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PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND FAO
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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1968
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-FAO Fisheries Reports, No. 64
APari:
hel
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND FAO TEGHBiCAL CONFERMCE ON
FISHERY RESEARCH CRAFT
Seattle, Washington, 18-24 M4y 1968
FOOD AID AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, December 1968
FRv/R64
Lab. y.
Scheepsholiwkoncle
Technische
Hogeschoc3
PREPARATION OF TRIS REPORT
This volume is part of the proceedings of the Second FAO Technical Conference on ?ishery Research Craft, organized by FAO and cosponsored by U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries in May 1968 in Seattle, Washington. The working papers contributed to and
rull
text of the discussions held during the meeting are published in two volumes andLssued under separate covers.
Distribution
PAO Department of Fisheries FAO Regional Fisheries Officers Participants to the Meeting Selector SM
"Current Bibliography" entry
FAO (1968) 14-5E116
FAO Fish.Rep.,
(64):56 p.
Proceedings of the second FAO TeChnical Conference on Fishery Research Craft, Seattle, Washington, 18-24 May
1968
Conference report. Boats oceanographic.
Design. Equipment. Boats unconventional.
NTENTS Page No. Background 1 Organization 1 Aekrow1edgements 2 Summary of Proceedings 2 Aprendices Address by Mr. C. Pautzke 11
II Address by Mr. J.O. Traung 13
III Address by Kr. H.E. Crowther 15
IV Agenda 19
V Officers of the Conference 21
VI Host organization 23
VII List of participants 25
VIII Abstracts of papera
BACKGROUND
At the invitation of the Government of Japan, a Research Vessel Forum was organized by FAO in Tokyo from 18 to 30 September 1961 and following this meeting the Government published
several papers and a summary of the discussions under the title of Research Vessel Design
(now out of circulation but available as a reprint from FAO). FAO also gave the
parti-cipants of the meeting copies of a publication entitled Research Vessel Data Edition I
which contained information about fifty research vessels and was considered so useful that
the participants recommended that FAO publish such data at regular intervals. As a result,
Research Vessel Data was issued in three volumes in
1965, 1966
and 1968 as FAO FisheriesReport No. 29.
The thirteenth session of the FAO Conference, held in 1965, decided that a second meeting
of this nature should be convened and after postponement due to budgetary reasons, the
Second FAO Technical Conference on Fishery Research Craft was organized in collaboration
with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries of the US Department of the Interior, Washington,
USA, in Seattle, Washington, from 18 to 24 May 1968.
The purpose of the meeting was to review progress in building and deve lopins fishery
research vessels since the first conference on this subject in 1961. Emphasis was laid
on unusual, advanced and integrated craft for fisheries research, and especially on how
problems in data collection and data processing could be solved. Papers were to cover the
performance of earlier craft, experience during operations and particularly deal with problems and their solutions, rather than to givs factual descriptions of completed craft.
ORGANIZATION
Invitations were sent out from the FAO Director-General's Office to all FAO Member Governments, waich were invited to appoint liaison officers to co-ordinate participation from both official fisheries services and institutions, as well as from interested persons
in private industry. Invitations were also sent to international organizations and
engineering societies. A selected number of authorities on the subjects covered by the
agenda were invited to submit written contributions. Fifty-six papers were accepted and
reproduced, of which forty-three were distributed in advance to the participants. (See
Research Craft Conference:2 Vol. I, 4orking Papers.) The remaining thirteen papers are
published in
Research Craft Conference:2 Vol. II,
Discussion and Working Papers.The Conference was opened by Mr. Clarence Pautzke, Commissioner, Fish and Wildlife
Service, US Department of the Interior (Appendix I), and Mr. Jan-Olof Traung spoke at the
opening session on behalf of FAO (Appendix II). At the conference dinner on the opening
day, Mr. H.E. Crowther, Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, US Department of the Interior, welcomed the participants (Appendix III).
The meeting was attended by 153 participants from 17 countries and three international
organizations. An observer from the Holy See was present (Appendix III).
The agenda of the conference was divided into eight technical sessions (Appendix IV). Mr. George C. Nickum, Seattle, Washington, USA, was appointed Chairman of the Conference. Two Vice Chairmen and ten rapporteurs were appointed (Appendix V).
ACKNO-vILMGEMENTS
FAO wishes to extend its grateful thanks to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the US
Department of the Interior for acting as co-sponsers of the Conference. The Bureau financed
the printing of Research Craft Conference:2 Vol. I, which was produced in an extremely short time, due to the effectiveness of the US Printing Office in Seattle.
The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries generously placed their services at the disposal of the Secretariat, and are to be congratulated on the efficiency of their local administrative
arrangements. (See Appendix VI, Host Organization.) Thanks are also due to those who
made it possible for the participants to make a tour of the research vessels MILLER FREEMAN and JOHN N. COBB, and in this connection, the action of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, in bringing the G.B.REID to Seattle for inspection by the participants was also much appreciated.
The Conference was held at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle. Its Director, Dr.
Dixie Lee Ray and staff did their utmost to ensure the smooth operation of the meeting.
Hospitality was offered to the participants by the City of Seattle and they were invited to a reception offered by the Seattle Fishing Industry and the Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers. Due acknowledgement is of course also extended to the Chairman,
Rapporteurs, Authors and others who took part in the discussions and contributed to the success of the Conference.
SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS
The full text of the discussions from theConference is published in Research Craft
Confer-ence:2 Vol. II, Discussion and Working Papers, and the following is a summary of it
which was prepared by Mr. H. Heyamoto, Deputy Director, Operations, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Craft requirements in relation to types of research activities and to conditions of operation
It was generally agreed that budgetary problems was one of the major considerations in
research craft construction. Taking cognizance of an analysis of the type of research to
be conducted, requirements should be drawn-up with the assumption that funds are unlimited.
These are presented to the naval architect for more detailed planning, and if the resultant
design does not fit the funding level, some compromises can be made. It was cautioned,
however, not to take all solutions and proposals by the architect as final, but to be fully
aware of loss in research effectiveness due to any compromise or change. The most useful
function a scientist can perform is to view the vessel from the standpoint of layout of laboratories in relation to their function and the physical circulation of the scientific
staff.
One of the major reasons for increased costs of marine fisheries studies is the construction, maintenance and operation of larger vessels needed to fulfill the increased requirements. Rising living standards of merchant seamen who demand a larger complement and better accommodations are also responsible for increased costs.
Planning for future and more advanced research craft is difficult; however, one method
is to use past experience as a guide to what will be required scientifically in the
future. Clear deck space, both forward and aft; good access from the deck to the
laboratories; good intercommunication between scientificareas; good liason with bridge;
seakindliness and dry decks; and a generous supply of electrical power seem to be the
3
that because of longer trips being made by larger vessels that more sophisticated methods of preservation would be required and that suitable space and necessary equipment should be considered.
