Delft University of Technology
Governance and planning as boundary conditions for flood risk reduction in Texas
Galveston Island’s flood risk challenge
Brand, Nikki
Publication date
2017
Document Version
Final published version
Published in
Integral Design of Multifunctional Flood Defenses
Citation (APA)
Brand, A. D. (2017). Governance and planning as boundary conditions for flood risk reduction in Texas:
Galveston Island’s flood risk challenge. In B. Kothuis, & M. Kok (Eds.), Integral Design of Multifunctional
Flood Defenses: Multidisciplinary Approaches and Examples (pp. 158-161). Delft University Publishers.
Important note
To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable).
Please check the document version above.
Copyright
Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent
of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons.
Takedown policy
Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights.
We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology.
!%( !%) ! " # $ " % & '( % ) * ') + , -.* ) 6@P.'7;.Q;NN.@P.6A7.c<NR^B547.[:7NN5B.:5V7N.2. 0;97B.$<JP7JX.EFFFa.QJ5KA6^c54N79.2.!;J5P7BX. EFFj]U.$A7.8;M=.;P4.S7B6.7P4.@R.6A7.5BN;P4. J7L;5P.<PIJ@67M674X.;P4.;B.;.J7B<N6.S7J7. RN@@474.4<J5PK.0<JJ5M;P7.%=7.5P.EFFjU. c5O7P.56B.O<NP7J;85N569.;P4.=79.5LI@J6;PM7.6@. B6@II5PK.B6@JL.B<JK7.R@J.6A7.J7K5@PX.c;NO7B^ 6@P.%BN;P4.5B.;NB@.6A7.MJ;4N7.@R.@P7.;L8565@<B. RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P.IJ@I@B;NT.6A7.%=7.&5=7X. B@L765L7B.=P@SP.;B.6A7.(@;B6;N.'I5P7U. &7BI567.56B.A5KA.O<NP7J;85N569.6@.RN@@45PKX.6A7. :;9.J7K5@PYB.M<JJ7P6.6J;4565@P.J7K;J45PK.RN@@4. J5B=.J74<M65@P.J7L;5PB.A;IA;d;J4T.;.I;6MA^ S@J=.@R.45RR7J7P6.@JK;P5d;65@PBX.IJ5L;J5N9. J7;M65PK.6@.RN@@4.4;L;K7.;R67J.6A7.R;M6X.;P4X. RJ@L.;.&<6MA.I7JBI7M65O7X.;P.5LIJ7BB5O7.;P4. B@IA5B65M;674.R@JL.@R.7L7JK7PM9.L;P;K7^ L7P6.[:J;P4.2.0@K7P4@@JPX.EFGk]U.$A7.:;9. J7K5@PYB.RN@@4.J5B=.MA;NN7PK7.5B.M<JJ7P6N9.875PK. ;P;N9d74.89.6A7."'.+JL9.(@JIB.@R.1PK5P77JB. 5P.6A7.(@;B6;N.$7V;B.)J@67M65@P.;P4.,7B6@J;^ 65@P.'6<49U.1V5B65PK.N;JK7^BM;N7.RN@@4.47R7PB7B. 6A;6.;5L.6@.IJ7O7P6.RN@@45PKX.N5=7.6A7.c;NO7B^ 6@P.'7;.Q;NN.@J.6A7.$7V;B.(569.N7O77X.S7J7. @PN9.8<5N6.<P47J.7VM7I65@P;N.M5JM<LB6;PM7BT. ;R67J.;.RN@@4.7O7P6X.;P4.S56A.M@PB547J;8N7. R5P;PM5;N.B<II@J6.RJ@L.R747J;N.;K7PM57BU >.3+.l*"&53"./?3b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
