u1-tcpopMa11uu e coepeMeH1-toi1 npecce
MAPrAPl1TA A. KOPMl1JU11(hIHA
(Capamoe)
Tipo6neMa 3KOHOMHH peąeBbIX cpe)].CTB BeCbMa aKTyanhHa )].ml Bcex cpe,n:cTB coBpeMettttoił MaccoBoił KOMMYHHKaQHH.
C
o.n:ttoił cTopottbI, Bee B03pacTaeT nOTOK HHq>OpMaQHH, KOTopyIO HY)l(HO 6hICTpO, ąeTKO H B TO )l(e BpeMll MaKCHManbHO )].OCTynHO )].OHeCTH )].0 MaCCOBOH ay;::i:11Top1111. C .n:pyroił CTOpOHbl, 3q>HpHoe BpeMll (KaK 11 neąaTHbie nTIOII.\a.n:11) O'łeHb )].Oporo, )l(eCTKO pernaMeHTHpOBaHO. TIOHllTHO , 'łTO Bna,n:eHHe OCHOBHbIMl1 cnoco6aMH KOMnpeccm-1 BbICKa3bIBamrn 11 TeKCTa B QenoM, KOTOpbie conpOBO)l()].ałOTCll KOH)].eHCaQHeH, yBeTIH'łeHHeM co.n:ep)l(aTenbHOH eMKOCTl1 npOCTbIX no q>OpMe KOHCTPYKQHH, CTaHOBHTCll ąpe3BbI'łaHHO B a)l(Hb! M . TipH BbI6ope 113 CHHOHl1MH'łeCKOro pll)].a cpe,n:cTB nepe,n:a'łH O)].HOH H TOH )l(e 11Hq>OpMaQHl1 )l(ypttanHCT, KaK npaBHTIO, OT)].aeT npe.n:noąTett11e, C O)].HOH CTOpOHbl, caMbIM npOCTbIM no q>OpMe, pe,n:yQHpOBaHHbIM, a C .n:pyroił - Ha116onee Bbipa-311TenbHbIM, 3KCnpeCCHBHbIM cpe,n:CTBaM. Qąettb ąacTO HMeHHO 3KOHOMHbie c p e)].CTBa n o M o r aIO T C 0 3)].aB aTb B 0 3)].eH CTB Y IOU{He Ha a.n:p ec aT a 3KcnpeCCHBHbie TeKCThl. Bee 3TO npHBO)].HT K aKTHBH3aQHl1 B ll3b!Ke MaCCOBOH K O MMYHHKa QJ111 pa3H006pa3HblX cpe,n:CTB , npHBO)].llII.\HX K Bep6anbHOH KOMnpeCCHH TeKCTOB. 3TO .n:ano B03M0)1(HOCTb roBOpHTb 06 3KCnaHCl1H KOH)].eHCHpoBaHHbIX KOHCTpYKQl1H KaK 06 O,n:HOH «113 HaH6onee O'łeBH)].HbIX HHHOBaQHH B rpaMMaTHKe pyccKoro ll3bIKa 3a nocne)].HHe .n:ecllrnnernll» (HopMaH1 998: 58).
MaTepHaJIOM ,lI)lll Haurnx Ha6JIIO)].eHHH Ha)]. npoQeCCOM 3KOHOMHH B ll3hIKe npeCCbl nocny)l(HTIH 06II.\eCTBeHHO-nOJIHTl1'łeCKHe TeKCTbl HH<pOpMaTl1BHOro
Stylistyka XIV
H attaJIHTw:1ecKoro xapaKTepa H3 raJeT «MocKOBCKHH KOMCOMoneu;» (MK), «PoccHHCKaH ra3ern» (PI'), «JlHTepaTypttaH raJeTa» (Jlr), «H3BeCTHH».
H3BeCTHO, '-ITO pyccKHl1 513bIK o6na,u:aeT pa3BeTBJieHHOl1 CHCTeMOH cpe,U:CTB KOMnpecCHH BblCKa3bIBaHHl1 11 TeKCTOB, n03BOJI51IOll.\HX roBOpHll.\eMy/aBTOpy 3KOHOMHTb peY:eBbie ycHnHH (Bep6aJibHble cpe,U:CTBa) npH nepe,u:aqe 1rncpopMau.1111. OAHHM 113 TaKHX cpe,u:cTB ·HBJIHeTcH cTpyKTyptto npocTOe npe,U:JIO)l(eHHe, HOMH HaTHBHOe 3HaYeHHe KOTOporo CKna,U:bIBaeTC51 H3 HeCKOJibKHX npon03HLJ.Hl1, TO eCTb HMeHOBaHHH HeCKOJibKHX CHTyau.1111, co6b!TH H , <p aKTOB , 0 6 ll.\eCTB eHHO-TTOJIHTHY:eCKHX npou.ecco B . Ilp11 CTPYKTyptto11 npocToTe, TO ecTb MHHHMYMOM H3bIKOBbIX cpe,u:cTB , OHH cnoco6Hbl 3Ha'łl1TeJibHO ycJIO)l(Hl1Tb 11 pacurnpHTb co,u:ep)I{aTenbHblH nnaH C006ll.\eHH51. O6beM 11H<pOpMaLJ.HH, 3aKnIOY:eHHbll1 B npoCTblX npe,u:no)I{eHH51X TaKoro THna, pacwHp51eTC51 AO BeCbMa 3Ha4HTenbHblX pa3MepoB. TaKHe npe,U:JIO)l(eHH51 o6pa3yIOTC51 B pe3yJihTaTe ceMaHTHKO-CHHTaKCHY:eCKHX npou.ecCOB HOMHHaJIH3aLJ.HH, aTPH6yTH3au;1111, a,u:Bep611an113aLJ.HH H AP- 3TH npou.ecCbl TT03BOJI51IOT BBeCTH B npeAJIO)l(eHHe Ha npaBax OAHOrO H3 ero KOMTTOHeHTOB (o6513aTeJibHOro HnH cpaKyJibTaTHBHOro), nOMHMO y)I{e aKTyaJil130BaHHOH 6a30BOl1 npon03HU.HH, npono3HLJ.HH AOTTOJIHHTeJibHbie, He HMeIOll.\He caMOCT051TenbHOro aKTyaJIH3aUHOHHoro MexaHH3Ma.