Requirements for a multipurpose vessel was discussed, and it was concluded that a multi-purpose vessel should be 3000 G.T. or greater while 2000 G.T. would be suitable for a single purpose craft.
The FLASH concept of multipurpose vessel use was thought to be advantageous, but initial cost of construction of this type of vessel would be very high because of design
require-ments varying considerable from normal research vessel design. There was general
agree-ment that there was no simple solution as to how far to carry the FLASH concept, but that the idea deserved oonsideration.
The concensus of opinion was that successful vessels are the produce of intimate
collabo-ration by the user, designer, and the builder. The architect should have a full
under-standing of ship requirements and be able to explain engineering limitations which may
exist. The responsibility of the user is to sort out requirements and priorities. It
was pointed out that size, endurance, speed, and power are all intimately related and cannot be selected independently or arbitrarily, and that neither user or designer should take for granted a general understanding of what, to him, is an elementary or routine
matter.
Relative to the size of some research vessels it was said that there is an obvious trend
towards increased size. The largest vessels now under construction are from 225 ft to
235 ft (69 m to 72 m). Increase in vessel size has largely come about because of extended
areas of operation where climatic and weather conditions are a consideration, multi-purpose type of work to be done, and because of space requirements for the large amount of
equipment on board. The necessity of providing the crew with comfortable living
accomo-dation is another factor which has tended to increane vessel size. General opinion was
that the need should determine the size. Criterions such as area of operation, type and
amount of research, similarity to successful commercial vessels, crew number, and budget
allowances should be governing factors in determining size.
It was felt that research vessels for developing countries should be somewhat smaller, around 100 ft (30 m), due not only to high operational costs but also to management and
maintenance difficulties. The primary task for a research vessel in a developing country
should be to demonstrate methods
of
fishing, yet, be large enough to accommodate trainees. One should not regard these vessels
as prototype fishing vessels, however, as they are
usually far more advanced than conventional commercial vessels of the area in spite of
their relative simpleness.
Design and construction of fishery research vessels It was emphasized that research vessels
should be built for research purposes and not
mainly for safe and comfortable sea travel. The research mission must have top priority
and must overrule all other considerations as far as rules and regulations for construction
and navigation will allow.
In designing researcn vessels, it was felt that consideration should be given to future needs; and,
since these needs cannot always be predicted because
of rapid changes occurring in research technique, vessel construction should be such that
conversion could be undergone if the need arises.
Vesseleplanned for Arctic service should be designed very carefully for consequence of
icing. Tunnel tests have shown that ice buildup on all standing rigging,
wire mesh, etc., was considerable.
construction for ice loading was very much on the low side. To be realistic the estimates
had to be doubled. Other criterion mentioned were smooth shell finish thicker than normal
requirements and narrow spacing of frames to add longitudinal strengtn.
Displacement plays an important part in seakindliness; and for a research vessel, the
advantages of carrying ballast to provide a stable platform outweigh the disadvantages. Furthermore, if the ballast was water, the displacement could be regulated according to weather conditions.
The advantages and disadvantages of large versus moderate to small bulbous bows was
discussed. It was concluded that the speed/length ratio was important in determining the
size of bulb; and that for vessels with a speed/length ratio less than 1.0, it would be
more advantageous to have a moderate to small bulbous bow.
Several types of anti-roll mechanisms were discussed among which were bilge keels, center
boards, and anti-rolling tanks. Although there was general agreement that bilge keels were
quite effective, tnere was some apprehension as to sine, effect on speed, use under heavy
ice conditions, and use in certain types of fisheries. It was pointed out that more
experimentation would prove enlightening. Several experiences were related concerning
the use of center boards, and all confirmed that center boards were very successful in
reducing vessel roll. It was brought out that anti-roll tanks (active and passive systems)
were quite effective in stabilizing vessels. There was difficulty in some cases in
separating the effect of anti-roll tanks from the effect of bilge keels. Assessing this
difference on model tests was not possible, because it is difficult to reproduce scale
effect on bilge keels on modeis. Bilge keels, therefore, are left off model tests. It
was brought out that passive systems should be placed as high as possible on the veesel and
usually in the full beam. Active systems were considered to be quite expensive, probably
too much so for fishermen. It was also mentioned that vessels operating in freezing
conditions should have a means of dumping water overboard and for transferring to lower
positions. Tank insulation should also be a consideration. A warning was expressed that
danger exists in inexperienced people designing their own tanks without proper testing, and in adding tanks to existing snips witnout taking into consideration the free surface effect created by these tanks.
It was stated that
1.5
np/ft length was insufficient power for a bow thruster; however,there are several recently constructed research vessels with bow thrusters within that
horsepower range. It was suggested ttat rather than using length as the only criteria for
selecting power for a bow thruster, one should consider the sail area of the superstructure together with the direction in which one wishes to keep the vessel in relation to the wind.
Disadvantages of the tunnel-type bow thruster in researcn vessels are (1) underwater noise,
creating disturbances for echo sounding devices and forward bertned crew, (2) riding out
of the water in heavy seas due to having to place it so high, and (3) lateral thrust falls
off markedly with increased forward speed. Some lateral bow thrusters are fitted with
oycloidal propellers, others with retractable propeller units with nozzles to increase
thrust. Anotner concept was brought out which utilized two steerable propellers equipped
with nozzles to use in combination with the forward bow thruster. It was pointed out that
cycloidal propellers would provide more lateral thrust than steerable nozzles on propellers. It was also mentioned that two propellers aft, separately controlled, and a bow thruster
would make it rather complex for the man of tne bridge. A jet system was favored for one
research vessel to eliminate the possibility of tangling wires in the propeller of the
retractable type. It was pointed out, however, that directed water jet is not an efficient
method of providing thrust, because an input of 500 hp to the pump is equivalent to about
400 hp on a conventional propeller. On the other nand, water jets have worked very well
As regards towing points on vessels, it was stated that the towing point should be as close
to the vessel's pivoting point as possible to increas, manoeuvrability. It was suggested
that the position of the superstructures be considered in relation to the towing point,
similar to studies of forces on sailisg boats. To compare these for use on different size
vessels, it was recommended that the horizontal distance between the position of the center of lateral plan and center of effort (lead) could be expressed as a percentage of the waterline length.
Regarding catamarans, it was stated that with the flat side inside there was least
resistance going forward; while with the flat side on the outside, the vessel behaved
better in a following sea. While some crewmen preferred catamaran motion over motion of
single hulled vessels, most crewmen, at first, generally did not appreciate catamaran
motion, as it was quite different from conventional vessels. These vessels, however, are
considered quite safe. The motion was a matter of becoming accustomed.to. It was pointed
out that in only a very few cases catamarans have less resistance than single hulled
vessels. They are g3serally more expensive to build than single hulled vessels.
