Threats and monitoring
5.1 DESCRIPTION (DETERMINATION) OF THREATS TO BE IDENTIFIED
AND MONITORED
A property or site and its different values can be se-verely affected by a number of factors – both natu-ral and anthropogenic. The following identification and description of current (and possible) threats to the paper mill premises of great historical value falls into three categories. The description covers threats affecting:
directly the property/attributes;
protection and management system;
the surrounding area and the environment where a property or site is located.
In the process of identifying and describing factors which may have deleterious effect on a property or site, references were made to the typology of threats indicated in the nomination proposal.
THREATS AND MONITORING
Direct threats to a property/attributes
The essence of protecting a property or site is to pre-serve not only its values represented by the attributes but also the features being the evidence of its authen-ticity and integrity (quality of the property or site).
When the objective is defined in this way, assessment of potential threats should be based on indentifying and describing all threats (the existing and the poten-tial ones), which may affect preservation of values and attributes of the property or site. In order to optimize
protection and management actions, it seems appro-priate to define specific threats to each attribute and assess these threats in terms of authenticity and integ-rity of the property or site. The table below shows fac-tors which may have severe impact on the value attrib-utes of the paper mill in Duszniki-Zdrój – indicators for each attribute are determined, threats to each attrib-ute are listed, and, additionally, it is specified wheth-er a particular threat has the same, smallwheth-er, or greatwheth-er impact on how the property is authentic and integral.
Reference:
A authenticity I Integrity
A/I references to both A and I are equally important.
A>I the attribute is of greater importance to how the property or site is authentic A>I the attribute is of greater importance to how the property or site is integral
Relating threats to value attributes of a property or site and the impact which the threats exert on
city layout Preserving the original con-nection between the paper mill and the market (Kłodzka street).
Urban pressure
A˃I Location, given the
watercourses Preserving the former course of the Bystrzyca Dusznicka/re-construction of the flume Location, given the
roads Preserving the original street layout
Spatial layout Paper mill premises
Size Making no changes to the
current size of each building Investment operations involving: overbuilding, extension, and redevelop-ment works
A
Composition layout Making no changes to the
ex-isting composition layout Investment operations in-volving development:
lay-out transformations A˃I
Access to and from
the buildings Making no changes to the
ex-isting access to the buildings Investment operations involving museum opera-tions and development as well as visitor service. opera-tions and development as well as visitor service.
A˃I
Surrounding area
Surrounding area un-der Museum’s own-ership – all elements exerting impact on the character of the place: contemporary buildings, vegetation, roads and pavements, stairs, street furniture, fences, accessibility.
Either making no changes to how the area is currently de-veloped and which investment operations are to be carried out or making changes to the current composition with the aim to restore the origi-nal character of the place and the purposes for which it was originally used.
Investment operations which involve increasing the tourist traffic and serv-ing incomserv-ing visitors: mod-ifications, upgrades and compositions dominated by functions and forms failing to fit the character of the place.
A/I
PAPER MILL IN DUSZNIKI-ZDRÓJ – VALUE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN / PART 2
SCALE External form of the paper mill
The body of the
building Making no changes to the body of the building; preserv-ing all elements of the archi-tectural form typical of paper mills. nat-ural disasters in particular (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of systems already installed;
Vandalism.
A/I
Wall faces Making no changes to the original wall articulation and divisions;
Making no changes to the original elements (portals, window frames, bay latrine);
Preserving the distinctive character of the faces of representative and produc-tion-related walls, including possible reconstruction of the currently non-existing archi-tectural detailing – in the west part of the south wall.
Technical condition
Environmental threats, nat-ural disasters in particular (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work conducted in an inappropriate manner
A/I
Architectural
detailing Making no changes to the dis-tinctive architectural detailing;
Technical condition of the decorations.
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A/I
Colours Making no changes to the existing distinctive colour de-sign, reconstructed in accord-ance with plaster analyses.
