THaecKHe h 3xoHOMHHecKHe 3aaaHH, ecjiH oHa 6yAeT AoeraTOHHo chabhoh
HAeojiorHaecKH h opraHH3an,HO¡HHo h ecAH eft yaacrcH nepecTpoHTb cbokd pa- 6o ry B COOTBeTCTBHH C HOBbIMH TpyAHblMH 3aAHH3MH. TeM CaMbIM 6opb6a 3a npeBpameHHe C E ÍIE b napraio hoboto THna npHo6peTae.T pemaiomee oHaae- HHe. Be3 coMHeHHfi, iito b nepHOA Me>KAy AßyMH haiuhmh c-be3AaMH m u 3Hb-
AHTeAbHO marnyAH BnepeA bo araMy n y m ,
3to npejKAe Bcero AOKa3biBaer tot cjniKT, hto b cpeAe axTHBHbix wieHOB
h (byHkiihohepob naprHH nam yABAOCb AOÔHTbca noJiHoro npH3HaHna pyxo- BOAflmeft poAH B K n (6) b MOKAynapoAHOM paéoaeM abhacbhhh, iioahofo
npH3H3HHH MB p KCH3 M 3 - ACH H HH3 M 3, K3'K H AC OAOP H11 eC KOH H OpraHH3aUHOHHOH ocHOBbi Hameñ napTHH. ( B y p H u e an ao a hcm e h t h). BAaroAap.H 3T0*iy napTHH cMorAa pa3BepHyrb cpeAH HaceAeHHH Harneft pecnyÖAHXH umpoxyio nponara«Ay MapKCH3Ma-AeHHHH3Ma h onuTa con,HaAncTHiiecKoro cxpoHTeAb- cTBa b CoBeTCKOM Coto3e, nponarawiy AOCTHx<eHHH CoBeTcxoro Coio3a h
)KH3HeHH0 HeoöxoAHMOH AAH HeMeuxoro HapoAa Apyx<6bi c HapOAaMH CoBexcKoro Coroaa.
BTopbiM (paKTOM, KOTopbift A0Ka3biBaer Haine npoabhjkghHe no n yrn k napTHH HOBoro THna, maneTca pas-BepTbiBanHe paßoTbi no MapxcHCTCKO- AeHHHCKOMy BOCnHTaiHHK) HAeHOB iliapTHH, B OCOÖeHHOCTH HO H3yH6HmO «KpaT- Koro xypca HCTOpHH B K n (6)» b xpyJKKax h napTHHHbix niKOAax. 3a orner- HblH nepHOA HAeOAOrHHeCKHH ypOBeHb HAeHOB napTHH 3liaHHTeAbH0 Bbipoc.
Bopbôa c uiyMaxepoB.uaMH, H3 xoropbix MHorne 6hah pasoßAaneHbi hH3- m anbi H3 nap™ «, h CBsmaHHoe c 3thm HAeoAormiecKoe h opraHH3anHOHHoe yxpewieHHe napraftHbix opraHH3auHii Tax>Ke A0Ka3biBafOT, hto C E IIT AocrarAa HeMaAoro ycnexa b AeAe npeBpameHHH b naprnio hoboto THna.
B opraHH3annoHHOM oTHomeHHH nauia napTHH ciaAa cHAbHee, cnAoneH- Hee h ÖoecnocoÖHee. BßeAeHHe K3HAHA3TCKoro CTaxra, co3AaHHe opraHOB KOAAeKTHBHOrO pyKOBOACTBa napTHHHblMH OpraHH3aU,HHMH, pOCT MOAOAbIX napTHHHbix KaApoB, pasBeprbiBaHiie kphthkh h cbmokphthikh b a<H3hh nap
THHHbix OpraHH3aUHÖ, IIOAT^eM nOAHTHneCKOft 3KTHBH0CTH HAeHOB H KaHAH- A3T0B napTHH, yxpenAeHHe cbh3H napTHH c MaccaMH, pocT aBTopHTeTa h py- KOB-OAHUreft pOAH IiapTHH B M3CCOBWX OpT3HH33HHHX, B TOCyAapCTBeHHOM annapaTe h b xoshhctbc— Bee 3to 6e3 comhshhh roBopHT o pocie Hamen napTHH, xax opraHH30B3HHoro aßaHrapAa paöonero xAacca h Bcex TpyAH-
iuhxch.
OAHaxo neM Ba>KHee BunoAHSieMbie 3aAann, TeM Bbime rpeôoBaHHH x Ha- nieft napTHH h ee HAenaw. FIoaioMy m u He mojkcm AOBOAbCTBOBaTbca Aoctht- HyTbiM, Tax xax m u aoa>khu eme aexpuTb mhorne HeAOCTaTKH h eme mho-
roMy yHHTbCH Ha onuTe B K n (6) h Ha cbocm coöcTBeHHOM onuTe.
1. B 6 o p b 6 e 3 a nap TH io H O B oro r n n a
OÖBeAHHeHHe Hameñ napTHH npoHSouiAo b 1946 roAy b pé3y.TbTaTe CTpeMAeHHH mnpOKHX Mace HAeHOB H CpyHKUHOHepOB KO'MMVHH'CTHHeCKOft H eo- UHaA-AeMOKpaTHHecxoft napTHH k npeoAOAeHHio pacxoAa repMaHCKoro paoo- nero xAacca. 3to cTpeMAeHHe noponcACHo ypoxaMH nopajxeHHH HeMeuxoro paöonero ABHJKeHHH b 1933 roAy, öecnpHMepHUMH npec.ieAOBaHHHMH h
O T H E T H H H ÆOKJIAÆ B H A b rE J Ib M A IÎH K A H A T F E T b E M C b E 3 flE C E n r 7S
CTpaAaHHHMH HauiHX JiymiiHX jiroaeft b 3acieHKax recTano, b TiopbMax u KOHue HTp a uno HH h x Aarepax h 3B€pctb3mh cpauiHCToKHx najiaqefl. Boccra- HOBJieHHe e;iHHCTBa paöonero KJiacca «a TeppHTopHH name h pecnyÔJiHKH co- 3aajio npeanocbiJiKH aah rJiyöoKHx Aemokpathhcckhx npeo6pa30BaHHH h o6y-
caobhao Bee HauiH ycnexH.