*5==5.:J;P4
%,M$&"'"0$)'"*)5('""!"%)'+)3,/"*'&4)0,"*!#!,"+)
-,&)-(,,*)&!+6)&$*/0#!,")!")#$a'+
c+#D1'$/*.%'#+*&Y'.C#//&.,%'?.(0+##1*c1
c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4.5B.;.8;JJ57J.5BN;P4.S56A.;. I@I<N;65@P.@R.;IIJ@V5L;67N9._FXFFFX.N@M;674. 876S77P.c;NO7B6@P.:;9.;P4.6A7.c<NR.@R. !7V5M@.@P.6A7.$7V;B.M@;B6U.&<7.6@.56B.N@M;^ 65@PX.c;NO7B6@P.5B.P@6.@PN9.@P.6A7.RJ@P6.N5P7. @R.A<JJ5M;P7^5P4<M74.B6@JL.B<JK7B.M@L5PK. RJ@L.6A7.c<NRX.56.5B.;NB@.;.=79.B567.R@J.;P9.RN@@4. 47R7PB7.;5L5PK.6@.IJ@67M6.6A7.7P65J7.0@<B^ 6@P^c;NO7B6@P.:;9.J7K5@PU.$A7.5BN;P4.;P4.56B. P;L7B;=7.M569YB.A5B6@J9.A;O7.877P.L;J=74.89. 47O;B6;65PK.B6@JL.B<JK7BX.L@B6.P@6;8N9.6A7. GoFF.cJ7;6.c;NO7B6@P.0<JJ5M;P7X.;P4.0<J^ J5M;P7.%=7.5P.EFFjU.$A7.GoFF.A<JJ5M;P7.N7R6.;P. 7B65L;674._^jFFF.47;4.;P4.IJ@LI674.6A7. 7N7O;65@P.@R.6A7.7P65J7.M569.89.;IIJ@V5L;67N9. GF.R776X.IN<B.6A7.M@PB6J<M65@P.@R.6A7.c;NO7B^ -&23R"$$"3@&'.!3"93'3F?9/!?E3'/3/:+3VC'/"'73 F7'..".%3g3V/&'/+%53-+C'&/B+./3?(3/:+3('E\ *7/53?(3>&E:"/+E/*&+3g3/:+3@*"7/3T.8"&?.B+./A3 WI3-+7(/3I."8+&9"/53?(3W+E:.?7?%5A30:+&+39:+3 "933".8?78+!3".3/:+3GF1\R=S3(*.!+!3F1M4\ C&?%&'B3'.!3/:+3TVFSR\(*.!+!3MSUF>VV\ C&?%&'B23>!!"/"?.'775A39:+30?&$93'93'.3".!+\ C+.!+./3&+9+'&E:3'99?E"'/+3'/3I&H'.31./+%&"/5A3 9/*!5".%3/:+3E?./&"H*/"?.3?(3.+/0?&$93?(3 C7'.93/?38*7.+&'H"7"/53(?&3(7??!".%3".3/:+3IV3 '.!3/:+3R+/:+&7'.!9A30"/:".3/:+3W+]'93>gU\ H'9+!3&+9"7"+.E+39E?&+E'&!\C&?#+E/231.3/:+3 VW=\UJJ-3C&?%&'B39:+30'93'3C?9/!?E3".3 /:+3C&?#+E/3;I&H'.3!+9"%.3E:'77+.%+93'.!3?C\ C?&/*."/"+93?(3B*7/"(*.E/"?.'73(7??!3!+(+.9+9<2 J"%*&+3Q23 b'78+9/?.3197'.!A3 &+9"!+./"'73'&+'3'.!3 !*.+93'7?.%3/:+3 U+]"E'.3b*7(3E?'9/3 LF:?/?3E?*&/+953 @'*$#+36?/:*"9P2 I@N5M9.@P.c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4b.