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no Bonpocy O TOM, SIBJIS!eTCSI J111 Sl3bIK xy,UO)KeCTBeHHOH J111TepaTypbl O,UHl1M 113 cpyHKLJ.110H3JlbHblX CTl1Jieił pycCKoro J111TepaTypHOro Sl3b!Ka, O>Kl1BJieHHbie cnopbl BeJil1Cb oco6eHHO aKTl1BHO BO BpeMSI 11 nocne )ll1CKYCCl111 no BonpocaM CTl1J111CTl1Kl1
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3aMeTl1M, 'ITO a .n:ecj)HHHU.HH no.n:'lepKHYTO, 'ITO cj)yHKU.HOHanbHblH CTHnb -a) KaTerop1rn HCTOpH'-leCKH o6ycnoaneHH8SI H 11CTOpH'-1eCKl1 H3MeH'-111BaSI; 6) '-ITO 3TO CTHnb 11MeHHO Sl3b1Ka, B) np11'-1eM TOnbKO mnepaTypHoro; r) OTMe4eHa ero 3KCTpamrnrBHCTJ1'-leCKaSI o6ycnoaneHHOCTb, .n:) CHCTeMHaSI opraH11Jau.11S1 Sl3blKOBblX cpeJJ.CTB 11 e) OTHOCHTenbH8SI 3aMKHYTOCTb 3TOH Sl3bIKOBOH CHCTeMbl. CneJJ,OBaTeJihHO, OTCYTCTBl1e y paccMaTpHBaeMoro cpeHOMeHa KaKoro-n1160 H3 nepe'-IHCneHHblX npH3HaKOB y)l(e He TI03BOnSleT roaop11Tb O ero npHHaJJ,ne)l(HOCTH K '-IHCny cj)yHKU.HOHanbHbIX cnrneii COBpeMeHHOfO pyccKoro nHTepaTypHoro Sl3b1Ka.
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1983: 79).
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1 963: 5).
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O6paw.asi BHl1MaH11e Ha oco6y10 - 3CTeT111..JeCKYIO - cpyHKI.J.1110 Sl3bIKa xy.n:.o)l{eCTBeHHOH Jl11TepaTypbl, CT0p0HHHKl1 nepBOH T01..!Kl1 3pemrn (B 1..1acTHOCT11, M . H . Ko)l(11Ha) ,n;erraIOT Bhrno.n:., 1..!T0 0Tp11u.aH11e «xy,n;o )l(ecrneHHoro CTHJlSI» SIK06b! 06e,n;HS1eT Hawe npe,n;CTaBJleH11e o cpyHKU.HS!X Sl3hIKa. Bo-nepBbIX, 01..1eHh Ba)l(Ha nonpaBKa
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MaKCl1MOBa, 1..1To SI3hIK xy,no)l{eCTBeHHOH Jll1TepaTypbl Bhin0JlHS!eT He np0CT0 3CTeT111..1ecKy10 <pyHKI.J.11łO, a «3CTeTl11..!eCKl1 0Tpa)l(eHHYIO KOMMYHHKaTl1BHYłO cpyHKU.HIO», 1..!T0 ropa3,no T01..!Hee 11 1..!TO cpa3y CTaBHT 113y1..1aeMblH cpeHOMeH B Sl3bIKOBOHKOHTeKCT (MaKCHMOB
1975).
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H3 ero COCTaBa 513b!K xy,no)l{eCTBeHHOH nHTepaTypb! BOBCe He HCKTIIOYaeTC51. Kor.na rOBOpHTC51 O MHO)l(eCTBe QlYHKUHH HQl,/UOHQJ/bH020 Jl3b/KQ, TO cpe,nH HHX HenpeMeHHO 6y,neT Ha3BaHa H «3CTeTHYeCKH OTpa)l(eHHa51 KOMMYHHKaTHBHa51 <PYHKUHH». Cne,noBaTenbHO, Hanwme TaKOH oco6oił QlYHKUHH -apryMeHTHMeHHO B nonb3Y AOKa3aTenbCTBa cneuHQ)HKH 513b!Ka xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOH n H T e p a T yp b!, ero n p H H U H n l1 a Tib H O r o OTTI H 'ł H 51 OT Bcex ,np y r H X Q)YHKU110HanbHblX CTHneił, KOTOpblM TaKaSI Q)YHKU11S! H e CBOHCTBeHHa.