CoxpaHeHHe pacmna HeweuKoro pañolero abhjkchhh e 3anaAH0Ô Fep- MaiHHH HeMaJio cnocoóerooBajio TOMy, hto shtao-aMepHKahckhm HMnepHajiH- cxaM yaa,jiocb pacKOAOTb xaioxe h FepMaHHio. B 3anaAHoñ TepMaHHE He npoBeaena acMeAbiiaa petpopMa, He oTHyjKAeno HMymecTBO BoeHHbix npe- CTyiTHHKOB, He C03Ä3H A 6 MOK P 3 T H H eC K H ß TIOpHAOK, H CTapbie CHJibI HCMeUKOFO
mohohoahcthhcckofo KanHTajra c noMoui,bio h npn noAAep>KKe HMnepnaAHCTH- necKHx oKKvnanHOHHbix BJiacTeii HrpaiOT pemaiomyio poAb b 3anaAHorePMaH- CKOM KOJiOHi-iaJibHOM rocvAapcTBCunoM annapaTe.
LLlupoKO peKJiaMHpoBaHHaH conHaAHaanna cnoBa OTouiAa Ha 3 a ahh ił njiaH, h BAacTb aaxBama aMepHKancKHH mohonoahcthhcckhii Kanmaji, co- ynacTHHKaMH Koroporo hbahiotcb MarnaTbi HCMeijKoro (JiHHaHcoBoro KariH- taAa h HeMeuKoii thjkcaoS npoMbuuAeHHocra. He3HaHHTeAbHbie npaBa pafioHHX, 3aBoeBaHHbie b 1945— 1946 rr., o thhth, h MononoAHCTHHecKne oSteAHHeHHH Bce 6oAee Harjio ribiTaioTca BoccTaHOBHTb CTapbie nopaAKH.
PyxoBOACTBo coHHaA-AeMOKpaTHH npeBpaTHAocb b Rynny HMnepnaAH- CTHaecKHX areHioB, KOTopbie b AyatueM CAynae cnopax o tom, KOMy ueAeco- o6pa3Hee cAyxcHTb — aMepaxaHCKOMy hah anrAHHCKOMy HMinepnajiHSMy. 3th
«BOJKAIÍ» flBAHIOTCa HpOCTHblMH nOAJKHraTCAaMH HOBOÍÍ BOftHbl. OhH CTapa- tOTCH H30 Bcex cha oKAeBeTaTb Hamy pecnyÔAHKy h ee Ae mok p a tmh e ckh€ no- pHAKH. rioAOÖHo Fe66eAbcy, ohh BeAyT THyoHyro nponaraHAy npoTHB CTpaa HapoAHoii AeM°KPaTHH H ocoôeHHo npoTHB BeAHKoro cohhaAHCTHHecKoro CoBercKoro Coioaa.
B pe3yAbTaTe pa3>KHraHHH HailHOHaAHCTHHeCKOH H IlIOBHHHCTHHeCKOH HcTepHH hm noxa erne yAacTca oÔMaHMBaTb 3HaHHTeAbHbie Maccbi paôoHHX h
cAy>Kamnx, ho TaM, rjxe ohh b HHTepecax coimaAbHOH AeMaroran BHABHraioT TpeöoBaHHH paßoHHX, oÖHapy/KHBaeTCH hx noAHas öecnoMoiUHOCTb h 6ec- CHAHe no othohJ'&hh ¡o K roonoACTBy a hta o- a wep h K a Hc ko ro h He.Meu.Koro MOHonoAHCTHuecKoro KanuTaAa.
3to aBAaeTca 3a«0H0McpHi>iM pe3yAbraTOM iioahthkh coxpaHeHHa pac- KOAa paßonero abhjkchhh HCHCTeMaranecKoro yrAyÔAeHHa nponacra Me>KAy npaBOä COHHaA-AeMOKpaTHCH H KOMlMyHHCTaMH.
OpraHnaauHOHHoe CAHHHHeo6enx paôonHX napTHÜ B CouHaAnCTHnecKyro EaHHyio TiapTHK) FepMai-iHH b 1946 roAy He Morvio, KoneuHo, cpa3y yerpaHHTb OCTaTKH C0 0,HaA-ACM0KpaTH3Ma H CeKTaHTCTBa, KOTOpbie HMeAHCb b o6enx nrfp- TH3X. ripeOAOACHHe 3THX^ HeAOCTaTKOB aBAaAOCb HeoÔXOAHMHM yCAOBHCM aaAbHeriuiero pa3BHTHa oobeAHHemiOH napTHH. Oho nposoAHAocb b TOBapn- .mecKOM corpyAHHaecme owbiijhx KOMMynHcxoB h couh a ji - a e mok p a tob npw p H3 p e ui e hhh b a a< h c h ru h x 3 a a a a ACMoxpaTHuecKoro h xo3aiłcTBeHnoro CTpoH- TCAbcrBa, ripa KoropoM Shah npeoAOAenbi CTapbie npeApaccyAKH h yHi-WTO-
>KeHbi oapbepbi, Koropwe oiacabah paaee Apyr ot Apyra hachos o6enx nap
THH. n PH 3 TOM paSAHHHH MOKAy COUH3 A-Ae MOKP 3THH eCKH M H H K OM M y H H CT H - HCCKHMH paOOHHMH BCe OOAee CTHpaAHCb H OHH B 3T0H COBMeCTHOH paÔOTe Bce ôoAee peiiiHicjibHo iuah ito ACHHHCKo-CTajiHHCKOMy nyxH. KpoMe toto, npeoAOAeHHe^ c ou,ha a - Ae mokP a th3 m a, xau BpaxiAeônoro MaPKCH3My HanpaB- JieHHa^ b paooneM abhjkchhh, ripoxoAHAo ny'reM axTUBUOH HAooAorH- HecKoü 6oPb6bi npoTHB connaA-AeMOKpaTHSMa BBÿxpH C E riF h nyTeM 6oPb6bi 3a WOAHOe T0p>KCCTB0 BeAHKHX HACH M a PKCa — SHreAbCa — JICHHHa — .Ctuahha b nauieił ołabeAHHeHHoił napTHH. n a o ahcm e ht b i).