+P4.4@7B.6A5B.N@^ M;N.K@O7JP;PM7.;JJ;PK7L7P6.R@J.RN@@4.J5B=.J7^ 4<M65@P.R;O@J.IJ7O7P65@P.@J.BI;65;N.IN;PP5PKb. $@.;PBS7J.6A7B7.W<7B65@PBX.47B=.J7B7;JMA.;P4. 5P^47I6A.5P67JO57SB.S56A.N@M;N.J7IJ7B7P6;^ 65O7B.;P4.7VI7J6B.S7J7.M@L85P74X.6A7.476;5N74. J7B<N6B.@R.SA5MA.A;O7.;NJ7;49.877P.I<8N5BA74. [:J;P4X.EFGk]U.(@PB547J5PK.c;NO7B6@PYB.K@O7J^ P;PM7.;JJ;PK7L7P6.R@J.RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@PX. B7O7J;N.@8B6;MN7B.7V5B6.R@J.;.RN@@4.47R7PB7. @P.@J.P7;J.6A7.87;MA.RJ@P6X.;4>;M7P6.6@.6A7. 7V5B65PK.B7;.S;NNU.0@S7O7JX.c;NO7B6@PYB.IN;P^ P5PK.B9B67L.;NB@.4@7B.P@6.B77L.6@.@RR7J.L;P9. @I65@PB.R@J.;P.;N67JP;65O7.RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P. B6J;67K9U >%+.E"+93'.!3/:+"&3#*&"9!"E/"?. $@.B6;J6.S56AX.P@.N@M;N.;K7PM9.A;B.877P.47B5K^ P;674.J7BI@PB58N7.R@J.RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@PX.;P4. 6A7J7.5B.P@.IJ7R7JJ74.N7;45PK.;K7PM9U.%6.5B.6A<B. P@6.B<JIJ5B5PK.6A;6.6A7.%=7.&5=7.B6;J674.;B.;P. 5P565;65O7.@R.$7V;B.+2!."P5O7JB569.@R.c;NO7B^ 6@PU.c;NO7B6@PYB.K@O7JP;PM7.;JJ;PK7L7P6.R@J. RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P.5B.M@LI@B74.@R.;.O;J5769.@R. 45RR7J7P6.N@M;N.;K7PM57BX.J;PK5PK.RJ@L.L<N65IN7^ I<JI@B7.;<6A@J5657B.[6A7.(569.@R.c;NO7B6@P.;P4. g;L;5M;.:7;MA].6@.B5PKN7^I<JI@B7.;<6A@J5657B. [6A7.c;NO7B6@P.);J=.:@;J4.@R.$J<B677B].;P4. IJ5O;67.P@P^IJ@R56.@JK;P5d;65@PB.[c;NO7B6@P. 1M@P@L5M.&7O7@I.@I^L7P6.);J6P7JBA5I].;P4. 5P67J7B6^8;B74.;BB@M5;65@PB.[6A7.Q7B6.1P4. 0@L7@SP7JB.+BB@M5;65@P]U.+NN.6A7.;K7PM57B 5PO@NO74.5P.RN@@4.J5B=.L;P;K7L7P6.4@.B@. B7M@P4;J9.6@.6A75J.IJ5L;J9.;5LU.$A7.);J=. :@;J4X.R@J.7V;LIN7X.B;R7K<;J4B.6A7.7M@P@L5M. 5P67J7B6B.@R.6@<J5BLX.R@J.SA5MA.6A7.M@P65P<74. 7V5B67PM7.@R.6A7.87;MA.5B.=79U.$@.6A5B.7P4X.6A7. );J=.:@;J4.B<MM7BBR<NN9.M@LIN7674.6S@.87;MA. P@<J5BAL7P6.IJ@>7M6B.5P.EFGk^EFG_U.%P.@J47J.6@. 4@.B@X.6A7.);J=.:@;J4.M@NN;8@J;674.S56A.6A7."'. +JL9.(@JIB.@R.1PK5P77JBX.I;95PK.6A7.B@^M;NN74. Z5PMJ7L7P6;N.M@B6BY.6@.J7N@M;67.4J74K7.BI@5NB. RJ@L.6A7.0@<B6@P.'A5I.(A;PP7N.6@.c;NO7B6@PYB. 87;MAU.!&* !&! ! " # $ " % & '( % ) * ') + , -.* ) M@PRN5M6B].;II7;JB.6@.87.;.B9B67L5M.IJ@8N7L. 5P.6A7."P5674.'6;67B.5P.K7P7J;NX.