3) He Bbl,Aep)l(11BaeT KpHTHKH H apryMeHT o HaJIH'-łHH oco6oi1 CHCTeMbl 513blKOBbIX cpe,nCTB «xy,no)l{eCTBeHHOro CTl1TI51». 5ł3b!K XYAO)KeCTBeHHOH n11TepaTypbi ,nonycKaeT, KaK 113BeCTHO, BKnIOYeH11e 3neMeHTOB Bcex CTl1nei1 11, 6onee Toro, ,na)l{e 11eJ1umepamypHb1x 3neMeHTOB. flpH 3TOM TaKoe BKlliO'łeHHe He .sisnsieTC51 CTa6HnbHblM, C03A8IOW.11M Ha Sl3blKOBOM ypOBHe npHKpenneHHOCTb COOTBeTCTBYIOlll.HX Sl3blKOBblX e,nHH11U K no,nc11cTeMe n11TepaTypHoro H)l(b!Ka, o6pa3yIOw.eił QlYHKU110HanbHblH CTl1Ilb. H e cnyYaHHO H H OAl1H cnoBapb H e 11MeeT TTOMeTbl «xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOe», Tor.na KaK npHKpenneHHOCTb onpe,neneHHblX H3blKOBbIX e,nHHHU K TOMY 11nH HHOMY Ql Y H K U H O H an b H O M Y C T H n IO Sl 3 hl K a OTpa)l( a e c si B B HAe Ql Y H K UHOHanbHO-CTHneBOH OKpaCKH (Hanp.: cne14., OeJI., KQHI,{. , 2Q3., 2eo2p. H ,np.). 513b!KOBble cpe,nCTBa, 11CTTOJib3yeMble XYAO)l(Hl1KaMH CJIOBa, Ka)l(,AbIH pa3 pa3nH'łHbl , HX OT6op Ka)l(,D.blH pa3 HH,ll.HBH,D.yaneH.
11
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Eu,e pa3 o ,wecme R3bIKa xyiJo:>icecmeem,ou numepamypbl
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(pe3ynbTaT M bl TaK)l(e 6y,!leM o603Ha'ł aTb CO'łHHenue) B03HHKaeT He TO)l(,!leCTBeHHblH CO'łHHeHHIO TeKCT' KOTOpblH eCTb HeKall cj>yHKUHJI f OT npepeMeHHOH R, a nepBOH npOH3B0)].HOH OT3TOH cj>yHKUHH JIBJJJleTCJI nepconaiK . . . ( BbJ)J.eneHO Be3.D.e aBTOpOM noseCTH).