ÔAHOBpeMeHHO Ôbl.riO BbiaBAÇHO, HTO B naPTHK) npH o6"beAHHeHHH npn- .UIAM TćlKHe AI0AH, KOTOpbie yilOpHQ OTCTaHBaAH CBOK) .CTapyiO TOMKy 3PeHH3 C0AHaA.-Ae.M0KpaTH3-Ma h 6biAH sparaMH eAHHCTBa HeMeuKoro paôonero KJiac- ca- Hmshho na m ix opHeHTiipoBajiHCb HeaeraAbHbie arenTbi IIIyM axepa bhv
-74 O T H E T H b lH flO K J IA fl B H A b T E A b M A IIH K A H A T P E T b E M C b E B flE C E H r
tdh Hamen napran, o hcm coBepmeHHO OTKpbiTO 3anBHA IUyMaxep Ha C b e 3 A e
C j i n 3anaÄHoö repMaHnn. CAynan c F e n ^ it e , Koropuä b «acToamee BpeMH HBJIH€TCH OäHHM H3 aKTHBHblX OpraHH3aTOpOB IIinHOHa>Ka H AHBSpCHH npOTIiB FepMaHCKofi fleMonpaTHHecKon pecnyßAHKn, npopecc aHrjiHHCKoro ÄHBep- caHTa BpyHÄepTa, pa3o6jianeHHe HeAeraAbHon rpynnbi areHTOB I lly - Maxepa b Mar,ae6ypre, apecT areHTa lllyMaxepa CraAAep'ra b PaTeHOBe, a T3K>Ke noKa3aHHH oflHoro H3 opran'H3aTopoB HejierajibHOÖ rpynnbi areHTOB lllyMaxepa b FepMaHCKoii ÄeMOKparaHecKofi pecnyöjinKe Kione hbahiotch
yöeanTejibHbiM aok a 3 axenbctbom Bpa>KecKOH aght enn h o ctn myMaxepoBCKnx areHTOB b Hamen naptnn. C Apyi'on cnopoHbi, b xoac Harnero AeMORparane- CKOrO CTpOHTejIbCTBa BblHBHAOCb, HTO HaCTb 6bIBUIHX COU,H 3 A - A 6M0Kp3'I OB,
bjihbihhxch b oßncAHncHiiyio naprnio, ne np’HsnaB peBOJiioHHOHHon K./iaccoBon
6opb6bi n 3aHHM3H Bpa>KAeßHyio no3Hnmo no OTHomeHnio k CoBercKOMy Coio3y n k npeBpameHHio C E III b napxnio hoboxo Tnna, He noHHJia n He cTpeMHJiacb noHHTb hobbix 3aAan h ocTanoBHJiacb Ha nojinym .
Oa h 3ko npeoÖAaAaiomee ßoAbmnncTBO ßbiBmnx connaA-AeMOKpaTOB no- mAO BMecTe c napraeft n npnHHMaeT aKTHBHoe ynacTne b ßopbße 3a npeßpa- menne C E F ir b napTHio noßoro xnna. ( A n n o a h cm e n T bi). Tecnoe TOBa- pmnecKoe corpyAfiiniecTBo BHyTpn nanien na pinn hbahctch oahhm H3 b3>k- Henmnx ycAOBnn AaAbHenmero ycnemHoro pa3BHTHH.
JlHHHen n ap xnn HBAHexcH yxpeiiAeHHe bccmh c h a3mh AOCxnrHyxoro eAHH- ctb3 paßonero a b h/Kchhh h npoAOAJKöHne npn stom pemnTeAbnon ßopbßbi npoTHß eeAeraAbHOH uiyMaxepoBOKon a re m y p b i n Bcex npoflBAeHHH counaA- AeMOKpaTH3Ma, Kaie BpaxtAeßnon napran HAeoAornn.
3a omeTHbifl nepHOA nama napran B€Aa ßopbßy nporas TpouKHCTCKon
h THTOBCKofl arenrypbi anrAO-aMepHKancKoro HMnepna.rrH3Ma — ßopbßy npo-
thb sAenmnx BparoB paßonero KAacca n TpyAHinnxcji. npeaaTeAbcxBo k a h k h
Thto — PaHKOBHHa B lOrocAaBHH, nponeccbi npeAaTeAen Panxa b BeHrpnn n KocTOBa b BoArapnn noKa3biBaioT, hto mm a o a x u ih npoaBAHTb B M C o n a fi-
rayio ÖAHTeAbHOCTb nporaß noApMBnon AenreAbHocra tpo u kh c to b, xnxoBneB n Apyrnx areHTOB HMnepnaAH3Ma b namnx pnAax.
yi roBopHA y>Ke o pasoßAanemiH T po iiK ncra K ypT a MiOAAepa, areHTa 3a- naAHbix HMnepHaAHcranecKHX AepneaB, kotopm h npoßpaACH k pyKOBOACTBy KOMMyHHCTHHecKon napTHH 3anaAHon re-pMaHnn. B FepMaHCKoS /IcM OKpa- ranecKoft pecnyöAHKe Taione pa3oßAanen ueAbifi pnA tpoukh ctob, Kan, na- npnMep, JleoHxapAT H3 b Meinen n a p ra ftiio n ih k o a h, Beccep, KOTOpbiö tip o - öpaACH na nocT HpeAceAaTeAH ETapranHOH KOHTpoAbHon komhcchh 3eMAH CaKCOHHH — AHraAbT, B e np a yx, ßbiBinnn oßepöyproMHCTp ropOAa KoTTÖyc, H AP- ©AHaKO MM AOAJKHbl npH3Harb, HTO ÖOpbßa npOTHB TPOUKHCTOB H TliTOB- neB y Hac npoBOAHTca HeAOCTaTOHHo aKTHBiio h TponKHCTCKan areHTypa b nam Hx paAax pacicpbrra ne noAHocTbio. 3aAana coctoht b t o m, htoöbi m m nOBbICHAH TaKHie H B 3TOM OTHOIIICflHH 6AHT6AbHOCTb napTHH II H3rH3AH TpouKHCTCKyio h THTOBCKyio areHTypy H3 pnAOB C E I i r . Bopbßa aa HncroTy pHAOB Hamefi n a p ra n h sa H3rnaHHe 3aMaCKHpobah h m x BparoB paßonero KAacca fiBAaexCH neoßxoAHMMM ycAOBHeM a a h AaAbHeinnero npeBpam,CHHH Hauieö n a p ra n b n a p ra io hoboto ra n a . (A n a 0ah cm e ht m) .
