Psychometric properties and validation of the Polish translation of the Integrative Self-Knowledge Scale
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(2) ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȅȱ ǻǯȱ řşŝǼǯȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱ¡¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǻǯǯǰȱ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗřDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗřǼDzȱȱ ȱȱȬ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǻǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱŗŘȱȱȱȱȱȂȱěȱǻŗǼȱȱȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǻǯǯǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱĴȱȱ¢ȱȱǼǰȱǻŘǼȱȱȱ awareness of the self in the present (e.g., Most of the time, I get so involved in what ȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȂȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǼǰȱȱǻřǼȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǯǯǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱęȬȱȱǰȱȱȱȃ¢ȱȄȱǻŖǼȱȱȃ¢ȱȄȱǻŚǼǯȱȱ higher the score, the higher the degree of integrative self-knowledge. The ISK scale ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǯ The purpose of this article is to report on the translation and validation of the ȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱǻȱȱ¡¢ȱ ȱę¢ȱǼǰȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȬ ȱȱ ǻ ǰȱ ¢Ùǰȱ
(3) ǰȱ £ǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǼǰȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ ǰȱŗşŞŝDzȱȱȱ¢ȱ£ǰȱǰȱ£ÚǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǻǰȱǰȱĴ¢ǰȱŗşŞŘDzȱȱȱ¢ȱ£ǰȱ£¢ǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŗǼǰȱȱĚȱȱȱȱȬĚȱȱǻȱǰȱǰȱŗşşŝDzȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱÚǰȱ ŘŖŗřǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǻ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŗŘǼǯ. Psychometric properties Method Participants. The sample included 528 Polish young adults, students in difȱȱȱ¢ȱǻŜŖƖȱȱȱŚŖƖȱǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱŗŞȱȱ 32 years (M = 21.27, ȱƽȱŗǯŚŝǼǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱęȬ point response scale. They were informed that the participation was voluntary and ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱęǯ Procedure. The Polish version of the ISK scale was developed through transȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱ¢¢ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȬ-. strona 379.
(4) ȱȱȱȱǯȱ¢ȱěȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯ. Results Basic statistical description ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ranged from -1.27 to 0.07, and their univariate kurtosis ranged from -1.12 to 1.89, ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ ǰȱŗşşŞǼǯȱȱȱiate kurtosis of 1.31 indicated that the assumption of multivariate normality was ȱǻǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŗǼǯȱ ȱ¡ȱȱěǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱdent Mann-Whitney test was computed comparing the male and female scores. ȱŗǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ . M. . . . ISK1 ISK2 ISK3 ISK4 ISK5 ISK6 ISK7 ISK8 ISK9 ISK10 ISK11 ISK12 ISK. 2.65 3.04 3.04 1.75 1.86 1.92 1.76 2.12 2.45 2.51 2.57 2.54 2.35. 1.12 0.97 0.92 1.21 1.22 1.22 1.28 1.15 1.12 1.14 1.11 1.10 0.63. -0.78 -1.23 -1.27 0.17 0.07 0.17 0.20 -0.12 -0.47 -0.53 -0.56 -0.47 0.07. -0.04 1.33 1.89 -1.04 -1.08 -1.08 -1.12 -0.85 -0.58 -0.50 -0.37 -0.54 0.06. Mwomen women Mmen 2.68 3.08 3.11 1.60 1.76 1.80 1.61 2.01 2.42 2.49 2.61 2.48 2.31. 1.09 0.96 0.86 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.26 1.13 1.10 1.12 1.07 1.07 0.60. 2.60 2.99 2.93 1.98 2.01 2.11 1.98 2.28 2.49 2.53 2.51 2.64 2.42. men. U. 1.16 1.00 0.99 1.20 1.24 1.23 1.28 1.15 1.15 1.17 1.17 1.14 0.66. 32433.00 31698.50 30521.00 27694.00*** 29780.00* 28839.50** 27979.50*** 28930.00** 32112.00 32654.00 32254.50 30515.50 30458.50. DZȱȱȱ ȱƽȱŖǯŗŗDzȱȱȱȱƽȱŖǯŘŗDzȱȘȱp ǀȱǯŖśDzȱȘȘȱp ǀȱǯŖŗDzȱȘȘȘȱp ǂȱǯŖŖŗ. ȱ¢ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱǃȱŗǯŖŖȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ĴȂȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ Λ2ȱ ǻŜŜǼȱ ƽȱ 1816.46, pȱǀȱǯŖŖŗǰȱȱȱ Ȭ¢Ȭȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻǯŞŘǼǯȱ A three-factor solution emerged, which accounted for 58.69% of the total variance, strona 380.
