Lęk przed "innym-Ja", czyli o współczesnym kryzysie dialogu

Pełen tekst

(1).DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND. / .35=('Ä,11<0-$´ &=</,2:63Ïà&=(61<0 .5<=<6,(',$/2*8. 675(6=&=(1,( $UW\NXá VWDQRZL SUyE RGQDOH]LHQLD SU]\F]\Q ZVSyáF]HVQHJR NU\]\VX GLDORJX$XWRUND RNUHOD LQWHUDNFMH ]DFKRG]FH Z VSRáHF]HVWZLH NRQVXPSF\MQ\P 3RND]XMH Z MDNL VSRVyE ÄMD´ DNVMRORJLF]QH ]RVWDMH ]DVWSLRQHSU]H]ÄMD´SRVLDGDMFH KDEHRHUJRVXP

(2) 8GRZDGQLD*H ZDOND R DXWHQW\F]QH VSRWNDQLH MHVW Z LVWRFLH ZDON R VHQV $XWRUND GHILQLXMH SRM FLH ÄVSRWNDQLD´ Z RSDUFLX R EDGDQLD DQNLHWRZH SU]HSURZDG]RQHZUyGVWXGHQWyZXF]HOQLSDVWZRZ\FKLQLHSDVWZRZ\FK :VND]XMHSRVWDZ\XPR*OLZLDMFHSUDZG]LZHVSRWNDQLDLHIHNW\WDNLFK VSRWND 6à2:$./8&=2:( VSRWNDQLHNU\]\VGLDORJXVSRáHF]HVWZRNRQVXPSF\MQH. :QLHáDWZ\FKF]DVDFKSU]\V]áRQDP*\ü&]áRZLHND;;,ZLHNXGRW\ND MHGHQ]QDMZL NV]\FKNU\]\VyZHNRQRPLF]Q\FKILQDQVRZ\FKO NSU]HGXWUDW SUDF\LEUDNLHPURGNyZQDXWU]\PDQLHVLHELHLURG]LQ\.U\]\VHP]NWyU\P QDMWUXGQLHMMHVWMHGQDNVRELHSRUDG]Lü]ZáDV]F]DPáRG\POXG]LRPMHVWZVSyá F]HVQ\NU\]\VGLDORJX%UDNXMHG]LGLDORJLF]Q\FKV\WXDFMLJHVWyZVSRMU]H 1DV]HLQWHUDNFMHQLHVSUDZG]LZH=DF]\QDMPLHüUDF]HMFKDUDNWHUV\PXODFML %LHU]HP\XG]LDáZVSHNWDNODFKSRVW SXMHP\ZHGáXJVFHQDULXV]\RGJU\ZDP\ UROHÄ0R*QDX]QDü*HQDV]NRQWDNWQDSU]\NáDG]HVSU]HGDZFZEDU]HV]\E NLFKGD]SHUVRQHOHPFHQWUXPKDQGORZHJRLVXSHUVNOHSXF]\WHOHPDUNHWHUHP WRQLHªSUDZG]LZD©LQWHUDNFMDPL G]\OXG(PLW\ONRLQWHUDNFMDV\PXORZDQD´ . *5LW]HU0DJLF]Q\ZLDWNRQVXPSFML:DUV]DZDV.