2. HsMeHeiiHe cocxaBa Hamen napTHH
K 1 anpeAH 1950 roAa b nanieä napran nacHHTHBaACH 1.550.831 hach
napran n 122.474 KaHAHAaTa. K MOMCHTy 1-vi napranHon KOHtJiepeHUHH b HHBape 1949 roAa b napran ßbi.no 1.773.689 HAenoB. H3 stoto bhawo, hto
C E n r HBAfieTCH MaccoBon napraen, noAb3yiom,encH AOBepneM n noAÄep>KKOH mnpoKHx TpyA/imHXCii Macc.
Oah3ko KOAnnecTBO haohob napran sa HCTeKmHe noATopa roAa HeCKOAb-
ko yMeHbiiiHAOcb. 3to ßMAo CBH3ano npeneAe bccto c (jiaktnheckhm npeKpa- menneM Ha oahh toa npneMa e haöhh napTnn ibcbh3h c sBeAeHneM KaHAH-
A a T C K o ro cTa>na b Mapxe 1949 roAa. BMeere c t c m-hs napraH 6hah
O T H E T H b lH A Ü K J IA fl B H J Ib rE J Ib M A IIH K A H A T P E T b E M C ^ E S flE CEOT 75
HCKJnoqeHH MHorae KapbepncTbi, pasjiojKHBiimecH aaeMenra, npodpaBiiiHe.cn b napTHio paflH hhuhhx Bbiroa, a Tanate Bpa>KecKHE areHTbi, 3acjiaHHbie b HailIH p s iflb l HMnepHaJtHCTHHeCKHJtH pa3B6,5KaMH. riOHHTHO, UTO H3rH3HHe 03 n a p T H H B p a a íe c K H X jia 3 y T H H K O B , a r a n a í e u y u e a u x n a p T H H aaeM CHTO B
yKpenjiaeT napxHio.
K p O M e T o r o , n p n y n o p n a o u e m T H K a p T O T 6 KH d b u r o M e x a H H u e c K H c n n ca -H O 3 H a ’IHTCJlbHO e KOHHUeCTBO M.JieHOB n a p T H H , HHCjlHBIUHXCH B n a p T O p ra H « 3 a U H B X TO JibKo H a g y M a r e hah A B a x íA b i coctohbihhx Ha y u e i e — K a n bn p o H 3 BOACTBeH- H b ix , T a n h b T e p p H T O p u a jib H b ix o p r a H H 3 a i:m a x . O a u a K O e m e h T e n e p b a. n e p e M e m e H H H u J ie n o B n a p T H H , hx p e rH C T p a m íH , b x p a H e H H H n a p T H ñ H b ix ao-
K yM e n T O B c y m e c T B y e r d o a b i n a n n e p a 3 d e p n x a . J lH K B H a a u H H HeAH C H H nJiH H H - p O B aH H ocT H u xaJiaTH O C TH b H a m e ñ o p ra H iia a n H O H H O H p a d o T e HBHHeTCH n e o T -
•noHíHOH 3 a a a u e ñ pyK O B O A H U iH X n a p T H H H b ix o p ra H O B .
B HHCJie BbldblBiriHX HMeeTCH HftKOTOpOe KOJIH'ieCTBO UeCTHblX padOHHX H KpecTbHH, KOTopbie ne iiauiJiH oBoero Meera b napTHH, Tai< Kan hm He yaejin- Jioct aoaHíHoro BHHMaHHH co CTOpaHbi napTopraHH3aHuñ. 3to cepbe3Hbiñ MHHyC H Mbl AOHíKHbl odpaTHTb dOJIbUie BHHMaHHH Ha BOBJieUeHHe B 3KTHB-
«yto napTHHHyK) padoTy Bcex uhchobh KaHAHaaTO© napTHH, b nepByio ouepeab padOHHX H KpeCTbHH, 3a60THTbCH O6 HX pOCTe H H/iefilIOM BOCnHTaHHH.
43,6 npon. HJieHOB napTHH h 70 npon. KananaaTOB coctoht Ha yueTe b
npoH3BOACTBeHHbJX rpynnax. B stom oxHomeHHH nocjie BToporo n a p tc i^ 'm no.noHíenHe yjiyniHHJiocb h npoH3BOACTBeHHan rpynira CTaHOBHTCH ocHOBHoñ HH30B0K napTHHHOH eAHHHU,eñ, UTO H COOTBeTCTByeT XapaKTepy napTHH hoboto
rana.
Mto xacaeTCfl coHHaJibHoro cocTaBa napTHH, 3a oTuerabiñ nepHoa HadjuoaaeTCH HenoTopoe coKpauueHHe npocaoñKH npoMbimjieHHbix padouHX.
K 1 aupean 1950 roaa b napTHH dbiJio 41,3 npou. npoMbimaeHHbix padouux, HjiH Ha 3,2 npon. MeHbme, ueM b HHBape 1949 roaa. Hapdoaee peanoe yMenb- rneuHe npocaoñKH npoMbuuaeHHbix padounx npoH3omao b 3€Mae Menaen- Gypr _na 16,7 npou. h © 3eMae BpanaeHÓypr — na 6,7 npoueHTa.
Ceauxospadoune opean uaenoB napTHH cocraBAHioT 3,4 npou., Kpe- CTbHHe — 6,3 npou., cayuíanme — 20,4 npou. yaeabHbiñ Bec sthx nocaeaHHx KaxeropHK He npeTepnea cymecTBeHHbix H3MeueHHft.