(5) ¢ȱǻȱŗŖƖǼȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ Řǯŝśǰȱ ŘǯřŞǰȱ ȱ ŗǯşŗǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǯśŝǯȱȱŘȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ęȱ Ȭȱ ȱ past-oriented items, the four items of the second factor were present-oriented, and ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȬȱȬ¡ence. ȱŘǯȱȱȱȱ Self-Knowledge items PCA 1 2 ISK1 -.01 .07 ISK2 .28 -.10 ISK3 .20 -.05 ISK4 .03 .75 ISK5 .13 .79 ISK6 .21 .72 ISK7 .29 .64 ISK8 .57 .40 ISK9 .78 .17 ISK10 .76 .18 ISK11 .72 .06 ISK12 .68 .15. 3 .79 .75 .80 -.03 -.06 .07 -.04 .07 .04 .15 .15 .19. DZȱ¡ȬȱȱDzȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢. ¡ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱę¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¡ȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱDZȱȬȱǰȱȱ ȱȱŗŘȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ Ȭȱǰȱȱ ȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȬȱȱȬȱȬ¡ȱǻȱŗǰȱŘǰȱřǰȱŗŗǰȱȱŗŘǼǰȱ ȱȱȱŝȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȬ¡ȱǻȱŚǰȱśǰȱŜǰȱŝǰȱŞǰȱşǰȱȱŗŖǼǰȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱřǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱęĴȱǰȱ ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱęǯȱȱȱȬȱǰȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȱęǰȱΛ2ȱǻśŗǼȱƽȱŗŝşǯŜŞǰȱp < .001. However, ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǯǯǰȱ ȱ£ǰȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻ £ ǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǯȱȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻ ȱƽȱǯşśǰȱ ȱƽȱǯşŚǰȱ ȱƽȱǯşŚǰȱȱ ȱƽȱǯşŘǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱƽȱǯŖŝȱȱȱƽȱǯŖśǼǰȱȱ strona 381.
(6) ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯŖŞǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱŚǰȱ ȱęȱǻp ǀȱǯŖśǼȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱ1ǯȱǰȱȱȱȬȬęȱȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŞǼȱȱȱ Iranian sample. ȱřǯȱ ȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱ Model Λ2ȱǻǼ RMSEA SRMR CFI NFI GFI AGFI AIC One factor ŝŖŚǯŞŞȱǻśŚǼ .15 .12 .71 .70 .78 .68 6751.09 Two factors śŞŞǯřřȱǻśřǼ .14 .11 .76 .75 .81 .72 6636.53 Three factors ŗŝşǯŜŞȱǻśŗǼ .07 .05 .95 .94 .94 .92 6231.88 DZȱȱȬȱȱ ȱęȱȱp < .001. ȱŚǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱ Factor 1 2 ISK1 ISK2 ISK3 ISK4 .59 ISK5 .73 ISK6 .66 ISK7 .61 ISK8 .61 ISK9 .71 ISK10 .74 ISK11 .62 ISK12 .64. 3 .51 .75 .76. DZȱ£ȱȱȱȱ Dzȱȱȱ ȱęȱȱp < .05. Internal consistencies ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǯŝŖǯȱ £ȱ ȂȱȱĜȱ ȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŞŖǰȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŚǰȱȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŗǰȱ¢ǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝşǰȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǻ 1 ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱŝȱȱŞȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ Λ2ȱǻŚşǼȱƽȱŗŚŚǯŞřǰȱpȱǀȱǯŖŖŗǰȱ ȱƽȱǯşśǰȱ ȱƽȱǯşřǰȱȱƽȱǯŖŜǰȱȱƽȱǯŖŚǯȱ ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱDZȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱǯŘśȱǻȱ ŞȱȱȱȱŘǼȱȱǯŗŜȱǻȱŝȱȱȱȱřǼǯ. strona 382.