B attaJIH3HpyeMblX HaMH TeKCTaX COBpeMeHHOH npeCCbl HaH6onee aKTHBeH npou.ecc HOMHHan113au;1111, Be,U:b HHq>OpMaI..J;HOHHO-aHaJIHTHY:eCKHe TeKCTbl OTJIH':laeT nogyepKHyTa51 3Ha4HMOCTb cpaKTOB H BCeH nepe,u:aBaeMOH HHq>OpMaU.HH. OHH HaCbill.\eHbl a6cTpaKTHOl1 neKCHKOH, Ha3bIBaIOll.\eH Ba)I{He11w11 e npou;ecCbl B TTOJil1Tl14eCKOl1 )I{l13HH 0 6 ll.\eCTB a , Y: aCTO o6pa3oBaHHOl1 B pe3yJibTaTe npouecca HOMHHanH3aI..J;HH HJIH BXOAHll.\eH B COCTaB HOMHHaJIH30BaHHblX KOHCTPYKUHH. TaKHe npOCTbie npeAJIO)ł(eHH51 peaJIH3YIOT CTpeMJieHHe )I{ypHaJIHCTa K 6bICTp011, 'łeTKOH, K paTKOH KOMMYHHKaUHH C coxpaHeHHeM MaKCHMyMa HHq>OpMaUHH, 4TO TT03BOJI51eT e M y p eaJI H 3 0 B a Tb O C H OB H Y IO cp y H K U H IO np e c C bl - H H cp o p M a u; HOHHO-B03,U:eHCTBYIOll.\YIO. BoT HeCKOJibKO npHMepOB 11CTTOJib 30BaHH51 HOMHHaJIH30BaHHbIX KOHCTPYKUHH B HHq>OpMaTHBHbIX C006ll.\eHH51X: Poc nycK MUp080U KOJlOHUQJlbHOU cucmeMbl 8 XOOe nepexooa K nocm UHOy cmpUQJlbHOMY cmp010 U pocnycK MH0201lQl,(.UOHQJlb1lblX COl,(.UQJlU cmut{eCKUX 2ocyoapcmB -
CCCP,
l020cnaeuR, l.JexocnoBaKuR - eU(.e 6onee ycununu cmpeMllemm K C030QHUIO He3Q6UCUMblX 2ocyoapcme (MK OT 23 H0516p51 2004); Yny'ł tueHue o 6U(.eU amMoc<JJepbl MeJICHQl,(.UOHQJl b H blX o m H O UJeHUU, cmpoumellbCmBO nOOJlUHH020 qJeoepQJlU3MQ 6 31lQ'łUmeJlbHOU cmeneHU 6yoemcnoco6cmeoeamb nocmpoeHu/0 e cmpaHe 2paJ1COaHcK020 o6u,ecmea u yKpenneHU/0 6e30naCHOCmu J-taute20 2ocyoapcmea (Pr 2004, Ng271 ).
