<PyHKl4UOHQJT,bHO-cmu.neea51, cneZ4UqJUKa
rjJo.nbK.nopH020 meKcma e acneKme
3KCmpa.nUH26UCmU4eCKOU
o6yc.noe.neHHocmu
MAPMHA A. BEHf'PAHom,
rq
(Tonbflmmu)
O61,eKTHBHblH aHaJIH3 JIHHrBOCTHJieBOH cneQHQ)HKH Q)OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa HeB03MO)KeH 6e3 pa3peweHHll Bonpoca o CTHJieBOM CTaTyce ll3b!Ka Q) OJibKJIOpa, KOTOpbIH, npH BCeił pa3pa6oTaHHOCTH JIHHrBOQ)OJibKJIO pHCTJ1l{eCKHX npo6rreM,
.n.o
HaCTOl!I..Qero BpeMeHH OCTaeTCll He COBCeM onpe.n.erreHHhIM. 3To CBll3aHo npe)K,n.e Bcero co cneQHQ)HKOH caMoro 061,eKTa HCCJie.U.OBaHHll - ll3bIKa Q)OJibKJIOpa, KOTOpblH l!BJil!eTCll CJIO)KHblM no reHe3H cy c11cTeMHhIM o6pa3oBaHHeM, «r.n.e ,n.11aneKTw-1ecKH cnnaBneHbI ero o6pa3y lOI..QHe, T.e. H KOHKpeTHbie HapO.U.Hbie rOBOpbl, H .u.11arreKTHblH ll3b!K KaK CHCTeMa BCex COOTBeTCTBYIOllIHX .u.11arreKTHblX l!BJieHHH, H o6IQeHapO.U.HbIH ll3b!K B QeJIOM KaK MeTaCHCTeMa pyCCKOro l!3b!Ka ...»
(OccoBeQKHH1975). K
TOMY )Ke 3Ta CHCTeMa, B CHny aKKYMYJillTHBHoił cnoco6HOCTH, orpa)KaeT cne.U.bi co6CTBeHHbIX CTa.u.11aJibHbIX H3MeHeHHH H 3TanoB KOJIJieKTHBHOH 3CTeTH'łeCKOH llIJIHQ)OBKH. l1MeHHO cnrraB pa3HOPO.U.Hb!X B ll3b!KOBOM OTHOllleHHH 3JieMeHTOB o6ecne'łHBaeT ll3bIKY Q)OJibKJIOpa reTeporeHHYIO np11po.u.y H 3aMKHYTbIH xapaKTep H .u.aeT OCHOB8HHll HCCJie.U.OBaTeJil!M AJill conocTaBneHHll .u.aHHOro ll3bIKOBOro q>eHOMeHa C pa3JIH'łHbIMH nrracTaMH 061..QeHapo.u.Horo ll3hIKa, npe)K.u.e Bcero c .u.11arreKTOM 11 l!3hIKOM xy.u.o )KeCTBeHHoił JIHTepaTypbi.Ha.u.o CKa38Tb, 'łTO 061,eKTHBHall 6a3a y Tex H y .u.pyr11x HCCJie.U.OBaTeneił HMeeTCll, T.K. C .u.11aneKTOM ll3b!K Q)OJibKnopa c6JIH)K8eT HCnOJib30B8HHe
OT}].eJibHbIX cpaKTOB }].HaJieKTHbIX CHCTeM, a C H3b!KOM xy}].O)KeCTBeHHOH JIHTep aTypbl - o6 cJiy)KHBaHHe 3CTeTH'-leCKOH cpyHKU,HH H cpyHKU,HO HHpOBaHHe B 3CTeTHlleCKOH M8Kpoccpepe. ITo3TOMY pa3peweHHe }].8HHOrO Bonpoca -O cpyHKU,HOHaJihHO-CTHJieBOM CTaTyce H3bIKa cpOJibKJIOpa -Ha Halli B3rnH}]., Jie)KHT B pyc11e cpyHKU,HOHaJibHOro IlO}].XO}].a, MeTO}].OJIOrHlleCKOH O C H O B O H K O T O p o r o H B JI H eTCH H 3 y l! e H H e mo6oro B H}].a TeK CTa B }].HaJieKTHlleCKOM e}].HHCTBe }].Byx CTOpOH - TeKCTOBOH H 3KCTpaJIHHrBH CTH'łeCKOH. ,D:aHHhitt no.n:xo.n: npe.n:nonaraeT .n:eTepMHHau,1110 cTpyKTYPhI TeKCTa 3KCTpaJIHHr-BHCTHl!eCKHMH cpaKTopaMH, BbICTynaIOll.l,HMH B Kal!ecrne OCHOB H bIX ( CTHJieo6pa3y 1011.1,11x) }].JIH qJO JihKJIOp HOH pel!H H 3KCilJI H U,Hpy1011.1,11xcH B CTPYKType TeKCTa nocpe]].CTBOM H3bIKOBbIX e}].HHHU, Bcex ypoB Hett. 11 M eHHO no.n: BJIHHHHeM 3KCTp aJIHHrBHCTHlleCKOH OCH OBhl npOHCXO}].HT cpopMHpOBaHHe JIHHrBOCTHJieBOH cneu,HcpHKH cpOJihKJIOpHoro TeKCTa. 3TO IlOJIO)KeHHe 11 o6ycJIOBHJIO u,enh }].aHHOH CTaThH -paCCMOTpeTb JIHHrBOCTHJieByIO xapaKTepHOCTh cpOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa B cpyHK U,HO H aJih H O - CTHJI H C T H ll e C K O M ac n eKTe K8K pe3yJihTaT K O M nJieKCHoro B03}].ettCTBHH 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHlleCKHX cpaKTOpOB, KOTOpbie }].eTepMHHHPYIOT cneu,HcpHKY }].aHHOro BH}].a TeKCTa H HaXO}].HT onocpe]].OBaHHOe OTpa)l(eHHe B ero CTpyKType.
B Kal!ecrne 6a30Bh!X 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHlleCKHX cpaKTOpOB cj)OJihKJIOpHoro TeKCTa Mhl BbI}].eJIHeM cpOJibKJIOpHoe C03HaHHe KaK cneu,11cp11qecKHH cnoco6 xy}].O)KeCTBeHHOro OCBOeHHH )l;ettCTBHTeJibHOCTH, xapaKTep cpOJihKJIOpHOH KOM MYHHKaU,HH H cy6beKTa cpOJihKJIOpHoro rnopqecrna. AHaJIH3 )l;aHHhIX 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHlleCKHX cpaKTOpOB Il03BOJIHT He TOJihKO Bh!HBHTh BJIHHHHe .n:aHHblX cpaKTOpOB Ha JIHHrBOCTHJieByIO xapaKTepHOCTh cj)OJihKJIOpHoro TeKcTa, HO H npH6JIH3HThCH K pa3peweHHIO BOnpoca o cpyHKU,HOHaJibHO -CTHJieBOM CTaTyce H3b!Ka cj)OJihKJIOpa.
1 .