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A
THREATS AND MONITORING
SCALE External form of the paper mill
Other elements
making the form Making no changes to the original elements (portals, window frames, bay latrine, drainpipe);
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condition of the systems already installed;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restoration work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A/I
External architectural form of the drying house
The body of the
building Making no changes to the
body of the building Investment operations involving: overbuilding, extension, and redevelop-ment works
Environmental threats, natural disasters in particular (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism
A/I
External faces of the walls and the use of colour
Making no changes to the existing wall divisions, articulation, windows and doors; colour design.
Technical condition of all elements making up the architectural form.
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condition of the systems already installed;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restoration work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A/I
External form of the pavilion
The body of the
building Making no changes to the
body of the building. Investment operations involving: overbuilding, extension, and redevelop-ment works
Environmental threats, natural disasters in particular (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condition of the systems already installed;
Vandalism.
A/I
PAPER MILL IN DUSZNIKI-ZDRÓJ – VALUE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN / PART 2
SCALE External form of the pavilion
External faces of the walls and architectur-al detailing
Making no changes to the existing wall divisions, articularion, windows and doors; architectural detailing;
Technical condition of all elements being a part of the architectural form.
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A/I
Colours Making no changes to the
existing, distinctive colour
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner
A
Internal form of the paper mill Spatial arrangement Making no changes to the
spatial layout Development-related
threats
Management-related threats – changes to the spatial layout resulting from new concepts of use
A/I
Functional layout of
the paper mill Preserving/reconstructing the
original functional layout Development-related threats: transformations Management-related threats – changes to the spatial layout resulting from new concepts of use
A/I
Internal architectural form of the drying house
Spatial layout of the
drying house Preserving/reconstructing the
original spatial layout Development-related threats
Management-related threats – changes to the spatial layout resulting from new concepts of use
A/I
Functional layout of
the drying house Preserving/reconstructing the
original functional layout Development-related threats
Management-related threats – changes to the spatial layout resulting from new concepts of use
A/I
THREATS AND MONITORING
SCALE Interior design of the paper mill
Polychrome paintings Degree showing how well the painting dacorations be-ing displayed in interiors are preserved
Degree showing how well the decorations having been uncovered in the ‘Under the dome’ room are preserved.
Humidity in rooms decorated with polychrome paintings
Environmental threats:
– changes in humidity, temperature fluctuations, air pollution;
Threats following from poor technical condition of the property, e.g. flood, leaks, etc.;
Threat of natural disasters, e.g. flood, fire;
No alarm systems being available or poor condition of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Inappropriately conduct-ed or faulty conservation works;
Development-related threats
A/I
The paper mill – material and structure
Material and
structure Preserving the original build-ing materials, types of con-struction, technical solutions, historically accumulated layers of the elements of historical significance (materials and construction).
Making no changes to the original elements of the build-ing and construction structure accumulated in different stag-es of construction works.
How faithful and, at the same time, distinctive are the el-ements replaced with new construction materials and elements.
Type and method of pro-cessing the elements being replaced (using the same ma-terials and techniques) Technical condition
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condition of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner Using inappropriate material
Threats from increased number of visitors
Threats from inappropriate use (e.g. excessively loaded ceilings)
A/I
Construction of the drying house and materials applied therein
Material and
structure Preserving the original build-ing materials, types of con-struction, technical solutions, historically accumulated layers of the elements of historical significance (materials and construction).
Making no changes to the original elements of the build-ing and construction structure accumulated in different stag-es of construction works.
How faithful and, at the same time, distinctive are the el-ements replaced with new construction materials and elements.
Type and method of pro-cessing the elements being replaced (using the same ma-terials and techniques) Technical condition
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner Using inappropriate
PAPER MILL IN DUSZNIKI-ZDRÓJ – VALUE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN / PART 2
SCALE Construction of the entrance pavilion and materials used therein
Material and
structure Preserving the original build-ing materials, types of con-struction, technical solutions, historically accumulated layers of the elements of historical significance (materials and construction).
Making no changes to the original elements of the build-ing and construction structure accumulated in different stag-es of construction works.
How faithful and, at the same time, distinctive are the el-ements replaced with new construction materials and elements.