(3) 352%/(0<.2081,.$&-,632à(&=1(-. . 1DMJRUV]H*HQLHSUDZG]LZHLQWHUDNFMH]GDU]DMVL QLHW\ONRZÄZLW\QLDFK´ NRQVXPSFML:SUDF\ZV]NROHQDXF]HOQLDFKWDN*H]DFLHUDMVL Uy*QLFHPL G]\W\PFRXGDZDQHDW\PFRU]HF]\ZLVWH )\MHP\ Z FLJá\P SRSLHFKX ± ER ÄF]DV WR SLHQLG]´ ÄF]DV JRQL´ ER ÄV]NRGDF]DVX´VNRURPR*QDÄ]\VNDüQDF]DVLH´0áRG]LOXG]LH]RVWDMZáF]H QLZVWUHVXMF\S G]ZáDV]F]DWHQGRVXNFHVXW]ZZ\FLJV]F]XUyZ:DOF] RPLHMVFHZZ\EUDQHMV]NROHQDPRGQ\PNLHUXQNXVWXGLyZSy(QLHMRPLHMVFH SUDF\:DOF]WH*RU]HF]\±VWRMZNROHMNDFKZ\U\ZDMMHVRELH]UNQDZ\ SU]HGD*DFK]DFKZ\FDMVL QLPLZKLSHUPDUNHWDFK )\MHP\ Z VSRáHF]HVWZLH NRQVXPSF\MQ\P D ]DWHP SRWUDILP\ SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLPREFRZDü]SU]HGPLRWDPL7RSU]HGPLRWQDEUDáZ\PLDUXVDNUDOQHJR PR*QDJRNRQWHPSORZDüLPRGOLüVL GRQLHJR=ZáDV]F]DGODPáRGHJRF]áRZLH NDSU]HGPLRW\V(UyGáHPUDGRFLGEDRQLHGHF\GXMHVL SUDFRZDüE\MHPLHü 0R*QDE\QDZHWSRNXVLüVL RVWZLHUG]HQLH*H*\MHGODQLFK:\]QDMHUHOLJL NRQVXPSFMLÄ3LHOJU]\PXMH´GRFHQWUyZKDQGORZ\FKVXSHUVNOHSyZG\VNRQ WyZ 2ERZL]XMFG]L]DVDGQLHMHVWÄ&RJLWRHUJRVXP´DOERÄ$PRHUJR VXP´ $QL XP\Vá ]GROQRü P\OHQLD DQL WH* HPRFMH ]GROQRü NRFKDQLD QLH VWDQRZLRW\P*HMHVWVL EDUG]LHMOXEPQLHMF]áRZLHNLHP:VSyáF]HQLHMH VWHPUDF]HMQDW\OHQDLOHSRVLDGDP7RURG]DMLLORüSRVLDGDQ\FKSU]HGPLRWyZ RNUHOD PQLH SU]HG LQQ\PL Ä+DEHR HUJR VXP´ ± PDP ZL F MHVWHP -HVWHP ZL FUDF]HMVXEVWDQFMSRVLDGDMFQL*P\OFRGF]XZDMF,QQLSDWU]FQD PQLHRNUHODMPQLHSU]H]SU]HGPLRW\NWyU\PLVL RWDF]DP7RURG]DMSHUIXP NWyU\FKX*\ZDPGáXJRSLVNWyU\PUREL QRWDWNLF]\EXW\ZNWyU\FKELHJDP QDERLVNXVWDQRZLZ\VWDUF]DMFLQIRUPDFM GODRWRF]HQLDNLPMHVWHPLMDNL MHVWHP1LHZLHOHRVyESDWU]\G]LQDPQLHMDNQDÄ-D´DNVMRORJLF]QHUDF]HMMDN QDÄ-D´SRVLDGDMFHNRQVXPXMFH-HOLFKF E\üOHSLHMSRVWU]HJDQ\OXELDQ\FH QLRQ\WRPXV] ZL FHMSRVLDGDü=ZáDV]F]DGODOXG]LPáRG\FKSRVLDGDQLHVWDMH VL MHG\QV]DQVQDZ\ODQVRZDQLHVZRMHMRVRE\ZJUXSLHUyZLHQLNyZ. . &HQWUDKDQGORZHRSUyF]PR*OLZRFLGRNRQ\ZDQLD]DNXSyZJZDUDQWXMNRQVXPHQWRPUR]U\ZN =QDMG]LHP\ZQLFKNDZLDUQLHUHVWDXUDFMHNU JLHOQLHNOXE\ELODUGRZHVLáRZQLH. . 6XSHUVNOHS\ RIHUXM V]HURNL DVRUW\PHQW WRZDUyZ QDOH*F\FK GR RNUHORQHM JUXS\ QS SURGXNW\ VSRUWRZHSURGXNW\GODG]LHFL. . '\VNRQW\WRVNOHS\VSHFMDOL]XMFHVL ZVSU]HGD*\WDQLFKWRZDUyZ.

(4) .DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND/ NSU]HGÄLQQ\P±-D´F]\OLRZVSyáF]HVQ\P . =PLHQLáVL ZL FZ;;,ZLHNXPRGHOZLDWD1LHRERZL]XMHMX*PRGHO Rys. 1.0RGHOZLDWDZVSRáHF]HVWZLHQLH]GRPLQRZDQ\PSU]H]NRQVXPSFM. -$'58*,&=à2:,(. ,11, 'UyGáRZáDVQH Rys. 2. 0RGHOZLDWDZVSRáHF]HVWZLHNRQVXPSF\MQ\P. -HJRPLHMVFH]DM áDQRZDZHUVMDRNUHODMFDQDGU] GQHUHODFMH 35=('0,27 35=('0,27-$35=('0,27 35=('0,27 'UyGáRZáDVQH. 7R UHODFMD ] SU]HGPLRWDPL RNUHOD QDV]H ÄE\FLH Z ZLHFLH´ :\MDQLD P\ VLHELH L LQQ\FK SU]H] QDE\ZDQLH L NRQVXPRZDQLH )\MHP\ ZL F UDF]HM ZZLHFLHU]HF]\QL*OXG]L=DSRPLQDP\*HRERNQDVLVWQLHMÄLQQH-DŃWyUH SRGREQLHMDNP\

(5) VSRGPLRWHPZLDWD 7UDNWXMHP\FRUD]F] FLHMÄLQQH-D´MDNSU]HGPLRW\NWyUHWU]HED]GRE\ü Z\NRU]\VWDü MDNR LQVWUXPHQW GOD ZáDVQ\FK FHOyZ XSRNRU]\ü ÄSRVLDGDü´ )D VF\QDFMDU]HF]DPLSRGGDZDQLHVL NRQVXPSF\MQHMILOR]RILLRVáDELDXPLHM WQRü ZFKRG]HQLDZUHODFM ]GUXJLPF]áRZLHNLHP=DF]\QDP\SDWU]HüQDVLHELHQLH QDZLVWQ\PXSU]HGPLRWDZLDMF\PVSRMU]HQLHP0R*QDE\U]HF±VSRMU]HQLHP 6DUWUH¶RZVNLPÄ'UXJLSDWU]FQDPQLHSRVLDGDPQLH3RVLDGDERZLHPVHNUHW PRMHJRE\WX7RSRVLDGDQLHWRQLFLQQHJRMDNZLDGRPRüSRVLDGDQLDPQLH-D X]QDMFPRMSU]HGPLRWRZRüGRZLDGF]DPWHJR*HGUXJLPDW ZáDQLHZLD GRPRü']L NLWHPXGUXJLMHVWGODPQLHMHGQRF]HQLHW\PNWRXNUDGáPLPyM E\WLW\PNWRVSUDZLD*HMHVWE\WNWyU\PMHVWHP´ . 0- GUDV]HZVNL:SRV]XNLZDQLXQRZHJRKXPDQL]PX-36DUWUH(/HYLQDV.UDNyZ.

(6) 352%/(0<.2081,.$&-,632à(&=1(-. . 3RGVWDZRZ\PZHZQ WU]Q\PNRQIOLNWHPZVSyáF]HVQHJRF]áRZLHNDVWDMH VL NRQIOLNWPL G]\E\FLHPRVREDE\FLHPZZLHFLH%\FLHRVRER]QDF]D *HMHVWHPLVWRWZROQVDPRVWDQRZLFDFRQDMZD*QLHMV]HJá ERNRRVDG]R QZZLHFLHZDUWRFL%\FLHZZLHFLHMHVW]DUyZQR]QDF]QH]XF]\QLHQLHP ]VLHELHF]áRQNDNRQVXPXMFHMPDV\2]QDF]DZL FWH*DXWRPDW\]P]DFKRZD SXVWN GXFKRZ :V]\VF\ VWDM VL WDF\ VDPL 0DNGRQDOG\]DFMD GRW\F]\ MX* QLHW\ONRSU]HGVL ELRUVWZLQVW\WXFMLVLHFLUHVWDXUDFMLJG]LHZV]\VWNRMHVWMHG QDNRZHDND*G\PDRNUHORQHPLHMVFH]DGDQLHZLHQDZHWFRPDSRZLHG]LHü :VSyáF]HVQ\F]áRZLHN]RVWDMHÄZU]XFRQ\´ZSHZLHQVFKHPDWWDN*HWHQHSLVWH PRORJLF]Q\LDNVMRORJLF]Q\=ZáDV]F]DOXG]LHPáRG]LVÄ]QX*HQL´WDNLPZLD WHPGXV]VL DXWRPDW\]PHPSRZWDU]DOQRFLF]\QQRFL0áRG]LQLHZLG] SHUVSHNW\ZQDSU]HáDPDQLHPDUD]PXQXG\V]DURFL5RG]LVL ZQLFK]ZWSLH QLHLSRF]XFLHEH]VHQVXHJ]\VWHQFML1DZHWEXQWF] VWRQLHSU]\QRVLXNRMHQLD &RUD]EDUG]LHMSRZV]HFKQHVWDMVL ]DáDPDQLDGHSUHVMHVDPREyMVWZD0áRG]L QLHXPLHME\üV]F] OLZ\PL6\]\IDPL$XWRPDW\]PSUDF\V]NRá\E\ZDZL F SU]HU\ZDQ\DXWRPDW\]PHPUR]U\ZNL8F]QLRZLHLVWXGHQFLQDMF] FLHMZ\ELH UDMG]LNOXE\WHFKQRZNWyU\FKZV]\VF\SRGREQLHXEUDQLSU]H]NLONDJRG]LQ SRUXV]DMVL ZMHGQ\PU\WPLH1LHNWyU]\Z\ELHUDMDONRKROOXEQDUNRW\NLE\ SRF]XüZROQRüNUHDFM (IHNWMHVWRGZURWQ\±ZSDGDMZDXWRPDW\]PQDáR JX 7UXGQR G]L E\áRE\ REURQLü WH] *H *\MHP\ ZUyG OXG]L V]F] OLZ\FK 'RW\NDQDVUDF]HMGUDPDWVDPRWQRFL±ZWáXPLHZURG]LQLH,PZL FHMRERN QDVRVyEW\PEDUG]LHMMHVWHP\VDPRWQL']LPR*QDXPU]HüZWáXPLHLQLNW WHJRQLH]DXZD*\FK\ED*HQLHSU]\MHPQ\]DSDFKVWDQLHVL GRNXF]OLZ\1DZL GRNOH*FHJRQDXOLF\F]áRZLHND]DWU]\PXMHVL QLHZLHOXS G]F\FKOXG]L&]D VHPPáRG]LGHF\GXMVL SRSHáQLüVDPREyMVWZRUHMHVWURZDQHGURJLQWHUQHWR Z:\V\áDMVPV\GRSU]\SDGNRZ\FKRVyE]LQIRUPDFMÄZáDQLHRGELHUDP VRELH*\FLH´&]DVHPSURV]RHXWDQD]M MDNFDáNRZLFLH]DOH*Q\RGDSDUDWXU\ PHG\F]QHM-DQXV]ZLWDM$QLHMHVWWRQLFLQQHJRMDNNU]\NUR]SDF]\ZRáDQLH R SRPRF D ZáDFLZLH ZRáDQLH R GUXJLHJR F]áRZLHND 7\ONR RVRERZH VSRWND QLHMHVWV]DQVQDQRZHDNVMRORJLF]QLHSU]HNV]WDáFRQH*\FLH6SRWNDQLHMHVWWH* Z\GDU]HQLHPNWyUHSR]ZDODVSRMU]HüQDZLDWÄQDQRZR´LQDF]HMQDLQQ\P SR]LRPLHSR]ZDODRGVáRQLüQRZHREV]DU\E\WX . =RE*5LW]HU0DNGRQDOG\]DFMDVSRáHF]HVWZD:DUV]DZD 3UDFRZQLF\ZLHOXVLHFLUHVWDXUDFMLVNOHSyZILUPZPRPHQFLH]DWUXGQLHQLDRWU]\PXMJRWRZHLQ. . . . VWUXNFMHRNUHODMFHFRLMDNPRJSRZLHG]LHüNRPXQLNXMFVL ]NOLHQWHP1LHPDWXPLHMVFDQD WRFRLQG\ZLGXDOQH -DQXV]ZLWDMWRSLHUZV]\3RODNNWyU\]áR*\áGRVGXZQLRVHNRXPR*OLZLHQLHPXGRNRQDQLDHXWD QD]ML.