IIpaB,D;a , HCITOJlb30Bam1e TaK HX npHeMOB 3KOHOMHOH nepe,D;a'-IH HH<pOpMaQml rpe6yeT OT )l{ypttaJJHCTa 60JihUIOH OCTOpO)l{HOCTH. EMy HY)l{HO ITOCTOHHHO ITOMHHTb o TOM , '!TO nepe,D;aBaeMaH HH<pOpMaQHH .D:OJI)l{Ha 6b!Tb ITOHHTHa MaCCOBOMY a,D;pecaTy. OHa He ,n:om1rna Bbl3bIBaTb 3arpy,D;HeHHH npH ee BocnpHHTHH . Ilo3TOMY He)KeJiaTeJibHbl MHOfOKOMITOHeHTHbie, rpo M03AKHe, «TH)KeJibie» KOHCTPYKl..{HH, COCTOHll.{He H3 AJIHHHblX Qeno'!eK K O HAeHCHpoBa H H bIX H O M H H aJIH30BaHHbI X K O H CTP Y K Q11 H , B ITOJIHe A0ITYCT11Mhle B Hay'!HOH H ,D;eJIOBOH pe'!H. Hx 'łaCTOe HCITOJlb30BaHHe npH nepe,D;a'!e HH<pOpMaQHH HBJIHeTCH noKa3aTerreM He,D;OCTaTO'!HO BblCOKOfO npo1pecc110Harrhttoro ypoBHH pe'łeBoił KYJihTYPhI )KypHarrHcTa. B nepBoM npHBe,D;eHHOM Ha MH npHMepe )l{ypttaJIHCT BKJllO'łaeT B npOCTOe npeAJIO)KeHHe MHOfOKOMITOHeHTHOe MOJleKyrrHpHoe CJlOBOCO'łeTaHHe, KOTOpoe HBJIHeTCH CJIHIUKOM rpoM03,!l;KHM H, 6e3yCJIOBHO, 3aTpyAHHeT BOCnpHHTHe HH<pOpMaQ HH MaCCOBblM '!HTaTeJieM . Bo BTOpOM npHMepe HCITOJlb30BaHO cpa3y HeCKOJlbKO HOMHHaJIH30BaHHbIX KOHCTPYKQHH, HO OHH ropa3,n:O MeHbUie no 0 6 b e M y , BKJlIO 'łeHhl B CO'!HHHTeJlbHbIH PHA, p a3,D;erreHbl 3HaKaMH npenHH3HHH, IT03TOMY rrerqe BOCnpHHHM3IOTC51 a,D;pecaTOM . BpHA JlH ITOHHTHOCTH nporpaMMbl OAHOfO H3 KaHAHAaTOB B npe3H,n:eHTbl Ha BhI6opax
2004
ro,D;a C.IO.rrra3beBa, BbICTynaBlllero B Ka'!eCTBe 3all.{HTHHKa HHTepeCOB npocToro '!eJioBeKa, cnoco6crn0Barr11 TaKHM o6pa30M c1popMyn11poBaHHhie nporpaMMHbie 3a,D;a 'łH: M bi euoUM peaJlbHble 803MOJ/CHOcmu noOHRmb ypoeeHb J/CU3HU e cmpaHe i-Le MeHee '-leM eoeoe. /{llfl 3mo20 Heo6xoOUMO 06ecne1.Jumb cnpaeeOJIU80e pacnpeoeJieHue HQt{UOHQJlbJ-1020 ooxooa '-lepe3 oeyKpamHoe noe51iueHue onnamb1 mpyoa u oeyKpamHoe yeeJiu'-leHue ooxoooe 6100J1Cema 1a C'-lem eo1epama 2ocyoapcmey ceepxnpu6b1J1u om npupoOHblX pecypcoe (H3BeCTH51 OT16
HHBapH2004).
CnpaBHTbC51 C npo6neMOH o6ecne'!eHH51 npHeMJieMOCTH H rrerKOCTH BOCITpHHTHH TeKCTa npH HCITOJlb30BaHHH 3KOHOMHhIX HOMHH3JlH30BaHHbIX K0HCTPYKQHH ITO M OraeT rrraBH351 CTpaTerHH COBpeMeH HhlX cpeACTB MaCCOBOH HH<pOpMaQHH - crpaTernH 6JIH30CTH K a,D;pecaTy. «B ny6rrH'!HOH pe'!H CTaHOBHTCH B03M0)KHbIM BeCTH ce651 TaK, KaK paHbllle .ll:03BOJ151Jl0Cb ce651 BeCTH TOJlbKO B c<pepe 6bITa, B cqiepe Me)KJIH'-łHOCTHbIX OTHOllleHHH. [ . . . ] Cpe,D;CTBa MaCCOBOH HH<pOpMaQHH npH6JIH3HJlH K ce6e ayAHTOpHIO , paCCTOHHHe Me)KAY aBTOpOM TeKCTa 11 ero norpe6HTeJieM yMeHbllIHJlOCb» (KOHbKOB
2002:77).
nJIH30CTb K a.n;pecaTy IT03B0mleT aBTopy aKTHBHOStylistyka XIV
HCTTOllb3OBaTb Te npHeMbl 3KOHOMHH pe'!eBbIX cpe.n:CTB, KOTOpbie Bcer.u:a OTllH'ianH pa3roBOpHyIO pe'ib OT .n:pyrnx c<pep o6ll.l,eHH51, K urnpoKOMY npOHHKHOBeHHIO B COBpeMeHHYIO npeccy pa3rOBOpHbIX KOHCTpyKLl,HM , KOTOpbie H e TaK .n:aBHO 6hinH npOCTO He.n:onyCTJ.1Mbl B ocjJH1.1,HanbHOM 06ll.l,eHHH. Pe'ib HAeT npe)l(.u:e BCero o xapaKTepHOM An51 pa3rOBOpHOM pe'iH npHeMe 3aMe ll.l,eHH51 «T51)1(ellbIX» HOMHHanH3OBaHHblX KOHCTpyKLl,HM KOHKpeTHbIMH HMeHaMH, KOTOpbie Tpe6y10T co6hITHMHOro npO'!TeHH51, HMeHaMH CHTyal.l,HH. 3TOT npHeM cei-1:qac HCTTOllb3YIOT H )l(ypHanMCTbl. Ero aKTHBHOCTb CB513aHa He TOllbKO C 3KOHOMHOCTblO, HO H C 3KCnpeCCHBHOCTblO, Bbipa3HTeJTbHOCTblO no.u:o6HhlX KOHCTpyKLl,HM: IlpulłeM 3Q Mup01i08Q nJlQmRm H.Q 3 py6.115l 60llbut.e, l[eM 3Q llymuH.a (l13BeCTH51 OT
16
51HBap51 2004); llpomueCayooe AMepuKa eoeeamb y:Hce mOl[H.0 1-1.e 6yoem - ce6e oopo:Hce (l13BeCTH51
2003, N225); Bmopou npoMax «JI6noKa» e mo]';t, l[mo 01-1.0 CbZ2pQJIO 3my u2p
y 1-1.anapy c KOMMy1-1.ucmaMu
(Jlf' 2003, N226).