Type and method of pro-cessing the elements being replaced (using the same ma-terials and techniques) Technical condition
Environmental threats:
– air pollution,
– harmful efects of weather conditions (rain, snow, hail, sun rays);
– natural disasters (flood, fire, gale);
Wear and tear;
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Poor maintenance – no actions taken at all and/or conservation and restora-tion work being conducted in an inappropriate manner Using inappropriate
THE SCALE OF MOVABLE PROPERTIES Paper mill equipment
Production equipment:
– elements from the paper mill in Duszniki
– changing levels of humidity
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Thefts;
Preservation and reno-vation works being con-ducted in an inappropriate manner.
– changing levels of hu-midity, temperature fluc-tuations, pollution; Natural disasters (fire, flood);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Thefts;
Preservation and reno-vation works being con-ducted in an inappropriate manner.
A/I
Museum artifacts Preserving/complementing
collections Environmental threats:
– changing levels of hu-midity, temperature fluc-tuations, pollution; Natural disasters (fire, flood);
No alarm systems being available or poor condi-tion of the systems already installed;
Vandalism;
Thefts;
Preservation and reno-vation works being con-ducted in an inappropriate manner.
A˂I
THREATS AND MONITORING
FUNCTIONAL SCALE Function
Production and its
availability Continuing paper production in accordance with the origi-nal process of producing laid paper.
Threatening factors
following from management operations – giving up paper production, e.g. fall in profitability, lack of qualified staff, change of the concept of how the property is to be displayed, etc.
A/I
Residential and
rep-resentative functions Preserving, emphasising, and displaying residential and representative function of the paper mill premises (interior design, narration and display)
Threats following from management operations:
– using the formerly residential rooms for purposes not compliant with the original function they used to serve,
– the function being displayed in an inappropriate manner.
A/I
Museum and related
purposes Making no changes to the
profile No threats Not applicable
INTANGIBLE SCALE Historical and professional traditions
The paper mill, dated at pre-industrial age, is where laid paper is still produced for demonstration
Giving up production of laid paper
A/I
Papermaker – the profession: continu-ing the tradition and teaching skills
Continuing the tradition and teaching skills of laid paper production.
The papermaking craft dis-appearing for economical
and social reasons A/I
Individuals related to the place
Generations of prom-inent royal paper makers
Keeping memory of individ-uals who played prominent role in the history of Duszni-ki-Zdrój and Silesia alive.
Recording and sharing in-formation about individuals linked to the site.
No or erroneous informa-tion policy being available
A/I Caspar Rathsmann,
the painter.
Frédéric Chopin
Emotional attachment to the place and richness of accumulated historical heritage Paper mill as paper
production workshop The feeling reflected by a
number of attributes. Transformations, upgrades, works, application of con-temporary materials and elements.
Giving up paper produc-tion in which original, old methods are applied.
A˃I The paper mill as
a ‘residence’ of the papermakers of Duszniki
The atmosphere and percep-tion reflected by a number of attributes, e.g. the entrance pavillion, ornately decorat-ed external walls, polychrome paintings in interiors.
Paper mill as the Mu-seum of Papermak-ing – an important toursit, cultural, and education centre.
The feeling of historical char-acter of the premises and the role that paper played in de-velopment of civilisation, cul-ture, and arts.
PAPER MILL IN DUSZNIKI-ZDRÓJ – VALUE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN / PART 2
Photo 76. Flood risk: once per one hundred years; Source: http://
mapy.isok.gov.pl/pdf/M33057/M33057Dd1_RS_1.pdf
Photo 77. Flood protection system in Kłodzko Dis-trict Stream gauges, source: http://lsop.powiat.
klodzko.pl/index.php?&link=DATA&opt=Opt-MAP&rl=1946112479710194
Photo 75. Flood risk: once per one hundred years; Source: http://
mapy.isok.gov.pl/pdf/M33057/M33057Dd1_RS_1.pdf
Compiling a list of current and potential threats to at-tributes and their elements allows for indicating nega-tive factors which – as affecting most attributes – need to be presented more broadly and require elaboration on actions aimed to mitigate their deleterious effects.
The identified factors which may negatively affect a property and its values include: