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Guide for operation of cavitationtunnel, drainage pumps of experimental tanks and waste water

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EXPERIMENTAL TANKS AND WASTE WATER. 3 = 3 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = « = = R e p o r t N r . 1:16 S h i p b u i l d i n g L a b o r a t o r y . By I r MoG. M e i . j e r . A u g u s t 1 9 6 2 . INDEX. Ao I n t r o d u c t i o n . B. C a v i t a t i o n t u n n e l . 1 . H y d r a u l i c v a r i a t o r . 2 . E x t e n s i o n o f v e r t i c a l l e g s . 3 . F i l t e r s e c t i o n o k. S t o r a g e t a n k , w a t e r s u p p l y a n d d r a i n a g e . 4 . 1 . Use o f s t o r a g e t a n k . i f . 1 . 1 . V a l v e : d r a i n a g e " o p e n " ( w a t e r a f v o e r " o p e n " ) . 4 . 1 . 2 . V a l v e : d r a i n a g e " c l o s e d " ( w a t e r a f v o e r " d i c h t " ) . 4 . 1 . 3 . V a l v e : s u p p l y " o p e n " ( w a t e r o p v o e r " o p e n " ) . 4 . 1 . 4 . V a l v e : s u p p l y " c l o s e d " ( w a t e r o p v o e r " d i c h t " ) . 4 . 2 . R e p l a c e m e n t o f water» 4 . 3 . C o m p l e t e d r a i n a g e . - 5 „ H y d r o s t a t i c Joxu-nal B e a r i n g . 6 . W a t e r p u r i f i c a t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n . 7 . D e a e r a t i o n a n d vacuiun s y s t e m , 7 o 1 i D e a e r a t i o n . 712o V a c u u m s y s t e m . 7 . 2 . 1o D i s t r i b u t i o n p a n e l . 7 . 2 . 2 o Vacuümpomp. 7 . 2 . 3 . A u t o m a t i c vacuum c o n t r o l . 7 . 2 . 4 . O p e r a t i o n . 8 . F l o w pump o p e r a t i o n ("Stromingspomp")« 9 . W a r d - L e o n a r d s y s t e m . C. D r a i n a g e pump e x p e r i m e n t a l t a n k * . D. D r a i n a g e o f w a s t e w a t e r .

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2

-A. I n t r o d u c t i o n .

The D e l f t c a v i t a t i o n t u n n e l h a s b e e n b u i l t as a s c a l e f o r a much l a r g e r t u n n e l b y "Kempf u n d .Remmers", Hamburg.The t u n n e l was u s e d a t t h e N.G.M.B.-Wageningen f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e s y s t e m by| P r o f e s s o r v a n Lammeren f o r t h e e x c i t a t i o n o f a n o n - u n i f o r m v e l o c i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n . A f t e r h a v i n g a c c o m p l i s h e d t h i s t a n k , t h e t u n n e l was s o l d t o t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f D e l f t . The t u n n e l was d e s i g n e d f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n o f s h i p s ' m o d e l p r o p e l l e r s a t r e l a t i v e l y l o w R e y n o l d s n u m b e r s . Because o f t h e a p p l i . c a t i o n o f r a t h e r h i g h r o t a t i o n v e l o c i t i e s t h e s t a b i l i t y o f f l o w was l e s s i m p o r t a n t , m o r e o v e r a r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e c a v i t a t i o n number r e l a -t e d -t o -t h e i n f l o w v e l o c i -t y c o u l d b e a c c e p -t e d . I n t h e S h i p b u i l d i n g L a b o r a t o r y t h e n e e d was f e l t t o i n v e s t i g a t e h y d r o f o i l p r o f i l e s , i n w h i c h c a s e t h e f l o w c o n d i t i o n i s o f much more i m p o r t a n c e . I n t h e f i r s t p l a c e a much l o w e r c a v i t a t i o n number o f t h e m a i n f l o w i s r e q u i r e d . S e c o n d l y a l a r g e r v e l o c i t y i s neededo Of much i m p o r t a n c e , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h m o v i n g f o i l s i s , t h a t v e l o c i t y and c a v i t a t i o n number a r e c o n s t a n t a n d t h a t t h e y a r e n o t s u b j e c t e d t o p e r i o d i c v a r i a t i o n s . The r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e t u n n e l a r e much i n -c r e a s e d . When t h e L a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g was e x t e n d e d i n I 9 6 O - I 9 6 I , t h e o p p o r t u n i t y was u s e d t o i m p r o v e t h e c a v i t a t i o n t u n n e l a n d i n c r e a s e -1.1.:; ••.'^'.•y:.. ' : i ' l ; i ; ; i u i < : i ; ; . • • . . u ; • . r o o m s a t t h e f i r s t f l o o r a n d g r o u n d f l o o r a n d i n p a r t o f t h e c e l l a r b e n e a t h . I n t h e c e l l a r , m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , r o o m h a s b o e i f o u n d t o accommo» d a t e a l s o s e v e r a l o t h e r a u x i l i a r i e s a s t h e Ward L e o n a r d g e n e r a t o r f o r t h e p r o p u l s i o n o f t h e l a r g e r t o w i n g c a r r i a g e , a d r a i n a g e pump f o r b o t h e x p e r i m e n t a l t a n k s a n d t h e wave m a k e r v e n t i l a t o r . I n t h i s m a n u a l t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e d r a i n a g e pump a n d a s e t o f

w a s t e w a t e r pumps a r e i n c l u d e d , a s t h e i r u s e i s i n some r e s p e c t con-| n e c t e d w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n o f t h e c a v i t a t i o n t u n n e l .

