ɊɍɋɋɄɂȿ ȽɅȺȽɈɅɖɇɕȿ ɈɆɈȽɊȺɎɕ THE RUSSIAN VERBAL HOMOGRAPHS
ȿɀɂ ɄȺɅɂɒȺɇ
ABSTRACT. The article is devoted to the study of Russian verbal homographs such as ɢ̅ɤɚɬɶ – ɢɤɚ̅ɬɶ, ɧɚɫɵ̅ɩɚɬɶ – ɧɚɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɛɟ̅ɥɢɬɟ – ɛɟɥɢ̅ɬɟ. The author thoroughly investigates all kinds of verbal homographic oppositions existing in contemporary Russian.
Jerzy Kaliszan, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, PoznaĔ – Polska.
ɋɪɟɞɢ ɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫ ɪɚɡ-ɧɨɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɟɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɮɨɪɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɵ, ɢɦɟ-ɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɢ̅ɪɢɫ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫ, ɢ̅ɪɢɫɚ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫɚ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨ̅ɩɚɫɬɶ (ɫɭɳ.) – ɩɪɨɩɚ̅ɫɬɶ (ɝɥɚɝ.), ɷɥɟ̅ɤɬɪɢɤ (ɫɭɳ.) – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ̅ɤ (ɩɪɢɥ.), ɞɨɪɨ̅ɝɨɣ (ɧɚɪɟɱ.) ‘ɜ ɩɭ-ɬɢ’ – ɞɨɪɨɝɨ̅ɣ (ɩɪɢɥ.), ɧɨ̅ɲɭ (ɫɭɳ.) – ɧɨɲɭ̅ (ɝɥɚɝ.), ɦɨ̅ɸ (ɝɥɚɝ.) – ɦɨɸ̅ (ɦɟɫɬ.), ɝɨ̅-ɪɵ – ɝɨɝɨ̅-ɪɵ̅, ɫɚ̅ɞɭ – (ɜ) ɫɚɞɭ̅, ɞɟ̅ɥɢɬɟ – ɞɟɥɢ̅ɬɟ1. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɡɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢ̅ɪɢɫ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫ, ɢ̅ɪɢɫɚ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫɚ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɚɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ; ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɨ̅ɩɚɫɬɶ – ɩɪɨɩɚ̅ɫɬɶ, ɷɥɟ̅ɤɬɪɢɤ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ̅ɤ, ɧɨ̅ɲɭ – ɧɨɲɭ̅, ɦɨ̅ɸ – ɦɨɸ̅ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɛ-ɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ; ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɨ̅ɪɵ – ɝɨɪɵ̅, ɫɚ̅ɞɭ – (ɜ) ɫɚɞɭ̅, ɞɟ̅ɥɢɬɟ – ɞɟɥɢ̅ɬɟ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɨɦɨɝɪɚ-________________ 1 ȼ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɪɟɞɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɢɚɞɵ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɜɵ̅ɜɨɞɢɬɟ – ɜɵɜɨ̅ɞɢɬɟ – ɜɵɜɨɞɢ̅ɬɟ, ɜɵ̅ɜɨɡɢɬɟ – ɜɵɜɨ̅ɡɢɬɟ – ɜɵɜɨɡɢ̅ɬɟ, ɜɵ̅ɧɨɫɢɬɟ – ɜɵɧɨ̅ɫɢɬɟ – ɜɵɧɨɫɢ̅ɬɟ, ɜɵ̅ɯɨɞɢɬɟ – ɜɵɯɨ̅ɞɢɬɟ – ɜɵɯɨɞɢ̅ɬɟ, ɨɤɪɭ̅ɝɚ ‘ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ’ – ɨ̅ɤɪɭɝɚ (ɪɨɞ. ɟɞ. ɤ ɨ̅ɤɪɭɝ) – ɨɤɪɭɝɚ̅ (ɢɦ./ɜɢɧ. ɦɧ. ɤ ɨ̅ɤɪɭɝ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɟ, ɚ ɞɜɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ – ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɟɦɟ.
ɮɚɦɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɇɟɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ – ɝɪɚɦ-ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ2. ȼ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇ.ɉ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɚ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ – ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ3. ɂɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ – ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ: ɢ̅ɪɢɫ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫ, ɢ̅ɪɢɫɚ – ɢɪɢ̅ɫɚ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭ̅ɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ – ɭɝɨ̅ɥɶɧɵɯ, ɝɨ̅ɪɵ – ɝɨɪɵ̅, ɫɚ̅ɞɭ – ɫɚɞɭ̅, ɞɟ̅ɥɢɬɟ – ɞɟɥɢ̅ɬɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ – ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɦɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ: ɩɪɨ̅ɩɚɫɬɶ – ɩɪɨ-ɩɚ̅ɫɬɶ, ɷɥɟ̅ɤɬɪɢɤ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢ̅ɤ, ɞɨɪɨ̅ɝɨɣ – ɞɨɪɨɝɨ̅ɣ, ɧɨ̅ɲɭ – ɧɨɲɭ̅, ɦɨ̅ɸ – ɦɨɸ̅. ɇɚɲɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ ɜ ɫɨ-ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ, ɢɡ-ɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ4, ɡɚɣɦɟɦɫɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ. 1. Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɜ ɢɯ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ – ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɪɟ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ʉ ɞɚɧ-ɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɚ̅ɝɪɢɬɶ ‘ɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɛɚɝɪɨɦ’ – ɛɚɝɪɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɛɚɝɪɹɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ’, ɢ̅ɤɚɬɶ ‘ɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ’ – ɢɤɚ̅ɬɶ ‘ɨɛ ɢɤɨɬɟ’, ɩɚ̅ɪɢɬɶ ‘ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɚɪɚ’ – ɩɚɪɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɥɟɬɟɬɶ’, ɩɨɩɚ̅ɪɢɬɶ (ɤ ɩɚ̅ɪɢɬɶ) – ɩɨɩɚɪɢ̅ɬɶ (ɤ ɩɚ-ɪɢ̅ɬɶ), ɩɢɤɢ̅ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ‘ɨ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɟ’ – ɩɢɤɢɪɨɜɚ̅ɬɶ ‘ɩɟɪɟɫɚɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ’, ɬɪɭ̅-ɫɢɬɶ ‘ɛɨɹɬɶɫɹ’ – ɬɪɭɫɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɫɵɩɚɬɶ, ɬɪɹɫɹ’, ɫɬɪɭ̅ɬɪɭ̅-ɫɢɬɶ (ɤ ɬɪɭ̅ɬɪɭ̅-ɫɢɬɶ) – ɫɬɪɭɫɢ̅ɬɶ ________________ 2 Ⱥ.ɂ. Ɇ ɟ ɥ ɶ ɧ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɜ ɚ, Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɚɯ, „Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ” 1974, ʋ 4; ɟɟ ɠɟ, ɉɭɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, „Ɋɭɫ-ɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ” 1988, ʋ 4. 3 ɇ.ɉ. Ʉ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɫ ɧ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɜ, ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, [ɜ:] XII ɧɚ-ɭɱɧɚɹ ɫɟɫɫɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɚ. ɉɥɚɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɬɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ, Ɍɛɢɥɢɫɢ 1968. 4 Ⱥ.ɇ. Ɍ ɢ ɯ ɨ ɧ ɨ ɜ, ɋɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬ. 1–2, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2003; Ɇ.ȼ. 3 ɚ ɪ ɜ ɚ, Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɟ. ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2001; Ɉ.ɋ. Ⱥ ɯ ɦ ɚ -ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɦɨ-ɧɢɦɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1986; Ɍ.Ɏ. ȿ ɮ ɪ ɟ ɦ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɇɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɍɨɥɤɨɜɨ-ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɬ. 1–2, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2000; ɟɟ ɠɟ, ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɬ. 1–3, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2006; Ⱥ.ȼ. ȼ ɟ ɧ ɰ ɨ ɜ, ȿ.ȼ. Ƚ ɪ ɭ ɞ ɟ ɜ ɚ, ȼ.Ȼ. Ʉ ɚ ɫ ɟ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɋɚɧɤɬ--ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2004; ɇ.ɉ. Ʉ ɨ ɥ ɟ ɫ ɧ ɢ ɤ ɨ ɜ, ɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, Ɍɛɢɥɢɫɢ 1978; Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɂ ɚ ɥ ɢ ɡ ɧ ɹ ɤ, Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2008; Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ, ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ȼ. Ʌɨɩɚɬɢɧɚ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007.