O'łeHb Ba)l<HO, 'łTO npH 3TOM TaKHe Sl3blKOBble cpe,D.CTBa BOBCe He OKa3bJBalOTCJI B xy,n.o)l(eCTBeHHOM TeKCTe «'ły)l(epo,n.HbIMH», HHOCTHJieBbIMH: HX ynoTpe6JieHHe 3a,D.aHo xy,n.o)l(eCTBeHHbIM 3aMbICJIOM n11caTem1, CHCTeMOH o6pa3HbIX cpe.U:CTB Bcero npOH3Be.u:eHHSI. TaK, HCCJie,D.OBaTeJIH OTMe'łaJOT KaK cne1.v1cpH'łHYlO 'łepTy MHOrHX COBpeMeHHbIX n03TH'łeCKHX TeKCTOB HX r e p M e nt'ł H O C T b , T . e . o 6 y crroBJi e H HYlO a B T O p C K O H H H T e H � H e H 3aTpy,n.HeHHOCTb H X BOCnpHS!THJI, 3Ta 3aTpy,D.HeHHOCTb KaK pa3 H ,lJ.OCTHraeTCJI 3 a C'łeT aKTJ.iBHOro 11cnOJib30BaHHJI B n03311J.i TepM11HOB pa3Jil1'łHbIX oTpacrrei1 3HaHHJI. HanpHMep, B no33Hl1
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2002:
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17-StyliS!yka ...np11Mepbl CBl1,UeTenbCTBYIOT O np11Hu.11n11anbHOl1 «pa3HOCTl1nbHOCTl1» Sl3bIKa xy,UO)l(eCTBeHHOl1 n11TepaTyphl B TOM CMbICne, 1-łTO OH s611paeT B ce651 3neMeHTbl scex <PYHKLJ.110HanbHb!X CT11ne11, Sl3b!KOBbie cpe.u.cTBa C pa3Jil1'-!HOl1 CT11nl1CTl1'-łeCKOl1 OKpaCKOl1, O ero npl1HL(l1n11anbHOM He3aMKHYTOCTl1 (JleBl1H
1955).
CosepweHHO cnpase.nn11so 3aMe'-!aH11e M . H . Ko)l(11Ho11 o TOM, '-!TO TepM11Hbl 11rpa10T B TeKCTe xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOM n11TepaTypbl He TY ponb, KOTOpaSI CBOHCTBeHHa 11M B Hay'-łHOM CT11ne. Ho Be,Ub 3TO 11 cny)l(l1T noKa3aTeneM cneu.11cp11'-!HOCTl1 Sl3b!Ka xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOM Jl11TepaTypbl, r,ne .n;eMCTBYIOT CBOl1 ' OC06b1e 3aKOHbl 11CITOHb30BaHl1SI Sl3blKOBblX cpe.n;CTB Sl3bJKa. 3Tl1 cneu.11cp11'-!eCKl1e 3aKOHbl 113BeCTHbl, on11caHbl, B '-łaCTHOCTl1,
A.M.
ITewKOBCK11M,r.o.
B11HOKypoM, B.B. B11Horpa,noBblM, KOTOpble n11can11 06 o6pa3HOCTl1 (B llI11pOKOM CMhlCJie) Sl3bIKa xy,UO)l(eCTBeHHOM n11TepaTypbl, KOTopasi C03,UaeTCSI BCeM11 Sl3bIKOBbIM11 cpe.n;CTBaM11, B TOM '-łl1Cne 11 He11TpanbHbI M 11 . HanoMHl1M np11Mep A . M . ITewKoBCKoro, KOTOpbIH rosop11n, '-!TO o6pa3HOCTb lłl1'-łl1KOBa CKna,UbJBaeTCSI 113 Bcex cpe.n;CTB, p11cy10m11x q_l1'-ł11KOBa npSIMO 11n11 KOCBeHHO, 11 '-!TO ecn11 y6paTb XOTSI 6bI O,UHO cnoso, o6pa3 noTyCKHeeT, XOTSI cpa3y 3TO, MO)l(eT 6b[Tb, 11 He 6y,neT 3aMeTHO. MO)l(HO BCITOMHl1Tb 11 O TOM «np11pal.L(eH1111 CMbICna», KOTOpoe TaK)l(e SIBHSleTCSI CBOMCTBOM TOnbKO Sl3b!Ka xy,no)l(eCTBeHHOM n11TepaTypbl, O '-!eM n11can11r.o.
B11H0Kyp 11 B.B. B11Horpa,n0B, OTMe'-!aBw11e, '-!TO cnoBO B xy,no)l(eCTBeHHblX TeKCTax scer,na ,nsynnaHOBO 11 noTOMy o6pa3HO: OHO o6pameHO O,UHOl1 CBOeM CTOpOHOM K 061J..1eJ111TepaTypHOMY Sl3bIKY' a .npyroM -K xy,no)l(ecTBeHHOMy M11py npo113se,nett11S1, 6naro,napS1 '-!eMy o6pacTaeT HOBblMl1 CMbICnaMl1, B pe3yJibTaTe '-!ero C03,U810TCSI xy.n;o)l(eCTBeHHble o6pa3bl.Bo scex <PYHKl.(110HanbHhlX CTl1JISIX n 11TepaTypttoro 513hlKa KapT11Ha a6COJIIOTHO 11HaSI: Ka)l(JJ;blH 113 Hl1X npe.n;cTaBnHeT co6011 Cl1CTeMy cpe,UCTB TOnbKO n11TepaTypHoro Sl3b!Ka, tten11TepaTypHbie 3neMeHTbl B Hl1X He BXO,USIT, a SI3bIKOBbie e,n.11H11U.bI 113 ,npyrnx crnne11 (no,nc11cTeM), T.e. 06na,na10m11e ,npyro11 <PYHKU:110HaHbHO-CTl1neBOM OKpacKOM, BOCnp11H11Ma10TCSI KaK «'-ły)l(epo,n.ttbie», KaK «u.11TaTa». HanoMHl1M np11Mep B.B. B11ttorpa.n.osa, B3S!TblM 11M 113 noseCTl1
11.
f'peKOBOM «3a npOXO,UHOH»: Kor.na O,Ul1H 113 MOHO)l.b!X q:>11311KOB n11weT 01.!epe.nHOM Hayl.!Hb!M OT4eT 11 ynoTpe6nsieT MeTacpop11'-!eCK11e, ou.eHO'-!Hble 11Hl1 3MOU.110HanbHO OKpaweHHbie Bblpa)l(eHl1SI (peweHue 3mou 3aoal/u opo;;,caJ10y
Hac Ha KOHl/UKe nepa; uHme2paJ1 eeoem ce6Jl enonHe npUJll,(l/HO 11 no.n), TO 3TO BCTpeqanocb APY)l(HblM XOXOTOM TOBap11me11;EU,fe pa3 o Mecme flJblKa xyooJ1Cecmeemwu J1umepamypbl
...
o.n b r A A KPbI.nOBA
BoBKa, no npo3Bii!W:Y Kpii!Tl1K, 6pancH 3a Kapatt)].aw 11 BbIMapbIBaJI Bee 3Tl1 «u;BeTl1CTbie cppa3bI», HeyMeCTHbie B Hay'łHOM OT'łeTe (B11Horpa)].OB
1963:6).
3Ta oco6eHHOCTb cpyHKLI;l10HaJibHbIX CTii!JieH 11 6brna OTMe'łeHa HaM11 B )].eqJ11HHLI;l111 cpyHKLI;HOH3JibHOro CTl1JISI Sl3bTK3 yKa3aHl1eM Ha TO, 'łTO OH npe)].CTaBJIHeT co6oi1 OTHOCl1TeJibHO 3aMKHYTYIO Cl1CTeMy 513blKOBbIX cpe)].CTB. 5l3bIKY xy)J.O)l(eCTBeHHOH Jil1TepaTypbl 3aMKHYTOCTb )].a)l(e OTHOCl1TeJibHaH -He CBOHCTBeHHa, T.e. Jl3blK xyoo:J1cecmeeH1WU Jllllllepamypbl - 11plllll{llllllQ/lblW omKpbllllllJl, lte3ll,l1KllymaJl cucme.JJta. TIOBTOpHeM: 3TO BeCb pycCKl1H HaLI;HOHaJibHblH 513b!K B 3CTeTH'łeCKl1 OTpa)l(eHHOH KOMMYHl1K3THBHOH cpyHl<LI;HH (MaKCl1MOB1975).
()J;anee )].JISI KpaTKOCTH 6y)].eM roBOp11Tb 063Cmemu'-leCKOU (j)yHKl,/UU).