As regards classifying of research vessels, the UK has no requirements as to subdivision
and stability as research vessels are not classed as passenger ships. In the USA research
vessels must meet one compartment standards, while passenger ships must meet the two
compartment standard. Government owned ships, however, are not required to meet any
standards. In France, there are no standards set forth although attempts are being made
to rectify this. In Germasy, research vessels must meet the two compartment standard when
carrying more than 12 scientists. Although there were no required standards for research
vessels in most countries, it was obvious that safety was of primary concern and that most
everyone favored some sort of required standard. Load lines are required in some countries.
It was felt that load lines in themselves were alright except that other regulations follow which adversely affect research operations.
Comments regardisg gift vessels for conversion to research work were that these gifts could
turn out to be very costly, as most are received with very little or no inspection. One
point in favor of conversion is that funds are usually more available than for construction of a new vessel.
It was pointed out that in most countries, with the exception of Germany and Australia, preparation of complete research vessel design and specifications was done by private firms
and the problem of warranty was in the hands of the consultant or shipbuilder. The role of
classification societies was brought out as being that of an underwriter's agent assuring, on behalf of the user, that the vessel would be built in accordance with accepted standard;
and not to insure the resulting vessel would be a functional unit. The request for
proposal method for procurement of vessels was generally agreed to have merit, but most
likely would not be adequate in cases of large, complex research ships. In some cases even
small vessels proved a problem because of the extremely wide range in price quotations. Arrangements and fixed equipment on board
On the subject of propulsion, it was stressed that vessel requirements such as towing power of free runnisg speed be seriously considered before selection of propulsion machinery. It was also emphasized that the design engineer and naval architect should be kept informed of any basic chasges in requirements in a vessel before and during construction so that he may, if necessary, adjust the design of the propulsion machinery.
Regarding the types of winches to install aboard research vessels, it was felt that the use to which the winch would be put should determine whether a particular winch was suitable or
purposes, and disk clutches and brakes used in the tuna indsutry may have some application
elsewhere in the world. A novel une of a trawl net reel as a constant tension third wire
winch was mentioned. The need for developing winches to aid commercial fishing was stressed,
. such as was accomplished in the Scottish fly-dragging seines and Danish seines.
The acoustic detection equipment applied so far in marine research had mostly been
conventional echo sounders and sonar systems. More sophisticated systems are beginning to
be employed such as scanning sonar, variable depth sonar, and frequency modulated sonar.
Specialized instruments are becoming more and more important in fisheries research, and
specialized vessels will be necessary for acoustic surveys. It is also evident that
choice of instruments will have a great impact on future vessel characteristics and vice
versa. The characteristics of a vessel influence performance of instruments, and the most
important factor is usually the noise characteristic of a ship.
Location of acoustic equipment is often a point of contention by vessel skippers; however,
it was pointed out that sounding and data evaluation is predominantly for the scientist
and should be placed at his convenience. The skipper is in charge during fishing trials;
and, if possible, duplicate instruments should be placed in the pilot house, or the
instruments could be shared in a room adjacent to the bridge. Stabilizing transducers for
work in heavy seas is considered very expensive. It was strongly recommended, however,
that towed transducers are more advantageous for this type of need as well as having several other advantages.
Applyiag signatures to acoustic recordings is considered a serious problem facing
scientists. It was agreed that trial fishing was an indirect way of knowing what was
sounded, but could be quite accurate in areas where the fauna is known. A direct optical
means such as underwater flash photography or television would be much better. Acoustic
research work will become increasingly important in the future, and, as such, sophistication
of vessels and equipment is inevitable. Future survey vessels could well be hydrofoils or
hover craft equipped with high speed submersible transducers.
Basically, noises on board ship can be classified as water-borne noises, vibrations,
and air-borne noises. In general, noises can be reduced by slowing the equipment
and pumps along with hull design should be considered if noise level is going to be kept
minimal. Tests by the military in reduction of noise levels is presently classified but
would be very useful to fisheries researchers should they be made available.
Disposal of fish after laboratory inspection can be handled in various ways among which is
use of a conveyor system from laboratory to the side of the ship. Another method is to
chop the fish mechanically and pump the remains overboard.
As regards fish holding tanks, especially for tagging, the tanks should be on the main desk
if possible. The problems involved in releasing tagged fish varies depending on type and
location of tanks, but sluicing systems or ejection by air pressure could be used. It was
mentioned that lighting over the tanks would reduce injuries to fish.
The need for adequate refrigeration space was emphasized if research missions were to be
adequately fulfilled. While space is a factor on many ships, facilities to store iced
fish, or space for immersion freezing, dry freezing, or chilled sea water tanks would
greatly enhance the research capability of research ships.
The trend of thinking as regards computers on board ship was that it was a necessary tool of researchers, but at the moment at least, the equipment was very expensive and costly to
permanently install. Some types, however, could be rented. There appeared to be some
7
favored smaller units while others suggested removable machines which could be used
ashore when not on the vessel. To the question on whether it would be possible to have
recording instruments on board with processing ashore, the answer was that the most
valuable feature of data processing on board is in producing reports as the cruise
progresses. As regards transmission of data from ship-to-shore and return, the opinion
was that this would be workable on a fleet basis but not applicable to single research
vessels. It was thought that there would be great value in having compatibility in
computer systems on ships from different nations for purposes of data excnange.
Operational problems and costs
There was little doubt that the major cost item of operating a research vessel was in the
cost of the crew. Most vessel operations aimed at keeping the vessel at sea from 200 to
270 days per year. The crew appeared to be the limiting factor for nuMber of days at sea.
To increase vessel time at sea, it was suggested that crew rotation be used. This could
be accomplished in a variety of ways, and the exchanges could be done between cruises or at
some station away from home port. Another system would be to increase the number of
crewmen so that some could be on leave at all times making the turnover in crew gradual. In the past, there was the conflict of who should have the most comfortable accommodation
the crew or the scientists? The thinking now is that all should be as equal as possible
with the Captain, Chief Scientist, and Chief Engineer having slight advantages. It was
pointed out that work areas should have first priority on space with least motion and discomfort.
The ratio of crew to scientists varies with type of vessel and research situation. In
some areas, it is 2 to 1, in others 4 to 1, and, in special cases, as in oil research, it
can be 1 to
3.
It was felt that automation was a desirable objective on board vessels, but it would be
difficult to achieve if it meant displacing crew members. This could be done on vessels
with large numbers of crewmen easier than on small vessels. Automation could begin in the
galleys where pre-cooked frozen foods could be prepared on paper plates in infra-red or micro-wave ovens.
As regards management of vessels, it appeared that there was good planning by vessel users on a local basis but not too much relative to overall, long-range objectives, such as is done by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and the International
Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. It was felt by some that this would not
be done in the United States unless a department was organized on marine resources at a
cabinet level.
On the subject of operational costs, it was brought out that the Japanese could operate their research vessels at a much lower rate than other countries with comparable sized
ves:sels. The difference in cost was in crew wages. Other craft for fishery research
Besides using surface craft for conducting fishery research, other possibilities are
submersibles of varying sizes, fixed platforms, buoys, aircraft, and satellites. Opinions
were expressed that oftentimes fishery research objectives could be accomplished better
and at less expense on chartered commercial vessels than from research vessels. This could
be carried to the extent that special rooms and equipment could be installed aboard
commercial vessels by consent of the captain to accomplish the research work. It was
vessel could be used in initial stages of development of a new system or gear without undue publicity, while commercial vessels are best suited to test final stages of new
gear design or technological developments. Other uses of commercial vessels are for
tagging studies or resource assessment work. Chartering in some countries sometimes
poses problems because of the low bid process; however, in most instances, this can be
worked out satisfactorily. One objection to chartering commercial vessels is that they
are not always available; and, if available, not at a constant charter rate. Rates are
always higher during peak fishing seasons when often fishery research work is desired. It was pointed out that mini-subs available for fisheries research at this time are very
expensive to operate and limited in use. It was also mentioned that perhaps the scientific
community, as a whole, WaS not quite ready to accept submarines as useful research tools
at the present time.
The buoy system for collecting oceanographic and meteorological data was feasible and should be used to complement other techniques and platforms that are presently being used
to gather such data. It was suggested that these data be centralized and made available
to all scientists.
The use of FLIP type vehicles was discussed and it was generally agreed that these vehicles
were designed for use by oceanographers and not, at present, available for fisheries
research.
It was felt that satellites could
play
an important role in fish detection, obtainingoceanographic conditions, and fish prediction, but that its usefulness was still in the
future. The problem as seen at the present time was in getting fishing vessels to areas
of fish concentrations quickly enough. On the other hand, information of no fish in an
area would be of value to searching fishing vessels also. Perhaps the ideal system would
be to use a combination of aircraft and satellites to locate fish schools.
Future trends
It was pointed out that most papers presented at the conference included a section on
future aspects of their research. Ideas such as "in situ" aquaria, new net designs,
special purpose research vessels, herding of fish by trained marine animals, and various
uses of submersibles were brought forth. Some of the ideas, however, were restricted by
present day thinking on regulations and economics.
An opinion was expressed that future research efforts should emphasize efforts toward
catching fish by restricting their movements rather than relying on natural characteristics
of the fish as is done today. Others thought that effort should be placed on presently
little utilized species such as squid and euphausiids.
As regards developing countries, it was felt that in the future something should be done
to alleviate the situation as it exists today, whereby the receiving government must either
match or pay a considerable portion of the research funds, because oi
tnlB,
ile poorestcountries, who most need this help, cannot receive aid while expensive research vessels
lie idle. Another suggestion to help developing countries was to make better use of
research vessel time, especially those vessels not in use for one reason or another. An
international pool system for research craft was suggested as a solution to increase
9
It was brought out that for predicting future needs in research vessels, it would be useful if records were available in which research vessels were extensively used together with a
good description of the research program. This could be used as a case history for
fore-casting future needs. On the problem of increasing food products from the oceans in the
future, aside from considering requirements, operations, and performance of fishery research craft along with equipment development, one must first consider the biological aspect of the question.
ADDRESS AT THE OPENING SESSION
by
Mr. Clarence Pautzke
Commissioner, Fish & Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior
Appendix I
Mr. Chairman, distingtished guests, and delegates:
May I extend the welcome of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, to this conference on fishery research craft.
The first conference was held in Japan in September 1961. At that time there were sc 36 delegates gathered in Tokyo to discuss design and operational problems of fishery
research craft. There are close to 250 people at this conference and some 60 of then
from foreign countries. This reflects the increasing interest by all nations of the world in the ocean and its resources.
I think the choice of Seattle for this conference is extremely appropriate in that there are probably a larger number of fisheries and oceanographic research personnel Seattle than in any other city in the United States. Within the city there is the fa College of Fieheries at the University of Washington, and a large Oceanographic Depal ment is also housed on the Campus. The Government operates a number of oceanographic and fisheries research vessels from the Seattle area. The Bureau of Commercial Fishe
ies, ESSA, Coast & Geodetic Survey, Coast Guard, and Navy all support major oceano-graphic or fisheries activities. The International Pacific Halibut Commission and th Washington State Department of Fisheries have offices at the University of Washington College of Fisheries, and in addition a number of industries connected with fisheries and oceanography operate in the area. We are also fortunate in having the excellent
facilities of the Pacific Science Center in which to hold this conference. I hope yc
will take the opportunity while in Seattle to visit some of these activities and to become familiar with the Seattle area. The outcome of this conference will be of importance to them as well as to the entire fisheries and oceanographic community. May I wish you every success in your conference.
me in med r-e u
-13-Appendix II
ADDRESS AT THE OPENING SESSION by
Mr, Jan-Olof
TraungAssistant to the Director, Fishery Resources and Exploitation Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
The Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization, Mr. Addeke H. Boerma, has requested me to open this Second FAO Technical Conference on Fishery Research Crs and to welcome all the participants from so many of FAO's Member Governments which ha a great interest in the wise exploitation of fisheries resources.
He wants it to be quite clear that the Department of Fisheries is not the only FAO activity but its international character makes it a very important unit within the
Organization.
Unfortunately, too many people believe that fishing is simply dipping a net or a hook
into the water. Many of those are also of the type which hates science and technology, those who dislike TV and radio, are frightened of steel and concrete, blame their
stresses and headaches on automobiles and aircraft and have difficulty dealing witk mechanical gadgets. Those are the people who want wool and cotton but notsynthetic fabrics, milk in glass bottles and not in paper, who want to live in the country and
shop in old-fashioned shops and not in supermarkets but who, if the electricity faile the water is turned off or the heating is not working, complain bitterly. They don't
want to work 14 hours a day to maintain their old-fashioned life, they don't want to live without their newspapers and telephones and they have nothing against hygiene aid
good medical care. Still they hate those scientists, engineers and inventora who have
made life so comfortable for them. What
would we
dotoday
without electricity, com-bustion engines, automobiles and aircraft - and fisheries research?If fishing is to develop we shall have to accelerate our use of science and technology and, in this work, naturally a fishery research craft is an expensive tool which needs
serious attention.