BnHHHHe pa3rOBOpHOM pe'iH Ha 513b!K COBpeMeHHOM npeCCbl o6ycnoBnMBaeT H aKTHBHOCTb npou.ecca arpH6yTH3al.l,HH - HCTTOJib3OBaHH51 KOHAeHCHpoBaHHblX aTpH6yTHBHbIX K O H CTPYK Ll,HM , npe.n:cTaBnHIOll.l,HX co6011 CT51)1(eHHe npe.D:HKaTHBHOM e.D:HHHLl,bl B aTpH6yTHBHOe cnoBOCO'ieTaHHe. 3TH 3KOHOMHbie KOHCTpy'Kl.l,HH K TOMY )l(e CO3)J,aIOT HenpHBbl'-łHbie, 3KCnpeCCHBHbie, '!aCTO MeTacjlopH'ieCKHe BbICKa3bIBamrn, ycHJTHBaIOll.l,He B03.U:eMCTBHe Ha 'iHTaTeJI51: Jl oyMa10, l[mo e ce20olfflut.H.ee nacMyp1-1.oe, xonoo1-1.oe, l[epcmeoe epeM.R 1-1.au6onee
2JZy60Ko l[yecmeyemcR, KaK 1-1.eoocmaem 3mou c0Kpoee1-1.1-1.ocmu . . .
(Jlf' 2003, N239);
Hem 6onee mepnUM020, 6onee ecenpou,a10u,e20 1-1.apooa, l[eM pyccKuu, l[eM me, K020 H.QUlU nu6epQJlbl H.Q3bl8Q10m . . . «H.eaoanmupOBQH.HOUMQCCOU» (Jlf' 2004, N26). TipHBe.n:eM ell.l,e HeCKOJlbKO npHMepoB no.n:o6HblX 3KOHOMHbIX KOHCTpYKLl,HM, 3aq>HKCHpOBaHHblX TOllbKO B OAHOM HOMepe «JlHTepaTypHOM ra3eTbl»: BJIQCmHG.R. noooep:HCKQ KpUMUHQJlbHblX cmpyKmyp; Henpe083Rmbze 2pa:HCOaH.e;
KJ110l[e8bze u2p0Ku e «pacnpooa:Hcy UMnepuu»; 6eccoeecm1-1.oe paccoebzea1-1.ue no KapMQHQMJIQKOMblX KYCO'łKOB 20CyoapcmeeHH020 nupo2a; 3Q Cl[empyCCKUX Oe1-1.e2;
31-1.ep2Ul[Hbze 3num1-1.b1e 1110ou, npopa6o-nepecmpoel[H.QR 06L4ecmee1-1.1-1.ocmb,
3ampae11e1-1.1-1.oe 1-1.eooyMe1-1.ue, 11u1-1.lły10u,ee 1-1.e20ooea1-1.ue, nepecmpoel[Hoe o6u,ecmeo
H AP-
(Jlf' 2004, N26) .
,[(OBOllbHO 'iaCTO TaKOro po.na KOHCTPYKLl,1111 HCTTOllb3YIOTC51 B 3aronOBKax ny6nHKal.l,HH, OCHOBHa51 cpyHKLl,H51 KOTOpb!X npe)l(.ll:e Bcero peKnaMHaH - npHBne'ib BHHMaHHe '!HTaTerrH, 3aHHTepecoBaTb ero: Ol[eBUOHblU llymu1-1. u ew eepoRmHble KOHKypeHmbz.Ta )l(e crpaTerHH c6m1)1(eH11H c a.u:pecaTOM npHBOAHT K .n:11anor113a1.1,1111 MOHOnon-i'ieCKHX TeKCTOB cospeMeHHOH npeCCbl, 3KCnaHCHH KOHCTpyKLl,H H ,
xapaKTepHhIX .n1u1 .n11anon11-i:ecKoi1 pe1-IH.
M.H.
Km1<11Ha o,nHa H3 nepBhIX o6paTHJia BHHMaHHe Ha BHYTPeHHIOIO .[(HaJiorH'-łHOCTb MOHOJIOrH'-łeCKOH Hay'-IHOH pe'-IH, 0TMeTHB, 1-ITO .n11anor111-IeCKHe e,nHHCTBa, HMHTHpy10m11e )KHBOH .[(Manor, BbinOJIHS!lOT B Hay'-łHbIX TeKCTax B8)[(Hble TeKCT006pa3-yrom11e 11 nparMaTH'-łeCKMe qiyHKl..lHH (KO)KHHa1986,
KO)KHHa1998).