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N o t e s w h i c h a r e o f v e i l u e f o r t h e i n v e s t i g a t o r u s i n g t h e c a v i t a -t i o n -t u n n e l . 1 ) . H y d r a u l i c v a r i a t o r . The o r i g i n a l 9- 8 t e p g e a r b o x w h i c h s e r v e d t o a l t e r t h e num-b e r o f r e v o l u t i o n s o f t h e a x i a l f l o w pump w h i c h i s d r i v e n num-by a 3 p h a s e A-C m o t o r , i a r e p l a c e d b y a h y d r a u l i c v a r i a t o r t o g i v e c o n t i n u o v . e l o c i t y c o n t r o l . I t s d a t a a r e : M a k e r : C a r t e r H y d r a u l i c Type : 6 A P o w e r : 20 h p . R e d u c t i o n : 1:0 t o 1:1 c o n t i n u o u s T o t a l t r a n s m i s s i o n o f V e e - d r i v e 3000r4).m t o 0 o r 700 r.^pom. S u p p l i e d b y : v . G e l d e r C i e . , R o t t e r d a m . The r e d u c t i o n i s a l t e r e d c o n t i n u o u s l y by means o f an e l e c - ! t r i e s e r v o m o t o r . O r i g i n a l l y t h e w h o l e r a n g e o f t h e v a r i a t o r was u s e d , b u t t h i s p r o v e d t o be i n e f f i c i e n t as a r e s u l t o f t h e d i f f e < r e n c e o f p u m p l o a d i n g w i t h t h e a l t e r a t i o n o f p a r t s o f t h e c i r c u i t By i n t e r c h a n . ' ^ i n g t h e s e c o n d a r y V e e - d r i v e d i s k s t h e r a n f s i s i n c r e a s e d , b u t as a r e s u l t i t i s now i m p o r t a n t t o t a k e e a r * t h a t t h e a l l o w e d c u r r e n t i n t h e p r o p u l s i o n m o t o r i a n o t e x c e e d e d The maximum v a l u e i s 2 8 A. The v a l u e o f t h e consumed c u r r e n t c a n be r e a d a t a c u r r e n t m e t e r w h i c h i s s i t u a t e d i n t h e l e f t h a n d p a n e l o f t h e FK-case i n t h e m e a s u r i n g - r o o m . The m e t e r i s e q u i p p a t w i t h a c o n t a c t w h i c h a c t i v a t e s a c l a x o n . The c l a x o n c a n be s w i t -c h e d o f f w i t h s w i t -c h n o . 13» -2 ) a E x t e n s i o n o f v e r t i c a l t u n n e l l e ^ s . The use o f v e r y l o w c a v i t a t i o n n u m b e r s i n t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n , o r i g i n a l l y c a u s e d c a v i t a t i o n o f t h e pumpimpeller« T h i s was e v i d e n t , as t h e v e l o c i t y f e l l o f f when t h e vacuum was i n c r e a s e d . A l s o t h e r e - e n t r a n c e o f c a v i t a t i o n b u b b l e s i n t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n was much t o o i n c o n v e n i e n t .

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- k . w i t h t h e e x t e n s i o n o f t h e l a b o r a t o r y b u i l d i n g , t h e s t a t i c head on t h e i o p e l l e r was r a i s e d by a d d i n g l o n g e r v e r t i c a l p a r t s t o t h e t u n n e l . F o r f i n a n c i a l r e a s o n s t h e l e n g t h e n i n g was r e s t r i c t e d . The l o w e r s e c t i o n s w i t h t h e p r o p u l s i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n was p l a -c e d p a r t e r r e , b u t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y was t a k e n i n t o a -c -c o u n t , t o make a l a t e r e x t e n s i o n down i n t o t h e c e l l a r . F o r t h i s r e a s o n i t i s a d -v i s a b l e t o k e e p t h e n e c e s s a r y s p a c e i n t h e c e l l a r f r e e . 3 «- F i l t e r s e c t i o n .

ïVith e a r l i e r e x p e r i m e n t s much i n c o n v e n i e n c e was met w i t h d i r t p a r t i c l e s w h i c h a t t a c h e d t o t h e m o d e l a t t h e s t a g n a t i o n podntJ o f t h e f l o w . I n o r d e r t o r e d u c e t h i s d i f f i c u l t y s o m e w h a t , a a m a l l p a r t o f t h e "downcomer" was made r e m o v a b l e w i t h a somewhat i n -c r e a s e d s e -c t i o n a l a r e a . I n t h i s p a r t a g a u z e f i l t e r was p l a -c e d w h i c h c a t c h e s most o f t h e d i r t . A p o s s i b l e a d v a n t a g e i s t h e p r o -p e r t y , t h a t a l s o a i r b u b b l e s a r e h e l d f o r some t i m e ; t h u s more a i r w i l l be r e s o l v e d i n t o t h e w a t e r . The i n c r e a s e d r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e c i r c u i t i e t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t . To be a b l e t o change o r c l s a n t h e f i l t e r e a s i l y , t h e a d j o i n i n g b e n d c o n t a i n i n g t h e p r o p u l s i o n pump c a n be l o w > i e a s i l y . ^9 « S t o r a g e t a n k , w a t e r j u p p l y and d r a i n a g e . F o r q u i c k i n t e r o h a n g e m e n t o f m o d e l s a n d f o r r e p a i r w o r k i n t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n , i n t h e c e l l a r a s t o r a g e t a n k was p l a c e d w i t h a c a p a c i t y o f 2 m^ (rv 5 0 0 n . >. g a l l o n s ) . The t r a n s p o r t o f t h e w a t e r t o a n d f r o m t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i a c o n t r o l e d b y e l e c t r i c a l l y o p e r a t e d p n e u m a t i c a l v a l v e s a n d a c e n -t r i f u g a l pump ( " o p v o e r p o m p " ) h r . v i n g a c a p a c i -t y o f 2k m'^/hour ( 6 5 0 0 U.S. g a l l / h . ) a n d a p r e s s u r e h e a d o f 1 5 » 5 m w a t e r ( 5 0 f t ) ( d r a w i n g n o . 6 0 3 8 2 - 2 b y Heemstede O b e l t N . V . ) . The a i r p r e s s u r e f o r t h e v a l v e s i s m a i n t a i n e d b y a c o m p r e s s o r ( s u p p l i e d b y v . Heemstede O b e l t N.V.) w h i c h s t a n d s b y c o n t i -n u o u s l y . 5

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-4 . 1 , Use o f s t o r a g e t a n k . W i t h n o r m a l u s e o f t h e s t o r a g e t a n k t h e s w i t c h m a r k e d : AVT/HAND a t F K - I 6 i n t h e c e l l a r m u s t be p o i n t e d a t : "HAND". The s w i t c h e s f o r o p e r a t i o n o f t h e s t o r a g e t a n k a r e s i t u a t e d a t : 1 ) . B o a r d F K - I 6 i n t h e c e l l a r . 2 ) , B o a r d FK i n t h e m e a s u r i n g r o o m . 3 ) . The o p e r a t i o n - d e s k i n t h e m e a s u r i n g r o o m . These t h r e e s w i t c h b o a r d s w o r k . n d e p e n d e n t l y f r o m e a c h o t h e r . The m a r k s n e a r t h e s w i t c h e s a n d s i g n - l a m p s a n d t h e i r f u n c t i o n s a r e l i s t e d b e l o w , ( s e e f i g u r e 1 ) . 4 . 1 . 1 . Drainnnc^ v a l v e o p e n . ( W a t e r a f v o e r " o p e n " ) . a ) . The m a g n e t i c v a l v e ( T ) i n t h e a i r s u p p l y c o n d u i t t o t h e p n e u m a t i c v a l v e @ o p e n s , w h i c h i n i t s t u r n o p e n s t h i s v a l -v ( g ) . b ) . The f i r s t m i c r o s w i t c h on v a l v e ( 5 ) c l o s e s a n d s i g n a l s v a l v e " o p e n " t o t h e p a n e l s . When t h e v a l v e t r a v e l s , b o t h s i g n s : " o p e n " a n d " d i c h t " ( c l o s e d ) a r e i l l u m i n a t e d , e ) . When v a l v e (2) i s f u l l y o p e n , m i c r o s w i t c h n r . 2 o p e n s a n d e x t i n g u i s h e s s i g n " d i c h t " ( c l o s e d " X d ) . W a t e r f r o m t h e t u n n e l f l o w s i n t o t h e s t o r a g e t a n k u n t i l t h e u p p e r f l o a t s w i t c h e s t h e m a g n e t i c v a l v e ( T ) t o c l o s e a g a i n a n d t o o p e n t o a t m o s p h e r i c p r e s s u r e . V a l v e ( g ) c l o s e s b y s p r i n g p r e s s u r e . e ) . The s e c o n d m i c r o s w i t c h o n v a l v e ( 2 ) i s c l o s e d a n d s i g n a l s v a l v e : " d i c h t " ( c l o s e d ) t o t h e p a n e l s . A f t e r t o t a l c l o s u r e o f v a l v e ( 2 ) t h e f i r a t m i c r o s w i t c h i s o p e n e d a g a i n a n d t h e s i g n a l v a l v e " o p e n " i s e x t i n g u i s h a d , w h i c h ends t h e o p e r a t i o n . T h u s , t h e d r a i n a g e i s o n d e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y when t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i s f u l l .

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6 -4 . 1 . 2 c D r a i n a g e valvfe c l o a f c d . ( . V a t e r a f v o e r " d i c h t " ) . The m a g n e t i c v a l v e ( ? ) i s c l o s e d a n d o p e n e d t o a t m o s p h e r i c | p r e s s u r e . V a l v e ( g ) i s c l o s e d by s p r i n g p r e s s u r e ( s e e 4 . 1 . 1 . d a n d e ) . By t h i s o p e r a t i o n d r a i n a g e i s s t o p p e d m a n u a l l y , v f h i c h i s j n e c e s s a r y when t h e s t o r a g e t a n k has n o t t o be t o t a l l y f u l l o r when t h e u p p e r f l o a t i s d e f e c t i v e . 4 . 1 . 3 c W a t e r s u p p l y v a l v e " o p e n " . ( V / a t e r o p v o e r a f s l u i t e r " o p e n " ) . a ) . The m o t o r o f t h e s u p p l y p u m p( 4) i s s t a r t e d a n d t h e s i g n : "opv. p " i s i l l u m i n a t e d . b ) . The m a g n e t i c v a l v e ( 5 ) i n t h e a i r c o n d u i t t o t h e p n e u m a t i c v a l v e ( 6 ) c o n n e c t s t h i s v a l v e w i t h t h e c o m p r e s s e d a i r } v a l v e ( 6 ) o p e n s . c ) . The f i r s t s w i t c h on v a l v e ( 6 ) c l o s e s a n d s i g n a l s : " o p e n " t o t h e p a n e l s . d ) . '.Vhen v a l v e (D i s f u l l y open t h e s e c o n d s w i t c h i s o p e n e d , w h i c h e x t i n g u i s h e d s i g n : " d i c h t " ( c l o s e d ) .

e ) o The w a t e r i s now pumped o u t o f t h e s t o r a g e t a n k t o t h e c a -v i t a t i o n t u n n e l u n t i l t h e minimum f l o a t s w i t c h e s t h e pump o f f ; t h e s i g n : " o p v . p'.' i s e x t i n g u i s h e d a n d t h e m a g n e t i c v a l v e( 5 )i n t h e a i r c o n d u i t i s c l o s e d t o h i g h p r e s s u r e a n d o p e n e d t o a t m o s p h e r e . Now v a l v e ( 6 )c l o s e s = f ) . The s e c o n d s w i t c h on v a l v e ( 6 )c l o s e s when t h e t r a v e l o f t h e membrane b e g i n s , w h i c h i l l u m i n a t e s s i g n : " d i c h t " ( c l o s e d ) . The f i r s t s w i t c h o p e n s when t h e v a l v e i s c l o s e d a n d e x t i n -g u i s h e d s i -g n " o p e n " on t h * p a n e l s . T h u s , t h e w a t e r s u p p l y s t o p s a u t o m a t i c a l l y when t h e s t o r a -ge t a n k i s e m p t y . N o t e : A t t h e t i m e o f w r i t i n g o f t h i s r e p o r t , t h e l o w e r Cfciinimum")| f l o a t h a s n e v e r o p e r a t e d p r o p e r l y a s i t s p o s i t i o n i s t o o l o w a n d i t s c a s e i s t o o n a r r o w . When t h e t a n k i s n e a r l y a m i t y , a i r i s s u c k e d i n t o t h e pump a n d t h e w a t e r f l o w i s s t o p p e d , w i t h o u t c l o s u r e o f t h e v a l v e a n d s t o p p i n g o f t h e pump. B o t h f l o a t c a s e s p r o v e d t o be t o o n a r r o w , _ 7 _ • ;

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4.1.4, S u p p l y v a l v e c l o s e d . ( A f s l u i t e r w a t e r o p v o e r " d i c h t " ) . See 4.1,3. e a n d f . T h i s k n o b i s u s e d when t h e t u n n e l i s f u l l b e f o r e t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i s e m p t y , o r when t h e "minimum" f l o a t i s d e f e c t i v e . 4.2. R e p l a c e m e n t o f w a t e r . S u p p l y o f f r e s h w a t e r t o t h e e m p t y s y s t e m o c c u r s b y way o f t h e m a n u a l v a l v e ( S ) w h i c h i s s i t u a t e d n e a r t h e c e i l i n g o f t h e c e l l a r . A f t e r o p e n i n g o f t h i s v a l v e , w a t e r e n t e r s f r e e l y i n t o t h e s t o r a g e t a n k . Whsn t h c w a t e r s u r f a c e r e a c h e s t h e l o w e r f l o a t ( 7 ) t h e s u p -p l y -p u m -p ( 4 ) a n d t h e s u -p -p l y v a l v e a r e d e b l o c k e d a n d c a n b e -p u t i n t o s e r v i c e w i t h t h e k n o b : " o p v o e r a f s l u i t e r o p e n " . The t r a n s -: i o r t o f w a t e r f r o m t h e s t o r a g e t a n k t o t h o t u n n e l o c c u r s much f a s t e r t h a n t h e s u p p l y o f f r e s h w a t e r , s o t h a t t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i s e m p t i e d p e r i o d i c a l l y . W i t h a g o o d w o r k i n g l o w e r f l o a t , t h e t r a n s p o r t i s s t o p p e d r e l a t i v e l y s o o n . (See 4.1,3, e a n d f ) . The f i l l i n g o f t h e t a n k w i t h f r e s h w a t e r t a k e s some 20 m i n u t e s , w h e r e a s t h e t r a n s p o r t w i t h open v a l v e ( 3 ) t a k e s some 7 m i -n u t e s a -n d 5 m i -n u t e s w i t h c l o s e d f r e s h -water s u p p l y . For a c o m p l e t e r e f i l l o f t h e t u n n e l , a b o u t 3 t i m e s t h e v o l u m e o f t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i s n e e d e d . I n o r d e r t o e n s u r e a s m o o t h r e f i l l , an a u t o m a t i c p e r i o d i c s u p p l y s y s t e m was d e s i g n e d . ( I t ' s p o s s i b l e o p e r a t i o n d e p e n d s u p o n i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e f l o a t s ) The s u p p l y s w i t c h i n t h e c e l l a r o n p a n e l FK I 6 h a s now t o be s e t o n " o u t " . I n t h i s c a s e t h e u p p e r f l o a t w i l l o p e r a t e t h e s u p p l y pump a n d t h e s u p p l y v a l v e e a c h t i m e t h e s t o r a g e t a n k i s f u l l . When t h e t u n n e l i s f u l l : a ) . The s u p p l y pump h a s t o be s t o p p e d ( s e e 4 , 1 . 4 . ) , b ) o t h e f r e s h w a t e r s u p p l y v a l v e ( 8 )h a s t o be c l o s e d , c ) . t h e s w i t c h o n FK I 6 h a s t o be s e t b a c k i n t h e p o s i t i o n " h a n d " . 8

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8 -ko3o C o m p l e t e d r a i n a g e . When t h e t u n n e l has t o be e m p t i e d , t h e m a n u a l v a l v e @ i n t h e c o n d u i t t o t h e s e w e r m u s t be o p e n e d . To e m p t y t h e s t o r a g e t a n k , t h e s u p p l y pump © h a s t o be p u t i n use w i t h o p e n s e w e r v a l v e ( g ) » 3° H y d r o s t a t i c . j o u r n a l b e a r i n p ; . Aa t h e c a v i t a t i o n number i n t h e t u n n e l was d i s t u r b e d b y a 4 . 3 c / s e c . d i s t u r b a n c e , w h i c h was t h o u g h t p o s s i b l y t o o r i g i n a t e i n t h e l o u d l y r e s o u n d i n g r u b b e r j a l b e a r i n g o f t h e a x i a l f l o w pvüssp s i t u a t e d j u s t i u f r o n t o f i l i a i m p e l l e r , t h e r u b b e r b e a r i a g was i n t e r c h a n g e d b y a m o d e r n h y d r o s t a t i c b e a r i n g w i t h c a p i l l a r y com-p e n s a t i o n , w h i e h was made a t t h e own w o r k s h o com-p ( s e e d r a w i n g n o . 8 9 6 )

The p r e s s u r e f o r t h e b e a r i n g i s m a i n t a i n e d b y a g e a r ptunp: M a n u f a c t u r e r : Maag - Z u r i c h T y p e : HP 3 5 C a p a c i t y : 6 l / m i n . a t 12 kg/cm^ a n d 720 r.p.m. Max. r . p . m . : I50O Max. p r e s s u r e w i t h w a t e r :' ^ 3 0 kg/cm^ S u p p l i e r : P l a i s i e r - Den Haag.

The p r e v e n t s h a f t a n d b e a r i n g f r o m damage when t h e h y d r o s t a -t i c p r e s s u r e f a l l s o u -t , s e v e r a l s e c u r i -t i e s a r e i n c o r p o r a -t e d i n t h e c i r c u i t o f t h e pump: a ) . A f i l t e r t o p r e v e n t t h e c a p i l l a r i e s f r o m s t o p p i n g u p . b ) . An a i r v e s s e l t o g e t a r e t a r d a t i o n i n t h e d e c r e a s e o f p r e s s u -r e i n t h e b e a -r i n g , ao t h a t s u f f i c i e n t p -r e s s u -r e i s m a i n t a i n e d d u r i n g t h e s l o w i n g down p e r i o d o f t h e i m p e l l e r . c ) . A d o u b l e p r e s s u r e s w i t c h w i t h t h e f u n c t i o n s :

1e. S t o p p i n g o f t h e a x i a l f l o w pump when t h e p r e s s u r e r e a c h e s a m i n i m u m v a l u e a n d r e s e t t i n g t h e v a r i a t o r . 2 e . B l o c k i n g t h e a x i a l f l o w pump d u r i n g t h e t i m e t h a t t h e p r e s s u r e i n t h e a i r v e s s e l i s i n s u f f i c i e n t . d ) . As a c h e c k i n b o t h t u n n e l r o o m s a m a n o m e t e r i s p l a c e d a g a i n s t t h e w a l l ; t h e s e m e a s u r e t h e h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e a t t h a i n -f l o w end o -f t h e c a p i l l a r i e s . T h i s p r e s s u r e m u s t a m o u n t t o 12 o r 15 a t m o s p h e r e s . 9

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The s w i t c h .vhich o p e r a t e s t h e h i g h p r e s s u r e pump i s s i t u a -t e d on -t h e FK p a i n e l i n -t h e m e a s u r i n g r o o m . ( 1 s -t f l o o r ) . 60 W a t e r p u r i f i c a t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n . I n o r d e r t o c l e a n t h e w a t e r a n d t o d e c r e a s e c o r r o s i o n i n t h e t u n n e l , a p u r i f i c a t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n i s p l a c e d i n t h e c e l l a r , w h i c h c o n s i s t s o f : 6 , 1 . 1 , A f i l t e r v e s s e l t y p e M 6. M a n u f a c t u r e d b y : N e d e r l a n d s e I V a t e r z u i v e r i n g s M i j . , A m s t e r d a m . F i l t e r m a t e r i a l : D o l o m i t e . 6 , 1, 2 o A " W a a s e r k n e c h t " p i s t o n pump t y p e WL 2 5 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r e r : Loewe. S u p p l i e r : V i h a m i j , A r n h e m , The w a t e r i s d r a i n e d o f f a t t h e n o r m a l d r a i n a g e c o n d u i t o f t h e t u n n e l a n d i s r e t u r n e d i n t h e upcomer j u s t a b o v e t h e f i r s t b e n d o f t h e t u n n e l . I t i s h o p e d , t h a t a s l o w c i r c u l a t i o n i s i n d u -c e d i n t h e t u n n a l d u r i n g t h e p u r i f i -c a t i o n . The w a t e i be p u r i f i e d d u r i n g n o r m a l t u n n e l o p e r a t i o n , b u t p r e s s u r e d i s t u r b a n c e s o c c u r , c a u s e d b y t h e p i s t o n pump. 6,2, R i n s i n g , The f i l t e r v e s s e l m u s t be r i n s e d e a c h m o n t h i n o r d e r t o g e t r i d o f s o i l a n d t o p r e v e n t t h e m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o p p i n g u p o f t h * u p p e r l a y e r . For t h i s o p e r a t i o n t h e v a l v e i n t h e r e t u r n c o n d u i t t o t h e t u n n e l i s c l o s e d a n d t h e w a s t e w a t e r i s d r a i n e d t o t h e w a s t e wa-t e r p i wa-t v i a a h o s e . N o t e ; The s u p p l y o f w a s t e w a t e r t o t h e p i t i s t o o l a r g e t o be d r a i n e d o f f b y one pump. When t h e w a t e r i n t h e p i t r e a c h e d a c e r -t a i n l e v e l , a c l a x o n i n -t h e l a b o r a -t o r y i s s o u n d e d a n d a -t -t h e S M H t i m e t h e s e c o n d pump s t a r t s w o r k i n g . I t i s n e c e s s a r y t h a t somebo-| dy i s p r e s e n t t o s i l e n c e t h e c l a x o n a n d t o t a k e c a r e t h a t t h e p i t i s n o t f l o o d e d .

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1 0

-6 , 3 o D o l o n i t e c o n s u m p t i o n .

The d o l o m i t e i s consumed g r a d u a l l y , so once a y e a r f i l l i n g up i s n e c e s s a r y . 7 o D e a e r a t i o n a n d vacuum s y s t e m . I n t h e d e a e r a t i o n a n d vacuum s y s t e m s e v e r a l change h a v e b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d s i n c e t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l a t i o n o f t h e t u n n e l . 7 . 1 . D e a e r a t i o n . A g o o d d r a i n a g e o f a i r b u b b l e s i s p r o m o t e d b y t h e c o n s t r u c -t i o n o f domes a -t -t h r e e p o i n -t s w h i c h a r e h i g h w i -t h r e s p e c -t -t o -t h e i r s u r r o u n d i n g s : a ) . A t t h e l o w e r c o n d u i t n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e d i f f u s e r b e h i n d t h e a x i a l f l o , ; pump. b ) . A t t h e w i d e b e n d i n f r o n t o f t h e c o n t r a c t i o n t o t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n . T h i s i s t h e p l a c e o f t h e o r i g i n a l dome. c ) o A t t h e end o f t h e h o r i z o n t a l d i f f u s e r b e h i n d t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n .

The domes a ) a n d b ) a r e c o n n e c t e d w i t h dome c ) b y r i s i n g c o n d u i t s . The l a t t e r dome b e i n g t h e one w i t h t l i e l o w e s t s t a t i c p r e s -s u r e , i n w h i c h a l l b u b b l e -s a r e a -s -s e m b l e d . I t i s p l a n n e d t o c o n n e c t t h e i n f l o w s i d e o f t h e h y d r o s t a t i c b e a r i n g pump a l s o w i t h dome c ) i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t a i r f r o m e n t e -r i n g t h e h i g h p -r e s s u -r e piunp. 7 . 2 . Vacuum s y s t e m . 7 . 2 . 1 . D i s t r i b u t i o n p a n e l . The dome ( 7 < ' 1 < ' c ) w i t h t h e l o w e s t p r e s s u r e i s c o n n e c t e d b y means o f t w o c o n d u i t s w i t h a d i s t r i b u t i o n p a n e l w i t h 6 v a l v e s . I n one o f t h e c o n d u i t s a p r e s s u r e v a n t i s p l a c e d t o p r e v e n t t h e t u n -n e l f r o m o v e r l o a d i -n g . 1 1

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-7 o 2 o 2 o Vacuum puiapo

The d i s t r i b u t i o n p a n e l i s c o n n e c t e d w i t h t h e vacuum pump v i a an a i r v e s s e l . P a r t i c u l a r s o f t h e pump a r e :

Make: L e y b o l d - C o l o g n e . T y p e : VP 2 .

C a p a c i t y : 2 m V b . Power: 2 0 0 W.

The o i l must be changed once a month and e a c h time when t h e pump i s f l o o d e d . A i r v e s s e l and pump a r e s i t u a t e d a g a i n s t t h e w a l l i n t h e m e a s u r i n g s e c t i o n . The a i r v e s s e l s e r v e s t o p r e v e n t

t h e pump from f l o o d i n g . I t must be d r a i n e d o f f r e g u l a r l y .

7 . 2. 5 . A u t o m a t i c vacuum c o n t r o l .

At t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n p a n e l a t r a n s d u c e r f o r a u t o m a t i c vacuum c o n t r o l i s p l a c e d , made by van E s s e n - D e l f t .

T h i s i s a s i m p l e p r e s s u r e s w i t c h w h i c h i n p r i n c i p l e i s meant f o r a i r . The t r a n s d u c e r c a n be c o n n e c t e d w i t h dome 7 « 1 o c w i t h one o f t h e two a f o r e m e n t i o n e d c o n d u i t s i n • • -'oh two c o n d e n s i n g v e s s e l s a r e p l a c e d t o deep t h e t a d u c e r f r e e o f w a t e r . The c o n -d e n s i n g v e s s e l s a r e s i t u a t e -d a t t h e s i -d e s o f t h e t u n n e l i n t h e l o w e r t u n n e l room} t h e y must be d r a i n e d o f f r e g u l a r l y .

7 . 2 . 4 . O p e r a t i o n .

The vacuum pump c a n be o p e r a t e d :

a . A t t h e c o n t r o l deak ( B L ) by means o f a t u r n i n g s w i t c h s i g n a d i " a u t " ( a u t o m a t i c ) , " u i t " ( s t o p ) and "hand" ( m a n u a l ) .

b. A t t h e p a n e l FK a g a i n a t t h e w a l l by means o f two s w i t c h e s Marked " a u t " and "hand",

./hen t h e c o n t r o l d e s k i s o u t o f u s e , t h e knobs a t t h e p a n e l a r e u s e d : t h e t u r n i n g o f knob " a u t " s t a r t s t h e vacuum pump u n t i l a c e r t a i n p r e s s u r e i s r a a c h e d , w h i c h i s p r e s e n t on t h e t r a n s d u c e r .Vhen a l a r g e r r a n g e i s n e e d e d , knob "hand" i s u s e d , '.'/ben t h e c o n -t r o l d e s k i s u s e d , b o -t h knobs on -t h e p a n e l mus-t be -t u r n e d i n .

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-- 12

o 8 o Flow pump o p e r a t i o n Cfetromingspomp").

B e f o r e t h e a x i a l f l o w pump ( t u n n e l w a t e r p r o p u l s i o n ) c a n be s t a r t e d , t h e h y d r o s t a t i c b e a r i n g must be p r e s s u r i z e d ( s e e 5 ) . A l l i s c l e a r whan t h e r e d l i g h t above t h e " s t o p " knob on t h e d e s k i s e x -t i n g u i s h e d and when -t h e manome-ter a -t -t h e d e s k p o i n -t s a -t abou-t 1 2

a t m o s p h e r e s ( t h e p r e s s u r i n g t a k e s about 3 t o 1 0 «inutes d e p e n d i n g on t h e amount o f a i r i n t h e a i r v e s s e l ) . Up t o t h i s moment, t h e p r o p u l -s i o n motor i -s e l e c t r i c a l l y b l o c k e d .

The a x i a l flow pump c a n be s t a r t e d by means o f t h e knobs "V" ( V o o r u i t « f o r e w a r d ) o r "A" ( A c h t e r u i t = b a c k w a r d ) on t h e p a n e l FK o r on t h e c o n t r o l d e s k . S t o p p i n g i s done by p r e s s i n g knob 0 w h i c h i s s i t u a t e d between t h e knobs "V" and "A".

The v e l o c i t y o f t h e f l o w i s c o n t r o l e d by t h e knobs marked " S " ( S n e l l e r = f a s t e r ) o r " L " (Langzomer = s l o w e r ) w h i c h c o n t r o l t h e r e d u c t i o n o f t h e h y d r a u l i c v a r i a t o r . The extreme c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e v a -r i a t o -r ^ -r e e l e c t -r i c a l l y b l o c k e d . When t h e c o n d i t i o n s a -r e -r e a c h e d , t h ^ ^ c t i v e s i g n a l l a a p s w h i c h were i l l u m i n a t e d a t t h e moment when t h e knob was p r e s s e d , a r e e x t i n g u i s h e d . The s i g n a l l a i a p s above t h e knobs "V" and "A" a r e i l l u m i n a t e d when t h e motor r u n s i n t h e a c -c o r d i n g d i r e -c t i o n . 9. Ward L e o n a r d S y s t e m . I n t h e c e l l a r a "Ward L e o n a r d " t y p e c o n v e r t e r i s i n s t a l l e d f o r c o n L r o l l e d D.G. s u p p l y t o a u x i l i a r y m o t o r s i n u s e w i t h t h e c a v i t a -t i o n -t u n n e l . I -t c o n s i s -t s o f a -t h r e e p h a s e A.C. mo-tor ( 3 5 o V) a L e o n a r d g e n e r a t o r and a f i e l d g e n e r a t o r . A s e c o n d , l a r ^ ; : c o n v e r t e r c o n s i s t i n g o f two u n i t s , l i k e w i s e p l a c e d i n t h e c e l l a r .sr j p l i e s c u r -r e n t t o t h e l a -r g e t o w i n g c a -r -r i a g e . The s m a l l e r i n s t a l l a t i o n c a n a u p p l y D.C. motors o f up t o 3 hp. The f i e l d g e n e r a t o r c a n s u p p l y 1 0 A a t 2 2 0 V t e n s i o n . The c o n v e r t e r i s s t a r t e d by t u r n i n g a A - ^ s w i t c h on t h e r i g h t s i d e o f t h e middle FK p a n e l s . The A p o s i t i o n o f t h e s w i t c h i s p a s s e d d u r i n g t h e t u r n i n g o f t h e s w i t c h and c a n n o t be m a i n t a i n e d o The s t a n d by c o n d i t i o n o f t h e c o n v e r t e r i s s i g n a l e d on t h e r i g h t FK p a n e l i n t h e m e a a u r i n g room and on t h e c o n t r o l d e s k . 1 3

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-The motor w h i c h h a s t o be s u p p l i e d i s c o n n e c t e d below t h e l e f t hand s i d e o f t h e FK c a s e . Two motors c a n be c o n n e c t e d s i m u l t a n u o u s -l y b u t o n -l y s e p a r a t e u s e i s p o s s i b -l e .

The motors a r e c o n t r o l l e d o n l y a t t h e c o n t r o l d e s k , on w h i c h a r e found a p o t e n t i o m e t e r k n o b f o r s p e e d c o n t r o l , a s w i t c h marked

" L " and "R" f o r c h o i c e o f t h e d i r e c t i o n t u r n i n g and a s w i t c h marked " I " and " I I " f o r t h e c h o i c e o f motor. A l s o on t h e c o n t r o l d e s k a c u r r e n t meter and a t a c h o m e t e r a r e p l a c e d . With t h e knob marked "15OO" a s e p a r a t e r a n g e o f a q u a r t e r o f t h e maximum r a n g e c a n be a p p l i e d on t h e t a c h o m e t e r d i a l .

The normal - ige i s 6.000 r.p.m. w i t h t h e u s e o f a 3 p h a s e t r a n s d u c e r g e n e r a t o r w i t h a s e n s i t i v i t y o f about 2 0 V a t 1.000 r.pm. C. D r a i n a g e pump e x p e r i m e n t a l t a n k s . I n t h e c e l l a r an e x t r a d r a i n a g e piunp i s p l a c e d f o r umo w i t h t h e two e x p e r i m e n t a l t a n k s . B e f o r e t h e pump i s s t a r t e d , t h e v a l v e t o t h e s e w e r h a s t o be opened a s w a l l a s t h e v a l v e c o n n e c t i n g t h e pump w i t h t h e t a n k t o be d r a i n e d o f f . The pu i s o p e r a t e d by p r e s s i n g knobs en t h e r i g h t s i d e o f t h e FK I 6 p a n e l i n t h e c e l l a r . I n t h e c o n d u i t s t o t h e tanke^ e l e c t r o d e s a r o p l a c e d f o r a u t o m a t i c a l l y s t o j - i n g o f t h e pump whon one o f b o t h t a n k s i s empty. N o t e :

When t h e pump r e f u s e s t o s t a r t , t h e r e a s o n c a n be t h a t one o f t h e e l e c t r o d e s i s d r y . A s h o r t p e r i o d o f o p e n i n g o f b o t h v a l v e s t o t h e t a n k s w i l l s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m .

D. D r a i n a g e o f w a s t e w a t e r .

The w a s t e w a t e r pumps i n the c e l l a r a r e o p e r a t e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y by e l e c t r o d e s dependant on t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e s w i t e h on t h e n e a r -by p a n e l : 1 p o s i t i o n 1: The r i g h t pianp s e p a r a t e l y i n u s e . p o s i t i o n 3 : The l e f t pump s e p a r a t e l y i n u s e p o s i t i o n 2 : ( N o r m a l ) Both pumps a l t e r n a t i v e l y i n u s e . - ^k

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14

-I n t h i s l a s t p o s i t i o n t h * o p e r a t i o n i s a s f o l l o w s !

When t h e l e v e l i n t h e p i t r e a c h e s t h * f i r s t * l e c t r o d e , on* o f t h * pumps comes a t work. I s t h e l e v e l below a c e r t a i n h i g h t , t h e pump s t o p s . Does t h * w a t a r r i s * a g a i n t o t h e p r i o r l e v e l , t h e s e c o n d pump w i l l now do t h e work»

When one o f t h e pumps h a s i n s u f f i c i e n t c a p a c i t y t o d r a i n t h e i n c o m i n g w a t e r , t h * l e v e l r i a e s t o a t h i r d h i g h t wher* t h * r e a t i n g pump i s a t a r t e d t o a i d t h e o t h e r . o A t t h e same time a r o d s i g n a l i s i l l u m i n a t e d i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y h a l l and a l o u d c l a x o n i s soundedo The n o i s e oan b* c u t o u t by p r e s s i n g a knob on t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d p a n e l s

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3 M A X . V L O T T E R M A X . F L O A T 4 MOTOR MOTOR 5 M A G N E E T A F S L U I T E R M A G N E T I C V A L V E 6 P N E U M A T I S C H E A F S L U I T E R P N E U M A T I C V A L V E 7 MIN. V L O T T E R MIN. F L O A T S K R A A N S T O P . C O C K 9 H A N D A F S L U I T E R N A A R RIOOL V A L V E S E W E R 10 C E N T R I F U G A A L P O M P C E N T R I F U G A L P U M P 11 L U C H T C O M P R E S S O R A I R C O M P R E S S O R 12 O P S L A G T A N K S T O R A G E T A N K 13 C A V I T A T I E T U N N E L C A V I T A T I O N T U N N E L 14 O N T L U C H T I N G A I R V E N T I E L I S V U I L V / A T E R P U T W E L L 16 H A N D A F S L U I T E R D R A I N . C O C K . 17 Z E E F S I E V E 1 Ij A A N S L U I T I N G W A T E R Z U I V E R I N G CONNECTION F I L T E R 19 MANGAT M A N H O L E S C H E M A W A T E R O P S L A G . S C H E M E W A T E R - S U P P L Y FIG. 1

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1 2 3 4 5 FILTER POMP ONTLUCHTING A A N S L U I T I N G CAV. TUNNEL FILTER PUMP AIR VENTIEL

CONNECTION CAV. TUNNEL

SCHEMA F I L T E R

SCHEME F I L T E R

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A. V a c u u m - k t f t e l B: V o n S l y k e . a p p o r o a è C : O v e r l o o p o f s l u i k o r D : D r i j v e n d e p l a n k E : S t a l e n p l o a l Vacuum v e s s e l V . S l . a i r conlent m9\tr \ O v e r H o w valv« F l o a t R e s ^ r i c h n q p l a l e F: O n t l u c h H n q s l c i d i n ^ c n D e a i r a H o n t u b e s G: C o n d c n s r e s f f r v o i r s Condens'in<^ v e s s e l s

® Vasto v c r b i n d i n ^ o n Parwananï connections • A f t a k p u n t e n Connection l a p s

S C H E M A V A S T E L E I D I N G E N S C H E M E P E R M A N E N T T U B E S

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M

Link* nd:

1 2 3 ^ 5 6 • • • •

0

N

|-1

0

n

K no: m a n o m a t c r ^ : D r u k a u k o m a o t K : N o a l d o f s l u i l e r s L : D r i c w a g k r a a n M: R e s e r v e x u t g v a l MCCVJ. m a n o m e t e r V o c u u m control t r a n s d u c e r V a l v e s 3 - w a y c o c k V a c u u m v e s s e l N : Z u K j v a k v o o r o n H u c W i n q m e c H e l d i n q e n V a c u u m v e s s e l f o r d e a i r a l i o n of 0 : D r i e w e c j k r a a n 3 . w a y cock manometer l u b e s

P

: A o n s l u l l p u n l e n m e e H e i d i n q c n Cowneclion

laps for manometer _

lubes.

SCHEMA MANOMETERPEK

SCHEME MANOMETERRACK

Cytaty

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