<l>OJibKJIOpHoe C03Hami:eHa CTHJieByIO xapaKTepHOCTh cpOJihKJIOpHOro TeKCTa onpe.n:eJIHIOll.l,ee B JI H H H H e H M eJIO cp O JihKJI O p H O e C 0 3 H a H H e , cneu,11 cp 11 K a K O T O p o r o TpaHccpopMHpOBaJiaCb B cpyHKU,HOHaJibHO-CTHJieBbie oco6eHHOCTH cpOJihKJIO p H o r o TeKCTa . <l>OJib K JIOpHOe C 0 3 H a H H e H e HB JI 51 eTCH B e JIHll H H O H nOCTOHHHOH, HeH3MeHHOH, a TaK )l(e, KaK H cpOJihKJIOp, HMeeT IlOJIHCTa}].Ha JihHbltt xapaKTep, B CHJIY qero Ha pa3JIHl!Hb!X 3Tanax CBOero pa3BHTH51 (oco6eHHO Ha apxaHlleCKOH CTaAHH) o6Hapy)KHBaeT npH3HaKH pa3JIHl!Hb!X
'</Jy1iK1,fU01-l(1Jlb1W-CmUJle6(1fl_ cnel,{UqJUKQ qJOllbKllOp1-l020 . . . MAPl1HA A . BEHrPAH0B114
THITOB MhIWJiemrn: H T0JibKO B nepH0,ll; IT0JIHOro BhI,ll;eJieHHSI qJOJihKJIOpa H3 HepacąrreHeHHOH 1..1errocTHOH ]],peBHecrraBSIHCKOH AYXOBHOH KYJihTyphr B o 6 oco6rreHHhI H (crroB eCHhIH) BH}], HCKYCCTBa npHo6peTaeT B ITOJIHe o npe,ll;eJieHHhie ąepTbI xy,ll;0)l(eCTBeHH0ro MhlllIJieHHSI. O}],HaKO qJOJih K JIOp H bl H c n o c o 6 K O H 1..1 e n T y a JIH 3 H p 0 B a H H SI }], e H C T B HTeJi b H O C T H xapaKTepH3yeTCSI HaJIH'łHeM cne1..1mjm'łeCKHX ąepT, 0TJIH'ł8IOI.llHX ero OT xy}],O)l(eCTBeHHOro C03HaHHSI, HaXO,ll;SlllJ.ero 0Tpa)l(eHHe B ITHChMeHHhIX xy,n:.o)l(eCTBeHHhlX TeKCTax.
EcrrH xy,n:.O)l(eCTBeHH0e C03H8HHe nepeBOCC03,n:.aeT ,n:.eHCTBHTeJihHOCTb B xy}],O)l(eCTBeHHhIX o6pa3aX, HMeIOllJ.HX KaK o6o6meHHO-THITH'łeCKHe ąepTbl, TaK H H H}],HBH}],yarrh H O-HenoBTOpHMOe CBOeo6pa3He, coxpaH SIIOI.llee KOHKpeTHO-'łYBCTBeHHbie ąepTbI npe,ll;MeT0B H SIBJieHHH }],eHCTBHTeJibHOCTH; qJOJihKJIOpHoe (xy}].O)l(eCTBeHHOe no CBOeH npHpO]],e) C031-lQ1-lUe OTpa)l(aeT B TeKCTax H}],eaJibHYIO }],eHCTBHTeJibHOCTb - Tpa,ll;HI..IHIO -- B ycTOH'łHBhIX ycJIOBHO-xy }],O)l(eCTBeHHhIX q>op Max, o6Ha PY)l(HBaIOI.llHX a 6COJIIOTHYIO CJIHTH0CTh q>OpMbl H co,n:.ep)l(aHHSI. B 3TOM CMhICJie qJOJibKJIOpHoe C03HaHHe ]],OpeaJIHCTH'łHO, a «ITOCK0JihKY OHO npO,ll;Oml<aeT TBOp'łeCKH }],eHCTBOBaTb H B ycrroBHSIX, K Or}],a p eaJIH3M y)l(e OTKpbIT KaK MeT0,ll; H CKYCCTB a, - H HepeaJIHCTH'ł:HO» (IlyTHJIOB
1975: 16).
<DopMbl xy}],O)l(eCTBeHHOro Mh!W rreHHSI, HaXO}],SlllJ.He OTpa)l(eHHe B npOH3Be}],eHHSIX npoq>eCCHOHaJibHOro ( H H)J.HBH,n:.yarrb H Or o ) H CKYCCTB a , o 6 y crroBJieHbl npHHI..IHITHaJi h H OH YCTaHOBKOH Ha HOBH3HY (3BpHCTH'łeCKHM xy,ll;O)l(eCTBeHHhIM npHHI..IHITOM) H IT03HaHHeM o6mero 'łepe3 oco6eHHOe, B TO BpeMSI KaK qJOJihKJIOpHoe xy,n:.o)l(eCTBeHHOe Mh!UIJieHHe MOTHBHpOBaHO ycTaHOBKOH Ha coxpaHeHHe Tpa]],HI..111H H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, IT03HaHHeM JIH'łHOfO, OT}],eJibHOro ąepe3 o6mee.B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM }],OMHHHPYIOllJ.HMH np113HaKaMH qJOJibKJIOpHOro C03HaHHSI SIB JISIIOTCSI KOJIJieKTHB Hhle np e]],CTaBJieHHSI H «npe]],eJibHO o6o6meHHhIH B3rJISI}], Ha Belll.H H SIBJieHHSI» (MHJibKOB
1988),
'łTO ,ll;eTep MHHHpyeT e,n:.HHCTBO 11 Bceo6mHOCTh TBOp'łeCKOfO MeTo,n:.a B qJOJibKJIOpe -xy}],O)l(eCTBeHH0-06o6maromero MeTO}],a, B paMKax KOTOporo q>OpMHPYIOTCSI H 6a30Bble CTHJieo6pa3yrom11e ąepTbl qJOJihKJIOpHOro TeKCTa - o6o6meHH OCTb H Tpa}],HI..IHOHHOCTb.3TOT THIT M hI WJieHHSI o6pa30BaJI TaKOH cnoco6 K aTerop113aI..1HH }],eHCTBHTeJihHOCTH, npH KOTOpOM CBSl3h Me)l(}],y KaTeropHSIMH npe]],CTaBJrneT He HepapxHIO c ąeTKHMH rpaHHI..laMH, HO «TKaHb» (A,n:.OHbeBa
2000), 'łTO, B
CBOIO oąepe]],b, o6ycrroBHJIO ceMaHTH'łeCKylO 1..1erroCTHOCTb qJOJihKJIOpHoro3HaKa, KOMnneKcHyIO (a He Hepapx111recKy10 ) cTpyKTYPY 3HaY:eHJilSI <pOJihKJIOpttoro CJI0Ba. <l>OJibKJIOpHoe CJI0B0 (KaK Ji( CJIOBO B JII060H rpa;:i:Jill.J:JilOHHOH KYJihType) - :no CJIOB0-KOMnJieKC Ji(Jlji( «CJilHKpeTa» (KonecoB
1991 ),
K0Topoe cnoco6Ho o6'heAHHSITb peaJIJilJil OKpy)l(a10u..i:ero MHpa no pa3JIJillJHbIM npJil3HaKaM, B C0OTBeTCTBJilJil C Y:eM q>OJibKJIOpHoe CJIOBO SIBJISieTCSI 03HaY:aIOrr.i:JilM AJISI r..i:enoro (CJilHKpeTJillJHOro B CBOeH OCHOBe) MeHTaJibHOro K0MnJieKCa, Ky;:i:a Ha paBHblX npaaax BXOASIT KaK pecpepeHTHOe 3HaY:eHJile, TaK Jil 3HaY:eHJilSI, B03HJilKWJile Ha 0CH0Be He pecpepeHTHbIX CBSI3ett. TaK, B o6pSIJ:J:0BblX TeKCTaxcao -
CJilMBOJI, o603Ha Y:aIOUJ:JilH QeJibIH KOMnJieKC npe;:i:cTaBJieHJilH, CBSI3aHHbIX C JII060Bbl0 Ji( 6paKOM: :no MeCTO BCTpeY:Jil C c y )l(e H hI M , 0 )l( JilJ:J:a HJil e e r o , 6 naro n o n y q Jile Jil H a;:i:e)l(H o C T h ( B npOTJilBOn0JIO)l(HOCTb eMynec
-
TaJilHCTBeHHOCTb, yrpIOMOCTb, rH6JIOCTb), 3TO Jil rpaHJilQa «CB0ero» Jil «tJ:y)l(OI'0», 3TO BJilTaJibHOe MeCT0, MeCTO )l(Jil3HJil -ee 3ap0)l(J:J:eHJilSI, JilCTOY:HHK )l(Jil3HeHHblX CJilJI, nno;:i:opOAJilSI.B
KaJieH;:i:apHOH o6pSIAHOCTJil CJilMBOJIcao
nOSIBJISieTCSI B KOHTeKCTe neceH, JilC0OJIHSIIOilJ:11XCSI B M0MeHT «)l(eHCKHX» o6pSIAOB (HanpHMep, Ha TpOHQy):EU{e 80 cai>e-cai>o'IKe TyT JJ,eam.(hl rymrn11. Kruu1tta MOll, Mamma Mol!!