B 0TJIH'-łHe OT ecTeCTBeHHOro .[(Hanora, B COBpeMeHHOH npecce )l(ypHaJIHCTbl 11CilOJib3YlOT 3KOHOMHbie, pe.nyl..lHPOBaHHbie BonpoCHO-OTBeTHbie eAHHCTB a. qame Bcero pe,nyu;11pyeTCSI HH111..ll1aJibHblH Bonpoc, .naeTCH TOJibKO peaKLI;HSI aBTopa Ha npe.nnonaraeMhIH Bonpoc noTeHu;HaJibHoro onnoHeHTa. KaK npaBl1JIO, OHa npe,nCTaBJTS!eT co6oi1 npocTei1wy10 KOHCTPYKl..lHlO B03pa)l(eHl1H TTO.[( BH.[(OM COrJiaCHH: /f.a, OHU OCJIG6JieHbl ce200H.Jl, HO Opyzux-mo Hem(Pr
2003, N2259);
/f.a, OH OuKmamop, HO yJK: mo'lHO He cmpaumee mo20 JK:eKUM
lfeH Jfpa (H3BeCTl1SI
2003, N225);
/f.a, 3mo HenonyJIR.pHGR noJiumuKa, HO HGM nonyJIR.pHocmu u He Haoo(MK OT
23
Hosi6pH2004).
Ilpol..lecc pe.nyl..lHPOBaHHSI KOHCTPYKl..lHH KOCHyncsi 11 BeChMa MHOro1-I11cne HHhIX B TeKcTax coBpeMeHHOH npeccbI aBTop 113y10m11x KOHCTPYKLlH H , KOTOpbie conpOBO)l(.[(alOT llIHpOKO npe,ncTaBJieHHOe B np ecce «'ły)l(Oe CJIOBO»' TT03BOJIHIOmee npeo.noneTh HJI11 3 aByanHpOB aTb H3JIHWHIOIO cy6be KTHBHOCTb B no,naqe HHQ)OpMau;1111. B MeCTO noJIHOH npe,nHKaTHB HOH e,n11HHLlhl, Ha3bIBaIOmei1 HCTO'łHl1K H cnoco6 n oJiy'łeHl1SI HHQ)OpMal..lHH , BhI6HpaIOTCH KOH.[(eHCHpOBaHHbie CTPYKTYPhl, B KOTOpbIX aBTOp113y10maS1 KOHCTPYKl..ll1SI CBOpa'łHBaeTCSI .no .neBep6aTHBa 11 BKJIIO'łaeTCH B npe.[(JIO)l(eHHe Ha npaBax BBOAHoro KOMnoHeHTa: Ilo nooc'lemGM 6eJiopyccKux BJiacmeu, oHa cocmaBJIR.em 5 MJipo. oonJiapoe (Jir
2003, N235);
qacTO aBTop113y10maH KOH CTP YKl..lHH np e,ncTaB JrneT c o 6 o i1 np e,nJI 0 )l( HO-na .ne)l(HYIO qiop My cymecTBHTeJibHOro co 3Ha"leHHeM HCT0'łHHKa HHQ)OpMal..lHH. CTaH,napTHa qiopMa no CJIOBGMX,
no MHeHu10X: II
o cnoBGMA
6pGM.oea, cei'l'lac B pecny6nuKe cno JK: unacb o6cmaHO.BKa, Komop aR n 0 3 BOnR em wup e np ueneKam b uHocmpaHHbZU Kanuman(Pr
OT27
Hosi6pH2004);
Ilo MHe1tu10 aemopoe, no Mepe nu6epGJIU3Gł,fUU 1,feH _Ha 2G3 6yoym 8KJI10'lGmbCfl. pblltO'lHb!e MeXGHU3Mb! pe2yJiupoeaHuR B ompacnu(Pr
OT7
,neKa6pH2004).
K cpe,ncTBaM 3KOHOMHOH nepe,na'-IH HHQ)OpMaLI;HH OTHOCHTCSI, KOHe'łHO, H C03.[(aHHe TaK Ha3hlBaeMoro «BepTHKaJibH0ro» TeKCTa nyTeM HCn OJib30BaHHSI npel..le.neHTHbIX qieHOMeHOB. OHl1 no3BOJISIIOT «C)l(aTb» TeKCT 3a C'łeT 0TCblJIKH K y)l(e HMe10m11 MCSI y MaCC0BOro a.npecaTa 3HaHHSIM H npe,ncTaBJi e H l1 SI M . Il p el..le.neHTHbi e. qi e H O M e H bl y cHJI H B aIOT 0 6 my10 3M0l..lHOHaJibHO-OLI;eHO'łHYIO TOHaJibHOCTb ra3eTHOro TeKCTa, ((Q)l(HBJIHIOT»
Stylistyka XIV
TeKCT, TT03BOJI.silOT aBTopy ycTaHOBHTb KOHTaKT C '-IHTaTeJieM nyTeM onopbl
Ha o6w.HoCTh KYJihTYPHO-.sI3hIKOBOH KOMneTeHI..\Htt. KpoMe Toro, OHH ,n:a10T
B03MO)l(HOCTb aBTopy YHTH OT HHOr,n:a He)l(eJiaTeJibHOH np.sIMOH OI_\eHKH TOH
l,WH HHOH CHTY31.\HH HJIH JIH'-IHOCT11, 33MeHHB npHMYIO OI_\eHKY KOCBeHHOH.