TibITaSICb oqepTl1Tb Kpyr Sl3blKOBbIX cpe)].CTB, SIK06bl C03)].aIOrn;Hx «Xy)].O)l(eCTBeHHbIH CTl1Jlh», yąeHbie Ha3hIBaIOT 3MOLI;l10HaJibHO OKpaweHHYIO JieKCii!KY, MeTacpopbl, 3n11TeTbl, apxawieCKl1-B03BbIWeHHYIO JieKCl1KY 11 HeK. AP- Ho COBepweHHO O'łeBl1)].HO, 1.fTO 3TOT nepeqeHb cnyqaeH, 3Tl1 cpe)].CTBa B Sl3bIKe xy)].O)l(eCTBeHHOH Jil1TepaTypbl WHpOKO pacnpocTpaHeHbl, HO, TeM He MeHee, cpaKyJihTaTl1BHbl, 11 He OHl1 cJiy)l(aT ycJIOBl1eM BbinOJIHeHl1SI Sl3bIKOM xy)].O)l(eCTBeHHOro np0113Be)].eHl1SI 3CTeT111.feCKOH cpyHKLI;11Ii!. MO)l(HO Ha3BaTb HeMaJIO npOH3Be)].eHl1H, nOJIHOCTblO 11Jil1 1.f3CTl11.fHO Jil1WeHHbIX 3T11X Sl3b!KOBbIX cpeJJ;CTB, HO, TeM He MeHee, C03)].aIOrn;11x SlpKii!H XY)].O)l(eCTBeHHblH o6pa3. HanOMHHM 113BeCTHbIH np11Mep: Haąarro no3MbI A.C .TiyrnK11Ha «f'pacp Hyn11H»:
Ilopa! Ilopa! Pora -rpy6J1T! Ilcap11 B oxoTHH4bHX y6opax qeM CBeT y)I( Ha KOHllX CH,D.l!T. Eop3bie npbiralOT Ha caopax . . .
AJIJI11Tepau;11S1 CJIY)l(l1T cpe)].CTBOM C03)].aHl1SI 3BYKOBOro 06pa3a: 1.fl1TaTeJib CJIOBHO CJiblllil1T 3By1.faH11e OXOTHl1'ibli!X pO)l(KOB; Bbipa)l(eHii!e «1.feM CBeT» (no cpyHKLI;HOHaJibHO-CTl1JieBOH OKpacKe pa3rOBOpHoe) n03BOJIS!eT HarJISl)].HO qyBCTBeHHO nepe)].aTb KapT11HY paHHero yrpa, KOr)].a COJIHLI;e ern;e He B30WJIO 11 paccBeT TOJibKO-TOJibKO 6pe3)1(11T; npOCTbie npe)].JIO)l(eHl1SI C rnaroJibHblMl1 CKa3yeMbIMl1 «)].ałOT )].Bl1)1(eH11e cppa3e», KaK roBOp11JI A.H.ToJICTOH, 11 TeM caMbIM C03,lJ,ałOT )J,l1HaM111rny10 KapT11Hy. 3,lJ,eCb HeT Hl1 003Tl13MOB, Hl1 cpaBHeHl1H, Hl1 ou;eHO'iHOH JieKCl1Kl1 ' Hl1 MeTacpop, HO pe%, TeM He MeHee, xy)].O)l(eCTBeHH0-06pa3HaSI.