(7) .DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND/ NSU]HGÄLQQ\P±-D´F]\OLRZVSyáF]HVQ\P . 0\O *HG]LVLDMQDMEDUG]LHMRGF]XZDOQDMHVWQLHREHFQRü GUXJLHJRF]áR ZLHND 'ODWHJR WH* QDGU] GQ\P ]DGDQLHP QDV]\FK F]DVyZ MHVW ]QDOH]LHQLH SáDV]F]\]Q\PL G]\OXG]NLHMRZHJRÄSRPL G]\´6WUDV]Q\WRZLDWZNWyU\P EUDN ZVSyáRGF]XZDQLD PR*OLZRFL G]LHOHQLD VL UDGRFLDPL L VPXWNLHP /H NDUVWZHP QD ZLHOH ZVSyáF]HVQ\FK FKRUyE GROHJOLZRFL MHVW GUXJL F]áRZLHN 3L NQLHXMáWR0RXQLHUÄ2VREDLVWQLHMHW\ONR]ZUDFDMFVL NXGUXJLHPXF]áR ZLHNRZLW\ONRSRSU]H]GUXJLHJRF]áRZLHNDPR*HVLHELHSR]QDüW\ONRSRSU]H] GUXJLHJRF]áRZLHNDPR*HVLHELHRGQDOH(ü3LHUZRWQ\PGRZLDGF]HQLHPRVRE\ MHVWGRZLDGF]HQLHGUXJLHMRVRE\7\D]QLPP\SRSU]HG]DMDOXEFRQDMPQLHM MDWRZDU]\V]\´ 3U]H*\ZDQLH VSRWND MHVW F]\P QDMEDUG]LHM RF]\ZLVW\P L UHDOQ\P Z]DNUHVLHUHODFMLPL G]\OXG]NLFKÄ'RZLDGF]HQLHVSRWNDQLDFLOHMSU]H*\ FLHVSRWNDQLDZSURZDG]DWHJRNWRVSRW\NDZMDNMHG\QZVZRLPURG]DMX RVRELVWSUDZG VSRWNDQHJRF]áRZLHND «

(8) 6SRW\NDMFZLHP*HLQQ\F]áRZLHN MHVW*HMHVWZREHFPQLHWDNLPMDNLPMHVWQDSUDZG EH]PDVHNL]DVáRQ «

(9) 3U]H*\FLHVSRWNDQLDMHVWQLHW\ONRV]F]\WRZ\PURG]DMHPGRZLDGF]HQLDLQQHJR F]áRZLHNDDOHUyZQLH*V]F]\WHPGRZLDGF]HZRJyOH´ $XWHQW\F]QH VSRWNDQLH MHVW ]D PR*OLZH W\ONR ÄWZDU] Z WZDU]´ 7\ONR ZWDNLPVSRWNDQLXPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]RWZDUFLHPQDPHWDIL]\F]Q\Z\PLDU OXG]NLHJRE\WXF]\OLWRFRLVWRWQHDEVROXWQHZLHF]QH7ZDU]GUXJLHJRZ]\ZD GRRGSRZLHG]LDOQRFLZRáDÄQLH]DELMDMPQLH´ÄQLHPR*HV]PQLHNU]\ZG]Lü´ ÄRF]HNXM WZRMHJRV]DFXQNX´1LFG]LZQHJR*HPáRG]LZ\ELHUDMNRPXQLND FM PHFKDQLF]Q±PDLOHVPV\1LHF]XMVL G]L NLWHPXRGSRZLHG]LDOQL7R SU]HFLH*MHG\QLH]DEDZDJRWRZ\PL]QDNDPLIRUPXáDPLSXVW\PLV\PERODPL 1DZHW ZLWHF]QH *\F]HQLD Z\V\áDM WDNLH VDPH GR ZV]\VWNLFK ÄSU]\MDFLyá´ NRU]\VWDMF]JRWRZHJRV]DEORQX3U]HVWDMUR]XPLHüQDF]\PSROHJDZ\MWNR ZRüND*GHMRVRE\3U]\MDFLyáMDNSURGXNWyZV]XNDMZÄPDJD]\QDFK´7DN IXQNFM SHáQL Uy*QH SRUWDOH , WDN QS QD ]QDQ\P SUDZLH ZV]\VWNLP SRUWDOX Ä1DV]D.ODVD´WUZDVZRLVWDOLF\WDFMDNRPXXGDVL Ä]JURPDG]Lü´ZL NV]OLF] E ]QDMRP\FK.WRQLHPDGZXVWXWU]\VWXÄSU]\MDFLyá´QLHPDV]DQVQDRVLJ QL FLHZ\VRNLHMSR]\FMLZJURQLHUyZLHQLNyZ0LDQHP]QDMRP\FKSU]\MDFLyá RNUHODVL OXG]LREF\FK]NWyU\PLQLJG\QDZHWVL QLHUR]PDZLDáR1LHFKLQ IRUPDFMD*HW\VLFH3RODNyZZSLVXMH-R]LQD]%D]LQMDNRVZHJRSU]\MDFLHOD Z\VWDUF]\]DNRPHQWDU] . (0RXQLHU Wprowadzenie do egzystencjalizmów,.UDNyZV -7LVFKQHU6SRWNDQLHZKRU\]RQFLH]áD.UDNyZV 1DILOR]RILL7ZDU]\VNXSLDVL FDáDP\O/HYLQDVD:\UD(QLHZVND]XMHRQ*HUHODFMD]7ZDU]MHVW. . W]NWyUHMZ\QLNDMZV]\VWNLHLQQHUHODFMH'RZLDGF]HQLH7ZDU]\MHVWZHGáXJQLHJRGRZLDGF]H QLHPHW\F]Q\PDQLHHSLVWHPRORJLF]Q\P=RE0- GUDV]HZVNLW poszukiwaniu….

(10) . 352%/(0<.2081,.$&-,632à(&=1(-. -HGQRMHVWSHZQH±PáRG]LQLHGRZLDGF]DMHSLIDQLL7ZDU]\1LHZLHG] *HWZDU]WRQLHW\ONRGREU]HOXE(OHZ\NRQDQ\PDNLMD*PáRG]LHF]HSU\V]F]H DOH*HMHVWZQLZSLVDQ\Z\*V]\PHWDIL]\F]Q\SRU]GHN:7ZDU]\MHVWSUDZ GD $ QDZHW ZL FHM ± 7ZDU] MHVW PDQLIHVWDFM SUDZG\ E\WX 'ODWHJR ZáDQLH VSRWNDQLHWZDU]ZWZDU]MHVWWDNWUXGQHLU\]\NRZQH6WDMHP\ERZLHPQDSU]H FLZVLHELHZSHZQ\PVHQVLHQDG]\.WRPR*HQDVZ\PLDüDOERVNU]\ZG]Lü 3UDZGD ]DZV]H MHVW Z SHZQ\P VWRSQLX U\]\NRZQD 6SDUDOL*RZDQL VWUDFKHP ERLP\VL ZL FVSRMU]H=DVáDQLDP\WZDU]RVWU\PPDNLMD*HPFLHPQ\PLRNX ODUDPLGX*\PNDSHOXV]HPOXEF]DSN]GDV]NLHP=DVáRQ\LUROHW\]DVáDQLDM ]DV]F]HOQLHQDV]HRNQD :DUXQNLHP ]D GRZLDGF]HQLD 7ZDU]\ LQQHJR MHVW RGVáRQL FLH VZRMHM 7ZDU]\SR]ZROHQLHGUXJLHPXF]áRZLHNRZLQDGRWNQL FLHWDMHPQLF\:SUDZ G]LZ\PVSRWNDQLXF]áRZLHNGDQ\MHVWQDPEH]SRUHGQLRW]QQLHMHJRREUD] ZL]MDF]\NWRNWRJRUHSUH]HQWXMH 'ODWHJRWDNF] VWROXG]LHPáRG]LQLHXPLHMVL SUDZG]LZLHVSRWNDü&R UD] F] FLHM ERZLHP XZD*DM *H V W\P F]\P Z U]HF]\ZLVWRFL QLH V 1LH PDMSRF]XFLDZáDVQHMWR*VDPRFL7RLQQLLFKVWZDU]DMNV]WDáWXM2QLVDPL SU]HJOGDMVL MDNZOXVWU]HZUHNODPLHNRORURZ\FKPDJD]\QDFKZ\EUDQ\FK SRUWDODFKLQWHUQHWRZ\FK8FLHNDMZPDVNL]DVáRQ\JU\1DPL WQLHF]\WDMSR UDG\±MDNXGDZDüZ]ZL]NXZSUDF\ZURG]LQLH0áRG]LVWDMVL SURMHNWHP ]UHDOL]RZDQ\PSU]H]LQQ\FK,ZJá ELVHUFDRGF]XZDMQLHDXWHQW\F]QRüVZR MHMHJ]\VWHQFML&]XM*HSRKHLGHJJHURZVNX]RVWDOLÄU]XFHQLZZLDW´0RJOLE\ PLDáRSRZWyU]\üVáRZDÄ*\MHVL ´ PDQOHEW

(11) Ä)\MHVL ´ZQXPHURZDQ\FKSX VWHOQLDFKZEORNRZLVNDFKÄ*\MHVL ´]NRPSOHNVDPLÄ*\MHVL ÉH]DXWRU\WHWyZ LÄ*\MHVL ´]DWURILZROL.

(12) .DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND/ NSU]HGÄLQQ\P±-D´F]\OLRZVSyáF]HVQ\P . =DS\WDáDPVWXGHQWyZF]\PMHVWGODQLFKVSRWNDQLH RWRMDNLHSRMD ZLá\VL RGSRZLHG]L Rys. 3. 'HILQLFMDVSRWNDQLDQDSRGVWDZLHZ\QLNyZEDGDDQNLHWRZ\FK SU]HSURZDG]RQ\FKZUyGVWXGHQWyZ 7%. 3%. 3% 21%. 9%. 9% 19% 13% 16% relacja osobowa (cel: komunikacja, rozmowa) - 21%. zgromadzenie si ludzi w celach rozrywkowych - 9%. celowe lub przypadkowe przebywanie w tym samym miejscu i czasie osób, zwierzt, przedmiotów - 19%. fizyczne obcowanie z drugim czáowiekiem - 9%. obecnoü pewnej grupy ludzi w okrelonym miejscu i czasie - 16% zgromadzenie si co najmniej dwojga ludzi, najcz ciej w celu osigni cia ró*nych korzyci - 13%. sp dzenie czasu w towarzystwie kogo - 7% powi cenie czasu innemu czáowiekowi - 3% inne - 3%. 6SRWNDQLH WR EH] ZWSLHQLD Z\GDU]HQLH SU]H*\FLH NWyUH RWZLHUD QRZ\ HSLVWHPRORJLF]Q\LDNVMRORJLF]Q\KRU\]RQW'ODSUDZLHSURFPáRG\FKOXG]L VSRWNDQLHGRW\F]\QLHW\ONRUHODFMLRVRERZ\FK5yZQRU] GQHVGODQLFKUHODFMH SRGPLRW ± SRGPLRW L SRGPLRW ± SU]HGPLRW 0R*QD ZL F VSRWNDü IDMQ U]HF] XEUDQLHJDG*HW0áRG]LSLV]Ä8ZLHOELDPVSRW\NDüFLHNDZHSU]HGPLRW\QD VZRMHMGURG]H*\FLD´Ä1DMF] FLHMVSRW\NDPIDMQHSU]HGPLRW\´Ä=GHF\GRZD QLHPR*QDREHFQLHVSRWNDüLQWHUHVXMFHU]HF]\´3U]HGPLRWVWDMHVL FLHNDZV]\ SR]QDZF]RQL*F]áRZLHN =DG]LZLDPQLHQLHWR*HPáRG]LRGF]\WXMVSRWNDQLHMDNRVZHJRURG]DMX SU]H*\FLH GRW\F]FH QLH W\ONR RVyE =DG]LZLD UDF]HM IDNW *H ]DEUDNáR RGSR ZLHG]LZVND]XMF\FKQDPR*OLZRüVSRWNDQLDVDFUXPZHZVSyáF]HVQ\PZLH FLHFKRüUHODFMD%yJ±F]áRZLHNWRSLHUZRZ]yU DUFKHW\S

