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Kon.o.-nETEPByprt
Taiiorpailii/i TonapmnecTBa «06mecTBeimaa Ilomsa*, BoaŁiuaa IIoSM^ecKaji, .X? 30 1891
P r y i A B . / I E H I E ,
r i ABAl . crpAn
Tepon Tpy^a ii MymeHHKH nay^maro irporpecca... 1 T I A B A II.
3aBoeBaHie 3ei»iHoro mapa... 15 Ti a b a III.
HscjiAOBaHie b i,i c i i i i i x i, cjtoeBi atMOC^cpH... 52
Ta abaIV.
OTEptrrie CHCTeMH Mipa... 67 Taaba Y. KHHroneaaTaHie... 88 Tjiaba VI. HayaHŁift 101 r a aba VII. Tbopubi HayitH... 126 Ta abaVIII. UpoMHmaeHHOCTŁ ir MauniHH... 148 r a AB A IX.
IIapoxoaH ii aceafeHua aoporn... 182 T a abaX. Bpara... 200 Ta aba XI. Ilayria u OTeaecTBO... ■ • 210 Ta abaXII. PaaoBHe sayitii... 223 IIpinriwaHi# • ... 228
Cz ocenu 1890 loda mdaemca rndyMannan HaeMmoeuMz óioipa-(fnmecKan (mÓJiiomem nodz 3aiM<sieMz:
W
Bz cocmaez ÓuÓJiiomeKU eoudymz 6iovpa<fiiu c.md. jmw>:
HHOCTPAHHBlfl O T ^ -P B . BafipoEE, Bajib3aKE, O. BeKOHTj, BeTxoBeH^, BiiciiapKE, BoKKanio, P. Baniepi., BauiHErTOEb, JI. Bheee, BoJiT>rrep'f., Ta/IM/ieM, rapBefi, rapEÓajibAE, rappHKT>, reMHe, Bere, Pjia,a,- ctobe, PoBapAE, PpHropifl YII, A. ryiWÓOAbATb, TyCb, ryTeHÓeprt, floro, AareppE, flarni., flapBMHTj, .HettapTE, JI^»eHHepT». JJpiflpo, /^iiKKeHCi., iiiOpaiB-San^b. Bo.ua, EaETB, EajibBEaE, Ken;iepT>, Ko/iyiHÓTł, Eoete, Koh- (jiypiii, KonepHHKb, P. Eoxe, EpoMBejib, EyKE, hiOBbe, /laBya3be, Jlec- cenCB, /leCCMHrb, /lMBMHrCTOHl>, /iMHKOAbHTj, /llIHHBM, JlOMO/ia, JIlOTepb, MaroMeT-B, MaKKiaBejiJiH, MeTTepEHXE, MaKejiB-AHflatejio, MojibepE, Mhjił- toee, Mapado. MaLiKeBWHfc, iVbp3e, ToMacb Mopt, MopapTB.HanoiieoHBl, Heiotoee, OyoHB, HacKajiB, Ilac/repT. IlecTajioimE, IJpy^otri., Padie,
Pa-
(jjaa/ib, PoTmujib^B, Pycco, CBtK^Tli, OepBaETecE, B. CkottIj, A. Cmhte, 0nimo3a, Ct3H/ih, OieiJieECOEB, TeKKepea, yam>, <Iapa/i,OH, <6paEKJiHEE, *5paEE,EeKB-AccH3CKift, ®yjn.TOEB, IIIeKCEEpB, Illiijijiepb, UJoneHrayep-b, 3amC0HTj, 9pa3MB, h flpyrie.
PyCCKIH O TftM fc. ABBaKyiiE, Akcekobm, ApaKieeuE, Botkhee, EtAMHCKiii, B. B. BepeuparHET., Bojikobe (ocaoBaTejiŁ pycraaro TeaTpa), rjIHEIia, TorOAb, PpaUOBCKift, PpEdofe^OBŁ, fleMMAOBbl, ĄoCTOeBCKiń, 3h- ehee, Hapa3MHT>, (ocEOBaTOJiL xapi»KOBCKaro yEHBepcHTeTa),KapaM3HEt,EaT- KOBE, E0JIŁB;0BE, KpaMCKOH, HpblAOBTj, JlepMOETOBB, JtOMOEOCOBE, Mefl- .ąejiteBB, HeicpacoBB, HmkohTj, Hobiikobe, OcTpoBCKiń, IIcrpE Be.iiiKiń, ILiporouE, Hocouikobe, IIpateBajibCKłft, llyuJKMHt, Papainę be, Ca/iTblKOBł). (koóeJieBE, CnepaHCKŚM, CyBopoBE, 1 . Tojictoh, TypreaeBE, Pji. Yceoe- cidE, yEiHECKift, IIIeBECEKo, III,eEKHET) h Apyrie.
KaoicdoMy U3z nepemicMHHWxz 3dn>cb muz nocasmaemcn ocoOaa KiHiJKua
m 8 0 — 100 cmpauwąz. Kz SioipacfnaMZ npuMiawmca nopmpemn, mprnu (•npu
6mpa(fii{ixb nymeiuecmeenmiKoez) u chumku cz ilapmum (npu 6mpaęfjiaxi.
Xyd00KHUK067>).
'lepnenbKHMT, iupu«TOMi HaneiaTamj Mena t^ eauhe, 6iorpa*iii koto-
puxE BMIU.IE ao i Mań 1891 roaa.