I
1iTaK, nonbITKl1 yI<a3aTb «.SI3bIKOBbie np11MeTbI» «xy.no)l(eCTBeHHOro cnm.SI» o6pe'łeHbl Ha Hey.na'ły. 5l3bIKOBbIX cpe.ncTB, KOTOpbie COCTaBJI.SlJil1 6bI Cl1CTeMy cpe.ncTB, npe.ncTaBJISIIOUJ.11X «Xy.LI.O)l(eCTBeHHblH CTl1Jib» 11 noTOMY o 611 a.[{aJIH 6 b! C O O T B eTCTB Y lO w. e 11 , T . e. «X y .[{O )l(eCTB eH H O H » , cpyHKQl10HaJibHO-CTl1JieBOH OI<paCKOH, B pycCKOM .Sl3b!Ke He cyw.eCTByeT.He KOJie6JieT BbICI<a3aHHOro yTBep)l(.[{eHH.Sl 11 HaJIJ1lHfe Il03TH3MOB, TaKHX KaK 2pe3bl, 'łGpbl, JIG3ypHblU, CUHb, 'łepm02,0'łU, 30JIOmO KyOpeu H nO.[{. (fleBHH
1955),
nOCKOJibKY a) noJTH3Mbl - JTO 'łHCJieHHO O'łeHb He3Ha'łHTeJibHblH nnaCT CJIOB, .SIBHO He.LI.OCTaTO'łHbIH AJI.Sl Toro, 'łT06bI 6bITb JieKCH'łeCKOH OCHOBOH XOT.Sl 6bI O.LI.HOro xy.[{O)l(eCTBeHHOro npOH3Be.LI.eHHSI, He rosop.SI y)l(e o xy.[{o)l(eCTBeHHOH 1111TepaType B QenoM; 6) :no apxa11qecI<aS1 neKCHI<a, OHa He BXO.LI.HT B aKTHBHbIH CJIOBapb COBpeMeHHOrO pyccKoro .Sl3b!Ka 11 He nonoJIHSleTCSI, B OTJIH'-IHe OT CJIOB, HMeIOW.HX .LI.pyrne B11.[{bl cpyHKQHO HaJibHO-CTl1JieBOH OKpacK11; a) aKTl1BHO OHa 11cnoJib30Banacb B noJ31111XVIII
- Ha'łaJiaXIX
seI<a, 11 ee 11cnoJib30BaH11e B KOHTeKcTe coBpeMeHHoro XYAO)l(eCTBeHHOro npOH3Be.[{eHl1.Sl 6e3 cneQJ.-18JibHOro BBe.[{eHJ.-1.Sl HeB03MO)l(H0. P a c C M O T p H M 'ł eTBepTbl H a p r y M e H T B n O Ji b 3 Y B bI.LI.eJi e H H .Sl «xy.[{O)l(eCTBeHHoro CTHJI.SI». CcbIJIKa Ha asTOpHTeT aKa.LI.eM11Ka B . B . B H H O rpa.LI.OBa B nOJib3Y T8I<Oro peweHJ.-1.Sl He npeACT8BJISleTCSI H a M KoppeKTHOH, T.K. B . B . BHHorpa.LI.oB, xoT.SI 11 Ha3bIBaJI cpe.LI.H CT11nei1 «xy.LI.o:>KeCTBeHHo-11306pa311Tem,11b111» mrn «xy.n:o)l(ecTBeHH0-6enneTPHCTJ.-1-'łecKHH», HO acer.LI.a np11 JTOM .LI.enan cyw.ecTBeHHeiłwyio orosopKy, no.LI. 'łepKHBa.SI YCJIOBHOCTb TaKoro peweHH.Sl, YK83b!Ba.SI, 'łTO JTOT «CTJ.-IJib» He COOTHOCHTeJieH C .LI.pyrHMH, 3aHJ.-IMaeT oco6oe MeCTo: « . . . nOH.SlTHe CTHJI.Sl B npHMeHeHJ.-111 K .Sl3bIKY XYAO)l(eCTBeHHOH JIJ.-ITepaTypbl HanOJIHSleTC.Sl HHblM CO.[{ep�aHHCM (nO.[{'łepKHYTO HaMJ.-1 -O.K.),
'łeM, Hanp11Mep, B OTHOWeHl1J.-I CTHJieH .LI.eJIOBOrO 111111 KaHQeJI.SipCKOro 11 .[{a)l(e CTHJieH ny61111QHCTH'łeCKoro 11 H8Y'łHOro.5l 3 b!K H aQ11 0 H a Ji b H O H XY.LI.O)l(eCTBe H H O H JIHTepaTypbl H e BnOJIHe COOTHOCHTeJieH C ApyrHM11 CTHJI.SIMH, THnaMJ.-1 11JIJ.-I p83HOBH.[{HOCT.SIMl1 KHl1)1(H0-JIJ.-ITepaTypHOH 11 Hapo.LI.HO-pa3rOBOpOHOH pe<rn. OH HcnOJib3YeT 11X, BKJIIO'ł8eT 11X B ce6.SI, HO B CBOeo6pa3HbIX KOMfornaQ11.SIX 11 B cpyHKQHOH8JibHO npeo6pa30BaHHOM BH.[{e. OH pa3BHBaeTC.Sl Ha OCHOBe QeJiecoo6pa3HOrO, 3CTeTH'łeCKl1 onpaB.naHHOro HCnOJib30BaHJ.-ISI scex pe'łeBblX pa3BeTBJleHHH HaQHOHaJlbHOro .Sl3b!Ka, scex ero Bbipa3HTeJibHblX cpe,11.cTB» (B11Horpa,n:0B
1955: 85).
