10. Podsumowanie i wnioski
10.2. Kierunki dalszych prac
Ze względu na złożoność i interdyscyplinarność podjętej tematyki w rozprawie doktorskiej nie wyczerpano wszystkich tematów badawczych związanych ze zwiększeniem sprawności ogólnej silnika spalinowego przez rekuperację energii z gazów wylotowych wskutek zastosowania generatora ATEG2. W związku z powyższym, kierunki dalszych badań i prac rozwojowych powinny dotyczyć:
1. Zastosowania wysokotemperaturowych modułów TEM w opracowanym generatorze ATEG2 charakteryzujących się większymi parametrami użytecznymi niż moduły wykorzystane w rozprawie.
2. Zbudowanie generatora ATEG2 składającego się z modułów TEM nisko i wysokotemperaturowych. Te drugie powinny być umieszczone w pierwszej części wymiennika ciepła, natomiast niskotemperaturowe moduły TEM w ostatniej.
Zwiększy to sprawność odzysku strumienia energii odpadowej, co przełoży się na wzrost mocy generatora ATEG2.
3. Opracowania zintegrowanego generatora ATEG z układami katalitycznymi stosowanymi obecnie w silnikach spalinowych.
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Analysis of a drivetrain efficiency increase through the application of thermoelectric generator
The doctoral dissertation presents an experimental analysis of the possibility to increase the drivetrain system efficiency through exhaust gas energy recuperation. In the first part of the dissertation constituting its genesis the legal regulations requiring car manufacturers to reduce fuel consumption are presented – the rules governing the road CO2 emissions of the fleet. Then an analysis of opportunities to reduce fuel consumption (increasing the overall efficiency) was made as well as analysis of methods that are used by the world's car manufacturers in order to meet the legal requirements in this regard. Initially the focus was put on the structural changes that contribute to fuel consumption and emissions reduction. It has been shown that most manufacturers follow the strategy of downsizing in their drive units. In addition to structural changes in internal combustion engines new innovative technologies that reduce the occurring thermal and mechanical losses are being implemented. Hence methods of recovering energy from the exhaust gases are being developed. The dissertation presents technologies that are used and examples of solutions. The work focused mostly on thermoelectric generators for automotive applications.
The research part of the dissertation was divided into three sections. The first section concerns determining the energy balance of the internal combustion engines exhaust systems in different categories of vehicles based on measurements carried out in real driving conditions and on engine dynamometer stations. For the purpose of the dissertation, a method of determining the energy loss in the exhaust systems and the amount of energy supplied with the fuel to the internal combustion engine was developed. The obtained results allowed for outlining the base assumptions for designing a prototype thermoelectric generator. It was then used as a basis for the assembly of a generator model. This was the second stage of the research part of the dissertation. The final element of the dissertation was the measurements of energy recovery from internal combustion engines exhaust gases for two engines, SI and CI, using the developed design. Tests for the diesel engine were performed on a dynamic engine brake in the NEDC certification test and in a test driving cycle. In the case of the SI engine the tests were performed at defined engine operating points on a static engine dynamometer station. The efficiency of waste energy recovery was determined based on the measurement results and demonstrated a positive impact of using a thermoelectric generator on the overall efficiency of the drivetrain with the combustion engines.