(7) ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŖDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŗDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŘǼǯȱȱȱȬȱtion for the 12 items was ȱ= .44, and the mean corrected item-total correlations for each factor were ȱ= .58, ȱ= .53, and ȱ= .52, respectively. ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ= .33, p ǀȱǯŖŖŗǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ= .45, p < .001. ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęǰȱ = .001, p > .05.. Convergent and discriminant validity ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱsion of the ISK scale, correlations with measures of identity, self-coherence, and ȱȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱDZ ƺȱȱ ǰȱȱȬ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱǻŗşŚşǼȱǰȱȃȱ person himself needs to have continuous memories, dated in his personal past, if ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱǻdzǼȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ and we have dissociation, split personalities, fugue stales, and other distortions ȱȱȄȱǻǯȱřŝŞǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ what it means to have an identity to somehow count oneself as continuous in ȱǻǯǯǰȱǰȱŗşŜřǰȱŗşŜŞDzȱǰȱ ǰȱŗşŞŞDzȱǰȱŗşşŜDzȱȱȱǯǰȱ ŘŖŖŜDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŘǼǯȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ to construct a life story that makes sense – integrates interpretations of the past ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǻǯǯǰȱǰȱŗşŞŞDzȱǰȱŘŖŖŚDzȱȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŜDzȱǰȱĴǰȱŘŖŖŜDzȱǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǯ ƺȱȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱǰȱ ȱ ȂȱǻŘŖŖŞǼȱȱ ǰȱǰȱȱȂȱǻŘŖŗŖǼȱęȱ ȱȱȬ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱĚȱȱȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¡ȱ ȱ Ěȱ Ȭ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱȱȬȱȱȱȬěȱtic called need for cognition. It refers to a person's enjoyment and tendency to ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ǯǰȱ ŗşşŜǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȃ¢ȱȱȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱȱĚȱȱȱ information to make sense of stimuli, relationships, and events in their world” ǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşŜǰȱǯȱŗşŞǼǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ǻ£¢ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǼǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¡¢ȱǻǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǰȱȱȱȱ¢strona 383.
(8) ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ
(9) ǰȱ ŘŖŖŞǼǰȱ Ȭȱ ¢ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ǯǰȱ ŗşşŜǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ǻǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǯ ƺȱȱ ǰȱȱȬ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ and negatively with self-incoherence. This hypothesis considers self-concept as a dynamic and multifaceted phenomenon. The notion of the self as plural al ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ȱ ǻǰȱŗşŞŝǼȱȱȬȱěȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşřǼǯȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱ ěȱȱǻǰȱŗşŞŝǼǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Ȭȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǻȬǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŗşşşǼǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ¡¢ȱǻǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȬ¡¢ǰȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱěȱǻȬȱǼǯȱȬȱěȱȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱ¡ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşřǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ constructs has pointed on the adaptive value of self-concept consistency and ȱȱȱȬȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǻǯǯǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǰȱ ŗşşřDzȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŗDzȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱŘŖŖřǼǯȱȱȱ ȱȂȱǻŗşŜŗǼȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱę¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȄȱ ǻǯȱ řşŘǼǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ěȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȬ£ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşřǼǰȱȬȱ ¢ȱǻ ǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǰȱȱ¢ȱȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŗşşŝDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚǼǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱǻǰȱǰȱŘŖŗŗǼȱȱ ȱǻĵǰȱǰȱŘŖŖřǼǯ ȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ Ȭ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȬ¡¢ǰȱȱȬ¡¢ȱ does not necessarily mean the opposite of cohesion within the self. Similarly, the ¢ȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻ ǰȱǰȱ ŘŖŖŚDzȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǯ. strona 384.
(10) Method Participants. ȱȱȱŚŗŚȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱěȱȱȱ¢ȱǻŜŚǯŝƖȱȱȱřśǯřƖȱǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱŗşȱȱ 28 years (M = 21.25, ȱƽȱŗǯřşǼǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȬȱȱȱǯȱȱȂȱȱǻ£Ǽȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŞǰȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŝǰȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝřǰȱȱ ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŗǰȱ¢ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ M = 2.41 and ȱƽȱŖǯśşǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱěǰȱU=18604.00, p = .41. All participation was voluntary and anonymous. Measures Sense of Identity. To measure a sense of personal identity, understood as ȱȱ ȱȱ ¡ȱ ȬȬǰȱ¡ȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ¢ȱǻ ǰȱǰȱŘŖŗŘǰȱŘŖŗŚǼȱ ȱ¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ę¢ǰȱǰȱǰȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱŚśȱȱǻǯǯǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ Dzȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǼǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȃ¢ȱȦȄȱȱ ȃ¢ȱȦ ¢Ȅǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǻ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱȱ£ȱȂȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ΅ = .89. Need for Cognition. Need for cognition was assessed via an adapted version ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱǰȱĴ¢ǰȱŗşŞŘDzȱ£ǰȱ£¢ǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŗǼǯȱȱȱȱřŜȱȱǻǯǯǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱDzȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȬȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȃ¢ȱ Ȅȱ ȱ ȃ¢ȱ Ȅǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ΅ = .91 and ȱƽȱǯŞŜǰȱ¢ȱǻ£ǰȱ£¢ǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŗǼǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȂȱ£ȱ¢ȱĜǰȱ ȱ΅ = .88. ĚǯȱĚȱ ȱȱ ȱȱŞȬȱĚȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȬĚȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ¢ȱ ȱǻŗşşŝǼǯȱ¢ȱȱǻǯǯǰȱ ȱȱ¡ȱ¢ȱȃȄȱǼȱȱȱȱ ȱ ęȬȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃ¢ȱ Ȅȱ ȱ ȃ¢ȱȄǯȱȱȂȱ£ȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱlated version of this scale was ΅ = .81. Self-Incoherence. ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ ǻ Ǽȱ ¢ȱ ¢Ùǰȱ
(11) ǰȱ ȱ £ȱǻŘŖŗŖǼȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱȂȱǻŗşŜŗǼȱȱȱȱǯȂȱǻŗşşřǼȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ŝȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ strona 385.