PaccMaTpHBa.SI cTaHosneHHe pean113Ma B TBOp'łecrse A.C. IIywKHHa, B.B. B11Horpa.n:os HeOAHOKpaTHO nOAt.Jep1<11san, lfTOno
Eiąe pa3 o Mec me R3bIKa xyiJo:J1Cecmeemwu numepamypbl
...
OJlbfA A KPbIJlOBA.IU3H)Kem,1e B CT0p0HY peaJIH3Ma np0HBJUIJI0Cb B npHMeHeHHH «pa3Hb!X CTHJieih>, 1łT0 «OTKpbrnarro B03M0)KH0CTb 6e3MepHO yrrry6rrHTb H pacumpHTb CMbJCJIOBYlO nepcneKTHBY 113JIO)KeHHSI nyTeM nOCTOSIHHblX nepexo,uoB OT o,uttoro nrratta 11 CTPOSI peq11 K .upyroMy, nocpe.ucrnoM nepece1łeHHSI H Ba11-MOOTPa)KeHHSI pa3Hb!X CTHJlliCTl1'-łeCKl1X ccpep. Otto co.ueiłCTBOBarro CHHTe3y B SI3bIKe ITyunrnHa pa3Hb!X CTHJIHCTH1łeCKl1X Cl1CTeM . . . » (BHHOrpa,uoB
1941 :
51 O). Yl3
TaKl1X BblCKa3hIBaHHH aKa,UeMHKa B.B.BHHOrpa,uoBa co BCeH O'-łeB11,ll.HOCTblO SIBCTByeT, '-łTO yąeHbIH B11Aerr CJIO)KHOCTb 3TOro cpeHOMeHa, ero Hepsi:.u.onorro)KeHHOCTb <PYHKl..(110HaJibHbIM CTl1JISIM SI3b!Ka, ero rrry6oKyIO cneu;HcpHKY 11 Ha3bJBarr cpe.n:11 cpyHKl..(HOHaJlbHbIX CT11nei1 «Xy)].O)KeCTBeHHbIM:»JIHlllb ycrrOBHO.