Mojkho c«a3aTb, uto y mch bínenme KoanuecrBa padouHX b napTHH cpaKTH- necKH npoH3om.no eme noxoMy, uto MHorne H3 hhx 6h h h BbiaBHHyibi b rocy- aapctbehunín, napTHHHbiñ hxoshhctbeuHbiñ annapaT h no Hameñ uenpaBHab-
ho nocTpBueuHOH cxaTHCTHKe noHSMy-TO othochtch Tenepb k KaTeropuu oayxKaiuHX. KpoMe topo, uacxb padonHX b pe3yabiaTe BbiureynoMHHyToñ naoxoií nocTauoBKH yueTa ynHTbiBaaacb aBa»cabi — xax b npon3BoacTBeH-
h h x, t3 k h b TeppHTopHaabHbix opraHH3auHHX. HaBeueHHe nopnana b yueie aHKBHanpoBaao 3Ty HenpaBnabnocTb.
Bce 3t o Bepno. Oanano nejiban 3aKpbmaTb raasa Ha HeaonycTUMbiñ c}3aKT o.OKpaiueHHH yaeabnoro Beca npOMbiuiaeuHbix padonHX b Hameñ napran, ko- Topoe Bce >ue cpaKTHnecKH HMeao Mecro, xoth h b M&Hbiueu CTeneun, neM od 9tom roBopuT CTaTHCTHKa. H3 npHBeaeHHbix uuíjip caeayeT, uto m u floaacubi cepbe3HO yayuuiHTb counaububiñ cocTaB Hameñ napTHH h aodHTbcn noBbime-
hhh yaeabHoro Beca padouHx. ^üpHHeM ocodoe BHHMaune uaao odpaTHTb Ha padouux KpynHbix upeanpuaTHñ, Koxopbie aoa>KHbi CTaTb HacTomuHMH npeno-
cthmh Hameñ napTHH. Heuh3n npH3H3Tb Tauaíe HopMaabHbiM hh3khS npoueHT TpyaauinxcH KpecTbHH cpean uaenoB h ocodeHuo KananaaTOB nameñ napTHH, cpeau KOTOpbix KpecTbHHe cocTaBamoT Bcero 1,5 npou. Taxoñ HH3KHñ npo
ueHT HBJiaeTCH npH3uaKOM HeaooueuKH padoTbi b aepeBue, xoth Mapi<cH3M- J5eHHHH3M yUHT, UTO TpyaOBOe KpeCTbHHCTBO UBUHeTCH OCHOBHblM C0I03HHK0M padouero Kaacca.
riocae BBeaeuHH KananaaTcxoro CTano naprañubie opraunsamm CTaau odpamaTb doabrne BHHMaHHH Ha peryaupoBaune couHajibHoro cocTasa nap- THH- Cpeau KaHAHUaTOB npoMbimaeHHbie padoune cocTaBJimoT 48,3 npou., hjih
Ha 7 npou. doabrne, ucm cpeau uaenoB napTHH. Oauauo h hto neab3H cuHTaTb
76 C T H E T H b lH ß O K JIA A B H J Ib rE J Ib M A T IH K A H A T P E T b E M C’b E 3 flE C E li r
vä o b Ji eTB o p ht€ Ji bH h M, oeoGenno «Mea b bhäY c.na6ocTb paöoTbi napropraHH- aaiiHH «eKOTopwx KpyuHbix npeanpHHTHii. OipHuaTenMHM npmiepoM MO*eT cjiv>KHTb óepjiHHCKaa napTopraHH3aiwH, ra e b nncne K a H w a ro B paöoaHe cocraBJiaiOT acero 35 npott., b to bP€mh k3k cJiyxcamue — 55 npoixenxoB.
Ht3k yjiyauiaTb cou,naJibHbiH cocxaB napTHH 3a cneT nepeaoßbix pa o
«hx a TaKJKe TpyAHmnxcH KpecrbHH, npoAOJi>KaTb oanmaTb p nau napTHH ot
«v jkäh x h BpaKiieÖHbix ajieMeHTOB, yjiyquiHTb bcio nocTaHOBKy opraHH3a- u hoh H o - y «eTHoö paöoTbi, paccMarpHBaa ee He Kax TexHHnecKoe, a xas nojiHTHHecKoe ae.no, — TaKOBbi ÖJiHÄaiiiirae 3aaa«H C E HT b stoh oßjiacTH.
3. OpraHH3auHOHHbie Bonpocw, BHyTpunapTHHHüH aeMonpaTHH, KpHTHKa H CaMOKpHTHKä
Bbime MH roBopHJiH o tom, Kanne öojibiim e 3aaa«H ctoht nepea Hamei-i napTHeii b oßJiac™ öopböbi aa M»p h cahhctbo TepMaHHH, b o6ji3cth rocy- AapcTBeHHoro, xo3HÖCTB6HHoro h KyJibTypHoro CTpoarenbCTBa, a Tanate b
oôjiacTH noBbiiueHHH jKHSHGHHoro ypoBHH TpyÄHUXHXCH. Hsbgctho, t o b Ha
men napTHH COCTOHT 12,8 npou. Bcero BspocJioro HaceaemiH pecriyôjmKH.