(12) ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ǽǰȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǯȱȱŝȱĴȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻ¢Ùǰȱ
(13) ǰȱ £ǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ferences among the roles, was computed (i.e., the mean standard deviation across Ĵǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯǰȱ ŗşşřDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŖŚDzȱ ¢Ùǰȱ
(14) ǰȱ £ǰȱ ŘŖŗŖǼǯȱ ¢Ùǰȱ
(15) ǰȱȱ£ȱǻŘŖŗŖǼȱȱȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ΅ȱƽȱǯşŖȱȱȱ¢ȱĜȱȱȱ= .73. The internal consistency of this ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ £ȱ ¢ȱ Ĝǰȱ ȱ΅ = .81. Self-Complexityǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ǰȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ £ǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ £Úȱ ǻŘŖŖŝǼȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȬȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻŗşŞŝǼȱȱȱ several minor adaptations. First, the trait adjectives are listed in a sheet given to ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻŜŖȱǰȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱǼǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ were asked to from groups of traits, so that each group was descriptive of an aspect ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȬ¡¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȬ¡¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȬǰȱ ǰȱȱȱǻŗşşşǼDZȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǻǼǰȱĚȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȬǯȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱDZ OL ƽȱǻ̕iǻ̕jCijǼȦiǼȦȘǻȬŗǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻŗǼ where Cȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱDzȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱDzȱnȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱȱ i and j vary from 1 to n (i and jȱȱǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ (ȱƽȱȦǼȱȱ¢ȱȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻŗşŞŝǼǯ. Results ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱśǯȱ ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱsults are in line with predictions. Integrative self-knowledge correlated positively ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱǰȱĚǰȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ȱ sense of identity, ȱ= .53, p < .001. Moreover, integrative self-knowledge correlated negatively with self-incoherence, ȱ = -.13, p ǀȱ ǯŖŗǯȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȬ ȱȱȱȱȬȱȱ Ȭ¡¢ǯ strona 386.
(16) ȱśǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȬlated and cognitive measures GSI NFC REF SIC NSA OL SC. P + + + – 0 + 0. .53*** .42*** .28*** -.13** .06 .21*** -.09. Ά .44*** .16*** .20*** .07 .02 .14** -.03. .39 .14 .18 .06 .02 .12 -.02. M 13.77 127.64 26.29 0.97 5.03 0.20 42.40. 2.30 17.74 6.16 0.34 1.66 0.13 48.43. DZȱ ȱƽȱȱȬ Dzȱ ȱƽȱȱȱȱ¢DzȱȱƽȱȱȱDzȱȱƽȱĚDzȱ ȱƽȱȬDzȱȱƽȱȱȱȬDzȱƽȱȱDzȱ ȱƽȱȬ¡¢DzȱȱƽȱȱȱǻȃƸȄȱƽȱǰȱȃȮȄȱƽȱǰȱȃŖȄȱƽȱǼDzȱ ** p ǀȱǯŖŗDzȱȘȘȘȱp ǂȱǯŖŖŗ. ȱȱ£Ȭȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱ¢ȱȱǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǻ£ȱȱĜǼȱȱȱȱȱśǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¡ȱȱȱȱtween integrative self-knowledge and self-incoherence2Řǯȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ǽȱ ǰȱ Άȱ ƽȱ ǯŚŚǰȱ p ǀȱ ǯŖŖŗǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ĚǰȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱΆȱƽȱǯŘŖǰȱΆȱƽȱǯŗŜǰȱȱΆȱƽȱǯŗŚǰȱp < .01, respectively. The regression model, F ǻŝǰȱŚŖŜǼȱƽȱřśǯŘśǰȱp < .001, accounted for 38% of ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱǻŗśǯŗƖǼȱ ȱȱǰȱȱĚȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯ. Discussion The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and validate the Polȱȱȱȱ ȱȬ ȱȱ¢ȱ ǰȱǰȱȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ¢£ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻǼȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯśŝDZȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭ¡ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ȭȱ Ȭȱ ȱȱ ¢ȂȱǻŘŖŖŞǼȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱ Ȭȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱĚǰȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ǼǯȱȱȱŗŖŖŖȱȬȱȱęȱȱȱşśƖǰȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱęǰȱȱ= -0.32, 95% CI [-0.465, -0.199]. Inspection ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ = -0.08, 95% CI [-0.127, ȬŖǯŖřŞǾǰȱĚǰȱȱ= -0.05, 95% CI [-0.098, -0.017], and sense of identity, ȱ= -0.18, 95% CI ǽȬŖǯŘşŜǰȱȬŖǯŖŞŚǾǰȱę¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱ integrative self-knowledge. 2. strona 387.
(17) Ȭ¡ȱǰȱȱȱęȬȱȬȱȱȬȱȬ¡ȱ ǯȱȱę¢ȱȱ¢ȱǻǼȱȱȱȱŗŘȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ΅ȱƽȱǯŝŗȱǻȬȱȱȬȱȬ¡Ǽȱȱ΅ = .80 (presentȱ Ȭȱ Ȭ¡ǼDzȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ĝȱ ȱ ȱ ǯŝşǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ the ISK scale as a whole. The second part of the paper deals with the convergent and discriminant valid¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȬȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱ Integrative self-knowledge scores were positively associated with sense of personal ¢ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱĚǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱrelated with self-incoherence. These results are consistent with literature and other ȱȱȱȱȬ ȱĚȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȬ¡ȱǻ ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǯ The data presented here indicate that scores on the Polish version of the ISK ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ȭ ǯȱ ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȬĚȱǯ £ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱ£ÚǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǯȱȱ£ÙČïȱ
(18) ȱ ȱ¿ȱȱDZȱ¢ȱ¢£ȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ
(19) ïȱ ¢ǰȱŜȱǻŗǼǰȱśŝȬŝŜǯ £¢ǰȱ ǯǯȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ ¢ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ and cognitive processes. ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ěǰȱ ŚŚȱ ǻřǼǰȱ ŜŚśȬŜśśǰȱ DZȱŗŖǯŗŖŗŜȦǯǯŘŖŖŝǯŖşǯŖŘŚ ǰȱ
(20) ǯȱǻŗşŜŗǼǯȱȬ¢ǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱǯȱ
(21) ȱȱȱ ¢¢ǰȱŘśȱǻśǼǰȱřşŘȬŜŞşǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦŖŖŚŘşŝş ǰȱ
(22) ǯǯǰȱĴ¢ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşŞŘǼǯȱȱȱȱǯȱ
(23) ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢¢ǰȱŚŘȱǻŗǼǰȱŗŗŜȬŗřŗǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŖŘŘȬřśŗŚǯŚŘǯŗǯŗŗŜ ǰȱ
(24) ǯǯǰȱ Ĵ¢ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱ
(25) ǯǯǰȱ
(26) ǰȱ ǯǯ ǯȱ ǻŗşşŜǼǯȱ ȱ ȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ need for cognition. ¢ȱ ǰȱ ŗŗşȱ ǻŘǼǰȱ ŗşŝȬŘśřǰȱ DZȱ ŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦŖŖřřȬ 2909.119.2.197 ǰȱ
(27) ǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖřǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȬȱ and its relation to psychological adjustment.
(28) ȱȱ¢ǰȱŝŗȱǻŗǼǰȱŗŗśȬ ȬŗŚŖǰȱDZŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦŗŚŜŝȬŜŚşŚǯŖŗȬŗȬŖŖŖŖŘ ǰȱ
(29) ǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǯǰȱ ǰȱǯ
(30) ǯǰȱ ĵǰȱ ǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǯȱ ǻŗşşŜǼǯȱ Ȭȱ ¢DZȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱǯȱ
(31) ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢¢ǰȱŝŖȱǻŗǼǰȱŗŚŗȮŗśŜǰȱDZȱ ŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦŖŖŘŘȬřśŗŚǯŝŖǯŗǯŗŚŗ strona 388.