Bo caJJ,y QBeTOlfKH pBanH; OttJil BHJIH BeHOlfKH, KanHHa Mo.si, ManHHa Mol!! ..
()l(unu-6blJ1u. . .
NQ 135).
CJilHKpeTHlJHOCTb ;:i:aHH0ro CJilMB0Jia np0SIBJISieTCSI a cnoco6HOCTJil COBMerr.i:aTb BCe, MeTacpopHY:eCKJil Jil MeT0HJilMJilY:eCKJil CBSI3aHH0e e;:i:11HOH TeMOH: JII060Bb, ;:i:eayrnKy-HeBeCTY' O)l(JilJ:J:aHJile, cnoco6HOCTb K BOcnpo Jil3B0J:J:CTBY )1(113HJil, TTJI0AOBJilTOCTb.
Cne;:i:CTBJileM 0TMeY:eHHbIX BbIWe 3aKOHOMepHOCTeH cpopMHpOBaHJilSI
Tpa;:i:HQHOHHbIX <pOJibKJIOpHbIX 3HaY:eHJilH SIBJilJIJilCb, Kp0Me ceMaHTJilY:eCKOro CJilHKpeTJil3 M a q>OJibKJIOpHoro C Jil M B0Jia, A11<pcpy3HOCTb ceMaHTJilKl1 q>OJibKJIOpHoro CJI0Ba Ji1 ero HeCTa6JilJibHhIH ceMaHTJilY:eCKJilH o6'heM, a a QeJI0M - WJilpOKaSI napa;:i:JilrMaTJilKa <pOJibKJIOpHoro CJIOBa (XponeHKO
1 991 ),
npOS!BJISIIOilJ:aSICSI a A0MJilHJilp0BaHHJil o6o6rr.i:eHHOro (KaHOHJilY:eCKOro) CMblCJia Ha;:i: ;:i:eH0TaT11 BHbIM, lJTO ;:i:enaeT B03MO)l(Hbl M He TOJibKO'<l>y1-1KLfUOHOJlbHO-CmUJ1e80Jl cne14urjJuKa qJO/lbKJIOpH020 . . . MAPHHA A . BEHrPAHOBHlJ B3aHM03aMeHy B paMKax eti.HHOro rHnepTeKCTa HJIH B CXOt].HbIX pe'łeBbIX CHHTarMax TeMaTH'łeCKHX c6JIH)l(eHHbIX (H nOTOMY Cl1H OHl1Ml1'łHblX) nOHSITHH, HO H HX COBMeCTHOe ynoTPe6neHHe AJISI o603Ha'łeHHSI Ot].HOrO SIBJieHH SI , 'łTO o6ycJIOBJIHBaeT nOSIBJieHHe He06bI'łHb! X CO'łeTaHHH , anorH'łHb!X C TO'łKH 3peHHSI COBpeMeHHOro JIOrH'łeCKoro MbllllJieHHSI (HanpHMep, KOrti.a JIY'łHHYlllKa onpeti.errSieTCSI Ot].HOBpeMeHHO H KaK 6epe-30805l, H KaK OCUH0805l) :
Jly'lHHa, JlY'HIHYWKa 6epe30BaSI, liepe3oaaSI noep3brnana,
OcuuoaaH nocKpHnbrnana . . .
(KupeeBCKUU
1986: N2274).
C nOMO�blO q>OJibKJIOpHb!X CHMBOJIOB, nocTOSIHHbIX 3nHTeTOB H ti.pyrHX Tpati.HU.HOHHb!X q>OJibKJIOpHbIX q>Op M , XYtJ.O)l(eCTBeHHO CKOHU.eHTpHpO BaBlllHX cou.HoKyJihTYPHbIH onbIT, co3ti.aeTCH oco6h1ił BHA H3o6pa3HTerrb HOCTH -XYtJ.O)l(eCTBeHHO- o6o6�eHHb!H.
TaKHM o6p a30 M , B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOJIJieKTHBHbIM xapaKTepoM npet].CTaBrreHHH cpopMHpyeTCSI COt].ep)l(aTeJibHblH ypoBeHb q>OJibKJIOpttoro TeKCTa (Bb!pa)l(eHHe o6�eCTBeHHbIX B3rJIHt].OB, o6beKTHBaIJ.HH o6�eCTBeHHO 3Ha'łHMbIX 3TH'łeCKHX H 3CTeTH'łeCKHX u.eHHOCTeił}, CBOeo6pa3HblH xapaKTep o6pa3HOCTH (o6o6�eHHOCTb o6pa30B B CO'łeTaHHH C o6o6�eHHeM JIOKaJibHbIX H BpeMeHHb!X npH3HaKOB}, yrnep)l(t].aeTCH et].HHbIH 3CTeTH'łeCKHH KpHTepHił - coorneTCTBHe TPati.HU.HOHttoił KYJibTypttoił ttopMe, KOTOpbIH onpeti.eJISieT cneu.Hq>HKY q>OJibKJIOpttoro TeKCTa. EcrrH q>OJibKJIOpHbIH TeKCT, npolllet].lllHH npet].BapHTeJibHYIO u.eH3ypy KOJIJieKTHBa 11 OTPa3HBlllHH B CBOHX OT06paHHbIX Tpati.HU.HOHHbI X cpeti.CTBa x xyt].O)l(eCTBeHHOe C03Hatt11e KOJIJieKTHB a , COOTBeTCTByeT 3CTeTHlJeCKOMY npHHU.Hny «y3ttaBaHHH» (MaJibU.eB
1 9 8 1 ),
TO nHCbMeHHb!H xy t].O)l(eCTBeHHbIH TeKCT, HOCSII.l{HH OTne'łaTOK aBTOpCKOro, JIH'łHOCTHOro BocnpHHTHSI MHpa, COOTBeTCTByeT 3CTeTH'łeCKOMY npHHU.Hny «n03HaBaHHSI».2. Cnel..(mp11Ka cporrhKrroptto11 KOMMYHHKal..(1111
BTOpbIM, He Mettee cy�eCTBeHHb!M 3KCTPaJIHHrBHCTH'łeCKHM cpaKTOpOM, onpet1.em110�HM JIHHrBOCTHJieBb!e oco6eHHOCTH q>OJlbKJIOpttoro TeKCTa, Heo6XOAHMO npH3HaTb cneu.Hq>HKY q>OJibKJIOpHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH.
B
OTJUł'-!He OT XYJI.O)l(eCTBeHHOro q>OJibKJIOpHbIH KOMMYHHKaTHBHbIH aKT o6ycnoBJieH «eCTeCTBeHHbIM», «KOHTaKTHbIM» THTTOM KOMMYHHKaQHH, KOTOpaSł OCyl.I..\eCTBJISłeTCSł npH TTOMO�H ecTeCTBeHHbIX cpeJI,CTB (KaHaJIOB HHcpOpMaQHH) - 3By•rn�ero CJIOBa, MHMHKH, )l(eCTa H T.)J,. B ycnOBHSIX )l(HBOro ( H e n o c p eJI,CTB e H H O r o ) K O H T a K T a H C TT O JI H H T e JI Sł H c n y rn a T e JI Sł . CooTBeTCTBeHHO, )J,Jllł Hee xapaKTepHbl HanpaBneHHOCTb HHcpOpMaQHH BTTOJIHe onpe)J,eJieHHOH 11 peaJibHOi1 ay)J,HTOpHH 11 BocnpHSITHe '-Iepe3 nepBH '-IHYIO 3HaKOBYIO CHCTeMy (ycTHYIO pe'-Ib)- B eCTeCTBeHHOM CHHKpeTH3Me CJIOBa H BHeTeKCTOBbIX 3JieMeHTOB, KOTOpbie He npOCTO conyTCTBYIOT TeKCTY, a CJiy)l(aT AOTTOJIHHTeJibHbIM 3CTeTH'-leCKHM cpaKTOpOM opraHH3aQHH caMoro TeKCTa, o6ycnoBJIHBaSł ero TTOJIH3JieMeHTHYIO (KpeOJIH30BaHHYIO) npHpOAY ,O)],HaKO cneJI,yeT HMeTb B BHAY' '-ITO XYJI.O)l(eCTBeHHb!H CHHKpeTH3M q>OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa HMeeT )l(aHpOBO o6ycnOBJieHHb!e OTJIH'-IHSI. Ka)l(JI.b!H )l(aHp q>OJibKJIOpa o6Hapy)l(HBaeT KOHKp eTHbIH B HA H THn B3aHMO npOHHKHOBemrn KOMTTOHeHTOB. TaK, nOJIH3JieMeHTHalł npHpO)J,a Bcex (6e3 HCKJIIO'-leHHSł) CTHXOTBOpHb!X q>OJibKJIOpHbIX )l(aHpOB xapaKTepH3yeTCSł CHHKpeTH3MOM CJIOBa H HaneBa, Sł3bIKOBOfO H MY3bIKaJibHOro BOTTJIO�eHHlł, '-ITO C03)J,aeT, no MHeHHIO H.11 .KpaBQOBa, «HOBOe 3CTeTH'-leCKOe Ka'-leCTBO» (KpaBQOB
1972: 105),
KOTopoe, no-HarneMy MHeHHIO, SłBJISłeTCSI TaK)l(e OCHOBHbIM cpaKTOpOM cpopMHpOBaHHSł q>OJibKJIOpHOH o6pa3HOCTH. TipH 3 T O M , r o B O p lł O )J, B O i1 C T B e H H O H M Y 3 bI K aJi b H O -p e '-I e B O H n p H p O)J,e q>OJibKJIOpHoro CTHXa, HCCJie)J,OBaTeJIH OTMe'-lalOT onpe)J,eJISłlO�YlO pOJib MeJIO)J,HH B 3TOM CHHTe3e, TTOJI.'-IHHeHHOCTb CTHXa HaneBy (ApTeMeHKO1977),
'-ITO npOSIBJISłeTCSł, HanpHMep, B cneQHq>H'-leCKH q>OJibKJIOpHOM TeKCTOBOM npHeMe - B TaK Ha3bIBaeMbIX BHYTPHCJIOfOBbIX pacneBax, pa3BOJI,ax (ApTeMeHKO1 977)
HJIH nepepbIBax (J1onaTHH1 976),
xapaKTepHbIX )J,Jllł npOTSł)l(HOH neCHH:y)I( Tb!, CTenb JIH Tbl MOll,
3x! CTenb MOll MOJ,ll.O . . . cTenb MOJ,ll.OKCKal!! 3x! CTenb M03,ll.OKCKal! .
(J1onanrn, flpoKyHuH N2 I 9).
O6p.SłJI.OBblH TeKCT o6naJI,aeT oco 6b!M BH)J,OM CHHKpeTH3Ma - OAHO BpeMeHHOH pa3HOKOJI,OBOCThlO, T.e. TTOBTOpeHHeM OJI,Horo H Toro )l(e o6p.SłAOBOro CMbICJia pa3Hb!MH B03MO)l(Hb!MH cnoco6aMH (H.l1.ToncTOH OTMelJaeT o6H3aTeJibHOe npHCYTCTBHe B CTPYKType 06pS1JI,a CHHOHHMH'-IHbIX CHMBOJIOB - peaJibHOro (npeJI,MeTHOro ), aKQHOHaJibHOro (JI.eHCTBeHHOro) H
'<l>yHKt{UOI-IQJlbl-lO-CmUJle8aR cnet{UqJUKQ qJO!lbKJIOpl-1020 . . . MAPl1HA A . BEHrPAH0B11Y Bep6anbHOro (pe'łeBoro) - ToncTOM,
1995).
TaKl1M o6pa30M, CO'łeTaHJ-Hl pa3Til1'łHbIX 3TieMeHTOB (Bep6anbHbIX l1 HeBep6anbHbIX - Meno,n:11'łeCKOro, Kl1HeTIHeCKOro, M11Ml1'łeCKOro, )KeCTOBOro l1 .n:p.) B CTpyKType Tpa.n:11-�l-iOHHOro cponbKTIOpHoro TeKCTa, co3.z:i:a10w.11x e,n:l1Hbll1 <pOTibKTIOpHbIM o6pa3 l1 Ha OCHOBe 3Toro - HOBOe 3CTeTl1'łeCKOe Ka'!eCTBO TeKCTa, BbHIBTI51IOT KpeonH30BaHHYIO npHpo.n:y Tpa.n:HQHOHHOro cponbKTIOpHoro TeKCTa H TT03BOTI51IOT OTHeCTH ero K pa3HOB11AHOCTI1 KpeonH30BaHHbIX TeKCTOB C nonHOH KpeonH3aQl1eH, B KOTOpbIX Me)K.n:y Bep6anhHbIMH H HeBep6allbHbIMH K O M TT O H eH T a M H y cTaHaBnHB aIOTC51 CHH CeMaTH'łeCKl1e OTHOlll e H H 51 (HeBep6anbHbie K O M TT O H eHTbl , Hap51AY C Bep6anbHbI M H , 51BTI51IOTC51 06n11raTOpHbIMH :meMeHTaMH TeKCTa H yqacTBYIOT B cpopMHpOBaHHl1 ero 3CTeTH'łeCKHX Ka'!eCTB). 3THM o6b51CH51eTC51 H cyw.ecTBOBaHI1e oco6oił, CBOMCTBeHHOH caMHM C03AaTen51M H HOCHTen51M <pOJibKnopa YHHBepcanbHOH cnoco6HOCTI1 BocnpH51TH51 <pOTibKTIOpHoro TeKCTa, KOTOpyro B.E.ryceB onpe.n:en51eT KaK «HeAH<pcpepeHQHpOBaHHbie CHHXpOHHbie cnyxoBbie H 3pHTenbHhie peaK�H11» (ryceB1 978: 84).