IlpHMepoB npeI_\e,n:eHTHblX TeKCTOB, BblCKa3hIB3HHH, HMeH, CHTyaI_\HH - Macca
B COBpeMeHHOH npecce. Oco6eHHO MHoro HX, '-13CTO TP3HC<pOpMHpOB3HHbIX,
B 3arorrOBKax CTaTeH, .n:a 11 B caMHX TeKCTaX OHl1 BhinOJIHHlOT Ba)l<HYIO
TeKCT0-06pa3y10w.YIO cpyHKI_\HlO. BOT TOJibKO HeCKOJibKO npHMepoB: 3mom «nnaT.J
Jlpoc,iaeHbl» MHe HenoHRmeH (o CHTyau;HH c Xo,n:opKOBCKHM - MK OT
26
HOH6pH
2003);
Ha 3anaoe Hem ((3QJl0206blX ayK71UOH06», Ha KOmOpblX 3a
6100:>1eemHble OeHb2U MOJICHO nonyT.Jumb KOHmpOllb Hao 2ocyoapcmeeHHblM
npeonpUfl.mueM (TaM )l(e). C nOMOUJ.blO OTCblHKH K npeI_\e,n:eHTHblM TeKCTaM
)l(ypHaJIHCTbl cpopMyrrttpyIOT npo6rreMHbie Te311Cbl CBOHX aHaJIHTH'-1.eCKHX
CTaTeH, CTpO.sIT CHCTeMy apryMeHTOB, B KOHe'-IHOM C'-leTe BblCTpaHBalOT caM
TeKCT: KaK ;J/CaJlb, T.Jmo Hem ce200Hfl. Hoeo20 MuxaUJZa Eyn2aKoea, KomopblU
onucaJI 6bl HOttHb1e 3acmoJZbfl. u 6eceObl e Kueee coepeMeHHbZX Typ6uHHblX, a
maK:>1ee Mb1UłJlaeecK020, Cmy03UHCK020, lllepeuHcK020. 11, KOHeT.JHO, JlapuoHa
Cyp:>1eaHcK020 U3 )KumoMupa. HenpeMeHHO U3
)KumoMupa
-
ezo MHeHue 06
opaH:>1eeeoupeeon1071uu Ha.M 6bllzo 6b1 KpaCme ea;;,cHo Y3Hamb
(Pf 2004, N2273).
K
3KOHOMHbIM cnoco6aM nepe,n:a'-IH HH<pOpMau;HH B coBpeMeHHhIX CMM.
crre.n:yeT OTHeCTH H MeTacpopH33U:HIO : MeTacpopy He,n:apoM HHOr,n:a
onpe,n:eJI.sIIOT KaK C)l(3TOe cpaBHeHHe, a MeTOHHMHlO KaK C)l(aToe on11cam1e. B
HeKOTOpbIX ny6rrHK3I_\HHX MeTacpopa CTaHOBHTCH caMOCTO.sITeJibHblM
TeKCT006pa3y10ru.HM cpe,n:CTBOM: 11maK, y OOH020 yT.JacmHuKa
-
6blCmynJZeHue
cnopmueHoe (npaeoa, c KeM oH, co6cmeeHHO, copermyemrn?), y ocmaJlbHblX
-noKa3ameJZbHble. KaKoe :>1ee peaJZbHO pa3b12pb1eaeMb1u npu3? Cepe6po?
BnpoT.JeM, u 3mo mo:>1ee u3eecmHo: 310zaHoe UJZu opy2ou KaHouoam om KII P<P
mym u36upameJZb KpenKuu, ezo He nepewu6ewb HUT.JeM. To2oa -
6poH3a? /{a,
eom 30ecb ecmb HeonpeoeneHHocmb . . .
(Pf
OT
16
,n:eKa6p.si
2003).
Ew.e OAHH
npHMep: B umo2e MUp06Qf/. 60UHa . . . 2omoeumcf/. npfl.MO Ha HaUlUX 2Jla3aX KGK
6aHaJlbHblU 20llllU6Y0CKUU 6blCOK06100:>1eemHblU </JullbM. 11paK
-
CoeMOl/HQf/.
nnoU{.aOKa. Eyw u XyceuH -
2naeHb1e 2epou. /{06pb1u MaJZbT.JUK u 3JZOU MaJlbl/UK.
Bon.nu oeopoeou wnaHbl Mupoeou nonumuKu
-
I'epMaHuu u <Ppa1t71uu, xoouewux
noo PYKY C KOpoJZeM oeopa AMepuKOU,- xopoUlaf/. oonOJZHumeJZbHaf/.
MeJZoOpa.MamuT.JecKaf/. uHmpu2a. /{06pb1e opy3bfl. ccopRmcfl. e 071eHKe cnoco6oe
ycmpa1teHUf/. Mupoeo20 3JZa. E100;;,cem noo coeMKU 6noK6acmepa Ha Kpoeu
BblOeJZeH. MaccoeKa ( eouHcKuii Ko1tmuH2eHm CIIIA u apMuu 11paKa) K HaT.JaJIY
pa6ombl Hao KapmuHou 20m0Bbl. lluap y 6yoyL4e20 KUHOrjJWlbMa MOL4Heu.U1.uu, nputJeM ytJacmey,om 8 HeM KQK cmopOHHUKU BOUHbl, maK U ee npomu8HUKU . . . (lifaBecnu1
2003, NQ25).