As is usual with FAO technical conferences, the Director-General has selected, in collaboration with his technical advisers and the sponsors of this meeting, the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the most competent leader of this meeting he can think
of. As we all know, in this case, he has asked Mr. George C. Nickum to be the Chairman. I want to extend the thanks of the Director-General to Mr. Niokum for his acceptance of
this heavy burden; however, before I turn the Chair over to him, I should like to read the following cabled message sent by Mr. Roy Jackson, Assistant Director-General
(Fisheries) to Mr. Nickam. "Dear Mr. Nickum,
I wish you and all participants in the Second FAO Technical Conference on Fishery Research Craft all success and I do regret that it is not possible for me to attend personally due to other unavoidable commitments. Information received
ft
-14-in FAO -14-indicates that the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and associated committees in Seattle have surpassed themselves in making excellent arrangements including publication outstanding documentation and I wish to extend FAO's
thanks to all those who have contributed financially and technically. I am
especially looking forward to the results of the discussions on how best to plan equip and utilize research craft to produce maximum knowledge of fishery resources as a basis for their rational exploitation and their full use for benefit mankind. May I also thank you personally for your kindness in accepting the chairmanship of the conference and please extend our sincere thanks also to the vice chairmen, discussion leaders and rapporteurs you may want to appoint."
-15-Appendix III
ADDRESS AT TH1 CONFERENCE DINNER
by
Mr. H.E. Crowther
Director, Bureau of Commercial Fisheries U.S. Department of Interior
Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. It is a real pleasure to be with you and
to greet so many old and new friends.
I do not believe too many people know that my first job with the Fish and Wildlife Service, back in
1949,
was as a fishery engineer in gear research and exploratoryfish-ing. My first experience aboard a research vessel was during the same year on the Bureau's exploratory fishing vessel OREGON which wae engaged in albacore tuna work off
the Washington coast. I have had a number of assignments in the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries since that time, but I still remember that first job in the Federal
Govern-ment. That memory is among the many reasons I am especially interested in this
Confer-ence.
The first Food and Agriculture Organization Conference an Research Vessels was held in
Japan in September of 1961. At that time 34 delegates from various nations met in Tokyo to exchange information on the technical aspects of design and operation of
research vessels, with particular emphasis on
those requiredfor
fisheries researchwork. The meeting was particularly timely in that it represented the beginning of an unprecedented decade in the history of ocean sciences.
In the 7 years since the Tdkyo Conference many more nations have become active in
investigating the seas. In this short interval, more fisheries and oceanographic vessels have been designed and built than in any previous period in history. When the last FAO conferenoe was convened, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries had only one major
new ocean-going research vessel - the ALBATROSS IV. Sinoe that time, we have added the DAVID STARR JORDAN, TOWNSEND CROMWELL, MILLER FREEMAN and OREGON II to our fleet. In
addition, other U.S. agencies have constructed some
30
new high seas oceanographic research and survey vessels which carry out work of considerable value to fisheriesdevelopment. All these vessels are capable of operating anywhere in the world.
Similar building programmes for fisheries research vessels have been duplicated in many
of the world's maritime nations.
The rapid build-up in ocean research facilities during this decade is a product, if I may use the somewhat trite phrase, of an "oceanographic boom" - a boom in which all
sectors of ocean sciences have prospered, at least financially. The boom is in part
a product of man's curiosity of the unknown, and in part a result of a science which has been highly dramatized and made popular by the news media. But more specifically,
it is also the product of need - a need which has grown out of man's increasing demands
for protein to feed a raie,.dly expanding world population.
I shall not elaborate on the burden which the increasing world population will place upon us regarding the need to increase food production. It is perhaps pertinent,
how-ever, to note that the growth of world fisheries in the past two decades has exceeded that for any other period, and that during the past 20 years there has been a
manifesta-tion of truly high-seas fisheries operamanifesta-tions. Last year close to 50 million metric tons of fish and shellfish were taken from the ocean. The importance of this catch is
demonstrated by the fact that fish currently represent the major source of animel
pro-tein for about half the world's population.
The increasing demand for food frcm the sea has quite naturally accelerated studies of the ocean's food potentials and the rational use of its living resources. The questions asked by today's marine scientists, however, differ from those which were asked only
several decades ago. We are passing from the general descriptive phase of ocean science into a period of specialization. The answers sought by today's marine scientists have
required a proliferation of the types of platforms from which marine research is
under-taken. Fisheries research vessels today must incorporate a greater degree of flexibility
to accomplish their varied missicns. They must not only be capable of handling
sophisti-cated oceanographic equipment, but must also be able to effectively operate large nets
similar to those used by the fishing industry. They must provide laboratory space and
equipmeet which allow for data storage and analysis and, in addition, communication facilities which permit ship-to-shore transmission of research data.
The emphasis in fisheries research has also changed in the past decade. We are becoming increasingly concerned with hcm we can profit or take advantage of the information
acquired on ocean resources; that is, there is today a more applied tone to the marine research than there was just a few years ago. Our scientists are seeking better means
to search out and detect the living resources beneath the sea's air-water-interface. We are attempting to develop means whereby we can quantify these resources and, in addition, means to extract the fish or shellfish in an efficient and profitable manner. We are studying means to predict variations in the distribution and abundance of fish
in both time and space, and we are developing more sophisticated
management
proceduresto
permit maximizing the yields of these resourcesin time.
In
addition, our scientists are attempting to develop better means of preserving fish and developing new uses forthese products.
The variad tasks cf today's marine scientists have resulted in a variety of research
craft. Many are conventional surface vessels which have been designed to undertake
specific missions. But the horizons of observation have, in the past decade, been greatly expanded. We are now probing under the seas to make observations with a
variety of submersibles. Some of these can operate from surface waters to the greatest depths of the sea. Whereas only several such craft existed at the time of the last
research vessel conference, almoet every major fishing nation of the world now operates underseas craft to investigate the behaviour, distribution and abundance of sea life or to investigate the physical, chemical or geological nature of the ocean and its seabed. There are now over 20 submersibles which can operate in ocean depths between 1,000 and
15,000 feet. In the future we can expect that the research platform will include laboratory facilities built beneath the sea's surface. This will indeed soon be a
reality.
Illuetrative of advances being made in underwater habitats is an exciting programme which will be started early next year in the Caribbean. In this effort, four scientists
will live and
work for 60 consecutive days on the ocean floor while isolated at a depth17
-The programme will involve the U.S. Navy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administra-tion, the Department of the Interior, and the General Electric Company, and will take place below the surface of Greater Lamedhur Bay, Virgin Islands National Park, offshore
from St. John's Island.
The overall objective of this programme is two-fold: (1) to conduct extensive marine science studies on the ocean bottom with emphasis on behaviour and habits of marine animals and how they interact with their environment, and (2) to study and observe the behaviour of men living in relative isolation in an alien environment under stress. Such data can be applied both to future underseas missions and to extended duration
space missions.
A twin-chamber dwelling will be the home and laboratory for two full months for the team
of scientists. Their contact with the outside world will be limited to voice
communica-tion. Behavioural scientists and physicians will observe the diver scientists both inside and outside the habitat via closed-circuit television throughout the operation.
The undersea habitat will consist of two vertical structures 12 feet in diameter by 18
feet high connected by a 4-foot diameter tunnel. Each structure will have two living
compartments, one above the other.
Food supplies will be stored in the capsule before its descent. Water and the breathing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen will be supplied through a lifeline linking the capsule
with a shore-baeed complex. Separate cables will provide power and communications.
A small two-man wet submersible will be used by the scientists for short field trips away from their temporary home on the ocean bottom.
The sponsoring Government agencies hope not only to gain a wealth of data on marine sciences and the behaviour of small groups while in close confinement for long periods, but also to refine the technology of saturation diving at relatively shallow depths.
In addition to probing the depths of the sea, we have extended our observational plat-forms into the air and are exploring the surface phenomena and near-surface sea life via aircraft reconnaissance and satellite surveillance. Recent research on observation taken by satellites indicates possible large payoff in fisheries. Orbiting resource satellites may provide ocean data needed for scientists to predict where abundance and
availability of resources are most promising. Weather satellites are already providing
the type of operational data needed on ocean storms and sea heights so that it is
possible to route vessels expeditiously to fishing grounds. Thus, satellites, aircraft, surface craft, and subsurface craft, are all now a part of the community of platforms being used to observe and measure ocean phenomena and improve aur knowledge of the seas.
In addition to these, we cannot ignore the possibility that part of our jobs in the future will be done remotely from monitoring or drifting buoys or remotely controlled
subsurface vehicles and facilities.
At this very moment oceanographers and meteorologists through the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization are planning an
Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS). This system calls for worldwide
deploy-ment of ocean buoys and use of other platforms such as merchant and fishing vessels for continuously monitoring the ocean surface and subsurface and the overlying atmosphere. Data will b. automatically telemetered to land stations for analyses and dissemination
to users, including fishermen. The possible payoff to fishermen in this global system
through better weather forecasts and predictions of abundance and distribution of
18
-I noted earlier that about 50 million metric tons of fish and shellfish were harvested
in 1967. The potential of the seas is stated to range somewhere between 200 million
and 1,000 million metric tons. But these estimates are theoretical potentials based on
the ocean's productive capacity. They can only be realized by the development of a highly sophisticated harvest technology, concurrent with a fundamental understanding of how these resources react to their natural environment, as well as man's exploitation. The information retrieved by the scientists from the research vessel and the harvest technology developed must be subsequently transmitted to the producer or processor if
it is to benefit mankind.
Regardless of all the technology nations may develop, the greatest need perhaps is to increase our international cooperation and understanding to ensure that the full potential of the ocean is to be realized. In March of this year, President Johnson, realizing this need, proposed to the Congress an International Decade of Ocean
Explora-tion to start in
1970.
Certainly full use of new and developing research platforms and new harvesting techniques along with better means of managing ocean resources may be apart of the ocean decade. History may truly mark the 1970's as the decade in
which
nations were first able to work and plan together effectively in development and use ofocean resources for benefit of all mankind.
Thus, the fisheries research business is becoming and will become increasingly complex. Obviously research craft, whether airborne, surface, or subsurface, represent the plat-forms from which basic observations are made. The impact that such craft can have on
our future is tremendous. We cannot, however, gauge progress in ocean sciences solely
on the basis of tools we employ. The part or role that they may play in solving world food needs and proper use of the ocean's living resources must be measured in terms of
increased ocean yields.
Your task at this Conference, of course, is that of information dissemination. The
Conference can help to ease the tasks of other researchers who are planning to design
and build new vessels. It can eliminate mistakes that we have made in the past and stimulate new ideas and concepts which should ultimately lead to better research plat-forms and hence make our job easier and more productive at sea. In this way we can make some contribution to accelerating the effective use of potentials of the sea. I am honoured to have been selected to address you this
evening,
and I am certain that those who are visiting Seattle for the first time will soon realize they are in one ofAmerica's most progressive and modern cities. May your stay here be most pleasant and
19
Appendix IV
AGMiDA
Craft requirements in relation to types of research activities
Items to consider: size, operational radius, speed, power (main and auxiliary), sea behaviour, space requirements, general design
1.1 Fishing (influence of fishing methods and combination of methods on general
layout; convertibility at sea from one method to another)
1.2 Fishing gear technology (instrumented gear testing, comparative fishing,
development of labour saving gear handling)
1.3 Fishery biology and environmental research (collection of biological,
physical and chemical data) 1.4 Acoustic surveys
1.5 Laboratory work and data processing on board
1.6 Processing technology (extension of storage time, improvement of quality,
development of methods to minimise labour for processing the catch on board)
Craft requirements in relation to conditions of operation
2.1 Weather
and
sea 2.2 Inshore/Oceanic2.3 Harbours and servicing facilities
2.4 Climatic zones
Design and construction of fishery research vessels
3.1 Design: size, hull design (speed, seakindliness, manoeuvrability),
laboratories, crew comfort, roll stabilization, unusual designs (e.g. catamarans, hydrofoils), influence of international conventions and regulations of individual countries on design
3.2 Construction: obtaining bids, placing contract, supervision of
construction,
use of new materials, trial and shakedown cruises, costs, new construction
20
Arrangements and fixed eouipment on board
4.1 Winches, etc. (for biological and environmental research equipment and
fishing gear; deep research vehicles and/or other auxiliary craft)
4.2 Acoustic instruments
4.3
Other electronic equipment (telemetering, television, navigational aids, facsimile, radio, intercommunication systems, computers, data loggingsystems and instruments, voltage and frequency regulation)
4.4 Laboratories and operation center
4.5
Live fish tanks4.6 Data analysis and transmission 4.7 Fish hold and stores
4.8 Underwater observation domes
Operational problems
5.1 Officers and crew (accommodation and strength, rotation, possibilities for
reduction with the help of automation)
5.2-
Scientific and technical staff (accommodation and strength, rotation)5.3
Management andshore
service (including planning of use)Cost per day/Scientific output efficiency
Maintenance and operational costs by sizeclasses. Experience of vessels 1960-67
Use of other craft for fishery research
7.1 Charter of commercial fishing vessels
7.2 Other special purpose surface craft: fishery training vessels, fishery protection vessels, hydrographic survey ships, oceanographic research vessels, polar exploration vessels, hospital ships, lighthouse tenders,
cable ships, light ships, merchant ships, commercial fishing vessels
7.3 Multipurpose surface craft (including use of fishery research vessels for
other kinds of research and observation)
7.4 Subsurface vehicles: submarines, deep research vessels, FLIPs etc.
7.5
Other possibilities (fixed platforms, buoys, aircraft, satellites)Chairman
Vice-Chairmen
Rapporteurs
Craft requirements Design and construction Propulsion and winches Acoustics
Noise
Arrangements on board
Computers
Operations and costs Other craft
Future trends FAO Secretariat
Representative of the
Director-General and Secretary
Associate Secretary
Chief Technical Secretary
Technical Secretaries
Interpreters Chief
21
-OFFICERS OF THE CONFERENCE
Appendix V
Mr. G.C. Nickum (USA) Mr. G.C. Trout (UK) Prof. A. Takagi (Japan)
Mr. R. Glosten USA)
Dr. J. Schlirfe Germany)
Mr. W. Dickson FAO) Mr. O. Dragesund (Norway) Mr. J. Leiby (USA)
Mr. R.E. Craig (UK) Mr. L.O. Engvall (FAO) Mr. R.S. Wolf (USA)
Mr. Y.E.H. Rocquemont (France) Mr. W.L. High (USA) Mr. J.C. Traung Mr, G. Saetersdal Mr. P. Gurtner Mr. W. Dickson Mr. L.O. Engvall Mr.