B TO )Ke BpeM.s:I 11HcpopMaQ1151 B aKTe xy.n:o)KeCTBeHHOH KOMMYHHKaQHl1 H a npaBneHa Heonpe.n:eneHHOH ay,n:11Top1111 , a npoQecc Bocnp H51TH51 npOHCXOAHT qepe3 BTOpH'łHYIO 3HaKOBYIO CHCTeMy (nHCbMeHHbIH TeKCT), B pe3ynbTaTe qero raC51TC.s:I BCe BHeTeKCTOBbie 3TieMeHTbl).
KoMMYHHKaTHBHhIH npoQecc B qionhKnope xapaKTep113yeTc.s:I Henpe p bIBHOCTbIO, T.e. Cl1HXpOHHOCTblO aKTOB HcnonHeHH51 H BocnpH.s:ITH.s:I cponbKTIOpHoro TeKCTa, '!TO npHBOJJ:HT K yc11neHHIO 3cpcpeKTa conpHCYTCTBH.s:I - napannenbHOCTH H OJJ:HOBpeMeHHOCTH 3MOQHOHanbHbIX nepe)KHBaHHH H C TT O TI HHTen51 H c n y rn aTen.s:I - H c n o c o 6CTByeT ocyI.Qe CTB n e H HIO ABYHanpaBneHHoro (KaK co CTOpOHbl HCTTOTIHHTen51, TaK 11 co CTOpOHbl cnyrnaTen51) B03AeHCTBH51 Ha cponbKTIOpHbIH TeKCT H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, .n:enaeT 11cnonHHTen.s:I (cy6neKTa) H cnyrnaTen.s:I (a.n:pecaTa) coTBopQaMH e,n:11Horo <pOJibKnopHoro rHnepTeKCTa 1, o6na.n:arow.ero qepTaMH OTKpbITOCTH , He3aBeprneHHOCTH H 6eCKOHe'!HOCTH. EcnH TBOp'łeCKa51 ponb 'łHTaTen.s:I no.u ljJOflbKJIOpHbl.M zunepmeKC/110.M Mbl OOHHMaeM COBOKYOHOCTb scex HMelOLl.(HXCll H noTeHuHaJibHblX Bap11aHTOB e,UHHOro HHBapHaHTa, o6pa3ylOLl.(HX csepxTeKCTOBOe e,UHHCTBO 3a C'-leT CHCTeMbl TPa,uHUHOHHblX HHTepTeKCTyaJibHblX CBll3eH H o6pal.l.(eHHOCTH K o6Ll.(eMy HH<pOpMaUHOHHOMY (ceMaHTH'-leCKOMY) npOCTPaHCTBY - <pOJibKJIOpHOH TPa.UHUHH. Bse.ueHHe,UaHHOro OOHllTHll 003B0JilleT, Ha Halli B3rJill.U, OT'-laCTH CHl!Tb O(TPOTY cyl.l.(eCTBYIOLl.(HX TepMHHOJIOrH'-leCKHX pa3Ii0rnac11i1 no sonpocy O <jlyHKUHOHaJibHOM CTaTyce KOHKpeTHOro <pOJibKJIOpHoro sap1-taHTa H O COOTHOWeHHH UH8apuamn - eapuaH1n.
xy)J.O)l(eCTB eHHOro np0113B e)J.emu1 KaK COTBopu:a CBO)J.11TCH Jil1lllb K 11 H)J.11Bl1)1.YaJibHOH l1HTepnpernu:1111 aBTOpCKOro TeKCTa, K pacnpe)J.Me'-111Ba H l1 IO C O )J. e p )l( a H 11 H T e K CT a B JIH '-I H O C T H o o C B O e H H bi H C M bi CJI H 11H)J.HBl1)1.YaJibHOe n epe)l(HBaHHe (KOTOpble MoryT 6b1Tb a)J.eKBaTHbl M H H)J.eHHO-XY)J.O)l(eCTBeHHOM Y 3aMblCJIY aBTOpa, H O MOryT 11 cyw.ecTBeHHO OTJil1'-laTbCH), He 3arpanrnaH npH 3TOM caM TeKCT, TO a)J.pecaT-CJIYlllaTeJib, KaK npaBl1JIO, coy'-laCTByeT B HC0OJIHeHHH q>OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa, TeM caMbIM OKa3bIBaH BJIHHHHe Ha caM npou:ecc C03)1.aHHH BapHaHTa (T.e. TeKCTonopO)l()J. eHHH).
O)1.HaKO CTeneHb aKTHBHOCTH 11 coy'-laCTHH cnywaTeJIH q>OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa MO)l(eT 6b1Tb pa3Jil1'-IHOH B 3aBl1Cl1MOCTH OT )l(aHpa <pOJibKJIOpHoro npOH3Be)J.eHHH ( cp . CTeneHb y'-laCTHH cnylllaTeJieH B 11cnOJIHeH1111 3IlH'-leCKOro (MOHOJIOrH'-leCKoro) TeKCTa H JIHpH'-IeCKOH neCHH C ee ycTaHOBKOH H a K O JIJieKTHB H O e HCOOJIHeH11e) 11 )J.a)l(e OT HCilOJIHl1TeJibCKOH M a H epbl (HH)J.HBl1)1.YaJibHOH HJil1 xopOBOH), npHHHTOH B KOHKpeTHOM <pOJibKJIOpHOM COU.HyMe.
B
Ka'-leCTBe npHMepa MO)KHO npHBeCTH HHHQHaJibHbie <pparMeHTbl )J.Byx Bap11aHTOB O)J.HOH necH11 Pa3wt u Ka3al.luu Kpy2:l BapHaHT
-y Hac TO 6bIJ10, 6paTl..(bl, Ha THXOM ,ll;oH-y'
Ha THXOM ,ll;oHy, BO lłepKaccKoM ropo.ny,
Tiopo.n.ttncJ1 y.n.anoił .n.o6poił Mono.n.eu
Tio HMeHH CTenaH PaJHH TttMocpeeBH'ł.
(Jfcmopu'teCKue neCHu N21 43)
2 BapttaHT
-3aneB. KaK y HaC-TO 6bIJ10 Ha THXOM )],oHy, B cnaBHOM
Xop. fopo.n.e lłepKaccKHHM.
3. Tiopo.n.HnCJI, nOJIBHilCJI
X. Y.n.anoił-To TaM KaJaK,
IIo npo3BaHblO CTenaH THMo<j>eeBH'ł,
3. CTenaH THMo<j>eeBH'ł.
(Jfcmopu'tecKue neCHu N2 l 44)
KaK BH)J.HO 113 )J.aHHbl X np 11MepoB, coy'-laCTl1e CJiylllaTeJieH M O)l(eT npOHBJIHTbCH B «IlO)J.XBaTbIBaHl1H» MeJIO)J.1111, B Henocpe)J.CTBeHH0M BKJIIO '-lemm B caMO )J.eHCTBO, B )J.pyrHX cny'-laHX - B B03rJiacax O)J.06peHHH HJil1 H e O)J.06peHHH HC0O JI H H e M O M Y H H H bIX 3 M OQHO HaJib H bl X peaKQHHX,
'<PyliK1,fUOJiQJlbJiO-CmWle8a.R cnel,fU<jJUKQ (jJOllbKllOp1i020 . . . MAPHHA A. BEHfPAH0B11'-l
CTHMym1pyI01I..1.HX HMnpOBH3aU.HH HCTTOJIHHT eJISI H npHBO,ll.Sl�He, KaK cne.u.cTBHe, K pa:rnwmoro BH.U.a «BH6pau.HsiM» TeKcTa.