B Ka'leCTBe cpe.n,CTBa 3K0H0Ml1Jil peąeBbIX YCJilJil1H B COBpeMeHHOH npecce
aKTHBH0 HCTT0Jib3YlOTC51 KaBbl'IKl1. l1 ecm1 Mbl .n.o CHX nop r0B0pHJIH B 0 C H 0 B H 0 M 0 6 3 K O H O M H O H n epe.n,a ą e B e I..QeCTB e H H O H , o6b eKTHB H O H 11HcpOpMaU.Jil11, TO KaBbl'IKl1 TT03B0JUIIOT aBT0PY 11MTTJIJilU.11p0BaTb H e T0Jibl<0 o6beKTHBHbie, HO H MH0rHe cy6beKTHBHbJe CMbICJJbl BbICKa3bJBaHH51 H u.eJiblX 0TPe3K0B TeKCTa. KaBbI'IKl1 nonmpyHKI..J.HOHaJibHbI, ąpe3BbI'laHHO 3Kcnpecc-11BHbI. OHl1 MoryT no.n,ąepKHYTb aBT0pCKYIO Hp0Hl1IO, o6paTl1Tb BHl1MaHHe a.n,p ecaTa Ha C03HaTeJJbH0e JilCTT0JJb30BaHH51 He06bJ'IHOro, a 11H0r.n,a H HeH0pMHp0BaHH0ro cpe.n,CTBa. KaBbl'IKl1 MoryT HCTT0JJb30BaTbC51 aBT0p0M )l,fl51 a1<Tyarr113aU.HH 0T)l,eJJbHbIX K0MTT0HeHT0B BbICKa3blBaHl151, )l,JI51 C03.n,aHJil51 51pKoro 3KCnpecCHBH0ro o6pa3a. C Il0M0I..QblO_ KaBbJ'leK )KypHaJJl1CT M0)KeT Il0Ka3aTb CBOe HenpH51Tl1e .n,aHHOH T0'łl<H 3peHH51, 0TCTpaHl1TbC51 OT Hee.B
K0He'IH0M HTore 0Hl1 BCer.n,a HeCyT onpe.n,eJJeHHYlO aBT0pCKYlO ou.eHKy nepe.n,aBaeMOH HHq>OpMaI..J.HH.B
TO )Ke BpeM51 KaBbl'IKH SIBJISllOTC51 )J,fl51 a.n,pecaTa CHrHaJJ0M ycJJ0)KHeHl151 CMbICJJa BbICKa3bJBaHH51, CHrHaJJ0M HaJIH '11151 B HeM KaKOH-TO He Bbipa)KeHHOH Bep6aJJbHO HHcpOpMaU.HH, K0T0pa51 TPe6yeT .n,on0JIHHTeJJbH0ro 0CMbICJieHHSI. Ee3 MbICJJeHHOH 3KCilJJHKaU.HH, K 0 M M eHTapHSI C M bI CJJ B bI CKa3bJ B a H H SI H e 6y.n,eT a.n,eKBaTH0 Il 0HSIT. OnHCaTeJJhHaSI n epe.n,aąa CMhlCJJ a KaBhl'łeK Tpe6yeT 3Ha'łHTeJJbH0ro pacnmpeHHSI CMbICJJa BbICKa3bJBaHHSI HJJH Bcero TeKCTa, BBe.n,eHHSI cneu.H aJJbHbIX peąeBbIX K0HCTPYKU.HH, npe.n,cTaBJJ51IOI..QHX co6oH KOMMeHTap11H. KaBbl'IKH MoryT nepe.n,aBaTb TaKHe CMbICJJbJ:- SI TT0Jib3YlOCb 3THM CJJ0B0M (51 BbI611pa10 3T0 CJIOBO), X0TSI 3Hal0, 'łT0 OHO He HCTT0JJh3yeTCSI B TaK0M K0HTeKCTe: : Ph cmpaH 6bl8Ule20 COtflla2epR noKa 'lmo Bpooe 6bl «OmMemUllUCb)) llUUlb 08Q U3 mpex MOllOOblX 'llleHOB HA
TO
-ilOllbUlQ u l./exUH. (Jir2002, NQ42).
KaBbl'IKH Il03B0JISllOT aBTOpy Bl<JllO'laTb B TeKCT Oq>HU.HaJibHblX CTaTeH .n,a)Ke )Kapr0HH3MbJ: Ho HQUle 2ocyoapcmeoHutJe20 npocmo maK He oenaem. «06ymb» n10oeii
OllJI.
He20, He cnpocR pa3Mepa,60llbUI.Oe y0080llbCm8ue (Jir
2002, NQ45);
- SI Hp0HH3Hpyro Ha.n, Tal<OH ou.eHKOH SIBJJeHHSI 11Jil1 rr11u.a: I'pynnupOBKU Eacaeea, Xamma6a u npotJux «noneBblX KOMaHoupoB» He nonQflu. CaMu «KOMQHOUpbl» maK:>1<:e He 6blllU 8 He20 8Kll10'łeHbl (Jir
2002, NQ42);
Jf He nomoMy, 'łmo cmpacmu HaKQfleHbl, a nomoMy, 'łmo «JampaBHUKU» MumuH20B He xomRm cnywamb ceoux onnoHeHmoB(Pr 2004,NQ264);
KaKuMu 6bz-Stylistyka XIV
8blCOKOmOttHblMU HU 6blJIU aMepuKaHCKUe paKembl, om «cnyttaUHblX» nonaOaHUU M02ym nocmpaoamb U :JICUllble K8apmallbl, U UHOCmpaHHb!e nOCOllbCm8a, pa36pocaHHb1e no eceMy Ea2oaoy (l13Becnu1 2003, Ng25);
- SI CTaBmo CITOBO B KaBbl4KH, 4T06bJ no,a:qepKHYTb, 4TO 3TO TpHBHaITbHOe (6aHanbHoe) Bb1pa)KeHHe, OHO He npHHa,a:ne)KHT MHe: Bnepeb1e e ceoeu HoeeuUt.eu ucmopuu HaUt.a 6bl8Ut.aR «M11ao uwa cecmpa» maK cepbe3HO cocpeoomottunacb Ha eb16ope ceoeu -yKpauHcKou - uoeHmuttHocmu
(Pr 2004,
Ng265);
/{na He20 HTB - He 1apa6amb18a10U(.aR cmpyKmypa, a ece20 llUUl.b«a2eHm 8JIURHUR» (l13BeCTHSI
2003, NQ
1 8);
- SI TTOITb3YIOCb 3THM CITOBOM, TTOHHMaSI, 4TO 3TO MOe HOB006pa30BaHHe: Bnocneocmeuu oH 6yoem py2amb «6noKocmpoumenbcmeo» KaK cnoco6 JaeoeeaHUR cUMnamuu U36upamenR (Jir
2002, Ng42);
0Hu eeob 6ypHo «3aKo HonpoeKmupy10m» OllR HaceneHUR e L{ellOM (Jir2002, Ng45).