MjieHbi napTHH 3aHHMaioT pyKOBoaaïuee nojio/Kcmre bo MHorax MaccoBbix opraHH3auHHX h KOMHTeTax HauHOHaJibHoro 4>poHTa a&MOKpamnecKOH 1 ep- M3HHH. IIpaBHJibHO opraHH30BaTb h HanpaBHTb paöoTy «JI6H0B napTHH, rio- CTpOHTb BCK) B H y Tp H n 3pTHß Hy K) >KH3Hb Ha JI6HHHCK0-CT3JIHHCKHX npHHUHIiaX BHyTpHfiapTHHHOH AGMOKpaTHH H lUHpOKO pa3Bep'HyTb KpHTHKy H C3MOKpHTHKy HeAOCTarKOB h a me h paôoTbt b uejiax hx ycTpaHSHHH Kan b hhsobhx, thk h b
ueHTpaxibHbix pyKOBO/mumx oprai-iax,— oto 3H3UHt bo MHoroM ooecneniiTb ycnemnoe pemeHHe Bcex nam nx iio/ihth«6Ckhx h x0 3hhctbchhh x 3aaan- KpoMe tobo, roBopa 0 6 opramraa-uHH Hameii BHyTpHnaprHñHoñ paooTbi, mbi
ne Monte M ne y«im>iBaTb Tex ypoKOB, KOTopue BbneKaiOT ajih bccx paGontix n a prañ h3 coômthh b lO rocjiaium , rae Kynne npespeHHbix npeaaTejieH h
areHTOB aMepHitaHCKoro HMnepnajinaMa yaajiocb nyTeM napymetma jiem m - CKHx npHHimnoB opraHHsauHH n a p n m h pacTBopenmi ee b Tax nasbisaeMOM napoAHOM djpoHTe, rae pyjtoBoacTBo npm raflJioKajio SypwyasHbiM ojieMenTaM, jiHKBHAnpoBaTb KOMnapTHK) Kax pyKOBOAHmyio ch J! y paGoncro itnacca h npe- BpaTHTb ee bo BcnoMoraTejibHHH opran ipamncTCKoro nojmnewcKoro roeyaap- CTBa Thto — PaHKOBHna. Hh oAHa paGonaa naprasi ne MoateT npoxoAHTb m h
-MO, T3KHX ypOKOB. _ r •
BßHAy Bcero 3Toro mbi hphabcm ocoßoe 3Ha«eHiie opranH3auHOHHOH pa- ÔOTe, pa3BepTbIB3HHK) BHyTpimapTHHHOH AeMOKpaTHH, KpHTHKH H
CaMO-P T o B a p H m C ïa jiH H roBopuJi n a X V II c b e s A e BKI1(6), «to « n o c jie T o ro , KaK a a H a npaB H JibH aH n o jiH T H « e c K a a jihhhh, o p ra H H 3 a u n o H H a H p a o o T a p e - m ae -r bcc, b tom nHCJie h c y A b ö y cbmoh n o jiH T H u e c K o ñ jihhhh,— ee B b in o ji-
H6HHe, min ee nponaji» (H. Ct 3Ji h h. «Bonpocbi JieHHHH3Ma», HjA- I I . CTp. 477).
Marna napTHH b nep no a Me>K,ny BTopwM h -rperbUM cbe3AaMH, a b oco- ôeHHOCTH nocjie nepBOH riapTKOH^epeHUHH, yAGJiHJia mhofo b h h m3hhh bo- npocaM yjiynm enH H opraH H sauH onnoro pyxoBOACTBa. YI HMeio b b h a v npe/K- He Bcero pemenHH nepBoii napTKom^epeHUHH no ÄOKJia/ry t o b. ipoTeBOJiH, KOHcbepenpHio no oprBonpocaM 1949 roaa n peiucHHH pnaa ruienyMOB IX enr- pajibH oro npaBjienH H CEOF. B o jib u iy io p o jib b otom OTHOiueiiHH cb irp a jm T3K>Ke nepeßbiöopbi napTHimbix opranoB b KOHue 1949 ro ^ a , npom eanM e Ha BbicoKOM nojiHTHnecKOM ypoBHe h npn coßjiioACHHH npHHpnnoB BHyTpnnap- THHHOH AeMOKpaTHH.
riapTopranbi ct3iHobhtch, Kax npaBH.no, opranaMH KOJiJieKTHBHoro pyxo- BOaCTBa, HTO H3H0CHT yAap no «B0>KAH3My» H BCHKOrO pOAa nOAXaJIHMCTBy
h oôecnenHBaeT 3AopoByio oöcTaHOBxy b napTHH.
B npouecce noaroTOBKH 3-ro cbe3aa C E Ili nojiHTHKa h npanranecxafl paôoîa napTHH noaBeprjiacb mnpOKOMy h njioAOTBopHOMy o6cy>KaeHHio na
Q T H E T H b lH A O K A A A B H A b T E A b M A H H K A H A T P E T b E M C b E 3 A E CEHF 7?
n a p T H H H b ix c o ô p a H H H X h KO H (|)epeH u,H H x. r i p H B b iô o p a x jie jie r a T O B h a c h h
napTHH n 0 J Ib 3 0 BaJIHCb CBOHM n p a B O M OTKAOHHTb K 3 H A H A a T 0 B H K p in I lK O B a lb HX 3 a OIHHÖKH H HeAOCTaTKH, HTO CnOCOÖCTBOBaAO y jiy H U ie H H K ) napTH Ö H O H p a ó o T b i b ueJiO M .
O ^ H a K O b n a p T H H H e M a jio e m e c jiy n a e B H a p y m e H H H B H y T p n n a p T H H H O H Jie M O K p a T H H . B p s w e n a p r o p r a H H 3 a u H ił p a c n p o c r p a H e H a n p a K T H K a K o o n r a - UHH H O B bix HJieHOB b c o c T a B n a p T H H H b ix o p ra H O B , n e M H a p y m a iO T C H n p H H -
UHnbi B b ió o p n o c T H p y K O B O A flu m x o p r a n o B n a p T H H .
H a npeACT>e3floBCKHX napTKOH^epeHimax Tanme OTMenaAHCb cjiynaw Ha-
p y m c H H H B H y T p H n a p T H Ö H o ii A e M O K p a T H H . Tax, na p a iio H H o f t n a p T K o m jie p e H - UHH b Po c t o k c c e K p e T a p H a T y p a ö O H H o ro n p a s / i e i m a C E l i r b H a p y m e H 0 e n a p T H iiH o r o y c r a B a 6 b u io n o p y u c H O n a a m m H T b n a c T b A e A e ra T O B H a 3 e M e A b - HYKD K O H diepeH U H lO 6 e 3 y T B e p jK Ä e H H H HX paHOHHOH KOHC|)epeHU,HeH.
H a p y m e H H e M n p H H im n a B H y T p H n a p T H H H O H A e M o n p a T H H H B jia e T c a T a n n c e p a c n p o c T p a H e H H a a b H C K O T O p b ix n a p T H Ö H W X o p r a H H 3 a u H a x CEnT n p a K T H K a B b iß o p o B n a p T H H H b ix o p ra H O B 6 e 3 o 6 cy> K A e H H a a c a o b h x h n o A H T H n e c K H X K a a e c T B T O B a p H m e n , H 3 0 H p a e M b ix b p y K O B O A n m n e n a p T o p r a n u .