Bee 3TO CTHMYJIHpyeT C03,ll.aHHe oco6oH CHTyau.HH HCrIOJIHeHHSI H HMnpOBH3aU.HH caMoro HCTTOJIHHTeJISI, B pe3yJibTaTe qero H3MeHS!eTCSI qJOJibKJIOpHbIH TeKCT ( C03,ll.aeTCSI HOBbIH BapHaHT) H o6ecnelJHBaeTCSI HenpepbIBHOCTb TBOp'-leCKOfO npou.ecca. B COOTBeTCTBHH C 3THM C nepBH lJHOH K OMMYHHKaTHBHOH .u.esiTeJibHOCTblO (TeKCT006pa30BaHHeM) B qJOJibKJIOpe CBSl3aHbl o6a yqacTHHKa KOMMYHHKaTHBHOro npou.ecca ( cy61,eKT H a.u.pecaT), 06na.u.a1011..1.He CTaTYCOM COTTOJIO)KeHHbIX KOMMYHHKaHTOB B paMKax peaJibHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH (B OTJIHlJHe OT KOMMYHHKaHTOB xy,ll.O)KeCTBeHHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH, B KOTOpOH Ha 3Tane TeKCTOrIOpO)K,ll.eHHSI ,ll.OMHHHpyeT cy61,eKT, a a.u.pecaT aKTHBH3HpyeTCSI Ha 3Tane BOCnpHS!THSI rOTOBoro TeKCTa).
OTMe'-leHHhle npH3HaKH q>OJibKJIOpHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH TT03BOJISIIOT rOBOpHTb o qieHOMeHe .u.aHHOro THna KOMMYHHKaTHBHOrO npou,ecca, KOTOpbIH, B OTJIHlJHe OT xy,ll.O)KeCTBeHHoro aHanora, COBMe11..1.aeT npH3HaKH KaK peaJibHOH, TaK. H OT06pa)KeHHOH xy.u.o)KeCTBeHHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH: HMeS! HMHTaU.HOHHblH xapaKTep (B pe3yJibTaTe KOTOporo C03,ll.aeTCSI Bb!MbllliJieHHbIH, KBa3H-peaJibHbIH MHp, HMelOll..l.HH H,ll.eanhHble qepTbI), OH ocy�ecrnm1eTCSI B ycnOBHSIX peanbHOH KOMMYHHKaU.HH (B onpe.u.eneHHOH 3TH06bITOBOH cpe.u.e, npH Henocpe,ll.CTBeHHOM KOHTaKTe C peaJibHbIMH cnyrnaTeJISIMH). B 3TOH CHTyau.HH H npoHCXO,ll.HT BCTpelJa .ll.BYX MHpOB -BHeTeKCTOBoro H BHYTPHTeKCTOBOro, c ne,ll.CTBHeM qero SIBJIS!eTCSI ocno)KHeHHe CTPYKTYPhI qionhKnopHoro TeKCTa H cy6cTaHU.HOHaJibHOH npHp0,ll.bl cy61,eKTa qJOJibKJIOpHoro TBOplJecrna, SIBJISIIOll..l.erocsi 0,ll.HHM H3 cy11..1.ecTBeHHbI X n p H 3 H aK O B <I> 0Ji b K JI Op a H 0,ll.H HM H3 6 a 3 0 B b! X 3KCTpaJIHHrBHCTHlJeCKHX q>aKTOpOB q>OpMHpOBaHHSI CTHJieBOH cneu.Hq>HKH qJOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa.
3. Cy6beKT (pOJibKJIOpHoro TBOp'-lecrna
IlepBasi oco6eHHOCTh cy61,eKTa qionhKJIOpHoro rnopqecrna o6ycnoBneHa 0 6 11..1.ecTBeHHOH q> y H K U.HeH q> O JibKJI O pa KaK HCKYCCTBa CJI0Ba H K0JIJieKTHBHbIM xapaKTep0M TBOp'-leCKoro npou.ecca. B 3THX ycn0BHSIX cy61,eKTOM TB0p'-leCTBa SIBJIS!eTCSI KOJIJieKTHBHbIH aBT0p, KOTOpb!H ,ll.HaJieKTH '-leCKH CO'-leTaeT MaCC0B0e H JIHlJHOe TB0p'-leCTBO, TT0CK0JibKY .U.Hq>q>epeH U.HpyeTCSI Ha HCTTOJIHHTeneH H cnyrnaTeneH T0JibK0 B CHTyaU.HH HCTT0JIHeHlrn
609
!pOJibKJIOpHoro np0113Be,n:emrn.
B
c1-rny 3T0ro cy6beKT !pOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa SłBJIS!eTC51 OAHOH 113 rpaHeH cneu:11cpl1'IeCKOH KaTerop1111 r11nepcy6beKTa, xap aKTep113YIOI.l.\eHC51 Hepa3rpaHl1 '-łeHH0CTblO cy6 beKTa 11 a.n:pecaTa !pOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa, 11X B3al1MHOH aKTl1BH0CTblO KaK Y'-IaCTHMK0B e.n:M Horo TBopqecKoro npou:ecca.,LJ: p y r a 51 o c o 6 e H H O C T b c y 6 b eK T a !p O Ji b K JI O p H o r o T B 0 p q e c T B a ,n:eTepM11HMp0BaHa CMHKpeT11qHbIM xapaKTepoM !pOJibKJIOpHOH K0MMYHM KaU:MM. KaTeropM51 cy6beKTHOCTl1 B q>OJibKJIOpHOM TeKCTe, TaK )l(e, KaK 11 B xy,n:o)l(eCTBeHH0M aBT0pCK0M TeKCTe, 11MeeT np113HaKl1 paCI.l.\enneHH0CTl1 H pean113yeTC51 B TeKCTe C0 0TBeTCTBeHH0 B B11Ae p a3JIHqHbIX ((Jil1K0B»: K0JIJieKTl1BH0ro aBT0pa - TBopu:a !pOJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa (rMnepcy6beKTa), !p OJibKJIO pttoro o 6 p a 3 a aBT0p a , npe,n:cTaBJi e H H 0 ro p a3Ji l1 q H bI M M )l(aHp0BbIMl1 MOAM!pMKau:1rnM11 (3nMqeCKl1M noBeCTB0BaTeJieM, JIMpttqeCKliM noBeCTB0BaTeJieM , JIMpMqeCKliM repoeM, CKa3oqHbIM noBeCTBOBaTeJieM), o6pa30B nepco Ha)KeH . O.n:HaKO B CHJIY CliMMeTpMqH0 CTli npou:eccoB nopo)l(,n:eHl151 11 Bocnp1151TM51 TeKCTa, aKTl1BH0CTl1 cy6beKTa Ha BCex 3Tanax T eK C T 0 n o p 0 )l(AeHl1 51 11 C l1HK p eT11 qHoro x ap a KTep a !p O Ji b K JI O p H O H K0MMyH11KaU:11M, coqeTaIOI.l.\eH np113HaK11 peaJibHOH M OTo6pa)l(eHHOH KOMMYHl1KaU:M11, peqeBbie nnaHbl BHeTeKCT0B0ro cy6beKTa (11cnoJIHl1TeJI51) M BHYTPliTeKCT0B0ro cy6beKTa (cpOJibKJIOpHOro o6pa3a aBTOpa) B npe,n:enax !pOJibKJIOpttoro TeKCTa nepeceKaIOTC51, qTQ np11B0Al1T K 0CJI0)l(HeHMIO cy6cTaHU:11 0 H aJibHOH npMp0Ahl cy6beKTa 11 TT051BJieHl1lO (ttapHAY C Tpa.n:11u:110HHblMl1 cpopMaMl1, xapaKTepHbIMli AJI51 3KCCTJil1Kau:1111 cy6beKTa B xy.n:o)KeCTBeHH0M aBT0pCK0M TeKCTe) cneu:11cp11qeCKl1X cpopM ero 513bIKOBOH p e n p e 3 e H T a u: 11 11 B CTp y K T y p e TeK CT a : 51 3 bi K O B o r o n p 0 51 B Ji e H l1 51 11CCTOJIHl1TeJihCKOH MaHepbl B BliAe cpoHeT11qeCKOH 11 CJIOfOBOH 11HCTpy
MeHT0BKl1 TeKCTa
( l )
M aBT0pCKliX peMapoK(2):
I ) -Aił Ha ro pax-TO ro pax, ro pax 6hrno BbICOK1111x, Aił WTO Ha Tex ropax 6brno ropax OKaTHCTbIX, Aił Ha OKaTHCTblX ropax, ropax 6blJIO Ha yaan11CTblX, Aił TyT cTosma ne pycbKa .na Hawa JaCTaaa,
(51.E.fonb'łHKOB, lloocoKollbHuK, EblllUHbl
Ceeepa,
I, 1 1 6): - y)!( Bh( OH ern, 6paTl.lbl, Bbl A06blpb1e MOflOAl.lbI!.[(e Mbl noe.11.eMbTe-KO-CSI c611Tb c1rny Ky.11.peBaHbIKY, .[(e noeJ)!(aHTe BhI c qmaHKY npaBoro 11 rreBoro, A si noe.11.y B cepe.11.11ttyrnKy c11rrywK11 Ky.11.peBaHKOBOH.