(13) ZV]\VWNLFKVSRWND 0áRG]LQLHÄVSRW\NDMVL ´WH*]QDWXUDQLV]WXNWUDG\FMLQQ\PLNXOWXUD PL&RG]LHQQRüSRGSRU]GNRZXMXW\OLWDUQ\PLKHGRQLVW\F]Q\PZDUWRFLRP ZVND]DQ\ FHO VSRWNDQLD UR]U\ZND OXE SRWU]HED RVLJQL FLD MDNL NRU]\FL

(14) . %DGDQLH DQNLHWRZH SU]HSURZDG]RQH ]RVWDáR ZUyG VWXGHQWyZ XF]HOQL SDVWZRZ\FK LQLHSDVWZRZ\FK Z%LHOVNX%LDáHML.DWRZLFDFK

(15) $QNLHWRZDQLE\OLZZLHNXODW. . 2GSRZLHG]LDQNLHWRZDQ\FKVWXGHQWyZSU]\WDF]DPZGRNáDGQ\PEU]PLHQLX.

(16) 352%/(0<.2081,.$&-,632à(&=1(-. . =XSHáQLHRSDF]QLHUR]XPLHMHSLNXUHMVNLHZH]ZDQLHGRUDGRFL*\FLD=DPLDVW RJUDQLF]DüVZRMHSRWU]HE\PQR*MH=DPLDVWFHQLüWRFRZHZQ WU]QHNRFKDM WR FR RGF]XZDOQH ]P\VáHP Z]URNX =DPLDVW SU]\MD(QLü VL ] OXG(PL FHQL VRELHSU]HE\ZDQLHZUyGU]HF]\ &]áRZLHN WR FRPSRVLWXP GXV]\ L FLDáD -HGQDN D* SURF PáRG\FK OX G]LUR]XPLHVSRWNDQLHW\ONRLZ\áF]QLHZNDWHJRULDFKIL]\F]QHJRREFRZDQLD &] VWRZL FG]LHMHVL WDN*HPáRG]LQLHZLHG]MDNRSDUWQHU]\QLFRVRELHQLH ]QDMVZRLFKSRJOGyZKLHUDUFKLLZDUWRFL0DáRWHJR±F] VWRQLH]QDMQDZHW VZRLFKLPLRQ1LHSU]HV]NDG]DWRMHGQDNZÄVDW\VIDNFMRQXMFHMÉOLVNRFLIL ]\F]QHM5R]XPXMFSRIUHXGRZVNX±SR]ZDODMG]LDáDüLG$OERZ\ELHUDMWR FRáDWZLHMV]HàDWZLHMSR]QDüERZLHPFLHOHVQRüQL*VWDQ\SV\FKLF]QH3R]QD QLH]HZQ WU]QH]DVW SXMHSR]QDQLHZHZQ WU]QH 6SRWNDQLH ] GUXJLP F]áRZLHNLHP SU]HVWDáR E\ü XSUDJQLRQ\P Z\GDU]H QLHP =UHV]W Z RJyOH F]HNDQLH XWUDFLáR VZRM ZDUWRü ']L FKFHP\ PLHü ZV]\VWNRMX*WHUD]QDW\FKPLDVW-HVWÄPDJLF]QDŃDUWDNUHG\WRZDSR*\F]ND ÄFKZLOyZND´:V]\VWNRSRWRE\QLHF]HNDüQDVSHáQLHQLHPDU]H1DOXG]LWH* MX*VL QLHF]HND-HOLZ\MH*G*DMQSZFHODFK]DURENRZ\FKQDVW SXMHZ\ PLDQDSDUWQHUyZSU]\MDFLyá'UXJLF]áRZLHNMHVWZL FUDF]HMNLPNRJRPR*QD Z\NRU]\VWDüGRáDWZLHMV]HJR]RUJDQL]RZDQLDVRELHHJ]\VWHQFMLQL*RVRENWyUD IDVF\QXMHNWyUHMVL VáXFKDLNWyUVL V]DQXMH -DNLH SRVWDZ\ XPR*OLZLDM ZL F DXWHQW\F]QH VSRWNDQLH" =DGDáDP WDNLH S\WDQLHDQNLHWRZDQ\PVWXGHQWRP2WRFRPáRG]LOXG]LHZVND]DOLMDNRZDUXQHN GRZLDGF]HQLDSUDZG]LZHJRVSRWNDQLD. . .DUWD NUHG\WRZD WR QDMSRSXODUQLHMV]H QDU] G]LH GR NRQVXPSFML URG]DM QDFLVNX E\ MDN QDMGáX*HM ]DWU]\PDüQDVZFHQWUDFKKDQGORZ\FK:\*V]HOLPLW\SURSR]\FMHÄZDNDFMLSáDWQLF]\FK´LQG\ZL GXDOQHNDUW\]H]GM FLHPXNRFKDQHMRVRE\RND]XMVL EDUG]RSU]HNRQXMFH.