H a p y m e im e B H y T p u n a p T iiH H o ñ ;j,eMOKpaTHH Bbipa*aeTca Aajiee b t o m, u t o a j ih B e ^ e u H a n a p T H H H b ix coßpaiiHH b iiepBiimibix iiaptHHHbix opraHH- 3anHHx peAKO H3ÖHpaeTca iipesHAnyM, a coßpaHHe BeAeT oóbi>mo ceKpeTapb
n a p T o p r a H H 3 a u H H . 3t o y m e M A H C T npaßa hachob napTHH h b HeKOTopon CTe- n e m u c K O B b is a e t hx a K T H B H o cT b na coCpannax.
B n p o e K T e n o ß o r o y c T a ß a CEriF n o A 'ic p K H B a e T c a , h t o h a c h h H a m e n n a p tH H H M e io r n p a ß o ym iC T B O B a T b b o 6 c y > K A e m m n p a K T m r e c K H x B o n p o c o B HOAHTHKH n a p T H H H BHOCHTb CBOH n p e A A O JK C H H ÍI, HTO OHH H M d O T n p a B O B b l- p a m a T b c b o ii B a iv is iA b i 11 o c y m e c T B A H T b A e A O R y io K p u T H K y M jie n o B h t}iy H K - HHOHepOB n a p T H H , nC3aBHCHMO OT HX HOAOJKeUHH. P a 3 B e p T b IB a H H e KPHTHKH h CaM OKpHTHKH H BA iieTC H 3aKOHOM p a3B H T H H H ä p T H H HOBOTO T H H 3 H yCAO - BHeM n p a B H A b H O rO BO CnHTaHHH n a p T H H H b lX KH ApO B. (A n A O a H C M e H T b l).
K a x n o K a 3 3 AH n p e A C b e 3 A O B C K H e n a p T H H H b ie c o ó p a m m h K o m jie p e H H H H , KipHTHKa H Ca MOKpiHTH K3 BCO ß o A b llie H a 'IH H a C T BXOAHTb B >KH3Hb H a m H X n a p T H H H b ix o p ra n H 3 a n H H , n p e A C i> e 3 A O B C K a s i A H C K y c m m n a C T p a H H u a x n a p T H H H o ñ n p e c c b i T a n m e n p o x o A iiA a h o a 3n a K O M k p h t h k h h c a M O K p n - THKH. r i p H 3 TOM 33C Ay>KH B aK)T BHHM aHHH H IIO O m p e ilH fl HCKOTO pbie K pH T H - n e c K H e B b ic r y n A e in m r a n e r b i « H e n e e /J ,e H M jia iiA » .
O A H a K O H 3AßCb eCTb p H A HeAOCTaTKOB. Ct3AO p a e n p O C T p a H e H H b IM HB- AeHHeM, HTO O TBeTCTBeHHbie n a p T H H H b ie paßO T H H K H Ha COÖpaHHHX H 3 a c e A a - HHHX K p H T H K yiO T HeAOCTaTKH H OIUHÖKH p a Ö O Tbl pH A O B blX HAeHOB n a p T H H h a h H H 3 0 B H X n a p T H H H b ix o p ra H H 3 a n ,H H . B t o m e B p e M H e m e M 3 A 0 n o A B e p - raiO T C H KpH T H H eC K O M y OÓeyJKAeHHIO ACHTeAbHO CTb H OUIHÓKH B b IIII€ C T O H m H X
n a p T H H H b ix o p ra H O B .
ECTb M HOrO TOBapHmeñ, y KOTOpblX CAOBa «KpHTHKa H CaMOKpHTHKa» He cxoäht c ycT, ho KOTopbie HeMeAAemio oriojmaioTCH npoTHB kphthkh, ecAH oHa KaeaeTCH hx chmhx. (O k h b j i ê h h s b 3a jie . Â n a o ahcm e ht u).
fl y)Ke He roBOpio o tom, hto Koe-rAe cpeAH (JiyHiomoHepoB napTHHHoro h
rocyAapCTBeHHOro annapaTa hmciotch C3hobhhkh, KOTopbie, hbahhcb HAeHa- MH Hamen napTHH, He TepnsiT hhkhkoh kphthkh, aa>KHMaiOT ee. 3thx to- ßapHmeö HaAO pemHTeAbHo npH3BaTb k nopaAKy, h6oohh HapymaioT ycTaB- HHe noAomeHHH Hameíí napTHH. (A n a o ahcm e ht bi).
Ha coôpanHHX npn noAroTOBKe k TpeTbeMy napTCbe3Ay b MecTHbix napTrpynnax 3 H A e H 6 y p r a , K e H n e p u a , Z^HCKay, Ë ofiHa (s c m a h C aK C O H H a — AuraAbT) cei<pe'rapH napTrpynn npH3bmaAH b c b o h x AOKAaAax k Ô e c n o m a A -HOH K pH T H K e, HO B TO JKC B p e M H -HOHCHHAH, HTO K pH T H K O B 3T b HX C3M HX HAH 0yprO M 'H C TpO B O'ÔmHH HeT CM bICAa, T a K K 3 K :OH'H, MOA, H CaM H 3 H a iO T CBOH
omHÔKH. ( C me X, a n a o ah c m e ht bi).
cHH3OTAeAbHbie napTHHHbie (ÿyHKüHOHepbi ne npHCAymHBaiOTCH k KpHTHKe
O i e A y e t o T M e T H T b , h t o h b £ ^ T a T c e K p e r a p n a r n o j i H ? 6 i o p o C E E i r H e K O io p b ie o l u h6k h b 3 T 0 M o T H ° u ie H H . , n e a ie u H e (b a K T H q e c K H 3 a n p e -n p H H H J i B M a p r e a x o r o r o A a H e -n P “ ^ bf B b ic o K H e n o c x b i b m a B iu e e 'K p B T H K y om nCooK H A e n o B n a P ™ ^ n P M J ie H H H C E n r . 3t o r o c y A a pcTBCHHOM a n n a p a x e , 6 e a
ppar ‘¿»«— j j
H e A o c ra T K O B . 3 A yma io , w o cjiob nam nH h n a m e H pecny&nHKe.