(A.l1.TianKHH, Hfl&R Myp0Mei1 u KyopeeaHKO, EbU1u1-1&1 Ceeepa,
I, 56);
6 1 0
'<PyHKl,fUOHQJ/bHO-CmWleBGR cne1,fucjJuKa cjJOllbKJIOpH020 . . .
2) - KaK Ha y-rpe-TO 6bIJIO patteweHbKO,
Ha csernow 3ap11 pattoyTl)ettttdi
(Ceii'łac y 11x TYT 6y.ueT 6011),
Ha BbIKaTe COJIHbllllKa Kpacttoro,
BcTasan-To cTapbIH co nocTen10wK11 . . .
MAPl1HA A . BEHrPAHOBl14
(M.f.AttTOHOB,
llpo mamapcKoe Haiuecmeue, EwzuHbt Ceeepa,
I , 1 78).
Oco6eHHOCTl1 HCIIOJIHHTeJibCKOH MaHepbl 11 peMapKH, BbH!Bmrn TeKCTOBOe rrp11cyTCTBHe peaJibHOro (BHeTeKCTOBOro) cy6beKTa pet.i),!' SIBJISIIOTCSI HeOTbeMJie M O H t.iaCTblO xy}].O)KeCTBeHH O H cpop M bl q> OJibKJIOpHoro rrpomBe,ll,eHHSI, o6neKaIO�erocSI B )KJ,IBYIO IIJIOTb B MOMeHT HCIIOJIHeHHSI. Bee 3TO I103BOJISieT paccMaTpHBaTb HCIIOJIHHTeJISI (BHeTeKCTOBoro cy6beKTa pet.iH) B Kat.iecrne HMMaHeHTHOH cy�HOCTH, npHcy�eH q>OJibKJIOpHoro TeKcTy HapaBHe C ,ll,pyrHMH aHTpOIIOQeHTpaMH - II0BeCTBOBaTeneM , paccKa3t.iHKOM, n11p11ąecKHM repoeM, poneBbIMH reposiM11 H nepcoHa)KaMH, rpaHb Me)KJJ.Y K0TOpblMJ,I BHYTPH q)OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa He SIBJISieTCSI CTOJib CTporo 0'-1:ept.ieHHOH, KaK B xy,ll,O)KeCTBeHHOH (nHCbMeHHOH) K0MMYHHKaQHJ,1 C ee aCHMMeTpHt.iHOCTblO 3TaII0B TeKCTOIIOpO)K,ll,eHHSI l1 BOCIIpHSITHSI ),I Ot.ieBH,ll,HbIM pacXO)K,ll,eHHeM Me)K,ll,y BHeTeKCTOBb!M ( c peaJibHb!MJ,1 cy6beKTOM l1 a,D,pecaTOM) ),I BHYTpHTeKCTOBbIMH MHpaMH.IlpoeKQHSI cy6beKTa pet.i),! Ha IIJIOCK0CTb q>OJibKJIOpHoro TeKCTa (TOt.iHee -BO BHYTPHTeKCT0BYIO o6naCTb) cpopMHpyeT cpeHOMeH q)OJibKJIOpHoro «o6pa3a aBTopa» - CBoeo6pa3Horo aHanora JIHTepaTypHoro «o6pa3a aBT0pa», MO,ll,Hq)HQHpOBaHHOro B COOTBeTCTBHH c o6�eCTBeHHOH <PYHKQHeH HCK YCCTBa , K0JIJieKTHBHbIM xapaKTepOM HapO,ll,HOfO TB0pt.ieCTBa l1 COQHaJibH0 YTBep)K,ll,eHHb! M nopSI,ll,KOM ycJI0BHb!X o6pa3Hb!X K O,ll,OB (orrpe,ll,eJieHHOH KO,ll,OBOH CHCTeMOH). I103TOMY B OTJIHt.iHe OT o6pa3a aBT0pa B xy,ll,O)KeCTBeHHOM aBT0pCKOM TeKCTe, KOTOpbIH SIBJISieTCSI BOIIJIO�eHHeM aBT0pCK0ro
Jl,
ero JIJ,llfHOCTH, 11H,ll,11B11,ll,YaJibHO-aBTOpCKHX oco6eHHOCTeH ),I pean113yeTCSI B TeKCTe C HH,ll,HBH,ll,yaJibHOH KO,ll,OBOH CHCTe M O H J,I MaKCHMaJibHOH CTerreHblO cy6beKTHBaQHH noBeCTB0BaHHSI, q)OJibKJIOpHbIH o6pa3 aBT0pa (cy6beKT pe'-1:H) HMeeT qepTbl o6o6�eHHOfO repo si, B KOT0pOM HeT e�e rrpH3HaK0B JIHlfHOCTH, HH,ll,HBH,ll,yaJibH0CTH, TaK KaK OH SIBJI.SieTCSI «0Tpa)KeHHeM t.ieJIOBeKa ,ll,aHHOH 3II0XH » , rrpOSIBJISieTC.SI B TeKCTe C orrpe,D,eneHHOH (Tpa,D,HQHOHHOH) KO,ll,OBOH rncTeMoH 11 MHHHMaJibHOH CTerreHblO cy6beKTHBaQHl1 II0BeCTBOBaHHSI (TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH «o6o6�eHHOH cy6'beKTHBHOCTbIO»). Ilo3TOMY ecnH ,ll,JISI cy6neKTa XYJJ.O)KeCTBeHHOH peą11 B Kat.ieCTBe 0}].H0fO J,13 cy�eCTBeHHb!X npH3HaKOB HCCJie,ll,OBaTeJI.SI M J,1OTMe'łaeTC.s! HaJIH'łHe HH,D:HBH,n:yaJibHOro CTHJI.s! (H,D:HOCTHJI.s!), co6CTBeHHOH xy,n:o)l(eCTBeHHOH CHCTeMbl, TO ,n:JI.s! cy6beKTa q>OJihKJIOpHOH pe'łH HaH6onee cyru;ecTB eHHhI MH .s!BJI .s!IOTC.s! )l(aHpOBO-CTHJIHC TH'łeCKHe pa3JIH'łH .s! , npO.s!BJI.s!IOW:Hec.si BHYTPH e,n:HHOH CTHJieBOH CHCTeMbl, ccpopMHpoBaHHOH B pe3yJihTaTe ,n:JIHTeJibHOH xy,n:o)l(eCTBeHHOH rpa,n:H1.(l1H 11 B paMKax e,n:HHOro TBOp'łeCKOro MeTo,n:a OCBOeHH.s! ,n:eHCTBHTeJihHOCTH.
