody-namic aspects, all i n one company The new Seakeeping and Maneuvering Basin is one of our key facilities. It allows for: free sailing scale models testing (with or without environmen-tal influences), captive tests under rotating arm, and PMM for determi-ning mathematical models for simula-tion-based design. Other MARIN basins are also used, allowing for horizontal and vertical PMM tests, free saihng tests in deep and shallow water, and harbour maneuvering tests.
Tools for simulation in earlj' design -prior to testing - and for simulation-based design are used. MARIN's com-bination o f facilities, tools and a vast amount o f knowledge and experience provide the best service.
Projects
Clients range from shipyards, navies, ship owners and governments to the offshore industry. Many projects in the fields o f cruise ships and ferries are carried out. There is a heavy demand on manetivering both at ultimate design speed and in harbours. All significant ships are tested at MARIN. Escort tugs have very dedicated tasks, and maneuverabihty, combined with pulling performance, is essential for carrying them out. Escort tests are specially designed to quantify tug behaviour and performance.
Mathematical models for simulations and simulation-based design have been developed for various ship types. These include submarines and surface naval ships, VLCC's, inland ships, and
push-barge combinations. Chents include operators and governments who use these models for training or for determining admittance policy. Yaw stability o f towed transport is tes-ted and analyzed for the offshore industry.
Applied research is often carried out jointly with the maritime industry. One example is the prediction o f
maneuverability in early design stages. The cross-flow drag theory is elabora-ted for this purpose. This enhances the ability to predict maneuvering in the early design stage. FuU-scale maneuvering trials and model tests are used for this purpose.
Fundamental research focuses on a close harmony with applied research and questions that arise from contract research. Furthermore, expected fruit-ful developments are explored. Amongst others, we carry out segmen-ted model tests to further investigate the contributions to maneuvering behavior o f various aspects o f the hull. CFD is an ongoing process to describe mathematically the forces on ships.
product group
I
ncreasing use is being made o f advanced computer programs in the design and engineering phases of vessels and offshore structures. These help predict such factors as resistance, wave-induced motion, anchoring loads, maneuvering, posi-tion keeping, seakeeping capabihties, and noise and vibration behavior. At the same time, shipyards, ship owners and the offshore industry are expe-riencing a growing need to monitor the full-scale performance o f ships, offshore structures and other floating objects.One basic question that the Trials & Monitoring Product Group seeks to answer is, "How does real life performance compare with design
calculations and predictions?" Thus, while 70% o f its activities is involved with determining opera-tional performance, 30% is devoted to checking and validating computa-tion methods.
Project Approach
The Trials & Monitoring Product Group carries out measurement cam-paigns at sea on board ships and o f f shore platforms. It is usually done on behalf of shipyards, owners or opera-ting companies. A fair share o f the work is done in the form of Joint Industry Projects (JIP's). In such projects a number o f clients with a common interest in the same subject, share costs and benefit from the in-formation obtained.
Products & Services
• Sea trials o f shaft power, speed, maneuvering characterisfics, noise and vibration;
• Performance Monitoring o f seakee-ping, acceleration, wind-, wave- and current-conditions;
• Platform morions and mooring loads;
• Structural monitoring; • Dynamic Positioning trials;
• Tanker escort trials;
• Decision support on board regar-ding performance prediction com-bined with weather forecasts and measurements;
• Special measurements o f propeller-induced pressure fluctuations, cavi-tation observations and flow around the ship.
For long term monitoring campaigns dedicated atitomated measiu'lng sys-tems are assembled and installed on board ships and platforms.
Facilities & Tools
The following facilities and tools are available:
• The COMPASS system. This is a general Sea Trial measurement sys-tem with modular sensor capabili-ties, such as wave radar. The system incorporates a portable computer in which all data is acquired, stored and analyzed. In order to reduce labor costs, some fully automated sensor units are available;
• PMS: Power and Speed Measure-ment System;
• MQK: Marine Quality Kit for motion monitoring;
• CAVOBS: Cavitation Observation System;
• SAFETRANS: On-board decision support system for special trans-port;
• SMS: Structural Monitoring System.
Projects
The projects carried out by the Trials & Monitoring Product Group range from single client ones - such as the contract trial performance o f an indi-vidual ship - to a fully-fledged instru-mentation and monitoring operation o f a complex offshore structure. Examples o f such projects are:
• FPSO INTEGRITY; • SAFETRANS;
• FLOW AROUND SHIPS; • OWASE.