KaBbl4KH SIBITSIJOTCSI H 3KOHOMHblM cpe,a:CTBaM nepe,a:a4H 4Y)KHX CITOB. B TaKOM cnyqae 4Y)KOe CITOBO BBO,U:HTCSI B TeKCT 6e3 BCSIKOro aBTOpCKOrO conpoBO)K,a:emrn.
C
noMOIIJ.bIO KaBb!YeK aBTop npe,a:ynpe)K,a:a eT a.a:pecaTa, 4TO OH ,U:OCITOBHO nepe,a:aeT 4Y)KYIO HHq>OpMaQHIO HITH MHeHHe. l1cT04HHK qy)Koro cnoBa HITH Ha3brnaeTCSI B npe,a:TeKCTe, HITH 3TH cnoBa, KaK fOBOpHTCSI, y BCex «Ha cnyxy», H Y3HaTb HX aBTOpa He COCTaBITSieT HHKaKoro Tpy,a:a . l1Hor.a:a )Ke aBTOpy npOCTO BblfO,U:HO He Ha3b!BaTb HCTO4HHK HHq>OpMaQHH. KpoMe Toro, TaKOH cnoco6 nepe,a:a4H 4Y)KHX CITOB 3KOHOMeH, TaK KaK 0O3-BOITSleT He npHBO,U:HTb ,U:OCITOBHO Bee 4Y)KOe BblCKa3bIBaHHe, a Bb16paTb 113 Hero TOITbKO TO, 4TO npe,n:cTaBnSleTCSI aBTopy caMblM Ba)KHblM. ABTOp TeKCTa nonyqaeT BO3MO)KHOCTb, 06xo,a:S1Cb MHHHMYMOM Bep6anbHblX cpe,a:CTB, opraHH3OBaTb noneMHKY C BO3MO)KHblMH onnoHeHTaMH H O,U:HOBpeMeHHO Bb!pa3HTb CBOe MHeHHe, ,a:aTb OQeHKY o6cy)K,a:aeMOMY OOITO)KeHHlO ,a:en: Ho menepb Mbl CllblUt.UM, Hem, He mo, ttmo 2oeopun CmaHucnae I'oeopyxuH ( Hacttem«KpUMUHaJlbHOU pe80lllOL{UU»), U He mo, O tteM 2080pRm uoeoJI02U za3embl «3aempa» ( no noeooy «oKKynaL{UOHH020 pe:>1CUMa»), a mo, ttmo 2oeopam
OeMoKpamutteCKue eo:>1COu «Hoeo20 npU3bl8a».
A
UMeHHo: pe</JopMbl poounu «KanumanucmuttecK020 ypoOLfa>> (Jir1998, Ngl 7).
3THM nyTeM aBTop caMMO)KeT noneMH3HpoBaTb C HeHa3BaHHblM, HO, 6e3 COMHeHHSI, H3BeCTHblM t.{HT aTemo onnoHeHTOM, Bbipa)KaSI CBOIO TO4KY 3peHHSI: Bom 06U(.ecmeeHHOe Hac
mpoeHue, «nottmumenbHO oaeRU(.ee» Ha Ilpe3uOeHma (Pr,
2003, NQ
l ); Om «ttecmHb!X OeMoKpamoe» MO:>ICHO 6blJIO :>!CO amb tte20-mo nouHmepeCHee (TaM )Ke). TaKOBbl TOITbKO HeKOTOpb!e paccMOTpeHHble ffaMH cnoco6bi 3KOHOM HOH nepe,a:a4H HHq>OpMaQHH B COBpeMeHHOH npecce.
B
QenoM )Ke MO)KHOOTM-eTHTb aKTHBHOCTb npm�ecca KOH)];ettcar.vrn, KOMnpeccm1, peAYKLV·IH KOH CTPYKl..\1111, nepe;::,;aIO�HX l1HqJOpMau;1110, KOTOpa� o6ycrrOBJietta KaK 3KC TpaJIHHrBHCTH'-leCKHMl1 cpaKTOpaMH, TaK 11 BHyTpeHHHMH 3aKOHaMH �3b!Ka
cpe)].CTB MaCCOBOH KOMMYHHKaL(J,HI:.