O,n:HaKo B ycJIOBH.s!X CHHKp eTH 'łHOro xapaKTepa q>OJihKJIOpHOH KOMMYHHKaQHH - B CHTyaQHH «BCTpe'łH» BHeTeKCTOBoro H BHYTPHTeK CTOBOro MHpOB - npoHCXO,D:11T nepece'łeHHe cq>ep He TOJihKO cy- 6beKTa H a,n:pecaTa KaK COTBOpQOB e,n:HHOro TeKCTa, HO H KOMMYHHKaHTOB peaJibHOH K O M MYHHKaQHH (HCTTOJIHHTeJib - cnywaTeJib) H OTo6p a)l( e H H O H KOMMYHHKaQHH (noBeCTBOBaTeJib - nepcoHa)I(), CJiy)l(aru;ee OCHOBOH ,n:JI .s! HX COOTHeCeHH.s! H conOJIO)l(eHHOCTH B paMKax KOHTHHyyMa C03,D:aBaeMoro TeKCTa (K npH3HaKaM 3TOro nepece'łeHlrn B q>OJihKJIOpHOM TeKCTe MO)l(HO OTHeCTH nepeKperu;HBaHHe, a 'łaCTO H HaJIO)l(eHHe nnaHOB HCTTOJIHHTeJI.si H noBeCTBOBaTen.si, npo.s!BJI.s!IOW:Hec.si B OTMe'łeHHhlX Bhillle .s!BJieHH.s!X HCTTOJIHHTeJibCKOH HHCrpyMeHTOBKH TeKCTa H MHOrO'łHCJieHHhlX peMapKax; noBeCTBOBaTen.si H JIHpH'łecKoro repo.si; noBecTBoBaTen.si H nepcotta)l(a). 3To npHBO,D:HT K no.siBJieHHIO cneQHq>H'łeCKHX q>opM .s!3h!KOBOH penpe3eHTaQHH cy6beKTa KaK KOMTTOHeHTa peaJibHOH H OT06pa)l(eHHOH KOMMYHHKaQHH B KOHTHHyyMe q>OJihKJIOpHoro TeKCTa: .s!BJieHH.s! .s!3hIKOBOro Cl1HKpeTH3Ma, q>yHKQHOHaJibHOH noJIHCeMHH cpopM, a TaK)l(e cy6beKTH0-06beKTHOro TTOJIH q>OHH3Ma:
- H11KaK HeB03MO)l(H0 MHe - 3X, 6e3 ne'-laJIH )l(J,!Tb ... JI106HTb ,n:py)l(Ka MO)l(HO MHe, HeJib3.!I He TY)l(HTb! HeJib3.si He TY)l(HTb ...
B3,n:yMaIO npo MHJIOro, He MHJI .n:eBKe 6enbIH CBeT. He MHn 6eJihIH CBeT ...
He MHn ,n:eBywKe 6eJibIH cBeT, 6e)l(ana 6 .si B nec . . .
(JlonarnH, flpoKyHuH,
NQ74).
KaK BH,D:HM, BHYTPHTeKCTOBhIH cy6beKT pe'łH, npoeQHpy.sicb Ha nJIOCKOCTh neceHHoro JIHpH'łeCKOro TeKcTa, q>OpMHpyeT cneQHq>H'łeCKYIO, )l(aHpOBO o6ycJIOBJieHHYIO npHpo,n:y cy6beKTHBHOCTH (o6o6ru;eHHO�JIH'łHYIO) , npH06peTa10ru;y10 B KOHTHHyy M e JIHpH'łeCKoro TeKCTa q>OpMy cy-6beKTH0-06beKTHOro nOJIHq>OHH3Ma, .s!3hIKOBhlMH npH3HaKaMH KOTOporo MO)l(HO C'łHTaTh CMellleHHe JIH'łHhIX cpopM 1-ro H 3-ro JIHQa, o6ycJIOBJieHHOe
•
'<PyHKLfUOHG.JlbHO-CmUJZe805l cneLfur/JuKa rjJOllbKllOpH020
...
MAPl1HA A . BEHrPAH0B114HepaC'1Jiem:1MOCTblO cy6beKTa H o6beKTa B Hap0,11.HOH JIHpHKe, a B QeJIOM -CJIO)l(Hb!M nepece'-!eHHeM pe'-IeBbIX cqiep B KOHTHHyyMe QlOJlhKJIOpHoro
TeKCTa.
Pe3IOMHpyeM. KoMnJieKC 6a30Bh!X 3KCTpamrnrBHCTH'-leCKHX qiaKTOpOB, BKJIIO'-laIOI.l.\HH QlOJibKJIOpHoe CO3Ham1e, qJOJihKJIOPHYIO KOMMYHHKaQHIO, cneQHqJHKY cy6beKTa QlOJlbKJIOpHoro TBOp'-IeCTBa, BHec cyl.l.\eCTBeHHhIH BKJia,11. B qiopMHpOBaHHe JIHHrBOCTHJieBOH xapaKTepHOCTH QlOJlhKJIOpHOro TeKcTa (reTeporeHHOH no csoei1 np11po,11.e), onpe.u.enHB TeM caMhIM cxoocmeo C pO,D,CTBeHHhlM eMy no QlYHKQHOHaJihHOCTHJieBOH np11po.u.e aHanoroM -xy)J.O)l(eCTBeHHhIM TeKCTOM H O,/J.HOBpeMeHHO ceoeo6pa3Ue, o6ycJIOBJieHHOe cneLfur/Ju'-leCKUMU '-lepmaMU Ka)l(,11.Oro 113 paCCMOTpeHHh!X Bhlllle qiaKTOpOB. Bee 3TO no3BOJI.s!eT npHHTH He TOJlhKO KO BnOJIHe o6ocHOBaHHOMY BhIBO)J.y o xy)J.O)l(eCTBeHHOH np11po.u.e QlOJlhKJIOpHoro TeKCTa, HO H K npH3HaHH10 .s!3h!Ka QlOJlhKJIOpa QlYHKQHOHaJibHO-CTHJieBOH pa3HOBH,11.HOCTbIO xy,11.0)l(eCTBeHHOH pe'-IH C npHCYI.l.\HMH eMy cneQHqlH'-leCKHMH npH3HaKaMH.