<P47JL5P^ 5PK.6A7.I@67P65;N.6@.J74<M7.O<NP7J;85N569.6@. RN@@45PK.[:7J=7.76.;NUX.EFG_]U.%P.M@P6J;B6.S56A. 6A7.*76A7JN;P4BX.SA7J7.M@@J45P;65@P.87^ 6S77P.45RR7J7P6.BI;65;N.IN;PB.5B.L;P4;6@J9X.5P. 6A7."'.O7J65M;N.5P67KJ;65@P.@R.IN;PB.5B.@R67P. N;M=5PKU.$A<BX.;6.R5JB6.B5KA6X.BI;65;N.IN;PP5PK.5P. c;NO7B6@P.4@7B.P@6.@RR7J.J7;49^L;47.6@@NB.6@. 7RR7M65O7N9.J74<M7.O<NP7J;85N569.6@.RN@@45PKU. W:+3?0.+&9:"C3"99*+ "PN5=7.6A7.*76A7JN;P4BX.SA7J7.P@.J7;N.478;67. @P.IJ@I7J69.J5KA6B.7V5B6B.[0@8L;.2.'MA<667^ )@B6L;X.EFGF]X.6A7B7.;J7.=79.6@."'.IN;PP5PK. 45BM@<JB7.[:7J=7.76.;NUX.EFF_].;P4.6@.I@N565^ M;N.478;67.5P.$7V;B.[:J;P4.2.0@K7P4@@JPX. EFGk]U.+B.L7P65@P74.7;JN57JX.6A7.><J5B45M65@P. @R.6A7.'6;67.@R.$7V;B.5P.6A7.R@JL.@R.;.J@NN5PK. 7;B7L7P6.@P.6A7.87;MA.A;B.877P.B<MM7BB^ R<NN9.MA;NN7PK74.5P.M@<J6.[!M#;<KAN5PX.EFGe]U. %P.6A7@J9X.6A7.$7V;B.c7P7J;N.#;P4./RR5M7. @SPB.6A7.B@^M;NN74.ZS76.87;MAYX.;P.@SP7JBA5I. 6A;6.;<6@L;65M;NN9.J7N@M;67B.;N@PK.S56A.6A7. O7K76;65@P.N5P7U.*@S.6A7.O7K76;65@P.N5P7.5B.P@. N@PK7J.M@LL@PN9.J7M@KP5d74.;B.6A7.47L;J^ M;65@P.876S77P.IJ5O;67.;P4.I<8N5M.IJ@I7J69X. 6A7.$c#/.^.6A7.@PN9.;K7PM9.6A;6.A;B.B;R769. RJ@L.RN@@45PK.;L@PK.56B.45J7M65O7B.;P4.I@B^ B7BB7B.M@PB547J;8N7.R<P45PK.^.A;B.45BM@P^ 65P<74.P@<J5BAL7P6.IJ@>7M6B.@P.c;NO7B6@PYB. S7B6.7P4X.;B.I<8N5M.R<P4B.M;PP@6.87.<B74. 6@.P@<J5BA.IJ5O;67.N;P4U.$A<BX.6A7.;K7PM9.5P. c;NO7B6@P.S56A.6A7.L@B6.I@67P65;N.6@.;M6.R@J. RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P.A;B.877P.B547N5P74X.8@6A. 5P.67JLB.@R.@SP7JBA5I.;P4.5P.M@LI767PM7BU. "N65L;67N9X.$c#/.L;9.<B7.56B.I@S7JB.@R. 5LL5P7P6.4@L;5P.6@.6;=7.IJ@I7J69.R@J.I<8N5M. <B7.5P.@J47J.6@.M@PB6J<M6.;.RN@@4.47R7PB7U. 0@S7O7JX.5P.;.B6;67.4@L5P;674.89.6J;4565@P;N. MN;BB5M;N^N587J;N.I@N565M;N.O;N<7BX.6A5B.5B.P@6.;. O7J9.N5=7N9.BM7P;J5@U M?.E7*!".%3&+B'&$9 c;NO7B6@PYB.K@O7JP;PM7.;JJ;PK7L7P6.R@J. RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P.4@7B.P@6.R;O@J.IJ7O7P65@PX. P@J.4@7B.56.R;O@J.BI;65;N.IN;PP5PKU.!7;B<J7B.6@. J74<M7.O<NP7J;85N569.5P.6A7.8<5N6.7PO5J@PL7P6. R;M7.@8B6;MN7BX.;B.4@7B.6A7.M@PB6J<M65@P.