(ɤ ɬɪɭɫɢ̅ɬɶ). ȼ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ (ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɯ) ɮɨɪɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ – ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ, ɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɢ̅ɤɚɬɶ – ɢɤɚ̅ɬɶ: ɢ̅ɤɚɸ – ɢɤɚ̅ɸ, ɢ̅ɤɚɟɲɶ – ɢɤɚ̅ɟɲɶ, ɢ̅ɤɚɟɬ – ɢɤɚ̅ɟɬ, ɢ̅ɤɚɟɦ – ɢɤɚ̅ɟɦ, ɢ̅ɤɚɟɬɟ – ɢɤɚ̅ɟɬɟ, ɢ̅̅ɤɚɸɬ – ɢɤɚ̅ɸɬ, ɢ̅ɤɚɥ – ɢɤɚ̅ɥ, ɢ̅ɤɚɥɚ – ɢɤɚ̅ɥɚ, ɢ̅ɤɚɥɨ – ɢɤɚ̅ɥɨ, ɢ̅ɤɚɥɢ – ɢɤɚ̅ɥɢ, ɢ̅ɤɚɣ – ɢɤɚ̅ɣ, ɢ̅ɤɚɣɬɟ – ɢɤɚ̅ɣɬɟ. ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɠɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɩɚ̅ɪɢɬɶ – ɩɚɪɢ̅ɬɶ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɨɜɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɪ. ɩɚɪɶ ɢ ɩɚɪɢ̅, ɩɚɪɶɬɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɢ̅ɬɟ, ɚ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɧɚ̅ɲɢɜɚɬɶ – ɧɚɲɢɜɚ̅ɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪ-ɦɵ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ). Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɪɹɞɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɧɨɦɢɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ (ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ) ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ, ɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɦɨɧɢ-ɦɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɫɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɫɠɢɧɚɬɶ’ – ɤɨɫɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɤɪɢɜɢɬɶ’, ɱɟɪɬɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɩɪɨɜɨ-ɞɢɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ, ɥɢɧɢɢ; ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ’ – ɱɟɪɬɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɛɟɡɨɛɪɚɡɧɢɱɚɬɶ’, ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ’ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɪɚɫɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ’ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸ-ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɵ 1-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɟɞ. ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɫɪ.: ɤɨ̅ɫɢɲɶ – ɤɨɫɢ̅ɲɶ, ɤɨ̅ɫɢɬ – ɤɨɫɢ̅ɬ, ɤɨ̅ɫɢɦ – ɤɨɫɢ̅ɦ, ɤɨ̅ɫɢɬɟ – ɤɨɫɢ̅ɬɟ, ɤɨ̅ɫɹɬ – ɤɨɫɹ̅ɬ; ɪɚɫɬɜɨ̅ɪɢɲɶ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ̅ɲɶ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨ̅ɪɢɬ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ̅ɬ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨ̅ɪɢɦ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢ̅ɦ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨ̅ɪɢɬɟ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨ-ɪɢ̅ɬɟ, ɪɚɫɬɜɨ̅ɪɹɬ – ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹ̅ɬ. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɦɨɧɢɦɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɢɧɢ-ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɞ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨ 5 ɩɚɪ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɥɟɤ-ɫɟɦ, ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɢ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɚɦɢ, ɧɢ ɨɦɨɧɢ-ɦɚɦɢ (ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ). ɋɸɞɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɜɟ̅ɲɭ (ɤ ɜɟɫɢɬɶ) – ɜɟɲɭ̅ (ɤ ɜɟɲɢɬɶ), ɩɪɨɜɟ̅ɲɭ (ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɢɬɶ) – ɩɪɨɜɟɲɭ̅ (ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟ-ɲɢɬɶ), ɬɟ̅ɲɭ (ɤ ɬɟɲɢɬɶ) – ɬɟɲɭ̅ (ɤ ɬɟɫɚɬɶ), ɧɚɬɟ̅ɲɭ (ɤ ɧɚɬɟɲɢɬɶ) – ɧɚɬɟ-ɲɭ̅ (ɤ ɧɚɬɟɫɚɬɶ), ɤɪɨ̅ɸ (ɤ ɤɪɵɬɶ) – ɤɪɨɸ̅ (ɤ ɤɪɨɢɬɶ), ɨɬɤɪɨ̅ɸ (ɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ) – ɨɬɤɪɨɸ̅ (ɤ ɨɬɤɪɨɢɬɶ), ɫɬɨ̅ɸ (ɤ ɫɬɨɢɬɶ) – ɫɬɨɸ̅ (ɤ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ), ɫɬɨ̅ɢɲɶ – ɫɬɨ-ɢ̅ɲɶ, ɫɬɨ̅ɢɬ – ɫɬɨɢ̅ɬ, ɫɬɨ̅ɢɦ – ɫɬɨɢ̅ɦ, ɫɬɨ̅ɢɬɟ – ɫɬɨɢ̅ɬɟ, ɫɬɨ̅ɹɬ – ɫɬɨɹ̅ɬ, ɬɚ̅ɸ (ɤ ɬɚɹɬɶ) – ɬɚɸ̅ (ɤ ɬɚɢɬɶ), ɩɥɚ̅ɱɭ (ɤ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɶ) – ɩɥɚɱɭ̅ (ɤ ɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ), ɡɚɩɥɚ̅ɱɭ (ɤ ɡɚɩɥɚɤɚɬɶ) – ɡɚɩɥɚɱɭ̅ (ɤ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ), ɨɩɥɚ̅ɱɭ (ɤ ɨɩɥɚɤɚɬɶ) – ɨɩɥɚɱɭ̅ (ɤ ɨɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ), ɪɚɫɩɥɚ̅ɱɭɫɶ (ɤ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɤɚɬɶɫɹ) – ɪɚɫɩɥɚɱɭ̅ɫɶ (ɤ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ). ɗɬɨɬ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɟɞɤɢɦɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ. 2. Ʌɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ. ȿɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɢɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ. ȼ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɢɧ-ɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɨɛɟɝɚɜ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬ,
ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɝɨ-ɥ.’ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɜɵɛɟɠɚɬɶ), ɫɛɟ̅ɝɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɩɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɝɞɟ-ɥ. ɢ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ’– ɫɛɟɝɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɫɛɟɠɚɬɶ), ɡɚɞɜɢ̅ɝɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ’ – ɡɚɞɜɢɝɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɡɚɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ), ɩɨɩɚ̅ɞɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɭɩɚɫɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ’ – ɩɨɩɚɞɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ), ɡɚɛɭ̅ɯɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɛɭɯɚɬɶ’ – ɡɚ-ɛɭɯɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ.) ‘ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɵɪɨɫɬɢ’, ɫɩɟ̅ɲɢɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟ-ɲɢɬɶɫɹ’ – ɫɩɟɲɢ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ.) ‘ɬɨɪɨɩɢɬɶɫɹ’, ɜɵ̅ɤɭɩɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) – ɜɵɤɭɩɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ.), ɜɵ̅ɧɨɫɢɬɶ (ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɢɞɟɸ; ɫɨɜ.) – ɜɵɧɨɫɢ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɜɵɧɟɫɬɢ), ɜɵ̅ɜɨɡɢɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɜɵɩɚɱɤɚɬɶ, ɜɵɦɚɡɚɬɶ’ – ɜɵɜɨɡɢ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɜɵɜɟɡɬɢ), ɜɵ̅ɦɟɬɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɨɛɲɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɲɜɨɦ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɸ’ – ɜɵɦɟɬɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɜɵɦɟɫɬɢ), ɩɨɬɨ̅ɩɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ. ɤ ɬɨɩɚɬɶ) – ɩɨɬɨɩɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ.) ‘ɬɨɧɭɬɶ’, ɜɵ̅ɫɵɩɚɬɶɫɹ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɫɵɩɥɹɫɶ, ɜɵ-ɩɚɫɬɶ’ – ɜɵɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶɫɹ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɜɵɫɩɚɬɶɫɹ), ɧɟɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɬɶ (ɫɨɜ.) ‘ɧɚɫɵɩɚɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ’ – ɧɟɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ (ɧɟɫɨɜ. ɤ ɧɟɞɨɫɩɚɬɶ). Ɉɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɢɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɥɢɛɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɬɶ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɬɶ, ɜɵ̅ɤɭɩɚɬɶ – ɜɵɤɭɩɚ̅ɬɶ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɚɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨ 13 ɨɦɨɝɪɚ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ, ɫɪ. ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɬɶ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɬɶ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɸ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɸ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚ-ɟɲɶ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚ-ɟɲɶ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɟɬ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɟɬ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɟɦ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɟɦ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɟɬɟ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɟɬɟ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɸɬ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɸɬ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɥ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɥ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɥɚ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɥɚ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɥɨ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɥɨ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɥɢ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɥɢ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɣ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɣ, ɜɵ̅ɛɟɝɚɣɬɟ – ɜɵɛɟɝɚ̅ɣɬɟ. ɇɟɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦ ɫɩɟ̅ɲɢɬɶ ‘ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɲɢɬɶɫɹ’ – ɫɩɟɲɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɬɨɪɨɩɢɬɶɫɹ’, ɫɬɪɨ̅ɢɬɶ ‘ɫɨɨɪɭɠɚɬɶ, ɜɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ’ – ɫɬɪɨɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɢ’, ɝɞɟ ɧɟɨɦɨɝɪɚ-ɮɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ (ɫɩɟɲɶ – ɫɩɟɲɢ, ɫɩɟɲɶɬɟ – ɫɩɟ-ɲɢɬɟ, ɫɬɪɨɣ – ɫɬɪɨɢ, ɫɬɪɨɣɬɟ – ɫɬɪɨɢ̅ɬɟ). ɋɪɟɞɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪ ɫ ɧɟɩɨɥ-ɧɵɦɢ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɟɩɨɥ-ɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ (ɨɤɨ-ɥɨ 90) ɩɚɪɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɝɥɚɝɨ(ɨɤɨ-ɥɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɪɧɹɦɢ -ɫɵɩ- ɢ -ɪɟɡ- ɬɢɩɚ ɡɚɫɵ̅̅ɩɚɬɶ – ɡɚɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɬɶ – ɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɨɬɫɵ̅ɩɚɬɶ – ɨɬɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɜɵ̅̅ɫɵ-ɩɚɬɶ – ɜɵɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɜɵ̅ɫɵɜɵ̅̅ɫɵ-ɩɚɬɶɫɹ – ɜɵɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶɫɹ, ɡɚɫɵ̅ɜɵ̅̅ɫɵ-ɩɚɬɶɫɹ – ɡɚɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɜɵ̅ɪɟɡɚɬɶ – ɜɵɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɢɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɢɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɧɚ-ɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɧɚɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɧɚɞɧɚ-ɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɧɚɞɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɫɧɚ-ɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɫɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ, ɧɚɞɧɚ-ɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶɫɹ – ɧɚɞɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶɫɹ – ɩɪɨɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. (ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɯ ɢɦɩɟɪɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɪɢɜɚɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ: ɡɚɫɵ̅̅ɩɚɬɶ →ɡɚɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ → ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ)5.ɂɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪ-ɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ – ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɫɪ.: ɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɥ – ɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɥ, ɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɥɚ – ɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɥɚ, ɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɥɨ – ɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɥɨ, ɞɨɫɵ̅ɩɚɥɢ – ɞɨɫɵɩɚ̅ɥɢ; ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɥ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɥ, ɪɚɡɪɟ̅̅ɡɚɥɚ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɥɚ, ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɥɨ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɥɨ, ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɥɢ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɥɢ. ________________ 5 ɑɥɟɧɵ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɦɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɚɫɵ̅ɩɚɬɶ – ɡɚɫɵɩɚ̅ɬɶ, ɪɚɡɪɟ̅ɡɚɬɶ – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚ̅ɬɶ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɥɟɤ-ɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɚ ɧɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɢɦɟ-ɸɳɟɣ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɧɰɢɞɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɦɨɝɪɚ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɫɟɦ. ɗɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɦɦɚ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɭ – (1) ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɥɢ (2) ɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɸ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ – (3) ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ (4) ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ: (1) ɞɨɛɪɟ̅ɥɚ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɬɶ) – ɞɨɛɪɟɥɚ̅ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ), ɞɨɛɪɟ̅ɥɨ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɬɶ) – ɞɨɛɪɟɥɨ̅ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ), ɞɨɛɪɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɬɶ) – ɞɨɛɪɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɞɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ), ɫɩɚ̅ɥɚ (ɤ ɫɩɚɫɬɶ) – ɫɩɚɥɚ̅ (ɤ ɫɩɚɬɶ), ɫɦɟ̅ɥɚ (ɤ ɫɦɟɬɶ) – ɫɦɟɥɚ̅ (ɤ ɫɦɟɫɬɢ), ɫɦɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɫɦɟɬɶ) – ɫɦɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɫɦɟɫɬɢ), ɩɨ̅ɦɧɢ (ɤ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ) – ɩɨɦɧɢ̅ (ɤ ɩɨɦɹɬɶ), ɩɨ̅ɦɧɢɬɟ (ɩɨɜɟɥ. ɤ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ) – ɩɨɦɧɢ̅ɬɟ (ɩɨɜɟɥ. ɤ ɩɨɦɹɬɶ); (2) ɩɢ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɩɢɬɶ) – ɩɢɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɩɢɥɢɬɶ), ɨɞɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɨɞɟɬɶ) – ɨɞɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɨɞɟɥɢɬɶ), ɨɬɩɚ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɨɬɩɚɫɬɶ) – ɨɬɩɚɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɨɬɩɚɥɢɬɶ), ɭɞɚ̅ɥɢɫɶ (ɤ ɭɞɚɬɶɫɹ) – ɭɞɚɥɢ̅ɫɶ (ɤ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫɹ); (3) ɫɤɨ̅ɩɢɲɶ (ɤ ɫɤɨɩɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɶ’) – ɫɤɨɩɢ̅ɲɶ (ɤ ɫɤɨɩɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɯɨɥɨɫɬɢɬɶ’), ɫɤɨ̅ɩɢɬ... – ɫɤɨɩɢ̅ɬ..., ɫɥɟ̅ɩɢɲɶ (ɤ ɫɥɟɩɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɥɟɩɤɢ’) – ɫɥɟɩɢ̅ɲɶ (ɤ ɫɥɟɩɢ̅ɬɶ ‘ɨɫɥɟɩɥɹɬɶ’), ɫɥɟ̅ɩɢɬ... – ɫɥɟɩɢ̅ɬ..., ɭɡɧɚ̅ɸ – ɭɡɧɚɸ̅, ɭɡɧɚ̅ɸɬ – ɭɡɧɚɸ̅ɬ, ɫɨɡɧɚ̅ɸɫɶ – ɫɨɡɧɚɸ̅ɫɶ, ɫɨɡɧɚ̅ɸɬɫɹ – ɫɨɡɧɚɸ̅ɬɫɹ; (4) ɩɨ̅ɦɧɢɬɟ (ɧɚɫɬ. ɤ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ) – ɩɨɦɧɢ̅ɬɟ (ɩɨɜɟɥ. ɤ ɩɨɦɹɬɶ), ɩɚ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɩɚɫɬɶ) – ɩɚɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɩɚ-ɥɢɬɶ), ɫɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɫɟɫɬɶ) – ɫɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɫɟɩɚ-ɥɢɬɶ), ɫɦɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɫɦɟɬɶ) – ɫɦɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɫɦɨɥɨɬɶ), ɫɩɚ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɫɩɚɬɶ) – ɫɩɚɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɫɩɚɥɢɬɶ), ɞɟ̅ɥɢ (ɤ ɞɟɬɶ) – ɞɟɥɢ̅ (ɤ ɞɟɥɢɬɶ), ɞɟ̅ɥɢɫɶ (ɤ ɞɟɬɶɫɹ) – ɞɟɥɢ̅ɫɶ (ɤ ɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ). ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞ-ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɧ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɲ. ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ ɝɥɚɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨɥɚ ɫ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɟɞ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɞɪɭɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ, ɬɨɠɞɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɨɞɧɨ-ɝɨ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ, ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ (ɫɪ. ɟɳɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ: ɞɨɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɞɨɩɢɥɢ̅, ɧɚɞɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɧɚɞ-ɩɢɥɢ̅, ɨɬɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɨɬɧɚɞ-ɩɢɥɢ̅, ɩɨɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɩɨɧɚɞ-ɩɢɥɢ̅, ɩɪɨɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɩɪɨɩɢɥɢҁ, ɪɚɫɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɪɚɫ-ɩɢɥɢҁ, ɫɩɢ̅ɥɢ – ɫɩɢɥɢ̅, ɡɚɫɟ̅ɥɢ – ɡɚɫɟɥɢҁ, ɩɨɞɫɟ̅ɥɢ – ɩɨɞɫɟɥɢ̅, ɡɚɩɚ̅ɥɢ – ɡɚɩɚɥɢ̅, ɩɪɨ-ɩɚ̅ɥɢ – ɩɪɨɩɚɥɢ̅, ɧɚɞɟ̅ɥɢ – ɧɚɞɟɥɢҁ, ɪɚɡɞɟ̅ɥɢ – ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢҁ, ɨɬɞɚ̅ɥɢ – ɨɬɞɚɥɢ̅ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). 3. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨ-ɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚ-ɡɚɬɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȿɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɵ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ 2-ɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɦɧ. ɱɢɫɥɚ ɧɚɫɬ. ɢɥɢ ɛɭɞ. ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ɦɧ. ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɫɪ.: ɛɟ̅̅ɥɢɬɟ – ɛɟ-ɥɢ̅ɬɟ, ɥɨ̅ɜɢɬɟ – ɥɨɜɢ̅ɬɟ, ɨɫɭ̅ɲɢɬɟ – ɨɫɭɲɢ̅ɬɟ, ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚ̅ɬɢɬɟ – ɩɟɪɟɩɥɚɬɢ̅ɬɟ, ɫɜɚ̅ɪɢɬɟ – ɫɜɚɪɢ̅ɬɟ, ɭ̅ɱɢɬɟɫɶ – ɭɱɢ̅ɬɟɫɶ, ɨɫɬɚɧɨ̅ɜɢɬɟɫɶ – ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ̅ɬɟɫɶ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɫɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 1200 ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɪɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɪɚɡɧɨɬɢɩ-ɧɵɯ, ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɥɟɤɫɟɦɧɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɥɟɤɫɟɦɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɬɨɣ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɥɟɤɫɟɦɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ – ɤɚɤ ɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɥɟɤɫɢ-ɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɟɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɥɟɤɫɟɦɧɚɹ – ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɨɦɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɤɨɧ-ɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ. Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɟɟ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɵ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ, ɩɨ ɧɚ-ɲɢɦ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ 2000 ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞ-ɧɨɫɬɢ: ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ 1400–1500 ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚ-ɪɚɦɢ, ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ 1200 ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ. ȼ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɩɨɱɬɢ 5000 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɦɨɝɪɚ-ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ6. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɫɬɨɥɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ-ɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɢɧɮɢ-ɧɢɬɢɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɹɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɨ-ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ – ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɣ ɢ ɞɟɟ-ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬɢɣ, ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɭɹ ɧɟɫɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɚɪ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ, ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵ-ɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ. ________________ 6 ɉɨɩɭɬɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟ-ɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ, ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɧɨɫɤɟ 4. ɋɥɨɜɚɪɟ oɦɨɝɪɚɮɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.