(32) ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŗşŞŞǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ . CamDZȱȱ¢ȱǯ ǰȱǯǯǰȱ¢ǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŖǼǯȱȱȁ Ȃȱȱȁ ¢ȂȱȱȱDZȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ¢ǰȱ ŗŗȱ ǻŚǼǰȱ ŘŘŝȬŘŜŞǰȱ DZȱŗŖǯŗŘŖŝȦŗśřŘŝşŜś ŗŗŖŚȏŖŗ ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱ
(33) ǯǯȱ ǻŘŖŖŗǼǯȱ Ȭȱ ěȱ ȱ the adult life span. ¢¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ŗŜȱ ǻŚǼǰȱ ŜŚřȬŜśŚǰȱ DZȱ ŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŞŞŘȬ 7974.16.4.643 ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ
(34) ǰȱ ǯǯȱ ǻŗşşřǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȬȱěǯȱ
(35) ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢¢, ŜŚȱǻśǼǰȱŞřŚȬŞŚŜǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŖŘŘȬřśŗŚǯŜŚǯśǯŞřŚ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŖřǼǯȱ Ȭ¡ȱ Ȭ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ DZȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ ǯ
(36) ǯȱȱǻǯǼǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢¢ǰȱǯȱśDZȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢¢ȱǻǯȱŗśşȬŗŞŚǼǯȱ ǰȱ
(37) DZȱ¢ȱǭȱǯ ǰȱǯ ǯȱǻŗşŜřǼǯȱȱȱ¢ȱǻŘȱǯǼǯȱ ȱǰȱDZȱǯǯȱǯ ǰȱǯ ǯȱǻŗşŜŞǼǯȱ ¢DZȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱDZȱǯǯȱǯ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱ
(38) ǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱȱ ȱ ěǵȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ and intelligence. ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢¢ȱ ǰȱ řŜȱ ǻŗǼǰȱ ŞŘȬşŜǰȱ DZȱ ŗŖǯŗŗŝŝȦŖŗŚŜŗŜŝŘŖşřśŗŞŞŜ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŖśǼǯȱ £ȱ £ȱ £¢ïǯȱ £ DZȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ PWN. ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşşśǼǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱDZȱȱȱǯȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱŗŖŘȱǻŚǼǰȱŜśŘȬŜŝŖǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŖřřȬŘşśǯŗŖŘǯŚǯŜśŘ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(39) ǯǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(40) ǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱȱ¢ȱȱtegrative self-knowledge, mindfulness, and private self-consciousness in predicting responses to stress in Iran. ȱ
(41) ȱȱ¢¢ǰȱŚśȱǻŘǼǰȱŗŚŝȬ ȬŗśŚǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖŞŖȦŖŖŘŖŝśşŖşŖřŚŝřŝŜŞ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(42) ǯǰȱǰȱ ǯȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱ ȱȬ ȱ and the harmony of purpose model in Iranian autoimmune patients. ȱ
(43) ȱȱȱ¢¢ǰȱŝȱǻŘǼǰȱŗȬŞǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŝŝşŖȦǯŝŘǯŘŘŜ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(44) ǯǰȱǰȱ ǯǰȱǰȱ ǯȱǻŘŖŗřǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱDZȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȬȱ ȱȱĚǯȱȱ ǰȱȱǭȱǰȱŗŜȱǻŘǼǰȱŗŘřȬŗřŝǰȱ DZȱŗŖǯŗŖŞŖȦŗřŜŝŚŜŝŜǯŘŖŗŗǯŜŚŝŞŖş ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(45) ǯǰȱǰȱ ǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŘǼǯȱȬȱȱ ȱ DZȱȱ ȱȱȬ ǰȱȱǰȱȱligious orientation. ȱ ȱ
(46) ȱȱȱ¢¢ȱȱǰȱŘŘȱǻŘǼǰȱ ŗŖŜȬŗŗŞǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖŞŖȦŗŖśŖŞŜŗşǯŘŖŗŗǯŜřŞŜŖŗ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(47) ǯǰȱ £¢ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱȬ ȱ ȱȱȱ DZȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȬǯȱȱ¢¢ǰȱŘşȱǻŘǼǰȱŗřśȬŗŚřǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖŖŝȦŗŘŗŚŚȬŖŗŖȬşŖŝşȬś. strona 389.
(48) ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(49) ǯǰȱ ǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ ȱȬ ȱDZȱ Correlations and incremental validity of a cross-cultural measure developed in Iran and the United States.