IL
Galbrandsen Mr. E. Roditi Miss I. Boeglin-Marica Mrs. Dolores Dove Mr. A. Hadamard Mrs. J. Rohatyn Miss Monica Vila-23
Appendix V
HOST ORGANIZATION
Chairman, Host Committee: Mr. D.R. Johnson
Liaison Officer and Co-Secretary: Mr. E.R. Schaefers
Executive Committee: Chairman Dr. D.L. *Iverson Dr. D.L. Bay Mr. G.C. Nickum Finance Committee: Chairman Mr. G.C. Nickum Mr. J. Haydon Facilities Committee: Chairman Dr. D.L. Ray Mr. R. Trowbridge Accommodation Committee: Chairman Mr. J.M. Haydon Dr. M. Steinberg Entertainment Committee: Chairman Dr. F.G. Bartlett Mr. W.G. Saletic Transportation Committee: Chairman Mr. P. Fisher Mr. B. Larkins Mr. H. Heyamoto Publicity Committee Chairman Mr. W.G. Saletic Dr. F.G. Bartlett Mr. T.V. Ryan Mr. K. Backstrom
Canada
BRENNAN, J.H.
Marine Superintendent
Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Bioloe;ical Station, Nanaimo,B.C.
CASE, John N. President
Case Existological Laboratories Ltd. 1006 Government
Victoria, B.C.
DODIMEAD, A.J.
Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Biological Station Nanaimo, B.C.
DOUST, Dr. David J.
Vice Pres. and Tech. Dir.
Commercial Marine Services Ltd. Naval Architects
637 Craig St. West, Suite 1002 Montreal 3, P.Q.
GAUTRISR, Monique
Océanographe-Biologiste
Station de Biologie marine
Grande-Rivière, Quebec
JOHNSON, W.W.
Vessel and Gear Teohnologist
Industrial Development Service
Department of Fisheries of Canada Ottawa, Ontario
SPARLING, W.H.
Research Vessel Manager
Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Dartmouth, N.S.
-25-LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Ecuador ROSILLO, Vincente L. 6556 - 44th Ave. N.E. Seattle, Washington98115
FranceROCQUEMONT, Yves E.H.
Ingenieur en chef du Giinie maritine
Direction de la Flotte de Commerce
et de l'Equipement naval
Marine marchande 3 place Fontenoy
Paris 7e
Germany, Federal Republic of
JOHANNSEN, K.
Regierungs-Baudirektor
Typungsstelle der Wasser,- und Schiffahrtsdirektion
Moorweidenstr. 14
2 Hamburg 13
SCHÄRFE, Dr. Joachim
Institut für Fangtechnik der Bundes-forschungsanstalt far Fischerei Palmaille 9
2 Hamburg 50
Appendix VII
Ghana ARMAR, M.
Senior Fisheries Officer Ministry of Agriculture
P.O. Box M.37, Ministry Branch Post Office Accra
Italy
DI MENTO, Dr. Carlo
Segretario Tecnico Programma Risorse Marina Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerohe
Via Cornelio Celso 7
RAMPI, Ten. Col. Attilio NAVITALIA
2110 Leroy Place N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008
SCOTTO DI SANTILLO, Salvatore
Capitano d'Armamento Navi Oceanografiche
Consiglio Nazionale dells Ricerche
7 Piazzale delle Scienze
Rome
Japan
CHIGUSA, Seigoro
Managing Director
Nisshin Kogyo Co. Ltd.
Asahi Building 3, 3-Chome, Nakanoshima
Kita-Ku, Osaka
HOSHINOi Hisao
Chief, Technical Section, Shipbuilding
Division
Niigata Engineering Co. Ltd. 27-7, 2-Chome, Taito
Taito-Ku, Tokyo
KANASASHI, Yoshiaki
President of Kanashi Ship Yard
Shimizu, Japan
TAKAGI, Prof. Atsushi
Vice President
Fishing Boat Association of Japan 8th Floor, Sempakushinko Building
35 Kotchira-Cho, Shiba Minato-Ku, Tokyo
TANAKA, Isoichi
Executive Director
Koden Electronics Co. Ltd. 10-45 Kamiosaki, 2-Chome Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo
UCHIIKE, Michio
(Managing Director) Naval Architect Miho Shipyard Co. Ltd.
7, 3-Chome, Yaesu Chuo-Ku, Tokyo
Korea
CHUNG, Jong Rak
Senior Fisheries Technologist
Korea Institute of Science and Technology
P.O. Box 38 Seoul
Netherlands MENTING, Th. 0j.
Technical Manager
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
den Helder Buitenhaven 27,
Norway
BORUD, Arnulv
Chief of Laboratories Simonsen and Mustad A.A. Strandgat 31
Horten
DRAGESUND, Olav Marine Researcher
Marine Research Institute
Directorate of Fisheries
Bergen
HUSE, Hans Vestre Managing Director AS Hydraulik Brattvaag Brattvaag
Peru
ROTALDE, Alvaro
Cmdr. Assy. Naval Attache Embassy of Peru 1315, 16th St. N.W. Washington D.C. 20036
WATZINGER, Herman Project Manager
UNDP/SF Fishery Research and Development
Project
Apartado 3734
Philippines
RASALAN, Santos B.
Deputy Commissioner for Fisheries Services,
Information and Regulation Philippine Fisheries Commission Manila
Poland
BOGUCKI, Dr. De Dariusz
Naval Architect
Shipbuilding and Research Centre Gdarisk
Portugal
BALCAO REIS, A. Naval Architect
Centro Bioceanologia e Pescas
Av. Ilha de Madeira - 8° Andar - Restelo
Lisboa3
VALDEZ, Vasco
(Fisheries Biologist) Director Centro Bioceanologia e Pescas
Av. Ilha da Madeira - 8° Andar - Restelo
Lisboa-3
United Kingdom
BENNETT, E.
Head, Industrial Development Unit
White Fish Authority St. Andrew's Dock
Hull, Yorkshire
BUCHANAN, G.I.
Chief Engineer, Merchant Ship Group
Yarrow - Admiralty Research Dept. Scotstoun
Glasgow, W.4, Scotland
CRAIG, R.E.