(17) .DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND/ NSU]HGÄLQQ\P±-D´F]\OLRZVSyáF]HVQ\P Rys. 4.:DUXQNLNWyUHPXV]]RVWDüVSHáQLRQHE\GRV]áRGRDXWHQW\F]QHJRVSRWNDQLD ZRSDUFLXRZ\QLNLEDGDDQNLHWRZ\FK

(18) 5%. 1% 1% 1%. 7% 32% 14%. 18% 21% otwarcie na drugiego - 32%. szacunek dla innych - 21%. cz ciowa rezygnacja z wáasnej odr bnoci - 18%. tolerancja - 14%. zawierzenie si drugiemu czáowiekowi - 7%. zaufanie - 5%. umiej tnoü komunikacji i wyznaczania wáasnych granic - 1%. biznesowe zapoznanie - 1%. dyspozycyjnoü - 1%. 2ND]XMHVL ZL F*HPáRG]LPDMDEVROXWQZLDGRPRüWHJRMDNLHZD UXQNLPXV]]RVWDüVSHáQLRQHE\PyZLüRSU]H*\FLXRVRERZHMUHODFML:LHG] WH*GODF]HJRQLHND*G\MHVW]GROQ\GRVSRWNDQLD6SRWNDQLHZ\PDJDERZLHP SDWU]HQLD QD GUXJLHJR QLHSU]HGPLRWRZR Z\PDJD ]JRG\ QD UHODFM SRGPLRW ± SRGPLRW :DUXQNLHP DXWHQW\F]QHJR VSRWNDQLD MHVW WH* SRVWDZD RWZDUWRFL LV]F]HURFLDZL FVZHJRURG]DMXQDJRüRGU]XFHQLHVWHUHRW\SyZHJRL]PX 7U]HEDXPLHüVRELHSRZLHG]LHüÄ-HVWHGODPQLHMHG\Q\'DM &LVZRMH]DDQJD *RZDQLH6áXFKDP&L ´3DUWQHUGLDORJXQLHG*\GRSRGSRU]GNRZDQLDVRELH GUXJLHJRDUDF]HM]DZLHU]DPXVLHELHF] FLRZRUH]\JQXMF]ZáDVQHMRGU E QRFL1DMZD*QLHMV]HMHVWMHGQDNRWZDUFLHQDWDMHPQLF NWyUF]áRZLHNRGVáDQLD ZF]DVLHVSRWNDQLD.

(19) 352%/(0<.2081,.$&-,632à(&=1(-. . 2WRMDNRGSRZLHG]LHOLVWXGHQFLQDS\WDQLHÄ&RPRJGDü&LVSRWNDQLD" -DNLHVVNXWNLHIHNW\VSRWND" Rys. 5. (IHNW\DXWHQW\F]Q\FKVSRWND ZRSDUFLXRZ\QLNLEDGDDQNLHWRZ\FK

(20) 1% 2% 3% 3%. 21%. 6% 7%. 9% 19% 11% 18% RGNU\ZDQLHWDMHPQLF\GUXJLHJRF]áRZLHND LQJHURZDQLHLQQ\FKZPRMRVRERZRü SU]HNRQDQLD UR]SDGPRMHMRVRERZRFL SRGZSá\ZHPLQQ\FK

(21) %. PR*OLZDZVSyOQDUHDOL]DFMDSURMHNWyZ G]LRSáDFDVL VSRW\NDü

(22) RSW\PL]P PR*OLZRüXF]HQLDVL RGLQQ\FK. UDGRüE\FLD]LQQ\PL. ]\VNDQLHLQVSLUDFML. EUDNSRF]XFLDVDPRWQRFL. ZL FHMSRZRGyZE\QLHQDZLG]LüZLDW. RJUDQLF]HQLHPRMHMZROQRFL. PLáHVS G]HQLHF]DVXZWRZDU]\VWZLH. 0áRG]L]GDMZL FVRELHVSUDZ *HVSRWNDQLHPR*HE\ü(UyGáHPUDGRFL RSW\PL]PXVLá\V]DQVQDRGNU\ZDQLHZQ WU]DGUXJLHJRF]áRZLHND(UyGáHP LQVSLUDFML -HGQRF]HQLH Z\UD(QLH ERM VL UH]\JQDFML ] MHGQRZ\PLDURZRFL ZáDVQHMHJ]\VWHQFMLLDXWHQW\F]QHJRE\FLD]LQQ\PL8ZD*DM*HLVWQLHMHGX*H U\]\NR*HQDVWSLUR]SDGLFKRVRERZRFLSU]HNRQD0DMZUD*HQLH*HLQQL E GFKFLHOLQDGQLPLSDQRZDü1DMEDUG]LHMERMVL ZL FXWUDW\ZROQRFL:\ GDZDáRE\VL ZL F*HWRZDUWRüV]F]HJyOQLHGODQLFKFHQQD1LFEDUG]LHMP\O QHJR -HGQRF]HQLH ERZLHP GHNODUXM *H LFK XOXELRQ IRUP VS G]DQLD ZRO QHJRF]DVXVÄZ\FLHF]NL´GRFHQWUyZKDQGORZ\FK=DWHPFLNWyU]\ERMVL VSRWNDWZDU]ZWZDU]ERLQJHUXMZLFKRVRERZRüVS G]DMZLHOHJRG]LQ ZHVSyáF]HVQ\FKSDQRSWLNRQDFK*RG]VL SU]HFLH*QDUHMHVWURZDQLHLFKUX FKyZSU]H]VHWNLNDPHUQDJURPDG]HQLHZLHOXLQIRUPDFML R]DURENDFKXSRGR EDQLDFK]DNXSRZ\FKDQDZHWIRUPDFKVS G]DQLDF]DVX