BbI,LI.eneHHe <PYHKl..(110HaJibHbIX CTHrreił MO)KeT 6b!Tb npOH3Be)].eHO KOppeKTHO TOJlbKO B TOM cnyqae, ecmr BbJ,UenSieMblH CTl1Jlb OTBel!aeT ,D;BYM o603Ha'-łeHHb!M Tpe6oBaHHSIM: a) OH 06crry)K11BaeT onpe)].eJieHHYIO ccpepy 061.I..1,eCTBeHHOH .uesneJibHOCTH (BbI,UerreHHYIO He np0113BOJlbHO, a Ha OCHOBe cp o p M 0 61.I..1,eCTB e HH OfO C03HaHl1 SI ) , 11 6) OH npe)].CTaBJIHeT co6oi1 OTHOCHTeJibHO 3aMKHYTYIO CHCTeMy SI3bIKOBbIX cpe)].CTB. OTBe'-łaSI nepBOMY TPe6oBaHHIO, SI3b!K XYJl.O)KeCTBeHHOH JIHTepaTypbl He OTBe'łaeT BTOpOMy. TaKHM o6pa30M, Ha Bonpoc: «TipaBOMepHO JIH cpe)].11 cpyHKl..(HOHaJibHblX CTHrreił COBpeMeHHOro pyccKoro JIHTep aTypHoro Sl3hlKa Bhl)].eJISITb XYJl:O)KeCTBeHHbIH CTHJib
?» -
,LI.OJI)l{eH 6b!Tb )].aH OTpm.(aTeJibHblH OTBeT: c<l>epa cnosecuoro HCKYCCTBa o6cnyiKHBaeTCSI ue <l>YHKUHOHanbHbIM CTHneM nnTepaTypuoro H3b!Ka, a H3b1K0M XYJI.OiKeCTBeHHOH nnTepaTypbI, KOTOpbIH npeJI.cTasm1eT co6ou npenoMneune ecezo pyccKozo nal{UOHaJlbHozo Jl3blKa CKB03L npH3MY 3CTeTHlfeCKH OTpaiKeHHOH ICOMMYHHKaTHBHOH <ł>YHKUHH.HMeHHO nonhITKa np11,uaTb SI3hIKY XYJl.O)KecTBeHHoił rrHTepaTyphI crnTyc <PYHKl..(HOHaJibHro CTHJISI o6eiJH.Rem Hawe npe,uCTaBJieHHe o HeM, 3arOHS1eT ero B npoKpycT0BO JlO)l(e Bcero JlHlllb 0)1.HOH n0)].CHCTeMbl JIHTepaTypttoro Sl3bIKa, HrHOpHpyH ero cnrneBoe 6oraTCTBO. «B03bMeM ,LI.JISI npHMepa C01łHHeHHSI K1mn11Hra. 3TO n11caTeJ1b O'łeHb CJIO)l(HOro CTHJISI, B KOTOpOM 6116neiłcKaS1 pHTMHKa napa)].OKCaJlbHO CO'-łeTaeTCSI C ra3eTHblM )1(8HpOM, con.n;aTCKHe Bynhrap113Mbl - C MeJIOAHKOH CTapH H H bl X 6anrra.u.. B 6oJiblllHHCTBe ero np0113Be,UeHHH eCTb HeCKOJlbKO CTHJIHCTH'łeCKHX JIHHHH», -n11carr K.H. qyKOBCKHH o npo113Be.uen11si:x OJl.HOro n11caTerrsi:. (qYKOBCKHH
1930: 47).
TeM 6onee npaBOMepHbIM 3TO nOJ10)l{em,1e o He3aMKHYTOCTl1, CTHJieBOM 6oraTCTBe OKa3bIBaeTCSI B TOM crryqae, Kor.u.a pe'łb H,LI.eT o H3b1Ke XYJl.O)l(eCTBeHHOH JIHTepaTypbl B QenoM.KaKHM )l{e o6pa30M HaMe'ieHHbie pa3rpaHH'ieHHSI co,neiłCTBYIOT perneHHlO Tex 06ll.lHX npo6JieM CTHJIHCTHKH H pe'ieBe,neHHSI.
O,u:Ha H3 3THX npo6neM -3TO COOTHOllleHHe nOHSITHH cmWIUJl3blKQ H cmUJIU p e � u . Tio,n:BOASI H T O r H A H C K Y C C H H n o B O n p o c a M CTHJI H C T H K H , B.B.BHHorpa,noB OTMe'łan, 'iTO B xo.ne 3Toił ,n:HcKyccHH o6Hapy)l{HJIOCb Hepa3JIH'ieHHe, CMerneHHe 3THX nOHSITHH, OT'iero CTl1JIHCTl1Ka TOJlbKO «CTpa ,naen>.
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JI11TepaTypa
Ea6eHKO, H.r., 2002,
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