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Ctp. IIpejiBCJioRi«... V—YI BBCflenie... 1
Piaña I. — üociMTaiiie h xapanTcpi. V.ieuraiupa.
ü.iaHH HMuepaTpnuH EitaTepHHH.- IíociniTare.ni Ajeiícaipupa: JTarapirt, M. H. MypaRf.eHT,, rp. CaxTHKOBB — BnenanrísHia npH^BopHoft jkiishh. — Ajasn, HapTopHÜCKifi. — IlpH^nopHaa jkhshb iipn Hurneparopi HaB.if,.— ÍIpoTiiBopíaia bi. xapaitTept, A.ieKcan;i,pa... 13
PiaBa II. — HepBbiB roflbi papcTBOBaniii. Il.iaiibi npeoftpaaoBaiiüí. XapaiíTep'i, npaB.renia IíaB.ia. — HacTpoeHie oómecTBa upa Bonapenin Aireitcampa.—JlH6epajiiT3MT. nepBHXB MÍcapeBi. ero npaBaenia.—Bjurataft- inie Jipvsur n cotpphhkh HMiiepaTopa: ITobocmlhobb, CrporaHOBB, Koqy- 6en, HapTopHiícKÍH.—TorjiaaiHia h HOBífiima ofiBiinenia npoTiiBB hx-i, ih- 6epa.«i3Ma. „CTaptie cJiysKHBiu>(“.—IPraHM npeoópasoBamii: mhcjih o npefl- CTaBiiTe.u.CTB’fe; npeofípasoBaHie cenara; nepBiie npHCTyiiH kb KpecTBHHCKOMy Bonpocy; ynpeamenie MHHJicrepcTBB; napoAHoe npocBÍmeHie. — IIojoateHie AaencaiiApa bi> Kpyry ero cOTpyAHHKOBB.—Pe3yjn>TaTH ero nepBHxi, Mf>pri,.— HeptniHTe.iMiocTr, ero jinf¡epa.iMioñ BiiyTpeHHen bojih th k h... 50
TjiaBa III. — CnepaiicKiH.
yjaaeHie nepBiixr, cobíthhkobb AxeKcaHflpa. — BHt.iiraaa iioaimiKa; Tbxbbhtb h 9 p(tiypn..—‘I’panuyac.Koe B.iiaHÍe.—XaparcrepB CnepaHCKaro.— Ero naaHH: yapeameaie rocyjíapcrBenHaro cop/ln'a; jipeo6pa30Bame mhbb- CTepcTBB.—Ilpoeitri. v.íiomejiia, cocTaBjieHHHÜ CnepaBckbmb; ero coflepaca- nie h xapaKTepi»... 120
rjiaaa IV. — Kapax.tHn i. .¡anilina o ipi Biu íi h iioboíí Foccíh.
CnopHHa Mirfiniii o Biianenin KapaM3HHa. — PaaBirrie ero .inrepaTyp-
hhxb h oómecTBeHnHxt iiOHaTiií.—Ero nyóxHUHCTHKa bi. nepBBie rojtw napcTBOBania AjieiceaiiApa. — CoAepjKanie «3anHCKB o ApeBHen h hoboh
Poccíh».—Eh üiianeHie iicTopaMCciíoe h HpaBcrBenHO-oóiuecTBeHHoe . . . 183
TjiaBa V. — Hepexnjtiioe upeM». Bo:iOyat*eiiie yinoBB nocali 1812 ro,na.
HacTpoeHie siaccH oCmecrBa n orpaateHie ero bb MTepaTyp'fe.—Hauio- HaiBHBie h odinecTBeHiiHe B reara OoiBimiHCTBa.—llana,reHia Ha rajiosia-
hík).—XapaKTepncTHKa pyccKaro o6m,ecrBa y r-aín Cra.ii.. •,T,Bf>iia;i;uaTi>in roflB.—JlaTpioTHnecKoe B036ym,yenie.—IUreiuiB.—B.iiíinie coótiriñ 1813— 1815 roAOBB.—HoBwa cbh3h cb .indeparnaMOM'i, n HOBoe oa.ioPrenie koh- cepBaraBHofi riapTÍH npoTHBB u o .i i»11 o a y n c r b a ... 261
TjiaBa VI. — IlepexoflHoe upeiwa. BimftiioBJiciiie Matoiiciiim, JioHn, h bxi. iiaiipbrrie JlaiiKacTepcKia bikojim h
up-Cbhsh MaeoHCTBa A.;ieiicaii,ipoBCK,aro üpCMcmi co ciapHMH jioJEáMii.— Bo3CTaHOBJieHie jiojkb.—.UnpeKTopiaaBHaa -!ioa:a «BjiaflHMipa».—Hobbiä ch- CT6MH: IIIpë;i,cpi,, íecciiepB.—Bein Raa Jioaui « A c i p e a » E a pacnpocTpaHe- Hie. XapaKTepa, HOBaro siacoHCTBa: nocrijiOBaTera Hobhkobckoäilkoih; MacoHH HOBaro noKO-ntaia; cbhsh cb iiiôepa.ïH3M0MB.— BBeseme n pacupo- cTpaHCHio jaHKacTepcKHXB iiiko.ij.. — jl.'fejio B. 0 . PaeBCKaro. — YnaflOitB iiiKOJi'ii... .... ... 296
fjiaBa VII. — /(BHüteiiic jmobt» hocjiIi 1815 rofla u er» norat.ncTBia. TpyjiHOCTB irpeÄMera.—Hoßoe airóepajiBHoe jBHæeme; ero hctohhhkh.— Baumie coóhtíh; HacrpoeHie iipaBH'rejiBCTBa: npoeKTB HoBocMbiiOBa. — Hanaao rafiHaro oómecTBa.—HiMeiiEifl TyreHji,6yH,nB.—YcxaBB Coio3a Baa- rojieHCTBia. — IlpiroiHH paciipocrpaHema Coio3a. — XapaurepB ero ofime- CTBeiiHO-iio.iHTíi'tecKHX'b crpeMaemö.—IIo.iomeHie jiiTeparypw; jmreparyp- Huc Kpvau;n: BecLaa, ApaaMacj,: cToiitHOBeHie Ap3aMaca ci, aaeiniMii CoK>3a; jirreparypHWÄ jiiriaiiji nocjrfmHHXB. — Yaeímoe aaBenonie p a ko- .lOHHOBOHiaTHX]., H. H. MypaBi.cBa; U,apcKOceiBCKÍíi jumen.—IlymKHHB. . 344
PiaBa VIH. — llorjiMiiie ro«bi papeTBOBania.
BaKpHi ie uepBaro Coiosa Biaro^eHCTBia u ero BoaoÖHOBJieHie (1821).— Hobhh, 6o.ri;e panHKajiBHHH xapaKrepB a« na;, e u i í (.—Up na « i ju aioro.—Eßpo- iieftcKaa peaKHja h cíi isanmic Ha pyccKoe irpaBiiTC.H.cTBO.—Uo.imHaecKÍa MHÍ5HÍB Taimaro oómecTBa. — KoHCTiiTyuioHHbie npoeKTH Hhk. MypaBi.cBa
ii Ilecrejia.—Hobuh yciaBi. CoKi.aa BaaroneHCTBia: o6m,ecTBa eÈBepHoe b
loamoe.—Mirfaiifi o TafmoMB o6m,ecTBÍ imirepaiopa Aaeitcau.ipa.—Onionie- i[jfi CoK»3a eb oóm,ecTBy. — PacnpocTpaHeme jni6epa.ibHHXB mhIhiííí bb
oómecTBi, — .'JHTcparypa. — PoMaiiTHBMB. — JKyEOBCEiił, IlyiHKHHB,
I'pn6o-èjobb, PEuLeiiB, KH. A. H. OßoeBcidB. — OóBMHeaiii iipoTHBB „neKaöpn-
ctobb“.— Ottííhkh bb hxb Mirlan a XV. H^eajiHCTH h cKenriiKH. — IIcTopnue- CKoe siiaaeiiie hxb ooinecTBeniiuxF. cTpeMaeiiifi.— Bavai« e r e iiie ...427
IlpaJioasenia:
I —Kb r.iaBl’, III.—IIhcbmo CnepaHCKaro kb HuuepaTopy AaeEcaHspy BB BHBapi 1813 r. h3b IlepMH... 479
II. — Kb raaBÉ T IL —.iHTeparypa o nBajmaTHXB ronaxB . . . 491
III. —Kb ria n t VII.—OÖ3opB iipoeKia IIoBocn.iMiOBa...496 IV. —Kb m ant VIL—„BaKOHOHOJKrneme Co»3a BjarofleHCTBia“ . . . 503
V .—Kb r.iaB’I; VIL— BiorpaifiBiecKiii CBininia o H. H. TyprciicBt . 533
CTBeHiiaro pa3Bnxia pliAico yK.ia,ąuBaeTca bb Taicie hhcto BHfcumie iiepio;i,iJ. icaici, nepioALi papcTBOBaiiia; no ornocuTe.ibiio BpeiieHii
hmii. A.ieKca.ii,ipa I noAodHoe onpe^kieHie ncTopimecKaro nepioAa He di.no oli npoiiBBO.iBHO ii He c.iyacH.io 6li To.ibico A-i« Biriiiiinaro
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oitasaaocb n a AjeKcaii^p'ïi. IIo MarnoMy .iii'inoiiy xapaitxepy, no H^eaMT., npiiBMTi.iMT. BOcnirranieMT., oht, cn aaaaa ^aate n yraaca toto
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nepio^H CBOeH atii3HH,— itaKT. cayaaaocB co mhofhmh npanmeaaMH,
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xo^h.th eft .npyroro 0ÖT.acHeHia, itpoMÍ, öesciuiia xapanxepa h.ih ,a,By- .ihhhocth; 9THMT) noc.i'Ii,T,HHMT, ocoöeifflo aacTO yitopa.iH AaencaH^pa, xoTa (!ri,Ba ,ih öblio 6h copare,i,jihbo oöbacHaTB ero Koaeöania h
anpeMipieMT. XapaKTepT AaeKcaH,a,pa pÍHCTBHTeabHO OTjraaaaca bt doa binon MÍpí ßBoftCTBeimocTbio, HepimirreabHOCTbio, HeyBÍpeH- HOCTbio, hoanauiiTCHLiniH ßoaa hxt poaatna öliti, nptinHcaiia ht ím t Tpy/piMM'L noaojKeiiiaMT, Kaicia CTamt.ia eMy caMaa skh3ht. Ocurra
n:n> caMbixT vmiii.ixt h caMUXT CTporiix'i) ero iiCTopiiKOBT, iepBii- iiycT, npusiiaeTT, htoTpy.pioc™ othxtiro.ioateiriH dbiBaan TaKOBbi, mto ycninrao npeoAoaiiT hxt di.iao 6u He no/ip, cn.iy h aeaoBÍKy ct ropa3ji,o öo.ibniiiMa. aauacoM’b jipaBCTBCHiioH OHepriii. OoBHiienie in. BHCTOMT .IHpeM’iipili TpypiIO OÓpHTHTb npOTHBT TC.IOBÍKa, KOTOpHH ciiM'F. cTpa^aat ott. npe,a,noaaraeMOH HMri> de.iTiicxopiiocTH npoTHBO- piaifi, reaien, oto öij.io iiecoMirÍHiio ct AaeKcaii/ipoMT. OapyateiiHbiH Tpy^HUMH odCTOaTC.il,CTIiaMH, BŁIBLIBaeMBIH p’ÏJHiaTB pOKOBLie BonpocM, AaeKcaHÄpa. aacio dum, He bt> cn.iaxT piuiHTb bt ca.viOMT cedí dopbdy Bpaa;vi,ediiiJX'i, npimpiinoBT h Biia,a,aHT in, oihiiokh, KOToptia noTOMt MyaHTeaLHO ero npecaißOBaaH: ott, Toro, in. ero BiiyTpeH- HCH HCTopin di.i.in MOMcirra HCTHHH0 TparnaecKie. 0,i,yiiicB.ieifni.iH bt iiaaaai HaiiaymiiiMii iiaMÍpemHMH, oin, He b i coctohhíh o m it C0B.ia:ri'.Ti, ca. odcTOHTeabCTBaMH, Koropua yB.icKa.iu ero Ha irayio popory; oht ne OTKaoHBaaca ott, cbohxt naaHOBT, ho hh bt, ca- M0MT cedí, HH BT, JKH3HH ne liaXOrI,II.IT CpC^CTBT, ,T,.IH IIXT. coBep- raeHia h no^aBaaca aadayatpeHiHMT, KOToptia iipiiüo;i,iinu ero kt,
caMOMy neaaaBHOMy ynoTpedaeHiio CBoeft Baacra, kt, no,i„p'pa;i,i,
T Íííctbíh, ca.vii.ixT Bpavitpediii.ixT odipeMy daary. 0;i,Hai;o oht He ycnoKOHBaaca na otoh peaKiyioiinoir iiohhthkí, h ero BHyTpeHHia TpeBorii noKa3MBaK>TT bt iicmt He deocepycaiiaro atipeMÍpa nan th-
paHa, KaKHMT ero iicjií.tko H3odpaata.ni, a aeaoBÍita 3ad.iya;,i,aB- rnaroca, ho cnocodHaro maniiaTi, kt cedí coayBCTBie, hotomv vito bo BcaitOMT cayaaí oto di,i.iT aeaoBÍKT ct hjiíibctbchiii.imn n^ea- aaMH, BOTOfiLie duan Bbime odíiKHOBeHHOñ pyTHira bt ero cijiepí,
H npHCyTCTBÍe KOTOpHXT OHT He pa3T ,3,OKa3HBaaT CBOHMH aíh- CTBÍaMH.
TaKHMT odpa30MT, .iii'iiioctb HMnepaTopa AaeKcaąupa ocodeHHO tícho CBä3BiBaeTca ct HCTopieñ ero BpeMeHH. Mojkho paute cna-
3aTT, 'no oht dw.it 0,1,1111X11. H3T iiaiido.iíe xapaKTepucTiiaecKHXT
npe^CTaBHTeaeft OToro BpeMeHH. Oh t casiT a nano ;i,í.:ih.it paoniiH-
Híia HacTpoeHia OToro BpeMeHH, h to dpoateme odipecTBeHHHXT
npeft, KOTopoe HaaHHaao Torpa npoHimaTb bt pyccnyio vbhbht, naKT ó y pro oTpaataaocb bt iicmt chmomt TaKHMT ate HepíraHTeabHtiMT dpoiKenieMT, He noKHpaBiHHMT ero, KaatcTca, po tioc.i í;i,iihx,i, yiteii.
Thkt, cnepBa oht MeaTa.iT o caMHXT iimpoKiixT npeodpasoBaniaxT,
o KaKHXT ToabKO pyMaan caMbie CMÍaue yMH Torpaumaro pyccnaro odipecTBa; oht dbi.iT andepaaoMT, npiiBepatenpeMT KO HCTH TypioH
hbixb yapesEflenia, cam. acitajiB „onno3iia,iii“ ; bb ppyroe apena, CMyipaacB nepe^î. A’feHCTBH're.ibiii.iMii ïp/^hoctsmh u BOOÖpaaiaeMHMH onacHOCTflMH, on b cTauoBH.icii KOHcepBRTopoMB, peanpioHepoMB, nio- TIICTOMB. IL'f’.TB Iia,I,Of)HOCT!i, HaKOHepB, MHOrO rOBOpHTB 0 TOMB orpoMiiom. SHaaenia, itOTopoe inrkri, oiib itaKB rociroycrayioipaii, peHTpaaBHaa aaaHOCTB Be.iiiKiixB codama, coBepmaBmHxca bb Eb- poirf; u bb Pocciii h npoasBOflaBniaxB miTpiicaioipec pMcxBie Ha yMu; BHyi’pii canoa pyccitofi vkhbhm, bb BcmpacTamH 11 dopadi; o6- ipecTBemiBixB noHaria, ero .inauociB oiihib HBjaeTca noryipecTBeH-
Hoft C1I.IOH, KOTopaa CBOeil nowepatKoa parana nepeBÈCB tooaiihmb,
to ppyraMB nanpaBJieiiiaMB, a noeroaimo BMÍmaBajiacB bb iixb
BsaHMHtia OTHOHieiiia.
TaKOBBi paa-ïiiaiiLia oder« are.! i,crea, no KOTopunB .iwüioctb
iimnepaTopa A.ieKcaHppa noayaaeTB CBoe xapaKTepacTaaecKoe 3Ha-
aenie, a r.pcMíi ero papcTnoBania CTaHOBirrca ne oahhmb tojibko
xpoHoaoraaecKHMB nepiopoMB bb acTopia odnipcTBeHHBixB nonaTia
a oópaaoBarna pyccitaro odipecTBa.
^ p y r a a a e p ra , no noTopoa papcTBOisanie AaeKcaHppa Moasei’B cocTaBHTB OT,’ri>jii.iiLiii nepiopB bb OToii ncTopin, saK.noaaei'ca bb ca-
MOMB copepa;anin nonaTia, iipounEaBmiixB TenepB bb y a u . PesyaB-
T ara np enm aro p asc aría n do.riie T'tciioe, aiiMB Korpa-nndypF. npenipe. conpaitocHOBeHie cb atirsiibio eBponeacitoio, ea noaimiaecKtiMii hh- TepecaMB, nponsBean ocodemioe öpoaieuie odipecTBenHHXB ap ea KaKB
bb npaBHTeaBCTB'i, thkb n bb cpepis canoro odipecTBa, a B caip-
CTßie pa3aaani,ixB yoroBia, coepam ianiaxca bb to npena, oto dpo-
acenie npim aao nanpaB aenie noaaiaaecK oe, KOTopoe po tLxb nopB
ocTaBaaocB o d m iem y iiobtb cobcèmb ayiKpo a uea3B’fecTno.
^'McTBHTeaBHO, OTOTB HanaHBB oöipecTBenHO - noaHTaiecEHXB apea bb papcTBOBame A.ieKcanppa npe;i,CTaBaaaB ti I.mtocoBepinenno noBOe. Bb otomb nerpypno ydi>piiTBca, oraanyBiiiacB aa npepBapyrnjio cypi.dy pyccnaro odipecTBa. Ona dania neMHorocaoaaia. HoBaa Poccia, ocHOBaBinaaca npa Herpil, wio.ini; Bocnpimaaa totb xapaKTepB BHyi’pennaro ycTpoacTBa, KaKoa odpaaoBaaca bb nepiopB mockob-
citaro papcTBa. Ôtotb xapaKTepB rrnrLcTeiiB: napia noïepaaa cboh noa imnecKi a npana aaa OTKasaaacB otb hhxb bb noaB3y Heorpa- HiiijeniiOH BepxoBHoa BaacTii, KOTopaa KasaaacB HaaayaniHMB cpep- CTBOMB odBepiiHenia a pan napopuori naccai dbiaa bmíjcté saipnroa otb doapcKoa oaarapxia. CïapanHBie „codopj.i“ eipe bb mockobckoh Poccia noTepH.ni pkacTBirreaBHyio cii.iy, aponi; pa:¡r¡i; HiiKOToparo C0BÍ,inaTe.i[>naL’o anaaenia aaa arpa.ru po.ii, ({iHKTHBHaro npeperaBa- Tc.iBCTBa, nyamaro anorpa no pamroMaTaaecKHMB pascaeTam caiioa B.uiCTii, ii aadBLiiici. OHenr. cKopo, liorna B.iacTB nanua nenyHiHbiMB
TOBaa, iiacaipOBannaa. Bx. BoaueHiaxx,, HanoaHHBHmxx. ero pap- CTBOBanie, piao dijo hijcko.ibko He o noaimixecKiixT. CBOHCTBaxx,
3toh naacTii: npii'nnn.i BoaHemñ duaii—BaaexoaiodHBbie iraaiij.i pa- peBHH Co<J)bH, peaHl’iOBHLlH KOHCepBaXH3MX. CTapOB'hpCTBa H CtITOBOM KOHcepnaTH;un> npHBepateiipeBX, exaparo BÍita. Bx. piaxeaLHOCXH Ilexpa ero npoxHBHHitaMX. dría a HeBtraocHMa peBomopioHHaa aoMita 3xoi,'O exaparo di.ixa. bx. Koxopoñ ohh doaancb napenia caMoii Hapin, bx. cuay exaparo napeaeiiia: „itoxopoe papexBO jiaaHexx. nepecxaB- aHBaxif oóu'ian cboh, h xo papexBO Hepoaro cxouxx,“. Ilpimepateii- pa.MX. cxapHHH dnurb HeHaBHexeHx. bx. Ilexpi papi, ne pOBoai.no OaaroxecxHBHH, nnorpa cobcímx, aerKOMi.icaeHHi.ifi bx. piaaxx. BÍspbi, papb, yHH/KaBiuÍH cboo BHaanxificKoe pocxohhcxbo BeaKOÍí rpydoñ padoxoñ, ppyjKdoft h ryatdoñ ex. HH03eMpaMH h x. p.; ohh He hmíhh HHxero npoxHisx. caMÓft 3aacxH, no hmx. xox'fnoci. npeatHaro papa bx. BHsaHxiftcKO - aaiaxcKOMX. cxhhí;
XVI—XVII
Bina. Bxoxx, cxnar. iicxeax. de3B03BpaxH0; no bx. rayxoñ BpatKpi kx. hobhmx. odtiaaaMX. hh npn Ilexpi, hh noeni, He di,rao h x íh h noauxHaecKaro oaeMenxa,a xoabito xoxxj-ate dbixoBoñ h peanrio3in.in KOHcepBaxiiBMX., no3pnie ycaoa?HHBiuÍHca hobhmh paaBuxiaMH pacKoaa. Bca Macea ocxaBaaaci. no-npeatHeMy dearnacnoñ h desnpaBHOH, bx. anexo naccnBiiOMX. no- Hoatemn, itoxopoe npopoaatanocb bx. xeaenie Beero
XVIII
Bina h neperaao bx.XIX.
EpHHCXBenuLia pnnateimi, KOxopi.iMH OHa saaBaaaa cbok) onno3Hpiio pasiiHMx. xanteaMMX. paa nea nopapKaMx., dbian Kpecxi.ancKia B03CxaHÍa, oxeni. aacxo ex. KaKiiMX.-n ndypF, eaM03Ban- cxbomx., ripepcxaBaaBHiHMx. paa Macen epHHCXBeimHñ pocxynHtiH paa Hea aBxopHxexx.; axoxx. aBxopuxexx. HM'iax, paa nea apesBHaaHHyio ydipHxeatHoexb, itain, epHHCXBeHuaa noaHXHaecicaa upea, nopx. ko-xopoñ Hapopx. napanna coeppmaab bcí. cboii daaria oatupania. Ho ecan hhkíikobo pBH/KeTiia ne upepcxaBaaaa aapopHaa Macea, xo, co BpeMenx. Ilexpa, naxaao conpaBaxbca nopx, eBponeñcKHMH bhíhhíhmh HOBoe oóipecxBO, Ttoxopoe hoch.to bx. cedí; aapopbiiiiH dypyiparo; paaBHxie odipecxBeHHOH caMopiaxeabiiocxn h caMoexoaxeabHoexH B03- movkho di.iao xoaiato bx, hcmx.. OdipecxBeHiiaa Mbicab npodyatpaaaeb oxean MepaeHHO; y Ilexpa Hamaoci. xoabito hcmhoi’O noMOipHHKOBx,, Koxopne HCKpeHiio noiiHMaan piao peijiopau h impiaii bx, neMX, aaaorx, odipeexBeiiHaro daara, h hoboc odipeexBO, npepexaBHxeaaMH Koxoparo duaii aiopH Kaitx, Geot^aux. ñau KanxeMHpx., dbiao BecbMa HeMHoroaHcaeHHO. Bx. Mpaxm.ni nepiopx, oxx. CMepxn Ilexpa po Kita- xepiiHw
II,
bx. 3xh „caxypnaaiH peenoxHBMa“ , no Bíipaatemio Ka- paM3HHa, odui,ecxBO HapaiiHi ex. HapopoMx. oexaBaaoei. naeenBHbiMx. apuxeaeMx. npnpBopHbixx. nepeBopoxoBx., xoxa yate aBaaioxeaCH.ib-Htie iio.[HTiiiiecKÍe yira, itaita Bojilihckíh, joo^h ca odiimpimin. 3HaHÍeMÍ. BHyTpeHHHXü OTH0IUGHÍH POCCÍH, KaKa Tai'HIU.eB'b, H Ha- KOHepa BoaHHKaen» nlrKOTopoe dpoateme nojiHTHHecKHxa iiohhtíh irr, caMOMT. oómecTBÍ: Ba toh oihiobhuíh, KOTopaa npa BopapemH Ahhh BHCKaaaaach co ctopohh pyccKaro „iiuaxeTCTBa“ npoTHBa Banuc-ioBT. o:inrapxÍH h :¡aKoiian.iacf» iiojihhm'l B03CTaii0BJieHÍeMa caMOflepataBia, ira otoh onnosapin 6u.m o,guaico a mlicjih oda orpaHHHeHÍH MOHapxaaecKaro npaiLienia. O^ho Bpeiia Kaaaaoci., Tro oii'I; MoryT't 3,aaíe ocyiu.ecTBHTi.ca. Ho ¡¡ariiMT, npo;i,oaata.ica onaTi. Tora-ate nopa;i,OKT> Beipeñ; odipecTBO h Traposa OTJHqajtHCL rínia-ate IiaCCHBHLIMT. IIOyMIÜK'HieMT., KOTOpOe, CpaBIIHTe.II.no CrL XYII B'IlKOMTi, úi.ití. MoateTT., pariré ycif.iHaocí.. 9to BpeMH no npeHMyipecTBy daño BpeMeHeMT. Taftiion Kamj,eaapÍH, „caoBa h ,T/I;.Tau. 9'ra no.iHTH'iecKaa HHKBHBHipa nac.TÍr;i,OBaiia di.ua eme otb XVII Bina; neTpoBcitiH npeodpaateHCKÍH npHita3a duna neHaabHHMa opyflieMa, KOTopoe 11cipa CMiiTa.n. hcoóxo^hmi.imt. ,i,-m yTBepat^eHia CBoero H’íura. Bno- caiflCTBÍH, irra npicmiia cyipecTBOBama TañHoft KaHn,e.;iapin, desa coMH'tHia, 3TiaanTe.ii.no oc-iafiiuia, nOTOiiy hto /cía npoAoaatema caMoft pcjiopM u n errara di.r.io dai npesBimííTb HHicaKOH onacHOcra; tíím'í, He MeHÍre, Ta&Haa KaHpeaapia fllmcTBOBajia, Montera daría, cipe ca óo.TLineÍT peBHOCTLH). Ka CTapofi TpaAHU,ÍH npHdaBH.THCL Tenepa HOBua noóyaraenia: cri. oynoír cTopoira dama nepeHaTa pyTHHa HÍrMepKaro Kann,e.rapcKaro yecrroTUBMa, ca rap y i oíi— 6e3npecTamrae nepeisojtoTi.i aacTaB.Ta.TH i;eio;iy bh^ístb oiiacnocTT., no;i,03pI;Ba,n> 3ar0B0pa, Ba Tiavayoiia HeBiiro^HOMa otbbtbí. o ^.McTBiaxa npaBHTeaacTBa Haxo- ^htb rncyrT,apcTBeiiHoe npecTynaeme. OdipecTBO craao OKOHHaTeabHO oear.'iacHo. Ho, laun. hh yóiiBaao Bce oto HHTepecai odipecrBa Ka ero codcTBeHHMMa yf,.Tana, oto Bpeiia He nponaflaao o^híiko ;i,a_ poMa yan odipecTBeHHaro coonaHia. ÍIpeeiiHintH IleTpa Mario ;i,yMa.TH o socTOHHOiia Tipo-i,o.TVKeiiÍH pe^opira h, flo EKaTepiiHH II, ,T,aa;e He 6um Ka OTOiiy cnocodHai, ho Tirita He MeHIre petjropiia Boni.ia yate Ba atH3Hb Tana r.iydoKo, hto ji,a.ate oth TaatKia BpeMeHa He ocTaHOBii.iH ea pa:rBirria. lÍMa Ilerpa coxpaHaao cboh aBTopin'eTa: S'IraTeabHOCTb JIoMOHOcoBa h aKa^eiiin iiayita, ocHOBanie mockob- caaro yHHBepcHTeTa, nepBbie oiit.ittj hoboh .fflTepa'rypai CBH^IiTe.ib- CTBOBa.iH, hto noTpedHOCTb odpaooBaHia npo^oaata.iia yliíííTBOBaTa h Ba npaBHTe.ibCTBrIr h npQdystflaJiacb Ba o6ui,ecTB4, hto niKo.Ti.H0e yaeHbe noKHflaao ycTapiayio cxojacTHaecKyio ko-tcht h noBi.ia no- Hai’ia yate rpedoBaan cedí; tobo ocodeHHaro dprana, itOTOpiati npefl- CTaB.raeia codoio .nrrepa'rypa Ba eBponeíiCKOH ({lopirlr h Ba eiipoiieÍT- CKOMa CMbicalr. Bce oto óm.th, BnpoaeMa, to.ti.ko saaaTKH, Kor^a HacTynHao papciBOBaHie EKai’epHHH. 9to papcTBOBaHie,
oraimaB-meeca T;ucn.\n» ¿iiyMOMt h d.ieCKOMi., olioo Biio.nrf; BHpaacemeMT. Toro „ npocB'ími,eHHaro flecnorasMa “ , Koropuñ h bt, oanafliroii Kopoirl; hmíut» Torfla npeflCTaBHTe.ieíi bt. Jiapí mhobhxt. upocB'h- nj.eHHLix'B rocyflapeñ n mhiiiictjiobt., h kotophmt., Hesafloaro nepeflT. (j>paHU,y3CK0H peBO.Tionieíí, caMa Monapxia CBHflliTeabCTBOBaaa o He- odxoflHMOCTii iipeoópaBOBaiiiít, Kaaiixi. TpedoBaao BpeMa, noToiiy mto oht. ÓLi.n, bt. cyipHOCTH iioiiHTKoft npHMHpeiiia crapoíí cpeflHeBÉ- KOBOft MOHapxill CT. np0C,BÍ,THTtí.IbHUMII HfleHMH B'ílKa. JI/IlMTC.IblIOCTb ExtaTeptiHH bt. 9TOMT. cmmc.tÍi Tarace Bi.nio.nia.ia raydoKyio HCTopit- Tccityio noTpeoHOCTr, pyccKaro rocyflapci’Ba h odipecTBa; co Bpe- MeHT. IleTpa oto di.rao homth nepBoe flíaTeabHoe cxpeMaeme B.iacTii kt. pacnpocTpaHeHiio eBponeficKaro irpocBrííni,eHÍa: npiiCBOHBT. cedi¡ HCiunoaHTejiLHyK) HHHpiaTHBy ycrBOHCTBa odipecTBeHHHXT. HHTepecoBT., BjracTi, tíimt. caMHMT., KoneaHO, dpaaa Ha ceda ffkiaTB flaa 9Toro Bce neoóxo^HMoe, h fl/fiaTeabiiocTb EKai'epHHLi BcnoMmta.ia naico- Hen,T. odr. 9toh BapaTÍi. Ct. IleTpa Beanicaro cyflbda pyccicaro odipe- CTBeHHaro oópa::oi¡ania homth npeflOCTaBaeHa du.ia cayaaio, h Boacra npeflcroaao Cfl'Lnm, bt. otomt. OTnomeiiiH eipe canniKOMT. MHoroe. HapcTBOBanie ErcaTepimu dbiao ocnnaHO iiaHerupiiKaMii coBpeMeH- HHKOBT. H, flrí>HCTBHTeHbIIO, BMl'OflHO OT.OIMa.IOCb OTT. IipeflT.HflyipHXT., KaKT. h ott. iioc;irf¡/i,y[om,aro papcTBOBania, xox'a flaaeKO He iicnoa- HHHO Toro, MTO MOMO dl.I HCIIO.IHHTb, He OT.IHMa.IOCb HOC.TÍlflOBa- TeatHOCTbio h, HecMOTpa Ha Beca b h íh ih íh daecxi. h aHTepaTypHO- ([)H.ioeo(¡)CKÍe BKycH, He momo rroxBa.Tim.ca desKopHCTHoS sadoTofi o npocBÍan,eHÍH. EicaTepima BHaaaaí} caMHMT. pcbhocthhmt. odpa-
:¡omt. npnHHMaaa h xoríiaa npiiMfoiaTt kt. fl'bay npoe.B'IiTHTe.H.Hua iiflen (|)pami,y3CKOii ({waoco<f>ÍH, xorfina flaace nopyMHTB fl’AaaMdepy BOcnHTaHie HacaíiflHiiKa npecroaa h, caiflOBaTeabHO, oóeoneMim, Baiame (()paHH,y3CKHXT> iiflefi h na dyflyipee BpeMa. BnocaiiflCTBÍH Bocnirra- TeaeMT. AaeKcaHflpa OHa BHÓpaaa MeaoBÍaca theext. ace noHaTift, (¡)Moco(})a h pecnyonaKanpa Jlarapna; MoHTecKbé, Madan h Bck-
Kapia flocTaBH.ni raaBHoe cofleparame ea „ Marcara", h ea TorflamHee (|)ii.ioco({)CKoe CBodofloaiodie BHynraao eíi flaace HeodHKHOBeHHoe flaa cíiMÍiii TOCflaiiiHen EBponn yápenseme 3HaMeHHT0H Kommhccíhoco-
MHHeHHi HOBaro yaoacema; flpyacecKaa nepenncEa ct. 3HaMeniiT0- CTaMii (|»paHH,y3CK0H JiHTepaTypu n ipeflpoe iioKpoBHTe.rr.CTBO hmt,
flOCTaBHJH eñ eipe OflHO .iiiriinee cpeflCTBO npocjiaBHTbca noKpoBH- Te.n.CTBOM'i. HayKaMT., (J)Haocor{)iii h CBOooflí miiIihíh. He.11.3a OTBep- raTb, mto oto HacTpoeHie HMnepaTpnpH 0T03Ba.i0Cb h bt. pyccKoñ odm,ecTBeHHofi aciiSHii d.raroiipiaTHHMH 110c.rtiflCTB.iaMH; bt. ynpaB.reHÍH MyBCTBOBa.rocb do.ibine MarKOcra, mímt. Korfla-Hiidyflb di.1.10 BHflaHO bt. nocaíflHia napcTBOBarria; KoMMHecia, xoth h KOHMMacb
He-yrwnio. yKa3HBa.ua o/piauo, tto ,pa odipeeiBa moi'vtt. óbito cepr.e:!-
íine HHTepecH bt, odcyat^enin odmecTBeHHBixx npe,pieTOBT>; oyno- BpeMeHHO ex ea OTKpimeMT., nrr> .inTepaTypí; pa3diipa.ica Bonpocx o Kp'ImocTHOM'b cocToaiiin, na ibíbííctiivio xesiy 13o.iBHO-3KOHOMHTe-
CKaro Odin,ecTBa; Hacrpoenie HMnepaTpiiu,Bi h :;aaB.Tae.\n,ie eio Baraa/pa
ncwMcTBOBajH Ha JMTepaTypy, KOTopaa cium onaitOMinT, pyccKyio nyd.iinty ex eBponeñcKHMH ipieaMii h naqa.ia cboh KpHTHTecKie
ohhth h nada apierna na,ix pyccKon vkhühljo. . Iio,in doníie odpa.io-
BaiiHtie yate bx to BpeMa moimh .hobojibho xopomo no3HaKOMHTBca
CrB HOBBIMÍI ({)I1.I0C0<[)CKI1MII BBB.iaqaMH, H XOTH TOiqamHMXT, „BOJI- Tepianii.eB'B1' bhhhtx oóbikhob('7iiio bt, doaBinoMX aentOMBicJiin h He- npOMHOCTH HXX CKeHTHU,H3Ma, HO He BCÍl OHH OBI.TII J 0 ! K OM 1,1 C.T 011II1,1.
h hxx CKeirrapiiBM'B lie pasx yKa::i,iBa.irB na ^,'McTBnrejBHBie 110,10- CTaTKH oóinecTBeHHoií atH3HH h ea npe,a,aiiift. J ir. to ate BpeMa pa:¡- BiiBa.iiicB ii H^eajHCTHaecKia CTpeMaeiiia, ticxoaubtiiísi hbx qp,yxx r.iaBHBix'B hctothhicobx: toh ate i}>paHn,y3CK0ñ (¡)ii.ioco(f)ÍH, KOTopaa roiíopiua o coBepiueiiCTBOnaniii odmecTBa, o ó.iarf, 'leaoiríiMecTiia, o iipaBax'i. aejioBÍKa h t. a., n ii.tb ({ipaHKMacoHCTBa. Ilp a i^ a , oto
HOBoe oómecTBeiinoe ^BHateme, iiaminaBiiieeca bx pyccitoft atiiBini, njieMCTaiuaeTca eiu,e cahiiikomx orpaiiHTeHHBiMX, aa.io pea.TBHBiMT., riaa;e pedaaecKiiM’B, no, npmiaBX bx cooopaatenie BpeMa h iipaina, rocno^CTBOBaBiiiie bt. do.ii,iniincTBÍ;. mbi ybii,i,iimx. tto oiio 6bi.tobcc- Taaii oo.'ibiuhmt. ycníixOMX. Bníniiniií áiecKT. napcTB0B3HÍa, do.iíie aacTBia CHoraeHia ex eBponeñcKHMx míjiomt,. pacnpoci'paHeHie
eBpo-IICHCKIIX'J. OÓBiyaCB'B H jIHTepaTypBI CH.TBHO CIIOCOfíCTBOBa.TH H.'iM'ÍUie- iiiio noHaTitt, ii bt. oóin,ecTB'í; cocTaBH.ica HaKOiien,x qoBoai.no odmnp-
hbiíí Cjtoh aiojiei, iiacTO.TBito odpaooiianiiBixx, tto iiOBBia iiaeii moimh
iiaxo,n,HTB cedí; ¿lOCTaTOTHO npnroTOB.ieHHyio iiotby. MnocTpaiiHBiMT. nad.iioqaTeaaM'B ’) Kasa.iocB, tto pyccitie no odpaaoBaHiiocTii 11 upaiiaMX itain, dy/pro coeraBaaiOTT ru¡í; paaiiiTHBiH Hapiii. Iíonpasy- MÍaiaerca, tto o,i na h.tt. iihxt. xpamiaa CTapBie oduTait n CTapyio iieiio;iBH2tHOCTB; ¿pyraa npe^CTaBjajia HOBiie upanu 11 odi.iTan. ii
odpa30BairaocTB bt. eBponeftcKOMX ayxí;. 9to HOBoe odniecrBO npn EKaTepiraí; BHaaHTeaBHo paoMHoatH.iocB, oiaacTii no,a,x BaiameMx ea npOCBÍmiTCYIBHBIX'B II.IHIIOBX, OT'iaCTH yate He3aBHCIIMO OTT. HIIXT..
h.iii ;iaate iiaiiepeicopi. ea na.\rí,peniaMT,, no codcTBeimon ch.tíi iia- naBinaroca paoBirria. /J,í..io bt, tomx, tto bt, odipecTBÍ; CTa.ni bbi-
ckaoi.inaTBca iibbÍ’.cthbiii noHaria, yate ne OTBÍiTaBmia ate.iania\n, EitaTopiiiiBi; oth nonaiía He i7C4e:;a.iií, ne CMOTpa na ea 3aaB.ieH-
Hoe HeyAOBoaBCTBie, n, naKOHepx, BBi3Ba.TH ex ea ctopohbi n pecaí-') Mémoires socr. sur la Russio. París. An VIII—X (1800—2), III, cTp. 356.
flOBairie, Kor,a,a, nopi, KOHepT, hchbhh, ona ui.ua Hanyrana «f>])aii- UyüCKOÍÍ [K'BOJKlnieH H BOOpyíBHJiaCL IipOTHB’J. T'íiXT. CaMBIXT, Iipa.BlI.IJ. ii ii.ieii. KOTopua npeat^e rain, noompa.ia. llpociríaucniu.ik ,a,ecno- Tn:;in, EicaTepHHH, kt, coiKaaíaiiio. He 6m.it. Taita, nmpoKT. h ncicpe- iieiiT., khkt> du.ri), naup. y lociajia
II.
h yace b'b caMOMT, Hanaai EKaTepHHa Biia;ia.ia bt. npoTHBOpiiflia ct, codoñ h OTBepra.ia cboh (jiHJiocotJiCEia ii.í,en, Kain. CKopo 11x1, BJiianie oÓHapy.KHBa.ioci. bt.nfíinecTB'I; KaKiiMir-miúyyii, hhttoíkhbimh npmnneHiíi.MK caMOCTOflTe.ii.- IIOCTIf. EflBa .III COMHHTe.ILHO, MTO H'IíTTO IIOpOOHOe npOHUOIU.IO CT. KoMMiicciew oút. yaoiKenin: necoMH'íiHHO, ato oto npoiuioiiuio bt, en OTHomeniflXT. kt. .JHTCpaTyp'fc, KOTopaa ;íOiiyci:a.iacT. tojibko ,yo ríiXT, iiopT., noKa :iua.Ta CBoe mícto, h.ih kt> MacoHCKHMT. JiovKaM't, ko-
Topna (eipe ;u> Hobhkobckoh ncTopiii) ói.lih HenpiflTuu EKaTepHiii; tíimt., 'ito iim’Íuh npHTHsame Ha odipecTBeHiiyio po.iL h na Tairay, cjí.;p)BaTe.'ir>MO. H3BÍ;cTHyio ne3aBHCHM0CTB, xota EKaTepHHa xopomo :¡na.ia HeBHimocTB h.ih nycTOTy otoh Tallin,i. Bt. ea JiHTepaTypHOH nojieMHKÍ oóiTapy'.KHBa.iMCB Bcer.ua He tojibko mhííhííi micaTe.iBiiini,i,i;
H0 H IIOIU.'.THT0.1 BHBIH aBTOpHTCTT. HMnepaTpHH,H, TaiCT. MTO CHOpT.
CTaiIOBHJICA HeB03M0flteHT.. I Iofll KOIiepT. H,apCTBOBaHÍa HeTepnHMOCTB
iiepenuia bt, npeciríyiOBaHie, Ma.io coiuacnoe ct, pyxoMT. (Jm.ioeo<J>-
ckoh cbo6o^u, kt, KOTopoMy írliKorpa HMnepaTpnpa noKa3j.ina.ia
TaKoe pacHO-ioateiiie. Pa^HmeBT. n HoBiiKOBCKoe ,ZI,pyacecKoe Odipe-
ctbo He n]K‘,icrraK.Tifl.iii, kohohho, HiiKaKofi no.uiTJHjecKOH onacHOCTH,
KOTopoio moíkho 01,1.10 6i.i odi,flCHHTT. cypoBOCTK iixT, ocyameHia.
O.liim. ói.i.n, H.iea.THCTT., BocniiTaBuiiftca na OTBJieHeHHMXT. nona-
tíaxt. o upaiiaxT, ae.iOB'Í5HecTBa, h bt, ero cmíuoctk nopaataert upo-
CTo.jymie, ct, kotophmt. oht, CMirra.n, iiupaviaMiie cbohxt, mh'Íiiíh
bobmoíkii i,iMT, na pyccKOMT, hsbikí, bt. TOiviauiHia BpeMeHa. Bell Iio-
Mi,ini.ieiiifl JJpystecKaro OoipecTBa cbo/ihjihcb kt, nioTHCTHnecKOH i|»h-
jianTponiH h HaiiBHOMy HCitaHiio a.iXHMHaecKHxi. TaHHCTBT.. Meat^y
t’Iim'j,, oto ói,[.iii pisa íiaiioojrlie pferna npoaBJieHia odipecTBeiniLixT.
CTpeMJieniH bo BpeMeiia iiMiiepaTpiini.i EKaxepHHH. OcHOBHoe hxt.
cosepacame—h’Iicko.ilko oTB.ieaeHHi.ixT. no.ioa>enÍH ToreaniHeñ npaB-
CTBeHHoft h no.iimiMecKOíi (j)H.ioc.O(f.iii, ii aypaiioe noHHMaaie híko-
TOpi.IXT. OT^'klBHLIXT, 30.IT. II HepOCTaTKOBT, OÓHieCTBeHIiai'O yCTpoft-
CTiia, KaKT. Kp'íaiocTnoe npaBO, iipopavitiiMH cy^T. h ynpaiuenie,
HCB'ÍKKeCTBO II T. II..--- OIipejílJIÍieTT. II BeCb :¡anaCT, OdipeCTBeHHHXT.
HOHflTift, npiodpfoeHHBIXT. KT, KOHU,y XVIII CTOJTÍSTifl. OdipeCTBO
iiecoMirlamo ofjuapyiKHBaeTT. npiiBiiaiai caMOA'£aTe.n,HOCTH h KpHTH-
MecKaro OTHomeHia kt. CBoeft vkhshh; ho ota KpHTHKa Bcero naipe
iipnimcMBaeTT. odipecTBeniitie nepocTaTKii HpaBCTBeHHBiMT, nepocTaT-
-POKOBT.. KaíKCTCH, TOJIBKO Bi BOnpOefc KJI'ï'.ITOCïHOi'O IipäBa COiUiaHä ÖBiaa HeoóxO:(ioiocrrr. ii:;mI;i£ciiívi caMaro yapeatflema; Ba, ßpyrnxa, c.iyiaax'j. oöipecTBeHHaa mhcjib ne w.ia ,a,ajitrae noBepxHOCTH ¿i/Lia a, 3a HCMHorHMii [ictuiOBeiiiiiMH, noÆHTHHecicaa CTopoHa Bonpoca
ocTaBa.iaci. eft coBepmeiiHO ayac^a.
BpeMeHa mnepaiopa Aaeacan^pa Ba, otomb OTHOinema yate
pfeao OTjiaaaiOTca obb BpeMeHa, lvi:aaepmn,i. Bb ooinecairfj CHaaaaa
cjiaóo, ho noTOMa, Bce saM^raíe oÖHapyatHBaeaca imaepecB kb ero
BHyTpeHHHMa, yliaaMa,; oóipecTBeHiiaa mbicjib öojrfce h óo.rfee co3Ha-
tc.ibho BHHKaeaa, bb hhxb h caapaeaca iiaírrii npnaHHBi afea, bo.i b,
KoaopBia yate jarato ayBcaBOBa.iHCB, ho npoaiiBB itoaopuxB oKasu-
RaaacB deaciui nía caMa HeorpaHHaeimaa BaacaB npaBHaeaBcaBa, 11
caapaeaca, naitonenB, naftTH cpe,a,CBBa, Koropria 6bijih 6h bb co-
caoamn iiomohb otomv neaajiBHOMy noaoatemio Beipeft. Ba, oaoMa,
HCKaHÍH oóm,ecaBennaa mbicjib bb nepBBift pasa, npHxo^iiaa, kb irh-
CKOÆBKO acHoft nocaaHOBKii BiiyapeHiiaro noaiianaecitaro Bonpoca. OancKHBaa naaa.io oaoro iiosaro HanpaBJtema, ne.i 1,3a npeat^e
Bcero He imyïvn,, aao 9ao óhho HHitaita, He CJiyaafiHoe B03Óyat,n,e-
Hie HJiii MO^a, a nanpoaHBB, aBJieiiie, ecaecaBeHHO Btipocmee cpe^n
oóipecaBa, inríuunee cboh BHyapennia 11 bhIiiiiiiííi iíphmmhbi h ocaa-
BHBinee cboh Baiama Ba, nocjrfc/i,yK)iii,eñ ncaopiii oöipecaßa. I'jiaBHBiMB
oöpa30Ma,, oho óbi.io cai^caßieMB oßiparo yiuxiiiMeiiia oöpasoßaH-
HOcaH, Koaopoe, naiconen/r,, iipiiBO/pao Ka, iio;;oíhii.imb BOiipocaMa, 11
bb oa^'ïaBHBixa. jiHMHOcaaxa, ,ctuaao aao cosHaHie oömecaBeHHiixB
OaHOHieHIH OCOÖeHHO HtHBMMB H ^'ililCaBim.MBin.IM’B. Cb Äpycoft cao-
poHBi, aao iiaipiaB.ieine npiiBHBaaocB obb eBponeftcKaro ßBHäteHia
KOHii,a npoiuaaro 11 Haaaaa HBiHiiumaro caoaftaia. Tobb yMCBBeH-
HBift h o6ui,ecaBeHHBiH nepeBopoarB, itoaopuft 11:1a, «I>paHu,in pacnpo-
capaHaaca Ha bcio Eßpony, iiocnyaca cbohmii iiocaiypniMH iuííihííimh
h Poccíh: ira oöpaaOBaHiioft «tacan oömecBBa aaoaa, nepeBopoaa, oapa-
3H.TCH BHaanae.i bhhmb yMCBBemiBiMB ^nHatemeMB, Koaopoe yoii.in.ioci,
oaa, Henocpe,a;caBeHHBixa> BcapftaB, ÆpyatecKHXB h BpaatfleöiiHxa,, ca,
eBponetcKHMa, 8aira;i,o.MB. Ba, pyccKOMB oftipecBBi HBaaeaca hobbih
Bonpoca,, KoaopBifi ooosHaaaaa, ,pa nero nepBBie npiisHaitH apiaocan: aao ÓKi.TB Bonpoca, 06a, ero ycapoftCBB'ft, npnaiiHaxB 11 noc.ift/i,caBÍ¡[XB
9aoro ycapoHCBBa, 0 cpe^caBaxa, kb ero HcnpaBaemio h ycoBep-
lueniio. CaapBia lipemanía Ba, nepBBit pa:;rB noaepaan, /yia BHaMii-
aeaBHaro Kpyra ofipaBonaHHi.ixa. aioflet, cboio npeatHioio oöasaaeaB-
HOcaB; oni; oaBepraaHCB HHor,a;a He aoaBKO ayiiniiMii jimiabmm oö-
mecTBa, ho h caMHMB HMnepaaopoMa., i’aita, aao Hxa, HecocaoaaeaB-
HocaB caaHOBHaacB noaynpH3HaHHoft HcaHHoft; iiOHaaHO, KaKHMa, bo3-
no,a,o6-Hoe noaoatenie ;ri'>aa. Hacïaaa neoöxoAHMOCTb ncTíarr. ^jiíi oßipe-
CTBeHHaro ycTpoftcTBa hobhxi HaqaaT. n hobbixt. pyraTeaBCTBX od-
iparo óaara.
3th iiepBHa CTpenaema odipecTBeiiHoft mlicjih, kíuít, mh CKasaan, a cocTaBJiaiOTt OT.nninTe.ii.iiyTO aep'ry AaeEcaHppoBCEaro nepiopa Harnero pa3BHTÍs. J!i. oto BpeMa odipecTseHHoe Mirbnie bt> nepp.i.ni past c i hbb'Écthoh ch.ioíí HanpaBHaocB Ha npepMeTBi Biiyi'peHnefi nojHTHKH. Ha oto ft .apport; Harae odrpecTBO âbhîkctch h ^o chxt. nop'B: o6ni,ecTBeHHaa mbictb CTaaa nnipe h aciche, irpocTopT, ea öojibiiie; raydate tíimt, Kor^a-HHÖy^B nocraBaeiiB Bonpocb o iiapo/i/h h HapoAiiOH JKH3HH; apyrT. oöipecxBa, samiTepecoBaHHaro BHyi'peH- HHMii noJiimmecKHMH BOnpocaMH, ropa3,a,o odnnipffhe; ho caMBie iipe^MeTti, Ha KOTopi,ixT> ocTanaBJiHBaeTca odipecTBeHHaa mhcjb, eipe He ÖBI./IH Hcaepnanii ct, rhxT, no])T., itaitT. ohh bt. nepBuft pa:n> yKaaaHH oi.i.ih bt. upeneiia AaeEcaH,a,pa. MHoria pet|)opMr.i npomaaro papcTBOBaHia, khet. Hanp. tjiiî ocriOBiraa —oci!OÓo;K,;i,eiiie EpecTBam., cy^eÔHaa pe<|iopMa h HSB'bcTHoe yayTineme bt> noaosEeiiin noncrn— ôbijih yate bt. 'ri; BpeMeHa npeijMeTOMT. pascyat^emfi h ropaanxt æeaamft; ,a.pyria, do.rhe mnpoKia peijiopMBi, o EOTopwxT. MeTTa.ni ayTinie .TK>,i,n Tor^anmaro odipecTBa, ocrraioTca BonpocoMT. h ryo chxt, nop'B. U,apcTBOBaHÍe AaeEcan^pa I 3aiUK)THaocB TpariiTecaoft pa:;- bhbeoh, EOTopaa pfeKO OT/yhairaa iipoírteinraft nyTB paoBima. r;I/l;îi- CTBHTeaBHO, TaHHBia noaHTHrecEia oôipecTBa h ;yh.[o ßeKadpncTOBT. ÖM.ni ecïecTBeHHBiMT. peiiy.TBTaTOMT. dpoæeHia npeii bt. AaeKcaH,!- poBCEoe BpeMa; ct. otoë pa3Ba3itoft npeatnee noitoahme, HOCHBuiee ara upen, coih.io co epeira, h ct. hobbimb papcTBOBameMT. HacTy- Hll.l'B HO B U ÍI nOBOpOTT. BT. HCTOpilI odui,ecTBa.
A’Ka.ii.iHim Ha oto pasBHT'ie nom m m ecKOü mmc.ih, khet, ot.ih-
TMTe.îBHyio aepTy odipecTBeHnaro ÆBHHtema bt. papcTBOBame Ahck-
caH/i,pa, mli He npeyBejiHTHBaeM'B hh ea rayon ira, hii pasM^poBT. ea luimuii bt. oôipecTBi. H to, h spyroe He 6h.to bohhko; îio.ih-
THTecKaa He3phaocTB ooipecTBa duaa TaEOBa, tto bt. nepBoe BpeMa Bcero cH.iBirlie oto HanpaBaeme 3aaBaeH0 dwao caMHMT. HMnepaTO-
poMT. u ero ßaimafluiHMH eoTpy/pinKaMH; caMO npaBHTeaBCTBO mnaao óoalie CM'fui.ie naaHH, 'itMT. ETO-ando ii;;t. nepepoBi.ixT. aiopeft Tor^ain- Haro oóipecTHa; h Brroc.rí;;i,CTT!ÍH, itpyra. aio^eft, bt. cpe.'ri’, EOTopaixT. coBepuiaaocB oto aBiivKcnie, He öbbtt. ocoßenno oöunipeHT.. Ho ;i,bh-
ateme ocTaaocB opuaKo BaatHBiMT. HCTopnaecEHMT. momohtomt. bt.
Hanreft o6ni,ecTBeHHOH iicTopiii. H.hbIicthbth iiyen npoHHEaH b i pyc- CKoe o6ni,ecTBO h ycBonancB bt. iicmt.: ct, t"J;xt. nopT. ohI; noay- aaiOT'b Bce öoaBiue mchocth, oÖHHMaiOTT. oô.rivmiii KpyrT., h epHiiei'BO MOTHBOBT., EOTOJH.IMH 3äHHTa OLLia ( ! Ó Hl, C CTB C HH a ¡I MHCaB CO BpeMCHT.
Aaeitcanapa. noKa3KBaerB, tto yate n bx to Bpeaa a'Iíjio hito o ÄiftCTBHTeaBHHXX IIOTpeÖHOCTHXX OÖipeCTBa, HeHBÖ’iatHO BLITeiiaBIIIHXX
H3X ero HCTopiii. Bo3Bpaui,aacL kx tèmx BpeiieHaMx h BcnoMimaa
Toraanraie HHTepecn, óopi.óy iihíhíh, HaaimaBineeca çxojiitHOBeHie
axyxx nopa^KOBX skh3hh, craparo h HOBaro, mbi HañaeMx HOBoe
no^TBepvKfleme saKOHHOCTH rfcxx cOBpeMeHHBixx cxpeMaemH kt. o6-
ipecTBeHHOMy npeoÖpasoBaniio, Koxopwa h ao chxx nopx ocTaroxca
HenoiiaTHia yaa öojiBHiHHCTBa h Ha KOTopna cb Taitoio meapocxiio
öpocaioTx CBOH KJieBCTBi peTporpa;i,HBie aruxaTopu.
He^ocraTOMHOCTB cyiu,eCTByioiu,Hxx aaTepiaJiOBX jyknaexx eiu,e
heB03Moatiioft Tiocvifi^ouaie.ibjí yk» MCTopiio BußpaHHaro Haan npe/i,-
Mt'Ta; MBi orpamm ifM Cii itIicko.ii.kiimii oöih,hmh owepKUM» h iriiCKO.n-
khmh YKa3aHÍaMH Ha .itoóonr.iTHBiH a n jie n ia otoh ncT opin, a o chxx
BoCIIHTAHIE II XAPAKTEP’B AaEKCAH^PA.
Xaparcxepi» HMiiepaTopa AneKcaHApa BH3HBajn> caMua pa3HOOÖ- pa3HHa cyw;,Aeui;i coBpejienhhkobi, ii ijo:ifi,n l;iimnxt, hctophkobi,; bi, to BptwiH, K ain , o;i,h h ciHTa.'iii ero 'ic-ioiriiKOMi, dem, cepApa h npimpiinoBi,, xiiTptiM'f, ;p> KOßapcTBa a^chotomi,, xpyrie — h b i TOMI, EHCJL'h 3HaMeHHTUH HIxeHHT,, KOTOparO He.IbSH ÖMJIO yUpOKHYTB
HH B'E AHpeMipiH, HII BI, iKeAailill AbCTHTb--- CB yii'ijpeHHOCTbiO r0~
nopn.ni o B tic o K iix i. itaaecTBax’i, ero xapaK xepa, d e sK o p u cxiii 11 Be-
.iHKO Ayiuiii, r.iydoKOMi, cxpeM Jieiiin k o d .ia ry 'ie.iOB'fciieci'Ba; icorAa
oahh npiioH aBa.ni 3a h h m t, xo.ib k o y.mx, caMbift odbiKHOBeiinbiii, He-
cnocoÖHbift e i, m iipoKOMy BBi'.iaAy, A pyrie ph a'Lih Brb A jeK caiiA pfc
KpoM'I; piiAKHX'b a o cto h h ctbx cepppa h ym> 'ip e a B b iia iiu o o dm n p H uii
h npoHHpaxejibHHH ’).
•9™ npoTHBop'Ji'iia t'Iim i, iiopa:;HTe.ibiii>e, hto xaitie ot3bibh hcxo- Ah.u i hh ott, o a h h x i, BjiaioB'b hah c.xliiibix'b nanerHpHcxoB’b, ho ii ori, AiOAeft, KOTopbie x o rk iii BbicKaHUBaxb deanpHcxpacTuoe Mirlmie h ocHOBHBaxb ero Ha ({taKxax'b. Mbi He depeMca pa3T>acHaxb Biio.nrfc
') He HCiHCMii oömnpnoü ¿iHTepaiypH o BpeMeHH h imhocth min. AieitcaHÄpa,
Ha30BeM'i> oaBHHji coraH em a iiocjili^Haro BpeMeHH:
— McTopia u,apcTBOBania hmii. A.iei:,caii,;pa I h Poetin bb ero BpeMa. M. liorja-
HOBHaa. Cn6. 1869—71, 6 tomobb (bb npH-ioatemaxB, oömnpHoe yna3aHie jiHTepaTypu
npe^MeTa).
— Theodor v. Bcrnhardi, Geschichte Russlands und der europäischen Politik
in den Jahren 1814—1831. Leipz. 1863—77. Tpn roM a.
— IlMiiepaTopB AaeKcaHjpB nepBufi. IIo.iHTHKa-AHiuoMariii. Cepria CojioBteBa. Cii6. 1877.
HocToaHHO yMHoataeTca sHTepaiypa MeMyapoBB, pyccKHXB hHHocTpaHHHXB, h bb
pajty iioc.rli.xHHXF. (KpoMh Toro, tio yKasHBaeTca bb na:!R;ihhmxb coaHHenijixB) aBHJica saM'ii'iaTe.iBHFjii MarepiajiB j.ia Hciopin BpeMeHB CBHineHHaro Cowsa h peaKipH bb 3a-
xapaiixepi,, Bíi3BiBaBniift ani iiponniopiaia, noTOMy aro noApodHoeiH HCTopiH A.xeKcaurx,pa eipe cjuihikomi, aa.io h3bícihh; ho ero hc.'JB3h H OUOHXXl, IIOTOMy TÍO, flMciBHTeJIBHO, od'fc CTOpOHH IIM'IhOTX,
Kailí-^ aa Kailí-^o.xK) upaií.U'i; .ihhhoctb AaeitcaH^pa ir ero AÍaiemaiocTi, bx, caMOMi ;rí¡.rl; npc,í,cx-aB.ía.ni cxo.xbko pasnopíaam H X i, npoaB .ienii, axo bx, hhx'l neodxe/piMO aaxx. c e d í no b03mojkhocxh oxaexx., nox’OMy aro o r í canmKOMx> aacxo oita;njBa.ui croe is.iiiniie Ha odmecxBeifflyio JKH3HB.
3totx, xapaiíxepx. ,¡i,ÍHCXBHxejiBHO nopaataex'B cbohmhnepoBiiocraMn h npoTHBOpiaiaMH; HenocroancTBO obi.ioocHOBHaa ero aepxa, n aerito cedí npe^CTaBHTb, axo iipoaB.ieniíi atoro HenocToancTBa bx, cepBes- hlixb a'íviaxx, n bi. icpimiaecidji MHHyra, liorna HSBÍcxHoe pínienie no.xyaa.ro ape3Bi.iaaftHyio Baat hocxb, Mor.ui irponaBOAiixi, caaoc rame- .ioe Bneaax.xÍHie h Bo:¡dya;,[,ax'i> ciuibiiyio airrimaxiio, Koropaa hupo- H3B0AH.xa yKa.3amu.1e ihimh ireapyaie.uodm.re ot3Hb h; ho codnpaa pa3.iHaHtia noApodHoexn diorpa({mi A.xeKcaiiapa. h Bimnaa bx, ero nodyai^eHÍa, mh npiumpaeMca ca> ero .xhhhoctbio, noxoMy aro bx,
HCToaHHiffe ero neaocTax'iíoin, HaxopiMx, He aypm.ia HaKjpHHoem, a HeAoexvax'OK’b BOCiniTania bo.hi h ne/i,ocxaxoKx, hohhmhhíh oiHomemn, hto bx, r.iyómií nodya;;i,eHÍH ero aeaauii aacxo naiuyainia cxpeM- .xenia, KOxoptiMi, inyxocx'a.ío to.xbko hiko.xh h d.iaronpiaxxibixx, yc.io- bíh. A.ieKcaHrxpx, noaxti ex, p o te r n a nocraB.xeHx, dbi.TB bx, oaeHb C-ioaíHbia h MyapeHbia oxHomema, Koxopua paHO paa^Borau ero co- 3HaHÍe h ero ayBCTBo; BoeniixaHie ero KOHaH.xocB bx, xaKyro nopy, Kor,a,a odiJiaioBemio oho xo.iBKO-axo HaannaeTX, cbohnepBbia ccpbe.3- inaa aadoTbi, Kor^a Hacxynaioxi, nepBbia cepbe3Htia 3aHaxia iohouih h 3HaK0MCXB0 ex, ®h3hbk>: bx, 3xy nopy AxeiicaitAjix, dbi.ii, yate iipeAoexaBHCHx, eaMOMy cedí hnpnxojix, bx, odcxoaxe.xbcxBaxx,, xpedo- BaBHiHxx, doaBuioro HpaBCXBeiiHaro ycn.iia, Koxopoe dbi.io dbi He ,ieix;o h aeaOBÍKa, .xyauie npnroxoB.xeHHaro ti do.xíe onbixHaro bx, ®h3hh. Hít x, comhíhíh, axo ero Bocniiiame npn EitaiepiiHÍ, ®H3HB h „cayada“ npn Ila iu í yace co3,T,a.iir sa^axicn ero xapait- xepa, Kaiíb ohx, odHapyacHBaexca bhocviíactbhi, a yace ex, btjixx,
nopx, HaA-ioiin.iH axy BOCTopaceiJHyio h d.iaropo,i,Hy[0 Haxypy.
HsBÍcxHoe cxHxoxBopeHÍe ^epacaBima „na poacAenie nopijmpo- pOAHaro oxpoKa“ .Mnoa;ecxBO pa3x, nirnipoBa.xoci, Kaax, noaiHaecKoe npe/íBUAÍnie pí/pciixi, KaaecxBX, A.icKcanApa, ero aymeBHoñ n ({>h-
anaecKOH Kpacoxbi, ero dyuymeñ caaia,;. Mysa ^epacaBima, aoxopaa .nodina npiaxHO no.iBcxnxB h npH.xrHyxB, na axoxx, paax. KaKx, dy.rro 3axoxvkxa roBopnxB npaB,:i,y, hoiomv axo bx, caiiOMx, A'krli A.ieKcaiiApx, pocx, apeBBBiaaHito npHB.xeKaxeaBHi,mx, pedeHKOMx, n lOHOinett. TaitOBBi diJ.iH odui,ie 0X3BIBH o HeJtx, b i, irepayio nopy ero mo.xoaocxh.
Ho liiiliimiiii odcToaxe.iBCTBa cx> caaiaro Haxa.ia 6bi.hi TaKOBBi, >no He momh diaronjHH'mo flMcxEOBaxB na oopaaoBame xapaurepa. UpeiB^e, xIim'b A.ieiicaicipB bx> cocxoiiniH 6bijix> co3HaBaxB OKpy- vKaioipee, ohx. nocxaB.ieHx, oi.i.n, in. cTpamina h <}>a,iBniHBBui otho- raeHia bx> caMoft combE (Jr, caMaro poKsenia EitaTepiina iwii.ia ero kx> ce6rii, KaKt iiotomT) h /qiynixx, ipfcxeft IlaBJia, xaicx, hxo ;i/fiTii to.ibko H::pI>;i,Ka h Ha itopoTKoe Bpewa moot uiniaTi, y poyiiTe.’ieii. llaBe.n, jkhjit> bx> I 'aTHHirl;, h ero OTHomeHia cx> EKaTepmioft 6llhi KpaftHe HaTanyma h iiotih BparKpediiBia. yTBepatji.aiOT'b, htoy Hea dia.ri, n.iaii’B ycTpaHHTt Haiiia oxx, npecxojia h cflEiaTt A.iei:can;i,pa cbohm’l Heiioc])e,i,CTBeimi,i,\irr, npeeMHHKOMX,, n hto to.ibko BHeaanHaa CMepTb Ho.M’Iana.m eft hcho.uihtb otott, n.iain, 1). A.ieiccaipi.pT, moix, ,a,oraji,HBaTbca odx> othxt. naM'fepeniax'B, h bo bchkomx, c.iyaa'I; eMy
6axa acHO bm,i,hbi ne/ipr/tpie h Bpaat^a, paoA’fuaBiinii ABopj.i neTep- dyprcififi h raxxHHCKift, Meatfly kotopbimh out chmx, du.ri> nocTaB- .iein, bt. Tpyynoe, cTpa^aTeabHoe roviovuenie. Hu thmx>, hii 3;i/1;cb oht> He Mori obitb bikunf; HCKpeHeHX,; eMy, BipoaxHO, xpyflHO du.io h Boodipe ct. KriiMT,-Hiifiy;i,B ;i;fum hca cboiimh BnexaTjrfcHisMH h pa3- MHinaeHiaMH, h oto paHO coodipn.io eny xaityio cflepmaHHOCTB 11 citpHTHOCTB, KoxopBia Ka:ia.mcB y;piBHTe.iBHBi bt> ero Jrfera. Oflirax, Had.iio^aTe.iB, djui3K0 BHflaBiuift A.ici;ciiH,i,pa bb MO.iOfloexii h 3a- .Mtaiaiiia KOToparo oraocaTca in, 1796 rofly, roBopuxx, o homi,: ,,( )hx, Hac.ilviona.rB otx> EKaxepHHH B03BBimeHH0CTB ay bcxbx,, B/l;p- hbih h npoHHpaTejiBHBift yMX. h piflKyio citpoMHOCTB; ho ero Cflep- ataHHOCTB, ero ocTopoatHOCTb thkobbi, KaKiixx, fte dbiBaeTx, bx> ero BO.'ipacT'l;, ii ohh dwjiH du npHiBopcTBOMx., ecjuidij He caipoBaao npHHHcaTB hxx, CKopiie xony naxaHyxoiviy iio.ioaHaiiio, bb KaitOMx, ohx, oaxoflii.icii Meatfly cbohmx, oxpoMX, h CBoeft dadyuiEoft, hEmt. ero cepflpy, oxx, npnpo;u>i HCKpeHHeMV n oxitpHTOMy“ 2).
ITpii 11aii.i'l; no.ioatenie ero cauio eni,e My^penie. H3BicTH0, KaKoft nofl03piixe.iBHOCTbjo ii KaKHMH dypHBiMii Kanpii3aMH oT.niaa.ica 9totx> minepaxopx,; onx, HaBOflHxx, cxpaxx, Ha Bee OKpymaioipee h Ha caMoe ceMeftcxiio BcnBiiincaMii pasflpaiKHTeJiBHocTii, lie 3HaBHiiiMii hhkhkhxx, npepiaoBB. Ilaise.rj, nofl03piBaax> cyipecxBOBame ynoMa-
HyTBixi, n.iauoB'i, EKaTepiiHBi, ii ero ne^OBf.pamiocTi,, Eoxopyio ohx,
impo'ieMX, cTapaaca CKpi.iBaTB, odpaxHJiacB na A.ieKcaiiflpa. IJoiiopaTB, mto bx, noarlvUiie xaci.i iiMnepaxpiipBi n bx> cniviyioinie ,1,011 OTeiyi,
') Cm. pa3CKa3t eh. C. M. FojmuHHa o 3aBfcm,aHin EKaTepHHH be aTOMt cMHcai, KOTopoe HaHjeno 6hjio bb ea KafiHHerk a coatateHO AaeKcaH^poMB. $aK Tt nep ejaeT ca 3Aici coBepiiieHHO iiojioatiiTejiBHO. P. ApxHB'b 1869, exp. 642 — 643; Mini. seer. I, 182—183. Cp. OaiiHCKH CafjjyEOjia, P. Apx. 1869, CTp. 1882.
y^ep'íKHBajLí. cuna npn ceöfc ca. nyiaBaeinajm hEkhocth, noxori,m¡- TuiTMiT Ha 11< i Aoypiixe.i i.hocti.. llaBe.n ypam ai ero npeæHHxi ppy- 3eft, 0KpyJKH.il ero oifaipepaMii, Ha KOToptixi cHHTa.ii. bo3mohłhhmi ano-iiii. nojoautTbca, pajil e>iy, biiícto npeamaro, ppyron ho.ik i h i. ä. Mxi OTHomema M’ínia.iHCb paa.iHHiiuMT. oöpaaoni, no A.ie- Kcauppi ne mofjj HyBCTBOBaTi. ceoa cboöoäho b i iipopojiiKeiiie pap- CTBOBania, KOTopoe cbohmh CBOHCTBäMii npoTHBop'íiHH.10 BcIiM'B ero toi',uuiiiiiimt. iiohhtíhmb. 1 IpnHyatpenie npopoJUKaJiocb b i eipe óo.rl.e TarocTHHXi (fiopiuaxi, m'I'.mt. npeiicpe, h eipe do.ii.iire 6u.io ociiOBaniH
I -ira CKptlTHOCTH II He^OB’ÉpHHBOCTH. Konepi papcTBOBama HaB.ia
poBejii po nocjiipiiefi cxeneim miyjpeumoio öeanoMOipuocTb h xpe- Bory A.ieKcanppa. Out. 6u.it. CBiipkieaesii paappaajema, coÖHpaß- iiiaroca npoTHBi HMnepaTopa, 6u.ii ne b i cn.iaxi iiomotl iipiuncy h caMT. 6u.it. yB.ieaeiiT. hmi. 3th coouxia ocxaBH.iH HaBcerpa cboíi cjripi na ero xapaKxep't; Mpaanuíl aiHaiieimuíi onuxi cipe 6ojibine ycii.iH.iT. aiia’riio, sapam i Koxopoft 6u.ni b i iicah yate H3paBHa,
H HCAOB'I’.p'JUBOCTb KT> .HOpHMl, KOXOpaa K1 COJKa.IrfcllÍlO IIM’kia rl,0- bo.ii.iio ocHoiiaiiift bt. odcxoaxejibcxBaxT. ero jkhbhh c i chaioh paH- lieíl MOJlOpOCTH.
Taitoaa obLia bt. ooupixi aepxaxi neo.iaronpiaxHaa oócxaHOBKa, bt. Koxopoft ao.ukho 6u.io coBcpiuaxbCH upaBCXBeuHoe payaiixie Aae- Kcauppa. Ero iipoatpeimua Kaaecxßa nopßepraJiHCb aplica xpypHOMy iicnuxaimo. O d i 9t h x i KaaecxBaxi bcè cympcTByiompa hbb'Lctíh ro- Bopaxx. caMHMT. ö.iaronpiaxHUMT. oöpaaoMi. A.ieKcaiippi oönapyjKii- Ba.i'b JKHBOH y m i h npeKpacnua HpaBCXBeHiiua CBoncua. Coxpaim- .iHCb, Meatpy npoaiiMi, aaniicKii opHoro hbt. ero Bocnirraxe-ieH, iincaii- Hua b i 1789— 94 ropaxi, aorpa A.ieKcaHppy öu.io ] 2-— 17 .i'txi. yaM'LxKii, HHcaHiibia aßxopoMi p.ia ceöa h deBiipiicxpacxiiuiJ 1). Onn- cuBaa xapaiixepi A.ieKcanppa, ototi BOcnHxaxejib c i BoexoproMi roBopHxi o ero npHBaenaTe.ibHuxi aepxaxi, ero cnpaBepjiHBOCTH, aecxiiocxH, npaBpHBOMi comían in ouihöoki, poöpoMi ii MarKOMi Hpaßk h up.; pa3CKa3UBaexi pasananue cayaan, rpl. BUKa3UBa.iHCb npeapacHua CBOftcxBa ero pymii; no b i to æe BpeMa o h i c i npii- cKopöieMi yitaauBaexi ero HepocxaTKH, a Meæpy hhmh yieaiiaHu xaiiie, itoxopue ocxaiHCi. h iiotomi b i xapaKTepl; Aaeitcaiippa. „BaM'LaaeTca b i ero bucohcctb'Í;,— iinmexi o h i b i anpkrfi 1792, —.iHHiHee caMOAwßie, a oxi xoro ynopcmoo eo .»mbninxz cbohxi,
h aro o h i bo BceMi óvpxo yB'fcpiixi hnepeyBipirri aeaoBÈKa, Kam yaxo'iexi. H.ii cero OTKpuBaexca irliKorojraa xumpocmb, höo b i
') P. Apx. 1866, cTp. 94—111. Kto 6hjm> btot'b BocuHTaieiB — HeasBicxao; ho
3aTMl>BaHÍH nerum,i h bx /Keviaiiiu öhtb Bcer^a npaBHMx, HeMimyeMO
h y am o iipiicTynari, k i, no,a,aoraMx“ . »I>pa3a HeacHaa, ho omici.iüae- MOe CBOHCTBO ÖLI.IO, nOBHAHMOMy, TO CaMOe, KOTOpOe CTOHJO IIOTOM'l, AaeKcaH,a,py cto.jbkhxx oÖBHHemii bx Apyammi. B x yarfc AaeiccaHApa irecoMH'fiHHo di.iaa a e p ra HiwficTHaro ^HnaoMaraaecKaro ayitaBCTBa, xoxa OHa BOBce He oi.i.ia laKOfi rocnoACTByromefi, khkx oto Hept^KO H])e,i,CTaB.[HH)Tx; ecoir bx ero lOHOHiecKOMx x a p a m e p i ex ero ayicaB-
ctbomx Moraa coe^HHaixca h ncitpeHiiocTt, to h n o c a i ero xapax-
Tepx HHKor^a He n o ie p a a x bhoahí cboiixx aym uiixx npeaœHxx
CBOHCTBX. íIÍ'H.'lHI, CHHXHO HapyillH.ia HXX IipaBHjlbHOe paBBHTie, HO
h bx iioa^M'Iiiimie ro,a,i,i HeflocraTKH ero xapaKTepa oíj.ih He cToaxKO .iimeM'Iipie ii-iii MaKiaBeaHBMX, cko.ikko HepinnrreaBHOCTŁ h oxcyT-
CTBie TBepÂOË iio.ni, npoiicxo^uBmia bx snaaiiTeabHon CTeneim otx
OTCyTCTBia aCHOCTH IIOHaTlH BX IiperJ,MCTaXT,, BX KOTOpj.lXX eMy npn-
xoahaocx iiM'IiTi, BepxoBHHH piiuaiom iH i'o.iocx. IIpeæ,a,e Bcero, ira
ero yMx h xapaKxepx Haaoaaiao cboh o'meaaTOKx BoeniiTaiiie.
3to BOcmiTame duao nperi,MCTOMT, doai.imixx sadoxx EKaTepmi 1,1. O na cocTaiiiLia iibbIscthuh n ac ra b.i onia ,i,aa pyKOBOßCTBa anpaMX, KOTopbiMx BB’ïipeno ojj.jo oto BoenHTanie. 3,;i/k x , itaax h bx H a -
Kaü'ïi, EKaïepHHa ohhtx odpaxuaacb 3a TeopernaecKHMn ocHOBa-
JliaMH KX CBOHMX ({)MOCO({)CKHMX aBTOpHTeTaMX, H B0CII0.U>30Ba.ia(X H^eaMii JIoKKa h Pycco. IIopyaHBx Ha^aopx 3a BOCiiHTaiiieMx rp a $ y
H. H. Ca.iTHEOBy, OHa lii.idpa.ia r.raBHaro nacTaBHHKa bx toh
eBponeñcKOH c<í>epi, ex icoTopoñ Taux aioduaa no^AepacHBaix cho- inem a. lHBeHu,apeu,x Jla ra p n x d n a x He tojiłko ({jhjocojJjx bx
CMueai (JipaupyacKaro npocB im em a, ho h HacroaupH, He to.jkko
TeopeTiiaecKiS pecnydaHKaHepx; nocpe;j,HHKo.MX bx ero n p araam em u
fíKi.ix (()jfjoeo(|)CKÍH areHTx h (JjaKTOTy.MX TorAaiuHiixx .mdepaaBHiJxx ABopoBx, FpHMMx, H.'iiiliCTm.jfj aBTopx „ KoppecnoHAeHpm“ . Jla ra p n x (ohx du.rx npn AaeKcaH^pi bx Teaeum 1 7 8 3 — 1 7 9 5 r.) croaax
desx coMii'Iiiiia Btime bcïixx HacxaBHHKOBX AaeKcaH^pa no yMy,
CB’íi^'liHiaMx h xapaKTepy, h, itonemio, oitasaax Bcero doaxuie Baia-
nia Ha CKaa^x nonarur h nanpaBaem e AaeitcaHApa. H o noaostem e
Jlarap u a 61,rao oaem, rpy^Ho: ohx noHHMaax oboio odasaHHoeix
o'ieHi, exporo h He ateaaax ^ ia a a x ycrrynoKx npu;i,Bopm>iMX coodpa- atemaMx, KOTopnxx oauaKO ri])e,rcTaB.iaaoc.i, oaeHX MHoro. Cx'apaacb
oxpaHaix AaeKcaHji,pa otx b.iíhhííí npiiABOpHofi aTMoe^epu h He
CKpuBaa CBoero odpaaa MHcaeS, ohx AoaaieHx öu.ix tím x chmumx
Aiaa/rx c e d i BparoBx, KOTopuxx KpoMi Toro coa/pinana 11 ero no- aHTHaecKaa aiaxeaxHOCTL aa a cßoero OTeaecTBa, iipoßonataßm aaca
h ripn ABopfc EKaTepuHti. H ra Bpaat^a, incyjmaa otx ero iuBeHH,ap-
ckhxx Henpiai’eaen a pyccKHXx upjiABoprnJXX, M iuiaaa HaKonepx
a OïEPKH.
ii Tpy^aMi ero rcaKx. BOCineraTeia. I IporaBi Hero nymeHti 6ti.ni naKOiieirt no.iiiTioiecKia ooBitrteiiiii, noBOflx, kt. eo to ph m t. .vara.ia
ero A’La'ie.ibHoci't no HiBenpapcKHMT, .a^-iaMt, xoxa ohh ii rre 6i.ua
tryo.rinrriOH; a r a o6BHiienia 6l u h oco6eiiHO onacHti bx, nocai^Hie
ro^ti, Koiypr ({ipanpyscKaa perioaiopin bx. CBoesn. TeppopncTHaecEOMt (Jiaaiidi nane.ia CTpaxx. Ha EKaTepimy. IlMneparpupa Boo6ui,e nox- ^epjRHBaaa Jlarapna, ii xenept, iiHcayinarn, ero o6x>acHema upoxiiBX. B03Be/i,eHHtixx> Ha Hero o6Bimeniii, ocxaBiua ero npii A.iei;can;i,pt.,
ho iiaiioiten/r,, noBH^HMOMy, Troxxa.iacr, Tanate onaceHiaMi.; iioc.tJ,
ciiapi.óti Bejiintaro miana, Koroparo, itaEx, itysl.cxiio, nojEemun oneHt
iohhmt., Jlarapirt ocxaBaaca bt. IIexep6ypri> He^oaro 11 6h.it.
oxny-HI,eHl. pOBO.tLIIi) X 0.10,1,110.
IíecMOxpa Ha :¡axp y/iHiixe.r t h oen. iio.iovkcm i íi Jlara p n a npn XBOplr, oco6chho bt. noc.rb/inie ro^bi, r;oiyi,a AaencaH.upt u Merino 6tux> 6ti acero 6o.n>ine cnoco6eHT> noirm iaxt ero ypoEH, HeCMOxpa n a xo, axo B.iiaHÍe Jlara p n a, xanHiix. oépaatrMT,, xMcxBOBaao to.ibko
na. oaeH t parim e ropti ero BOcniixaHHiiEa, oto m i a n i e 6i.no BecbMa ciutHO. A.ieKeaiupx. 'ipeBBi.riaiitio npiiBasaaca ex. CBoeiiy Bocnnxa-
Te.no, noxoiuy, BipoaxHO, mxo ero ypomi Bcero 6o.r ture oxnl.xa.ni
xímx. lOHOiiiecEHMX. cxpeM.Tt*HÍHMx>, EOxoptiMii A.ieEcaH^px. ór.i.rt npoHHEHyxX), íi xana.ru Bcero 6o.ri.iue nnin,H ero 11 ;i,e a a n ex ir x e c i; ti mt, MeaxamaMX. o cbo6o a í h cxacxiii .riopen. lio Bcxyiuertin Ha upe-
cto.iX) A a e n c a iu p i. BHSBaax. J la ra p n a bx. IIexep6yprrt ; bo Bpeiia Hano.xeoHOBCEHXx. boiihx., ohx. o n ax t npn3tiBa.iT> kt. ce6rI; Jlara p n a itaEx, exaparo xpyra n p k iin e a ex. hhmt. cbohmh xyBCTBaMit n cbo-
hmh riarimneCKiiMii 3a6oxaMH.
Jlara p n y npHHaxiejKHTT., 6e3x. comhIihííi, 6o.ibinaa xo.ra xśxx. oxB.ieneHHtixx, iiperiCTaB.ieHÍn A.reKcaH.ipa o TexoBlxeCKOMT. 6.iarí>, o i'pari;vi,ancr;oír cbo6o,c1, o [>aBeHCxtili .xio^eft, o ciiparie:i,iirB0cxH, o rHyCHOCxii xecnoxim ta íi pa6cxBa íi x. x., foxoptia bx. nepBoe BpeM» A.ier;canrrpx. BHCEa3tiBa.iT> ex. xatHMx. oxyinemeHieMi. n eo- roptrn xaa;e Biioc.rlixcxniii, Korxa ohx. 6h.it, xa.ieiio He npeatHHMx., irriKoiypi bx. neMX, He iiar.iaaniBa.iiicr, coBepineHHO. 3xoxx, itxea.trmiT. Moran noxxep'.KHBaxr, bx. HeMx. 11 xpyrie ero BOcnirxaxe.iH, oco6jiiibo
HSBicTHtm M. H . MypaBteiíT., oóyxaminri ero pyccEOMy astisy . MypaBteBx. (oxepx. ii.íbIícxhhxx, xeinópiiCTOirt, Hhehxh h A.ie-
EcaHxpa MypaBteBtixx.), hobIcthłih bx. CBOe ripean nrieaxe.it bx.
eaHTMMeHTajbHO-ifiirjiocoifiCBOMT, po;i,rI;, HOEpoBHxeibcxBOBaBiuiíi hcto-
])iniecEOMy npexnpiaxiio KapaMBiina h no BCxynieHin AxeKcaHxpa
Ha npecTOix, rraaiianeiinbin nonexnxeieMX. MOCEOBCEaro ymiBepcn- xeTa, 6h.ix> xexorrkKx, yMHbin n o6pa30BaHHtin, ex. xapaKxepoMi., B036yiEX3'BuiHMx. 6o.ituioe yriarKeirie, n ex,. y61wK1a,eHÍHMH bx. x y x i
(f>paHn;y3CK0H ([ni.iocoiJniT. Bt. cbohxt, co'nmeHiíixi. oht. npoiiOBlpo-
Ba.n. .11060 Rb kt. ’le.iOBlaieCTBy, Heo6xo,i,HMOCTb rocnojjCTBa 3aiiOHa, odya^tiBaioiąaro Aecm mrjjn., ii „CBOÓo;i,y bt. pasöiipaxeJbCTB'L Mirt-
híh“ , T.-e, CROÓopy H3CJii,a,0Baflia; r i aie ii^en oht. crap aaca BHy- maTb h CBoeiiy BOCiiiiTaHHHKy : nor,a,a A,iLT;caiiripy oblio tape m ític o 1 0 — 12 .tíítt., MypaEBCBi), saniLMaach ct. hhmt, pycCKHMT. a:ii,n;ojn,, BHTa.ii. ct. hhmt. codcTBeHHMa iipii.T.iHTecKiji coHHHema u paiia.i'i. eMy nepeno,i,iitb „9MH.ia“ Pycco, In d o m ia, MoHTecKtë (o bo.ibhocth
rpaaipaHCKOÍt) h t. n. 1).
9th BaiaHia, opHaiio, c,a,epaiiiBa.iHCB a orpamiMUBii.incb ppyrmm BoeiiHTai’c.iaMH, h npeai^e Bcero H. TI. Ca.iTBiKOBHMT.. Ero H30- dpaataioTT. ae.iOBfacoMT, poopuai. ii pe.iiuio3HbiMT. ; no c.TOBani.
I'piidoBCKaro, oht. „noaiiTa-ica aeaoBÍKOMT, yainiMT, n npoHHpa- Te.iBiiiiiM'B, T.-e. BecBMa TBcppo 3Ha.iT. npudeopm/H) uayuy, ho o pliiaxT. rocypapcTBeHHLix'B hmTut, 3Hame noBepxHOCTHoe,... pado.iiai- CTBOBa.iT. c-iyaaftHBiMT. n ayac^aica BnapiuiiMT. bt. neMii.iocn,“ ; aar haT. yripaB.ia.ia hmt. aceHa, a bt. .rkiaxT.—inicB.\!OBo;iMTe.ib. IIo cjiOBaMi. MaccoHa, Komptift 6bi.it. bt.. bhc.tïs ywre.iefi Be-iiniaro Knaaa, „r.iaB- Hoe .'«marie Ca.iTiJEOBa npn Be.i. KHH.íbaxT. cocroaao bt. tomt.,
bto6bi íifK'AOxpaHíiTi, hxt. Ott. ciiB03Horo Bfapa ii Ott. sacopema aie.iyiKa “. IIo Been BlpoaTHomi, CaaTHKOBT, He iimTu t Hmcaicoro ocoöeniiaio BaiaHia Ha yMCTBenHoe paaiaiTie CBoero BOcnHTaHHHKa,
*) „Mhx. Hhk. MypaBteBi 6h.ix npHMlspoMx bcíxt joCpojlsTeaeñ a liocał KapaM- 3HHa, bt. npo34, jiyïEiHMB y nací. mrcaTejieMb CBoero BpeMeHH. Oht. bmíctí ct Jla- rapnoMT HaxojMca npn BOCiiHTäHiir hmh. AaeKcaHjpa, njiaTH.ix janx CBoeMy Bfey h
MeTTaiT o HapojHofi cbo6o jí: upoimy» jyniy ero B03Mymaao cjiobo THpaHCTBO. Cboh
npaBH.ia nepejaax oht *eni, h ohh cjiaaaHCŁ HacaijieMX ero ceMeäciBa“. Iíiireai., 3an. II, IV, 131 — 132. Cm. Taitæe P. Apx. 1866, ct. 111—113. Hp mioja aaiiHCiiw Bh- reaa, HaxojHMx HyatHHMT cjiaaTb o hhxt oroBopKy. Ohí Booöme iipejcraBjaioix hctoh-
hhkt, Kx KOTopoMy MoatHO oópaiHaibca tombo ct HeoxoToii: jo xaKOH CTeueHH ((jaab- uiHBT hxt TOHT Be3jí¡, r j t p iat EacaeTca ohíheh HanpaBjieHift h a»jeií He loro pas paba, kt KOTopoMy caMT aBTopx npHHajjieatajiT. 3aiiHCKH HecoBpeMeHHN onHCHBaeMHMb coÓHTÍaMT, h Bnre.ii. nojaoJKMX noji cbohpa3Csa3T iio;i;url,Hiniii toht 'ihiiobiimtccko- ßyarapHHCKOfi AiaronaM'f.peHHOCTM rpHjH,aiHxx h copoEOBHxx rojOBX, h 3jio6ho otho-
chjchko Bceay, aró He no.Txojn.ro hojx ero MÍpay. Ho oht Mnoroe bhjíjix hc.im- ina.TT, bt pa3caa3Í mhoio jiioóohhthhxt nojpoÓHOCTeii h mítkhxx iiaójwjeiiiH. 'Iiriaa
ero, Hajo noMHHTb, htooht orjuaaexca ocoóoii axxeHU,ieii bt cbohmt 3naK0MHMT, jo- raejmHMT iioc.il. jo BaatHHXT mhhort, hohtoo jikijhxt TorjauiHaro .infiepa.is.Haro Ha- npaBxeHia hmt ÓyjeTT CBa3aH0 Bce jypHoe, aTÓ MoatHo tojitko npHjyMaTb CBa3axb o
hhxt. BnpoaeMT, bt [iíkoto]ihxt oTjlijibnuxb cjiyaaaxb ero aie.ianua bhxojkh noiia- jaiOTb h bt iiacTOiimyn hI.ii..—CoBpeMeHHHKT Bnrejta, ó.ihhkoero iiHjamniH, JlHiipaHjH
ji.iaex'i. o6t ero 3aimcKaxT BecxMa KaTeropuaecBift otbbbt: Jinreai. HHca.iT „spa“; ero BocuoMHHaHÍa — „6o.ii.meio aacrin jiHrnT Hartojn, bhmhcjobth B3jopaa. Pyc. Ap-
XHBT, 1866, ct. 1247, 1426.