(50) ȱȱ¢¢ǰȱŗŚŘȱǻŚǼǰȱřşśȬŚŗŘǰȱDZȱŗŖǯřŘŖŖȦ JRPL.142.4.395-412 ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯ
(51) ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŗřǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱěȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱ ǯȱ DZȱȱ ȱ
(52) ȱȱ ȱǰȱŝȱǻŗǼǰȱşŝȬŗŖşǰȱDZȱŗŖǯśşŜŚȦǯŝŗǯŗŗŞ ǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȬǰȱ ȱȱȬȱȱěȱ¢ȱȱǻ ȱ ȱ Ǽǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǰȱǯȱ ȱ £DZȱ ĴDZȦȦǯǯ ǯȦȦȏȏȏŘŖŖŚŗŘȏǯ Goth, K., Foelsch, P., Schlüter-Müller, S., Birkhölzer, M., Jung, E., Pick, O., Schmeck, K. ǻŘŖŗŘǼǯȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱěȱȱȱȮȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȬȱtionnaire AIDA. ȱȱȱ¢¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱŜȱǻŗǼǰȱŘŝǰȱDZȱ ŗŖǯŗŗŞŜȦŗŝśřȬŘŖŖŖȬŜȬŘŝ. ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşŚşǼǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ¢ǰȱŚȱǻşǼǰȱřŝŚȬřŞŘǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦŖŖśŞŝŘŞ ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşşŞǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻřȱǯǼǯȱ ȱ ǰȱDZȱȱ ȱǯ ǰȱǯ
(53) ǯǰȱǰȱ
(54) ǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱ ȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱĴȱǵȱȱview of the literature.
(55) ȱȱ¢ǰȱŝŘȱǻŚǼǰȱŝŘŝȬŝŜŖǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦǯŖŖŘŘȬ řśŖŜǯŘŖŖŚǯŖŖŘŝŞǯ¡ ¢ǰȱǯȱǻŗşŚśǼǯȱȬ¢DZȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǯȱ ȱDZȱ ȱǯ ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşŞŝǼǯȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȬȱness and depression.
(56) ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢¢ǰȱśŘȱǻŚǼǰȱŜŜřȬŜŝŜǰȱ DZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŖŘŘȬřśŗŚǯśŘǯŚǯŜŜř ĵǰȱǯ
(57) ǯǰȱǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖřǼǯȱȱȱDZȱȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ěǯȱ
(58) ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢¢ǰȱŘŘȱǻśǼǰȱśřŝȬśśşǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗśŘŗȦǯŘŘǯśǯśřŝǯŘŘşŘŝ £ǰȱǯ
(59) ǯǰȱ£¢ǰȱ
(60) ǯǰȱ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱ £ȱ£¢ȱ£ȱȮȱȱȱ ¢ęȱ¢£ȱ£¿£ȱ£ȱ¢ ¿ȱ £ £ǯȱ¢ȱÙ£ǰȱŜȱǻŘǼǰȱŗŗřȬŗŘŞǯȱ ǰȱǯǯȱǻŗşŞŞǼǯȱ ǰȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ¢DZȱȱȱȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱǰȱDZȱȱ ȱǯ McAdams, D.P., Bauer, J.J., Sakaeda, A.R., Anyidoho, N.A., Machado, M.A., MagriȬǰȱ ǯǰȱǯǯǯȱǰȱ
(61) ǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŜǼǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢DZȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ
(62) ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱŝŚȱǻśǼǰȱŗřŝŗȬŗŚŖŖǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦǯŗŚŜŝȬŜŚşŚǯŘŖŖŜǯŖŖŚŗŘǯ¡ ǰȱ ǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢¢ȱǰȱŘȱǻŚǼǰȱŗŜŞśȬŗŝŖŘǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦǯŗŝśŗȬşŖŖŚǯŘŖŖŞǯŖŖŗŘŚǯ¡. strona 390.