Principal Scientific Officer Marine Laboratory P.O. Box 101 Torry, Aberdeen Scotland
-27
DOWNHAM, R., B.Eng.Rendel, Palmer and Tritton
Consulting Engineers
125 Victoria Street
London, S.W.1
EDDIE, Gordon C.
Technical Director White Fish Authority 2/3 Cureitor Street
London E.C.4
GOODLET, J.
Senior Sales Engineer
The Plessey Company Ltd.
Electronics Group Uppark Drive
Ilford, EBEI9X
TROUT, G.C.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Marine Laboratory
Lowestoft, Suffolk
United States of America ALLEN, Robert
Vice President - Sales
Marine Construction and Design Co. 2300 W. Commodore Way
Seattle, Washington 98199
ALLFN, R.L.
Vice President
Star Iron and Steel Co.
326 Alexander Avenue Tacoma, Washington 98421
ALVERSON, Dr. D.L.
Director, Expl. Fishing and Geat
Res earch Base
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
BAKKALA, Richard
Fisheries Research Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
BAN SE, Prof. Karl Department of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 BARTLETT, Francis G. Associate Professor University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 BELCHER, Arthur W. District Sales Manager
Twin Disc. Incorporated
200 - 400 Bldg. 108th N.E.
Bellevue, Washington 98004
BELL, F. Heward
Director, International Pacific
Halibut Commission University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98105
BEST, E.A.
Biologist,
International
Pacific Halibut CommissionFisheries Hall No.2
University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 BEVAN, Donald E. Associate Dean College of Fisheries University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105 BURGNER, Robert L.
Director, Fisheries Research Institute
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98105
CHRISTEY, Leroy S.
Program Coordinator
U.S. Department of State AID/WOH/FFS Washington D.C. 20523
CLOUGH, Albert H.
Marine Manager - University of Alaska
Douglas Station
Institute of Marine Science
Box 349
Douglas, Alaska 99824
COOPS, William R.
Administrative Officer, Research Corpn. Bldg. 8 Malle Way
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
CRADDOCK, Donovan R.
Fisheries Research Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
CROWTHER, H.E.
Director, Bureau of Commercial Pisheries U.S. Department of the Interior
Washington, D.C. 20240
DARK, Thomas A.
Fisheries Research Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
DASSOW, John A.
Assistant Laboratory Director Technological Laboratory
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
DI DONATO, Gene
Fisheries Biologist
Washington State Department of Fisheries Rm.115, Gen. Admin. Bldg.
Olympia, Washington 98501
DUNN, J. Richard
Fisheries Research Biologist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
ELLIS, Ian E.
Fisheries Method and Equipment Specialist Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
EVANS, Griffith C. Jr.
Executive Secretary
Oceanographic Commission of Washington c/o Pacific Science Center
200 2nd Avenue North
Seattle, Washington 98109
FARRAR, Lloyd J.
Marine Operations Supervisor
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
P.O. Box 271
La Jolla, California 92037
FERRARA, Angelo A.
Engineer
Coast and Geodetic Survey Rockville, Maryland 20852
FRIBROCK, E.J.
Retired/Snug Harbor Pack. Co. 2401 Rosemont Place West
Seattle, Washington 98199
GEHLKE, Robert A.
Assistant to the President
Northwest Instrument Co. 5245 Shilshole Avenue N.W. Seattle, Washington 98107
GILBERT, De Witt Corresponding Editor
Fishing News International 2852 - 44th Avenue West Seattle, Washington 98199
GLOSTEN, Lawrence R.
Consulting Naval Architect
L.R. Glosten and Associates
71 Columbia Street
Seattle, Washington 98104
GLUDE, John B.
Deputy Regional Director
U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
6116 Arcade Bldg.
Seattle, Washington 98101
GRIMES, Eldon
Chief, Fisheries Development
Marine Construction and Design Co. 2300 W. Commodore Way
Seattle, Washington 98199
HAGEMANN, Edward C. Naval Architect - MSNA
W.C. Nickum and Sons Co. 71 Columbia Street Seattle, Washington 98104 HANSON, H.C. Naval Architect 468 Colman Bldg. Seattle, Washington 98104 HAYDON, John M.
Chairman - Oceanographic Commission
of Washington President
Port of Seattle Commission Box 1209
Seattle, Washington 98111
HEYAMOTO, H.
Explor. Fishing and Gear Research Base Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
HIGH, William L.
Fishery Methods and Equipment Specialist 6531 N.E. 198th
Seattle, Washington 98155
JACOBSEN, Harry J.
Capt. R/V Miller Freeman
13027-7th N.W.
Seattle, Washington 98177
JENKINS, Rae
Sales Representative
Marine Construction and Design Co. 2300 W. Commodore Way
Seattle, Washington 98199
JOHNSON, Donald R.
Regional Director
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
6116 Arcade Bldg.
Seattle, Washington 98101
JONES, B.F.
Director, Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Box 1668
JONES, Dr. G. Ivor Associate Professor University of Washington College of Fisheries Seattle, Washington 98105 JORGENSON, Darrell H.
Sales Representative (Fisheries)
Marine Construction and Design Co. 2300 W. Commodore Way
Seattle, Washington 98199
SURKOVICH, Jerry E.
Fisheries Methods and Equipment Specialist Exploratory Fishing and Gear Research Base Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
KNOWLES, Leonard
Hawaii Institute of Geophysics
University of Hawaii
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
KNUTSEN, Norman R.
Naval Architect
W.C. Nickum and Sons Co. 71 Columbia Street
Seattle, Washington 98104
LAIBLE, Duane H.
Naval Architect
W.C. Nickum and Sons Co. 71 Columbia Street
Seattle, Washington 98104
LARKINS, Herbert A.
Chief, Groundfish Investigations
Bureau of Commercial Fisharies Biological Laboratory
2725 Montlake Blvd.
Seattle, Washington 98102
LEIBY, Jonathan Naval Architect
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, Mass. 02543
30
-LOGAN, John R.
Naval Architect
Marine Construction and Design Cc. 2300 W. Commodore Way
Seattle, Washington 98199
LYMAN, Dr. John
International Associate of Physical Sciences of the Ocean
700 Churchill Drive
Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514
MACINTYRE, David
Naval Architect - Private Practice
534
2nd Avenue North Edmonds, Washington 98020MACLEAR, Frank R.
MacLear and Harris Inc. 11 East 44th Street New York, N.Y. 10017
MATEISEN, Prof. Ole A. College of Fisheries University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105
MCNEELY, Richard L.
Chief, 0c3an Engineering Program
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd. Seattle, Washington 98102 MEESE, Carol Executive Secretary 194 Acton Road Annapolis, Md. 21403 MEESE, George E. Naval Architect 194 Acton Road Annapolis, Md.
21403
MYHRE, Richard J. Senior BiologistInternational Pacific Halibut Comm. Fisheries Hall No.2
University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105
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