Technology
Transfer
product group
A
M
any countries tliat have pre-viously relied solely on out-siders for their maritime research and know-how are now deve-loping their own facilities to do their research locally In the same way, many companies are "in-sourcing". That is, solving more problems by themselves. MARIN's Technolog)' Transfer Product Group is responsible for services related to these kinds o f issues. This means not only transfer-ring knowledge about hydrodynamics, but also about hardware and software for research in that field. TheTechnology Transfer Product Group, which consists of a small permanent staff, expands when required with in-house and external specialists. It works closely with other MARIN pro-duct groups.
Project Approach
MARIN's Technology Transfer Product Group operates i n direct con-tact and cooperafion with clients. For expensive turnkey projects - namely, setting up complete research facihties - MARIN also works with Thyssen Rheinstahl Technik of Düsseldorf,
Germany. This large multinational is responsible for financing and overall project management. Together, i t is a formidable combination of detailed hydrodynamic knowledge and security in capital investment.
Products & Services
Consultancy
Consultancy is at the heart o f techno-logy transfer. Those services vary according to client and project. They include detailed discussions about the nature of the project, helpfulness with setting up and financing new test
facilities, participation in designing laboratories and making recommen-dations about the equipment and in struments needed, and training future staff. Even more intensive involvement is possible.
Operational Training
Qualified staff are crucial for the suc-cessful day-to-day operations of any hydrodynamic laboratory. MARIN's experts are qualified to train them. Such training programs - normally customized - include: scale model¬ and transducer-production, prepara-tion, testing and evaluaprepara-tion, ship powering, cavitation, seakeeping and offshore testing. They also include project management. Training pro-grams can be held at the premises o f either MARIN or the client.
Courses
Annual postgraduate courses are orga-nized on such subjects as hydrodyna-mics, ship huU design, field propul-sion, offshore mooring design, and dynamic positioning (DP) systems. They are for current professional staff and newcomers to the industry, and offer a sound balance between trans-ferring Icnowledge and hands-on expe-rience. Courses on specific hydrodyna-mic subjects can be created on request.
Special Products
MARIN has developed much special laboratory equipment for its own use. Some of this is now being made availa-ble to our clients. For example, servo-controlled wave height probes for use on high speed carriages, hardware and software for numerical- and scale model-propeller production, and dyna-mometers for measuring resistance and motion o f scale models in waves.
Projects
IHL Surabaya:
The new Indonesian Flydrodynamic Laboratory in Surabaya was the Technology Transfer Product Group's first major project. It has a 235-meter towing tank, cavitation tunnel, offsho-re basin and several workshops. The contributions included feasibility and environmental studies, designing the laborato ty and specifying equipment, project management, special pro-ducts, training programs, and full commissioning.
UTM Malaysia:
Participation with the Hydrodynamic Laboratory o f the Malaysian University of Technology included designing, constructing and commissioning a 120-meter towing tank, designing and purchasing equipment and such spe-cial supplies as a resistance and
move-ment dynamometer, self-propulsion dynamometer for single- and twin-propeller scale models, and a comple-te data acquisition and analysis sys-tem, and software for off-line analysis and evaluation. A training program at MARIN and expert services on site after completion ensured a successful transfer.
MARIN Wageningen:
The Technology Transfer Group has been involved in the realization of MARIN's new Seakeeping and Maneuvering Basin. The activities comprise design, purchasing, con-struction and commissioning o f the basins, the buildings on top o f them, and all the necessaty equipment in close cooperation with contractors and suppliers.
mm
Seakeeping
product group
S
eakeeping analysis aims at understanding and quantifying the behavior and performance of ships and mobile structures in wind and waves.Up until fairly recently, most basic R&D was concerned with mono-hulls, and a first generation o f numerical tools were developed. These are useful in predicting behavior in moderate wave conditions. Work is progressing on hydromechanic details such as motion control via stabiUzing systems and the particular characteristics o f multi-hulls.
w i t h the maturing oflinear theoiy, research has diversified. Tools are being developed to predict the
behavi-or and stabilitj' o f intact and damaged ships, to predict first- and higher order-structural load components and local loads due to slamming and green water.
Contract research is related mostiy to verifying the behavior, performance and safety o f a particular ship or struc-ture. That means hydromechanic characteristics have to be combined with a detailed description o f the ser-vice conditions that are likely to be encountered, mission related criteria for the ship's operation, and an opera-tion scenario.
Resources
The Seaiceeping Product Group cooperates with various universities in
a coherent sequence of fundamental research, performance and risk verifi-cation in contract research, and prac-tical rule and tool development i n JIP's. The most important resource behind our services is the expertise obtained from routinely using nume-rical models in combination with scale model tests for a large variety o f ships and structures.
Project Approach
Contract research related to design verification is usually performed i n three stages. First, the flexibility and efficiency of numerical models are exploited to obtain an early impres-sion and, i f necessary, check design alternatives. Second, scale model tests are used to quanfify aspects that are not accessible through calculations, and to check calculated results. Third, the combined results of calculations and scale model tests are translated into terms o f operability, safety and risk.
Products & Services
The Seakeeping Product Group provi-des accurate engineering data and a reliable and independent quantifica-tion o f the expected performance, safety and risk. Experience and insight derived from a large volume o f actual work done in the field is an excellent basis for developing Joint Industiy Projects (JIP's).
Facilities & Tools
Our most important seaiceeping facili-ty is the existing Seaiceeping Basin,
which will be replaced in the course of iggg by the new Seakeeping and Maneuvering Basin. Combining a unique capacity to carry out arbitrary maneuvers in waves from arbitrary directions with advanced instrumenta-tion, the basin will be an efficient plat-form for complete design verification and an important source of seakee-ping e.xpertise. In special cases the High Speed Basin and Shallow Water Basin are available for tests in waves. The Offshore Basin facilitates tests in waves in shallow water from arbitrary directions and tests in very steep waves in an opposing current. The strip theory package, SHIPMO, and diffraction packages, DIFFRAC and PRECAL, exploit the computa-tional efficiency and conceptual advantages oflinear seakeeping theo-iy. The post-processor package, WASCO, combines hydrodynamic
characteristics with operational crite-ria and a climate description to derive estimates o f performance and risk. The non-linear package, FREDYN, is available for predicting the behavior o f intact or damaged ships under speci-fic environmental conditions.
Projects
We have been involved in quantifying ship behavior in waves for more than 40 years. Our seakeeping experience with the offshore industiy goes back nearly 30 years. Our experience com-prises conventional ro-ro passenger ferries and cruise ships, tankers, conventional and open-top container ships; tug-barge systems, semi-submersible drilling-, crane- and off-shore support-vessels; conventional research- and diving support-vessels, tugs and supply vessels. Tests with highspeed craft consist of several f r i -gate and patrol boat test programs
and fast conventional and wave-pier-cing catamarans. Typical "Dutch" areas o f expertise are related to the behavior in waves of special transports by means o f barges, heavy load- and dock-ships and the comfort and safety of large luxuiy motor yachts.
The MARIN Cooperative Research Ships is an important platform for R&D. A model for predicting the behavior of intact and damaged ships in extreme conditions was developed within Cooperative Research Navies. The characteristics and loading o f Surface Effect Ships were the subject of the European Brite-Euram project. Currently, MARIN is involved in work concerning the safety o f damaged ro-ro vessels (SAFEREURORO), ro- hydro-elastic loading o f bow sections [DEXTREMEL) and bow door loading (SEAWORTH).
A major ongoing effort to develop a tool for risk analysis for ocean trans-ports is the subject o f SAFETRANS JIR
Offshore
product group
f I ^he innovative ofFsliore sector lias been one o f the hot spots on the maritime R&D map over the last few decades. New ideas and technology are taken seriously as solutions for old challenges - and new ones that weren't even being dreamed
towing o f structures, riser behavior, dredging equipment in waves, floating civil works, wave run up problems at fi.xed structures, launching, human comfort, downtime analysis and impact loading (slamming and green-water). We have generalists who
sup-about a few years ago. MARIN's Offshore Product Group has been an important partner in developments from the beginning. With its expertise in the field o f offshore hydrodynamics it assists the industry in the design and operations of safe and economical offshore structures.
Along the way, our consultants have acquired experience across the com-plete range o f offshore activities: mooring systems. Dynamic Positioning, complex installations,
port solving larger order problems -for example, the integration o f hydro-dynamic aspects in the total scope o f the project. And we have specialists who support solving hydrodynamic minutiae. Both groups are involved in industrial projects and basic research, and receive regular training to keep abreast o f latest developments.
Project Approach
Careful hydrodynamic analysis of an offshore structure is of vital importan-ce to the feasibihty, safety and
econo-mics o f a project. The integration of these kinds of aspects can make an offshore system work or not. Therefore, a lot o f chents involve MARIN in the early phases o f a project so the hydrodynamic challenges can be identified early, and advice given on the concept. Desk studies with MARIN's computational tools and tests o f the initial design can support project teams in this conceptual stage. Further downline computational simulations and scale model tests of the final design provide the required loads and motions input for the design and final health and safety reviews. Frequently, we also evaluate operation or installation downtime, which is based on the field environ-ment.
Directly assisting the whole project with hydrodynamic expertise was one of our main reasons for opening a new office in Houston, the offshore capital o f the world.
Products & Services
The wide range of offshore activities must be refiected in an equally wide range of services. MARIN's Offshore
Product Group covers the territory: from detailed statistical analysis to summary videos o f tests, and realistic downtime figures.
Thanks to its efficient IT infrastructu-re, MARIN is now able to quickly communicate results, electronically and around the world.
Facilities & Tools
Excitement is presently focused on the new Offshore Basin,ready in 2000, which reflects the industty's move into deeper waters beyond the confinental shelf It will feature realistic modeling of wind, waves and current in water
depths of 10.5 m. Its new current sys-tem - with stable adjustable verfical current profiles over this water depth, and an additional deep pit (30 m total) for ultra deep water modeling - are unique in the world.
A wide range of computer simulation tools is available in the offshore field. The DYNFLOAT package provides coupled mooring analysis for floating structures and their riser/mooring systems. With the TERMSIM program jetty, single point- and multi
buoy-moorings can be analyzed efficientiy DPSIM and DPSEMI are MARIN's tools for evaluating Dynamic Positioning. Finally, LIFSIM, which
can predict the motions of more coupled structures, provides complete support of lifting and installation projects.
Projects
The chent list of the Offshore Group is as broad as its activities. It includes oil companies, engineering compa-nies, shipyards, transportation and installation companies. MARIN works as an independent partner for all of them.
Joint Industry Projects
Joint Industiy Projects (JIP's) are an important way to stimulate progress
in the offshore industry. The Offshore Product Group has initiated a large number o f them over the years. Early examples are the pioneering JIP's focussing on fundamental issues such as wave drift loads and wave drift damping. In recent JIP's the mooring analysis tool TERMSIM II and DYNFLOAT have been developed, both being breakthroughs in the complex mooring problem. Also a JIP was carried out on the problem of green water on F(P)SO's, giving guidance to designers and users o f this type o f offshore structures.
Propulsion
—^
SBBBBB
Systems
^11 M i
t I ^he Propulsion Systems Product Group's expertise is based on more than 65 years of experien-ce with propellers - conventional and unconventional - in the laboratory, in the field and, increasingly in the com-puter. I t has tested and analyzed more than 6,000 propellers for use in mer-chant, naval, cruise, ferty, and specia-list oceanographic vessels. Many of these propellers were designed by MARIN. Thus, when analyzing or designing new ones - for example, contrarotating or podded propellers -it is always drawing on a vast reservoir of information.
Propulsor R&D is one of MARIN's core competencies. The Propulsion
Systems Product Group initiates and conducts joint research projects for groups of chents, such as industrial consortia and navies. Many of these projects deal with novel propulsion concepts such as podded propellers, waterjets or cycloidal/propellers. But the Group also offers services to indi-vidual companies, including the design of propellers for optimal effi-ciency and minimal vibrations, noise and cavitation erosion.
Much attention is given to the deve-lopment of technology to design pro-peUers for service conditions, instead o f for an idealized trial condition. The effect of seakeeping and maneuvering aspects on propeller performance are incorporated through the use o f advanced computational tools. Significant efforts are further focussed on cavitation phenomena and their consequences: vibrations, radiated noise and erosion.