@R.;. RN@@4.47R7PB7U.0@S7O7JX.4<J5PK.6A7.65L7.6A7. !CC&.IJ@KJ;L.S;B.5PO@NO74.5P.$7V;BX.6A7.%=7. &5=7.K;6A7J74.5PMJ7;B5PK.B<II@J6.[0@<B6@P. )J7BBX.EFG_]U.QA5N7.6A7.c<NR.(@;B6.(@LL<^ P569.)J@67M65@P.;P4.,7M@O7J9.&5B6J5M6.^.;.B5V. $A7.@PN9.;K7PM9.6A;6.7VIN5M56N9.L7P65@PB. B;R769.RJ@L.RN@@45PK.5P.56B.45J7M65O7B.5B.6A7. $7V;B.c7P7J;N.#;P4./RR5M7X.;.B6;67.;<6A@J^ 569.[$c#/X.EFG\]U.$c#/.;NN@M;67B.R<P45PK. R@J.IJ@>7M6B.47I7P45PK.@P.J7W<7B6B.89.N@M;N. I;J6P7JBU.:<6.P756A7J.$c#/.P@J.6A7.);J=. :@;J4.7;JL;J=.R<P45PK.BI7M5R5M;NN9.R@J.RN@@4. J5B=.J74<M65@P.IJ@>7M6BX.SA5MA.L7;PB.6A;6.P7S. P7K@65;65@PB.;J7.J7W<5J74.R@J.7;MA.IJ@>7M6X. M@LI765PK.;K;5PB6.@6A7J.R<P45PK.IJ5@J5657BU. $A7.L@B6.M@LIN5M;65PK.5BB<7.5B.6A;6.><J5B45M^ 65@P.@P.6A7.5BN;P4.5B.;.M@LIN7V.L;667JU.Q56A. 6A7.7VM7I65@P.@R.g;L;5M;.:7;MAX.SA5MA.A;B.56B. @SP.N@M;N.K@O7JPL7P6X.6A7.(569.@R.c;NO7B^ 6@P.A;B.><J5B45M65@P.@O7J.L@B6.@R.6A7.5BN;P4a. R@J.47B5KP;674.B567B.@P.Z6A7.4J9.87;MAYX.6A7. J7BI@PB585N569.A;B.877P.@<6B@<JM74.6@.6A7. );J=.:@;J4U.0@S7O7JX.N@M;N.IJ@I7J69.@SP7JB. B<MM7BBR<NN9.MA;NN7PK74.6A7.B@^M;NN74.J@NN5PK. 7;B7L7P6.5P.EFGGX.;.N7K;N.6@@N.6A;6.;NN@SB. L;P4;6@J9.I<8N5M.;MM7BB.6@.6A7.87;MA.R@NN@S^ 5PK.6A7.O7K76;65@P.N5P7U... 3 VC'/"'73C7'..".%3 +N6A@<KA.KJ7;67J.0@<B6@P.5B.5P67JP;65@P;NN9. =P@SP.R@J.56B.;8B7PM7.@R.d@P5PK.[#7J<IX.EFGG]X. c;NO7B6@P.(569.4@7B.A;O7.B@L7.@R.6A7.8;B5M. "'.IN;PP5PK.6@@NB.[:7J=7.76.;NUX.EFF_]T.;.M@L^ IJ7A7PB5O7.IN;PX.N;P4.<B7.J7K<N;65@PB.[#&,]X. ;P4.8<5N45PK.M@47BU.C@J.;P.@<6B547JX.56YB.A;J4. 6@.K76.;.IJ@I7J.<P47JB6;P45PK.@R.A@S.c;NO7B^ 6@PYB.IN;PP5PK.B9B67L.R<PM65@PB.^.8<6.6A7. IJ7N5L5P;J9.7O547PM7.5B.P@6.J7;BB<J5PKU.QA5N7. BI;65;N.IN;PP5PK.@P.c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4.4@7B.P@6. B77L.6@.I<6.M@PB6J;5P6B.@P.6A7.M@PB6J<M65@P. @R.;.RN@@4.47R7PB7X.8<6.56.4@7B.P@6.IJ@L@67. 47O7N@IL7P6.6A;6.J74<M7B.O<NP7J;85N569.756A7JU. $A7.#&,.;P4.8<5N45PK.M@47B.S56A5P.6A7.M569YB. ><J5B45M65@P.4@.P@6.;II7;J.6@.87.O7J9.7RR7M^ 65O7.@J.<I.6@.4;67U.C@J.7V;LIN7X.6A7.45B6<J85PK. R5P45PKB.RJ@L.6A7.EFF\.c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4.c7@^ A;d;J4.!;I.