PaC” S ; P, Z “ a“» "» r " ™ » T p c e - « o p » » B K n«S > » n n c a , coe-Ayromee: HTO napTHfl He mowct BbinoAHHTb caoefl
™ " S h ohT S oHTCH IJPH3HaTb coon ouihSk h, 6o h t m eo-BpeMH HcnpaoBTb ax
a - » « r a s r s
S m u M e S a a p u m°o i m6m x o a p T i r t u o f l ip a S o r n , e c jr n o B a y M e e i B o a p e
-Ma " n T p S a 'n o r H fia e r , ecjiH ona CKpblsaer cboh o uih6k h, oarymeobiBae-r fiojitHbie Bonpocbi npHicpbirsaeT cboh eeAOHeTbi (paAbHJHBbiM napaAOM 6Aa- o ™ l f f l He TCIMTHT KPHTHKH « C3MOK.PHTHKH, npOHHKaeTCH UyBCTBOM C3- MOAoi™ cTBa, oTAaeTCH nyecrBy c a M O M ^ H H O c n i h H « w a « r noHHBaTb Ha Jiaspax» (« HctoPhh B K E l (6). KpaxKHH Kypc», exp. 34o).
BHVxpHnapxHfiHaH AeMOKpaxHH BKAioqaex b ce6fl xaK>Ke coanaxeAbHyK)
>«erie3Hvio AHCAHnAHHy, oak Ha kobo oSnaaxeAbiHyio AJia K a xA o ro hash a nap
™ C o S a i S S S ¿ » H a s t A H C iW H H a h xotobhoctb SopoxbC* 3a npo- . P „ jkhohj, pemeHHH napTHH HBAHIOTCH TeM HeofiXOAHMHM SJieMeHTOM, S o o S ^ c S l a i T S S S S i oV e A H H y to fioeayw opraHHsamno. He caynafiao IIIVWaxeDOBIIbl TpOUKHCTbl H APy™e BparH napTHH aeH3M©HHO HampaBJIHAH H HanpaBAHiox c’boio npeAaxeAhCKyio p a 6 o ry «a noApbiB AHCUHiiAHHbi h cahh
-riDoeKT HOBoro ycTaBa Tpe6yeT, hto6h Ka>KAbifl ha©h napTHH skthibho vnacTBOBaA b napTHHHOH paSoxe, peryAH pno nocemaA napTHHHbie codpaHHH H AeA3A BCe AAH TO rO , qTO'6bl ocymecxBAHTb Ha npaKTHK€ noAHTHKy napTHH H femeHHH napTHfiHbix opranoB. Otckjas cAeAyex, hto napxHHHoe pyKOBOA- CTBO AOAACiHO A2B3Tb KaWA'OMy HABHy HApTHH KOHKip€THbl€ napTHHHbie HOpy- iieHHH H noMoraTb eMy BbiinoAHHTb nocTaBAeHHbie nepeA hhm 3aAaq«.
HeoOxoAHMo, hto6h b nempe ibhyxphha p th fi hoh paSora cxaA hach nap
THH. PyKOBOAHxeiiH napTHHHbix npynu AOA>KHb, aiiaxb xaoKAoro HAeaa h k m- AHAaTa napTHH b otacjibhocth, ero aanpocbi h ctiocoShocth, ero CAa6bi S S L CTOpOBH, 3HBTb. K3K OH f a t m m M '»pOHBBOMTBe H « » » * J - H » « S S n a O T B oOuloCTBBHHOii JKH3HH, HTO m u , « • HHTCpCCyCTCSI, K K «0- peTCH 3a acao napTHH.
MavneiiHe onocofeocTeft KaxcAt>ro OTAeAbHoro hach a napTHH h npHBAe- qeiiHe ero k coareeTCiByiomefl napTHfinon pafiore noMoaceT Hawiysiim M oopa- 30M pasBepnyxb 3th cnoco6»ocTH na npa,KTHKe b HHxepecax napTHH h Bcex TpyAHIAHXCH.
O T^E T H H H flOKJT^A BH JIbrE JIbM A 11HKA H A TPETbEM CbESHE C E n r 79
A'KTHBH 3 aUHH HJ16HQB Iia p T H H E € A «T K yJiyH IU C H H íO BCeH p a fíO T b l Iie p B H H - h h x n a p T H ííH b ix o p r a H H 3 a u H H , K O T o p b ie coeraBAsnor o c H O B y H a rn e a napTHH.
np-H 3TOM B3JKH0, HTOÓbl H H 30B bie n a p T 0 p ra H H 3 aHHH y q H J lH C b npaBHJIbHO
o p ra H H 3 0 B a T b c b o io p a ó o T y , c o n e x a s n o jiH T H q e C K y io h n p o H 3 B O A C T B e H H yio
AeHTejIbHOCTb.
OflHOH H3 BaJKHeñiiiHX sanan b oSnacTH opraHH3an,HOHHoro y a p e njighhh
napTHH, Han neM mu ycHJieHHO pa6oxaeM b nocjiejxuee BpeMH, ABAsercs ona- aaHHe noMoiuH neipBHHHbiM napTopraHH3auHHM, yjiyquieHHe mctoaob h cthhsj
PyKOBOTICTBa 3THMH opraHH3auHHMH.
npH 3tom pemaromee aHanenne HMeeT TmaiejibHoe H3yq©Hne nonoJKH- TejibHoro onbiTa «H30Bbix inapTopraHH3auHH h OTZiejibHbix nnenoB napTHH
h nonyjiapH3aiHHH 3Toro onbiTa bo Bceíi napTHH. Mbi fice npH3iHaeM ¡npaBHAb- HQCTb CTaJIHHCKOrO lIOJIO>KeHHH O TOM, HTO pyKOB'OJHTejIH A'OJIÍKHbl He^TOJIbKO
h nonyjiapH3aiHHH 3Toro onbiTa bo Bceíi napTHH. Mbi fice npH3iHaeM ¡npaBHAb- HQCTb CTaJIHHCKOrO lIOJIO>KeHHH O TOM, HTO pyKOB'OJHTejIH A'OJIÍKHbl He^TOJIbKO