A dedicated experimental environ-ment continues to be crucial for cre-ating accurately scaled cavitation con-ditions, which are to be converted to predictions for full-scale performance. Real world feedback is continuously aimed at and dedicated projects are conducted in cooperation with the Trials an Monitoring Group for full-scale propeller observations and vibra-tion measurements. Progress is fur-ther made in the area of erosion. Traditionally a qualitative discipline, it is acquiring a more quantitative nature through the use of better
observation techniques, such as high speed video. Noticeable developments are going on in numerical models. RANS solvers for propulsor analysis are being used at the research level, and it is anticipated that these, in combination with robust panel pro-grams, will soon be used i n propulsor design.
Project Approach
Because o f the extensive tools for pro-pulsor analysis and design, which have already been validated, industrial service often starts with a computa-tional analysis of the problem. This sometimes satisfactorily answers the questions raised. But, since many pro-pulsor properties are still difficult to compute, scale model tests are often required to ensure accuracy and relia-bility. Included in this category of pro-perties are: pressure fluctuations, cavi-tation extent (especially bubble, cloud
and vortex cavitation), and tlie effects of the interaction between propulsor and hull. Furthermore, the growing number o f new propulsor concepts demands further validation of existing computational tools or, sometimes, the development o f entirely new pro-grams.
Products & Services
Products and services range from practical advice sent by E-mail or fax up to complete design methodologies, including software that has been extensively vahdated through model and full-scale testing. In addition to weU-documented reports, visualiza-tion of cavitavisualiza-tion is currendy getting prominent attention.
Facilities & Tools
Cavitation has major effects on noise, vibration, and propeller erosion. The Depressurized Towing Tank is a uni-que facility, which was designed to accurately model the real environ-ments and flow conditions that pro-peUers operate in. It has an adjustable ambient pressure ranging from nor-mal atmospheric conditions down to 2.5% of that. Used i n propulsion cavi-tation studies, it plays a strategic role
in making reliable predictions of full-scale performance.
Cavitation studies combined with hull response investigations are indispen-sable for making predictions about hull vibrations.
A large Cavitation Tunnel is available for research studies. Apart from pro-peller tests, this laboratory has been succesfully used for cycloidal propel-lers and waterjets.
MARIN's Deep Water Towing Tank is used by the product group when cavi-tation is not a relevant issue. Computational tools range from para-metric programs incorporating syste-matic series, such as the Wageningen B-series and the Wageningen Ka-series ducted propellers, up to the
latest panel and RANS programs for detailed flow analyses.
Projects
• Joint Navy Projects: US, Canada, Australia and The Netherlands;
• Propeller design for service condi-tions;
• AFDEASR: Design methodology for postponed sheet cavitation on pro-peller;
• TIPVOR: Design methodology for postponed tip vortex cavitation;
• Joint Industry Projects: Thruster performance. Vibration studies, Cycloidal propellers and Whail Tail Wheel, Waterjet-huU interaction; • Cooperative Research Ships:
Vibrations and stopping perfor-mance studies.
mm
Resistance &
Propulsion
product group
f I '^he Resistance & Propulsion product group pursues as main objective to provide assistance to owners, shipyards and govern-ments in order to improve the quality of their vessels regarding all hull
resi-stance and propulsion aspects. Our services are based on experience with nearly 8,000 ships.
The group plays a leading role in this field worldwide and is involved in a vast amount of significant ships each year. The hands-on experience inclu-des a wide range o f ship types, and propulsion units, conventional and innovative. The ship types include naval vessels, medium and high speed ferries, cruise vessel, motoryachts, LNG carriers, dredgers, container vessels, chemical carriers, tankers and bulk carriers. Ships not only powered by conventional propulsion, but also by podded propulsion, azimuthing thrusters, pumpjets, waterjet populsion and other inno-vative propulsor types.
In order to be able to guarantee this service in the long term, developments in the shipping world are closely fol-lowed. We work closely together with other product groups and especially with our R&D department to maintain a high level o f knowledge. An impor-tant asset is knowledge about the cor-relation between model predictions and fttll-scale results, which is cross referenced often.
Research on the fiow around the hull in the past has provided a number of widely known tools for flow predic-tion. The use o f these tools might lead to an appreciable gain in quality of the design achievable within the timeframe available, e.g. giving an early indication of undesirable wave-making, flow separation or vortex for-mation. Other research aims at collec-ting understanding about the quality of flow around the hull, and detailed propulsive aspects.
Services
The Resistance & Propulsion pro-ducts group's activities cover a wide range of areas: hull hues develop-ment, design of appendages, resistan-ce, propulsive performanresistan-ce, perfor-mance regarding cavitation and hull pressures.
Services provided in this respect are:
• Advice and assistance in the design of ship hull forms, appendages and propulsors;
• Testing of ship and propulsor models for resistance, propulsive
performance, cavitation and huh pressures, and testing o f appenda-ges;
9 Computational predictions o f resi-stance and propulsive performance for a wide range of ship types; • Computation o f f l o w around ship
hulls, both non viscous and vis-cous;
• Troubleshooting; • Analysis of trial results.
S e i T i c e s also include multi-client sponsored research and development as well as fundamental research, apart from commercial services.
Project approach
Often, projects begin with the request for advice based on our databases -about a vessel's performance. The advice is often used by the client in the contract phase of a project. Using CFD simulations, we advise about the development o f the hull lines. After two to four o f these simulations and interactive discussions with the yards, scale model tests - using stock pro-pellers - are carried out on the chosen hull forms.
The final stage in a number of projects is the program, in which propellers and appendages are designed and tes-ted on propulsion and cavitation aspects. Our "after model test service" consists o f trial analysis and trouble shooting.
Programs and schedules can be adap-ted quickly to changing insights achie-ved during a project. Our main objecti-ve is to use our advice, knowledge and testing in order to come to the best solutions for the clients problems.
Research
DAWSON, RAPID and PARNASSOS are well known programs for predic-ting flow around the hull. RAPID cal-culations now are a standard compo-nent o f the majority of ship design projects. A several hundred calcula-tions are carried out each year. PARNASSOS is an efficient, state-of the-art RANS solver for predicting the flow over a ship after body It includes streamline patterns, pressure distribu-tions, and separation phenomena. Present research in this field primarily concerns viscous flow calculation methods, and aims at making these as widely and routinely applied as poten-tial flow calculations. Extensions envi-saged are a multi-block capability and free-surface treatment. The develop-ments are made in close communica-tion with those involved in practical applications.
Most other research within the group is closely related to issues and deve-lopments within the industiy. Research on resistance and propul-sion aspects aims at furthering pre-sent knowledge closely related to the developments in the market. This kind o f research is often characterized by a mixture o f fundamental studies, CFD calculations, experimental techniques, and experimental validations.
Examples are: • Bulbous bow design; • Transom stern flows;
• Podded propulsion; • Sea-river and inland vessel; • New concepts or vessels with
extreme main parameters; • New testing techniques for
appen-dage design for high speed ferries and podded propulsion.
Facilities and tools
Facilities available for computational and scale model testing services are:
• Semi-empirical codes for predicting performance of various types o f ves-sels;
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) programs for non-viscous and viscous flow;
• Lifting surface programs and rela-ted software for propeller design and analysis;
• Deep Water Towing Tank, for resis-tance, fiow, propulsion and wake measurements in deep water; • Shallow Water Towing Tank, for
resistance, flow, propulsion and wake measurements in shallow water;
• High Speed Towing Tank for resis-tance and propulsion tests at high speed;
• Depressurized Towing Tank for cavitation observations, and
incep-tion and pressure pulse measure-ments under depressurized condi-tions.
Track record
Over the years a vast amount of expe-rience has been gathered that covers most ship types. By canying out about 150 projects each year, the experience is continually being developed. As an indication o f our experience we mention the following topics which are in our track record:
• Both naval and merchant vessels, such as patrol boats, frigates, cruise vessels, ferries, high speed ferries, dredgers, motoryachts, LNG car-riers, container vessels, chemical carriers, tankers and bulk carriers. A large number o f the world's highest profile ships were, and continue to be, tested at MARIN; • Conventional propulsion. Podded
propulsion, Azimuthing thrusters, Pumpjets, Waterjet propulsion, and innovative propulsor types; • A leading role worldwide in
inte-grating potential flow calculations into ship design;
• Participation in several European cooperative projects, such as CALYPSO, LIUTO, and SeaSprite; • Multi-client sponsored projects:
INBISHIR Zeerivierschip, CRS -podded propulsion.
Maritime
Technology
—nnXB
Development
-'AM
^ I >he Maritime Teclinology Development Product Group, consisting o f approximately 60 professionals, supports the activi-ties of MARIN's other product groups. It also manages and develops compu-tational models, numerical solution techniques and integrated software packages for design, engineering and training, as well as the development o f measurement and control systems and instrumentation. These programs are used by MARIN, and some of them are also directly available to the maritime industry via sale and hcensing arrange-ments. Assisted by consultants and engineers o f Origin, a thorough modernization and improvement o f
MARIN's development and enginee-ring process and ICT architecture. From iggS onwards development pro-jects have been conducted in accor-dance with Capability' Maturity Model level 2 standards (CMM).
Products
The Maritime Technolog)'
Development Product Group's pro-ducts consist o f commercial, off-the-shelf tools and customized software that can be integrated into existing IT infrastructures. The tools can be used for analysis, prediction, modeling and simulation in all project phases, that is, in conceptual design, engineering and training. The applications cover
the following domains: • Ship resistance, powering,
maneuvering and seakeeping; » Ship propellers and other
propul-sion systems;
• Dynamic behavior of advanced vessels, such as catamarans, SES and hydrofoils;
• Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading systems(FPSO);
• Dynamic positioning and behavior and installation of offshore con-structions;
• Tools for knowledge engineering; • Simulators used for training and
research;
• Measurement and control techno-logy.
Nautical simulators have also been developed and are commercially avai-lable for training purposes.
They include: • Radar simulator;
• A f u l l mission bridge simulator with a 360 degree outside view;
• A Vessel TrafiFic Simulator (VTS).
Leading Edge Research
and Developments
Naturally, R&D plays a leading role in all our activities. Hot topics o f ongoing concern in the Maritime Technology Development Product Group include:
Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) • Numerical techniques are used to compute flow fields around mariti-me constructions. For example, the wave pattern around a sailing ship.
the diffracted wave field around a tanker moored in waves or the viscous flow field near a ship's stern;
• Multi-body simulation; Research is applied to modeling such hydrome-chanical interaction phenomena as shielding and special computation techniques (for example, parallel processing).
High-end image generation and simu-lation:
• Special image-generator computers with dedicated graphics hardware and software are used to obtain a realistic environment in a research and training simulator;
• State of the art measurement and control: much attention is being paid to integrating high-end hydro-mechanical models in real-time control loops during experiments. Further, high-frequency data acqui-sition systems and control systems using industrial standards are being developed.
Training and support:
Existing software is leased to industry according to license agreements that incorporate introduction, training, user support and upgrades. The
sup-J I P - D Y N F L O A T - R I S E R S
port desk is responsible for first-line support and training. Product managers for each software package are responsible for in-depth advice and support.
Sales and licenses:
Existing software is leased according to hcense agreements. Depending on types o f use, packages can be pur-chased or leased annually Pricing information and documentation sheets are available through the sup-port desk. The documentation sheets
- indicate possible inte-gration with third party software, for example, CAD/CAM packages. For major software packa-ges there are user groups that annually exchange experiences. In these meetings new ideas and wishes are aired and, quite often, follow-up or new projects are initiated.
MARIN
'S
Nautical
—QBZBI
Centre MSCN
B
ecause of the increasing num-ber and complexity o f on-board and on-land tasks i n the mari-time world, more demands are being made on the versatility, skill and know-how o f bridge crews, pilots and VTS operators.Training
Competence needs are rising, calling on more - and better - training. MSCN provides a full spectrum of pro-grams, both off-the-shelf and tailor-made. In order to ensure that these training programs meet all require-ments in a radically cost-effective way, they are set up in close partnership with our chents. This may very well result i n their instructors - after being trained at our center - operating our
simulator. Another example of part-nership in which clients are actively involved is the development and con-duct o f assessment tests for particular levels o f competence among crew members.
MARIN has an advanced VTS training program, which was developed in cooperation with the Dutch VTS ope-rators and the Ministry o f Transport and Public Works. The well-establish-ed training program is uswell-establish-ed for the complete range o f basic education, refreshment courses and assesment o f the competence o f VTS operators.
Consultancy
Consultancy provides s e i T i c e s regar-ding the safety and efficiency o f ships
and floating objects. These services cover three main topics:
• Assessing port and channel dimen-sions, including inland waterways and bridges;
• Operational efficiency;
• Safety o f shipping.
Sei-vices range from low budget desk stu-dies to full-mission simulator stustu-dies. In the case of port and channel design, a first estimate o f the required channel dimensions and required aids to navi-gation can be made in a desk study or with a fast-time simulation model. I n a more definite stage, real-time simu-lations can be carried out with future pilots participating, resulting in a detailed safety analysis o f the new infrastructure.
Improving the efficiency of existing infrastructure often implies accom-modating more and bigger ships. Simulation models are available to determine not only environmental hmits, but also the efficiency o f new navigafion aids. This can be an elec-tronic positioning system, VTS, a new type o f tug, or a tug-escorting scheme. The safety and limitations of specific offshore operations can be determi-ned by ship handling, approaching and connecting to floating storage or production units. The unique combi-nation of MARIN's modeling facilities and the nautical simulation centre means this topic can be handled in a single project.
Increasing traffic intensity' in inland waterways, port approaches and traf-fic separation schemes effects the sa-fety o f shipping. Our sasa-fety models compute the impact of navigational measures on a new or adapted infra-structure. Policy makers, port plan-ners and desigplan-ners can make use of them in order to ensure the safety of their shipping scenarios.
All activities - training and consultan-cy - occur in an environment where there is regular contact with pilots and captains on one hand and mathemati-cians and hydrodynamicists on the other hand. This ensures an optimal understanding o f both actual nautical practices and sophisticated
hydrody-Facilities & Tools
MARIN offers a complete range of uni-que nautical simulation programs that provide both partial- and full mission-simulations o f tasks, such as vessel maneuvering, tug handling, offshore instaUations, and VTS operations. All programs, which cover a complete spectrum of possible situations, have been developed in close cooperation with our clients: ports and govern-mental authorities, consulting engi-neers, pilots, shipping companies, and nautical training colleges. The systems are modular and flexible, so extensions and modifications can easily be made.
Projects
Training:
Structured longterm simulator trai-ning projects for:
• All Dutch pilots (over 500);
• UK pilots from Humber River, Firth of Forth, and Milford Haven; • Dutch VTS operators.
Dedicated training projects developed according to client's specifications include:
• Open sea alongside tanker mooring (TOTAL);
• Berthing at jetties (SHELL, BHP, BP, Pertamina);
• Maneuvering close into offshore installations (SHELL, HEERMAC); • Communication training o f
Antwerp (Belgium) VTS operators.
Consultancy:
Examples o f recent studies:
• Port design, by using both fasttime simulation programs and fuU-mis-sion maneuvering simulation (Ennore, Klaipeda, Ashdod / Haifa), Mohammedia, Bontang Tarragona, Barcelona, Bridge over the Surinam River);
• Studies on the safety and efficiency o f Dutch inland waterways (the Waal, Maas, and other rivers);
• Safety of offshore instaUations with regard to shipping (open sea LNG mooring, collision risks of platforms in the North Sea);
• Safety of ship operations (entiy and exit o f a 150 m nuclear sub-marine, evaluation of Escort Towage Services).
mm
Who
to
contact
at
MARIN ?
Maneuvering
Offshore
Seakeeping
Ir, F.H.H.A. Q u a d v l l e g Ir. B. Buchner Ir. R.P. Dallinga
+31 (0)317 49 34 23 o r +31 (0)317 49 33 33 o r +31 (0)317 49 34 51 or
+31 (0)317 49 39 11 +31 (0)317 49 39 11 +31 (0)317 49 39 I I
Maritime Teclinology
Offshore USA
Technology
Development
Dr. Ir. J.E.W. WichersTransfer
Ir A . Dercksen + 1 (0)713 267 22 34 Ir. L . H . Brozius +31 (0)317 49 32 99 o r
Propulsion systems
+31(0)317 4933 28 or
+31 (0)317 49 39 11
Propulsion systems
+31 (0)317493911Mrs. K.B. H e u p e r m a n Dr, Ir. T.J.C. van Terwisga
+31 (0)317 49 34 92 o r +31 (0)317 49 34 81 o r
Trials
+31 (0)317 49 39 11 +31 (0)317 49 39 11
& Monitoring
Ir. H.J.J, van den Boom
MARIN's Nautical
Resistance
+31 (0)317 49 33 53 orCentre MSCN
& Propulsion
+31 (0)317493911Ir. J.H. de Jong Ir A.J. Oving
+31 (0)317 47 99 14 o r +31 (0)317 49 33 62 or +31 (0)317 47 99 11 +31 (0)317 49 39 11