(63) ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱĴǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŜǼǯȱȂȱĴȱǻȱǼȱDZȱ ¢ȱȱȱ meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults. ȱ¢¢ǰȱŚŘȱǻŚǼǰȱŝŗŚȬŝŘŘǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦŖŖŗŘȬŗŜŚşǯŚŘǯŚǯŝ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖşǼǯȱȱ¢ȱ¡¢DZȱ ȱrelates and antecedents. ȱȱǭȱ ȱǰȱŗŘȱǻŗǼǰȱŝşȬşŚǰȱDZȱ ŗŖǯŗŗŝŝȦŗřŜŞŚřŖŘŖŞŖşŞŝŝŞȱ ǰȱ ǯǰȱ
(64) ǰȱ ǯǯȱ ǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ identity development. ȱ
(65) ȱȱ¢¢DZȱ ¢ȱȱ, 142 ǻŜǼǰȱŜŚśȬŜśśǰȱDZȱŗŖǯřŘŖŖȦ
(66) ǯŗŚŘǯŜǯŜŚśȬŜśś ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŗŘǼǯȱ ¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ Čïǯȱ DZȱ ǯ
(67) ǯȱ ǰȱǯȱ £ǰȱ ǯȱ Ù£Úǰȱ ǯȱ £ȱ ǻǯǼǰȱ £ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ¢ȱǻǯȱŗŜŝȬŗŞŞǼǯȱ£ÚDZȱ¢ ȱ ȱȱ UAM. ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŚǼǯȱȬȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ Ȭǯȱȱ¢¢ǰȱřřǰȱŗřŖȬŗśŚǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖŖŝȦŗŘŗŚŚȬŖŗřȬşŘŖŘȬś ǰȱǯǰȱÚǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗřǼǯȱȱÙ£ȱ £ȱĚ¢ï ǻÙ¢ȱ Ǽǯȱ£ÚDZȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱǯ ǰȱǯǰȱ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱDZȱ
(68) ǯǯȱǰȱ ǯ
(69) ǯȱ ǰȱ
(70) ǯȱ ȱǻǯǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱǻǯȱŗŝŗȬŗşŘǼǯȱ ȱǰȱ DZȱȱ ȱǯ Ȭǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŗşşşǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ¡¢ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ěǰȱ Řŝȱ ǻŘǼǰȱ řŚŗȬřśŜǰȱ DZȱ ŗŖǯŗŖŗŜȦŖŗşŗȬŞŞŜşǻşŞǼŖŖŘŚŝȬś ǰȱǯȱǻŗşśşǼǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȬȱ ǯȱDZȱǯȱ ȱǻǯǼǰȱ¢¢DZȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱǯȱřDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ (s. 236ȬŘśŝǼǯȱ ȱǰȱDZȱ ȱ ǯ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱěȱȱȬ¡¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱ
(71) ȱ ¢ȱǰȱŚŜȱǻŘǼǰȱŗŘŝȬŗřŚǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦǯŖŖŘŗȬśřŜŞǯŘŖŖŚǯŖŖŘŚŚǯ¡ ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ¢ǰȱ ǯǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯ
(72) ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻŗşşŝǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱȬȱȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ
(73) ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢¢ǰȱŝřȱǻŜǼǰȱŗřŞŖȬŗřşřǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖřŝȦȦŖŖŘŘȬřśŗŚǯŝřǯŜǯŗřŞŖ ǰȱ
(74) ǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱDZȱ ȱ ǯȱ
(75) ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ŝŘȱ ǻřǼǰȱ ŚřŝȬŚśşǰȱ DZȱ ŗŖǯŗŗŗŗȦǯ ŖŖŘŘȬřśŖŜǯŘŖŖŚǯŖŖŘŜŞǯ¡ ǰȱǯȱǻŗşşŜǼǯȱ¢£ȱȱ
(76) ǯȱ£ DZȱ
(77) ǯȱȱǭȱǯ ¢Ùǰȱ ǯǰȱ
(78) ǰȱ ǯǰȱ £ǰȱ ǯȱ ǻȱ ŘŖŗŖǼǯȱ ȱ àïȱ
(79) ȱ ǻȬ
(80) Ǽǯȱ ȱ ¢£ǰȱŚŞȱǻŘǼǰȱřŗȬŚřǯ ǰȱǯǯǰȱ ǰȱǯ
(81) ǯǰȱ ǰȱ
(82) ǯȱǻŘŖŖśǼǯȱȬęDZȱȱȱȱǯȱDZȱǯȱ¢ǰȱ
(83) ǯȱ¢ȱǻǯǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻǯȱřŜŝȬřŞřǼǯȱ ȱ ǰȱDZȱȱ ȱǯ ǰȱǯ ǯǰȱǰȱǯǯȱǻŘŖŖŗǼǯȱȱȱȱǻŚȱǯǼǯȱȱ. ǰȱDZȱ¢ȱǭȱǯ strona 391.
(84) ǰȱǯǯǰȱ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯ
(85) ǯȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯȱȱ ȱȬȱȱ peer-reported integrative self-knowledge and the Big Five factors in Iran. ȱ¢¢ǰȱŘŝȱǻřǼǰȱŗŜşȬŗŝŜǰȱDZȱŗŖǯŗŖŖŝȦŗŘŗŚŚȬŖŖŞȬşŖřŖȬŗ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱȱ¢ȱ
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