(23) ZED]DFKGDQ\FK6WDM . 3DQRSW\NRQWRIRUPDZL ]LHQLDZ\P\ORQDSU]H]-HUHP\'HJR%HQWKDPD-HVWWRRNUJáDEXGRZOD NWyUHMPLHMVFHFHQWUDOQH±URGHNVWDQRZLSRPLHV]F]HQLHGODVWUD*QLNyZ3RPLHV]F]HQLHWRSRVLDGD RNQDZ\FKRG]FHQDZV]\VWNLHVWURQ\W\PVDP\PSR]ZDODQDREVHUZDFM ZL (QLyZ:L (QLRZLH QDWRPLDVWQLHZLG]VWUD*QLNyZ.

(24) .DWDU]\QD:DORWHNFLDVND/ NSU]HGÄLQQ\P±-D´F]\OLRZVSyáF]HVQ\P . VL ZL FREVHUZRZDQ\PLLHZLGHQFMRQRZDQ\PLZL (QLDPLZSDQRSWLNRQLH1LH áDWZRRSXFLüWDNLHPLHMVFH'RVáRZQLH±ERZKLSHUPDUNHWDFKF]\VXSHUVNOH SDFKQLHZLHOHMHVWZ\Mü F]DVHPWU]HEDSU]HMüVHWNLPHWUyZ±FDá\VNOHS]RED F]\üZV]\VWNLHSURGXNW\E\GRWU]HüGRGU]ZLZ\MFLRZ\FKVWU]H*RQ\FKSU]H] VWUD*QLNyZ

(25) 0HQWDOQLH ± ER QDVWSLá SURFHV ÄNRQVXPSF\MQHJR ]QLHZROHQLD´ 5HNODP\PyZLPáRG\PMDNLHPDMSRWU]HE\:áDFLFLHOHVNOHSyZLSURGXFHQ FLVSUDZXMNRQWURO QDGLFKXP\VáHP3RSU]H]RNUHORQHXVWDZLHQLHWRZDUyZ ZLDWáDZáF]DQPX]\N RIHURZDQLHÄJUDWLVyZ´SRGZLDGRPLHZSá\ZDMQD GHF\]MHPáRG\FKOXG]L1LHPDZWSOLZRFLFRGRWHJR*HLFKZROQRü]RVWDMH RJUDQLF]RQD .LHG\WDNREVHUZXM ELHJDMF\FKZNRáRUHJDáyZOXG]L]DJOGDMF\FKVR ELH GR NRV]\NyZ VWRMF\FK Z NROHMNDFK E\ GRVWSLü Ä]DV]F]\WX´ GHJXVWDFML NDZDáNDVHUDSU]\FKRG]LPLQDP\OMHV]F]HMHGQDPHWDIRUD-HOLWRQLHMHVW ZL ]LHQLHWRQDSHZQRV]SLWDOSV\FKLDWU\F]Q\ )\MHP\ZF]DVDFKZNWyU\FKQDSUDZG WUXGQRSR]RVWDüKRPRVDSLHQV /XG]LHXF]VL G]LODWDPLWHFKQLNPDQLSXODFMLVWHURZDQLDGHF\]MDPLLQQ\FK 6WDMVL ÄHJ]\VWHQFMDPLGODVLHELH´XSDMDMF\PLVL VZRMPRFQDGU]HF]DPL L OXG(PL 7UXGQR G]L ZL F VWDQü QDSU]HFLZ ÄLQQHJR-D´ Z SUDZG]LH : WD NLP ZLHFLH ZDOND R DXWHQW\F]QH VSRWNDQLD VWDMH VL Z U]HF]\ZLVWRFL ZDON RVHQV. 6800$5< 7KLV DUWLFOH LV D WULDO WR ILQG UHDVRQV RI WKH PRGHUQ GLDORJXH FULVLV 7KHDXWKRUGHILQHVLQWHUDFWLRQVWKDWWDNHSODFHZLWKLQWKHFRQVXPHULVW VRFLHW\6KHVKRZKRZWKHD[LRORJLFDO³6HOI´LVEHLQJUHSODFHGE\WKH SRVVHVVLQJ³6HOI´ KDEHRHUJRVXP

(26) 6KHSURYHVWKDWWKHVWUXJJOHIRU DQDXWKHQWLFPHHWLQJLVLQWKHHVVHQFHDVWUXJJOHIRUVHQVH 7KHDXWKRUGHILQHVWKHQRWLRQRID³PHHWLQJÉDVLQJRQDTXHVWLRQQDLUHVXUYH\PDGHDPRQJVWXGHQWVRISXEOLFDQGSULYDWHXQLYHUVLWLHV 6KH LQGLFDWHV DWWLWXGHV HQDEOLQJ UHDO PHHWLQJV DQG WKHLU FRQVHTXHQ ces. .(<:25'6 meeting, dialogue crisis, consumerist society.

(27)