[SA5MA.I<6.L<MA.@R.c;NO7B6@PYB. S7B6.7P4.5P.5LL5P7P6.4;PK7J.@R.RN@@45PK]. S7J7.P7O7J.6J;PBN;674.5P6@.IN;PP5PK.I@N5M9U. $@.;O@54.M@P6J@O7JB9X.P7S.N;P4.<B7.J7K<N;^ 65@PB.R@J.87;MA.A@<B7.M@PB6J<M65@P.;P4.4<P7. J7B6@J;65@P.5P.6A7.M@;B6;N.d@P7.S7J7.J7L@O74. RJ@L.6A7.ZJ7O;LI74Y.J7K<N;65@PB.;MM7I674.89. 6A7.(569.(@<PM5N.5P.C78J<;J9.EFGkU. QA5N7.5P67KJ;65PK.S;67J.M@PM7JPB.5P6@.BI;65;N. IN;PB.S@<N4.B77L.;.N@K5M;N.B67IX.6A5B.B77LB. A;J4N9.6@.@MM<J.5P.c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4U.%P.R;M6X. N;M=.@R.5P67KJ;65@P.@R.BI;65;N.IN;PB.[@J.7O7P. M@<P69.7P6569.MJ7;674.89.R@JL7J.K@O7JP@J. ,5M=.)7JJ9.5P.J7BI@PB7.6@.0<JJ5M;P7.%=7.^.A;B. R5P;N5d74.56B.6AJ77^IA;B74.J7I@J6.[c((),&X. EFG_]X.B7O7J;N.6J;>7M6@J57B.R@J.6A7.%=7.&5=7.A;O7. 877P.B6<4574.[D;P.:7JMA<L.76.;NUX.EFG_]U. c5O7P.6A7.;L85K<569.@R.@SP7JBA5I.;N@PK.6A7. $7V;B.M@;B6X.@P7.@R.6A7.6J;>7M6@J57B.R@M<B74. @P.J;5B5PK.6A7.7V5B65PK.I<8N5M.J@;4.C!.eFFk. v.'0jH.;N@PK.6A7.c<NR^B547.@R.6A7.5BN;P4U. +N6A@<KA.L;P9.5BB<7B.J7L;5P.87R@J7.6A5B.M;P. 87.4@P7.^.IJ5O;67.IJ@I7J657B.@P.6A7.8;9.B547. S5NN.A;O7.6A75J.O57S.@R.6A7.@M7;P.5LI;5J74X. SA5N7.IJ@I7J657B.@P.6A7.c<NR.B547.S5NN.J7L;5P. <PIJ@67M674.^.6A7.@SP7JBA5I.5BB<7.M;P.87. ;O@5474U.%6.5B.I@BB58N7.6A;6.6A7.J7M7P6.J;65R5M;^ 65@P.@R.6A7.Q;67J.%PRJ;B6J<M6<J7.%LIJ@O7^ L7P6B.R@J.6A7.*;65@P.[Q%%*].+M6.;P4.6A7. 7N7M65@P.@R.&@P;N4.$J<LI.;B.\k6A.IJ7B547P6. @R.6A7."'.5P.*@O7L87J.EFG_.L;9.K5O7.6A7. RN@@4.47R7PB7.6A7.IJ5@J569.@O7J.BI;65;N. IN;PP5PK.;B.;.RN@@4.J5B=.J74<M65@P.B6J;67K9. @P.c;NO7B6@P.%BN;P4U. +MM@J45PK.6@.(@PKJ7BBL;P.,;P49.Q787JX.6A7. I;BB;K7.@R.6A7.Q;67J.%PRJ;B6J<M6<J7.%LIJ@O7^ L7P6B.R@J.6A7.*;65@P.[Q%%*].+M6. . .xUUU.5PMN<47B.6S@.IJ@O5B5@PB.6A;6.S5NN.KJ7;6N9. 87P7R56.$7V;B.(@PKJ7BB5@P;N.&5B6J5M6.G\.UUUU. $A7.Q%%*.+M6.„;NB@….5PMN<47B.N;PK<;K7. RJ@L.0U,U.kEEk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y.[B6;67^ L7P6.5BB<74.&7M7L87J.GEX.EFG_]U #76YB.A@I7.B@U J"%*&+3K23 b'78+9/?.3197'.!A3 =+9/3+.!A3'(/+&3 :*&&"E'.+31$+A3KXXn3 LF:?/?3E?*&/+953 JTU>A3G?E+75.3>*\ %*9/".?P J"%*&+3f23 b'78+9/?.3M"/53 LF:?/?3E?*&/+953 R>V>P