3aTiME saaEHfamiia 6iorpai|»iH BbrcoflaTE no aerape Bi Mtcapt. A-1® T0r0> eto6bi iiyó.THKa M o n a ien:o cjtŁahtb 3a bhxoaomieoblixi KEnmeiib Bbnne-
ynoMEHyTott ónS.iioTeKH, H3AaTeib ea, <P. IlaB-ieHEOBb, 6y;j;eTB eaceMicaEEO nocbtaaTb cnpaBOEHHH oSiaBneHia o iiocTy:iiiBiinix'L be. npoji;a?Ky óiorpa({)iaxE
BO BCt KEHHtHbie Mara3HEH EBponetCKOH H AsiaTCKOfi PocciH.
r.iaBHI,lfl CK.ia;l,b BI, KHUiKHOMŁ Mara3UUi II. JlyKOBHHKOBa. (Ce6., Jem- TyKOBE nep. JNs 2). ilt.iia KaHU,on kuujkku 2.5 k. Bce H3saHie 6y;ieri, gaitoH- aeEO be 1893 r.
r J I A B A n E P B A J L
(BMBCTO BBEflEHia).repon Tpyp
mMyaoHHKH HayaHaro nporpecca.
BenHKIIMII 3I0JBMH a Ha3HBaiO TOJIBKO t'Łxb, KOTopne OKa3aim Bejnoua ycay™ 'iejioBi^ecTBy.
BoMmep?i.
HayKH ii ucicyccTBa b b TaKoii jue CTe- nemi, Kant h nosBura repoeBB, cocTaB-
jihbtb caaBy HapojOBt.
JlamnaM.
(^)T. caMaro jiAtctbm ibimb TOJinyiOTB o
3
aBoeBaTeMXB, kotopmmb OAnapopi ofinaanr.i bcAmh yatacaMH boAhbi iibb to ate npcMii hh-J nero hc roBopaTB o OKpoMHbixB TpyatemiKaxB, of)C3iieaiii!aK)innxB j OÓmeCTBaMB B03M02KH0CTb IIO.lbSOBaTBCII MaTepiaJIBHŁIMH II
Jl,yX0B-h u m Jl,yX0B-h Saarami. Mbi xopomo 3naeMB, bto KcepucB csnerB Ao h h m, a to IIoMnefl h Heaapb upojiuii MOpa KpoBii na noaaxB Oapcaaa; ho humb noara rniacro nensBAcTHO o jkhbiiii Bb k j h p
11.111
ApxiL\ic,p; OTKpbiTia KOTopuxB eme p ciixb nopB BCTpAnaiOTB trkb mhoto noie3HbiXB npn- .[oilaaiiii bb noBcepeBHOfl aurami.Opano cBoefl ipBHjnmijieft mu oóaaaiibi ne no.nKOBopaMB n aa- BOeBaTeMMB, a 9THMB 6MUKUMZ> JHldoniHUKttM?> BCAXB CTpaHB II
bcAxb BpeMeHB. OhhooTaBMH iiaMB bb HacaAAe BepTorpaflB, KOTopbin
B03*feiibiBaJica hmh BTeaeuie anornxB bAkobb,— MbicoSnpaeMB naopi, CfiMCHa KOTOpbIXB BnepBbie ÓblJIl Spomenbl HMH.
«Mso bcAx b HMeHB, kotopmmb nocBnmeno oSmecTBeHHoe BHHMame, roBopHTB jKo(p(ppya-CeHTB-M.tiepB, iiAtb h, no iicthhA. no moikctb ohti> óonAe cjiaBHbixB, bAm b miena bojiiikhxb nopnatnnROBB snaiiia*. JI,Afi- CTBHTeabHO, pa3BA ne h mAiotb npaBa na naniy iipii
3
naTeJibHOCTb arii repon Tpy.ia, oth yaenbie, ara H3C.iA;iOBaTe.aiy iincaTenn, $m o c o$m, 3aBAm;aBinie immb coiipoBniip naykii?2 MYMEHIIKII HAYKH.
CKOJibKO MopoTBopHwxB; noy'ihto,ii,iii>ixt, yKa3amt, cko.jkko pparo- u,iHHMXB npHMipoBB HaxopiiMB mm irr, iicTopin im, atH3HH, hxb óopbóia gb HenaropaMii. 3aTpaqcnnwxB hmh ycMifl!
Ec.ni mbi atenaeMB aiiaTb. Kain, coBepmaiOTca BeJiiKia plamili, no- CMOTpinn,, i;am, paGoiaum, ara Jiiopii, naraanoMB Ha hxb aiiepnro h HenpeiaoHHOCTL, KOTopyro ohh ofmapcmiinaioiB. IIoc.iymae.MB HbioTOHa, ii ohb hhmb cKameTT,, mto ohb cpinaaB cboh OTKpbrna, «nocToaHHO pyMaa o hhxb». Eiotfajioin, BOCMHKHeTB: «remfi— .oto Tepninie». Bci noBTopaTB TO-aie. caMoe. TpypB h nacTOfiaiiBOCTb— itx,i> peinwB.
« IipCMa h TepniHie npeiipamaiori, TyTOBbifl jiiictb bb nie.iinc, raa- chtb impiflCKaa iioroBopiia, Bbiotohb lumiapnaTi, pasa, nepecocTaBJiaJiB obok)
XpOHOjmm.
npompę aiMB iiaiiie.n, ee ypojiaoTiiOpiiToabiioio. Mii- Keab-Aupjseao TpypHJica nocToanao, HacKopo fen, ii iiiiorpa BOTanajB no homhmb, mtoóm npHHHMaTbca 3a panory. RTeaenie copoKa JiiTB [)K)(|h()()h:i, eaiepHeBHO npoBOpMB 3a iracbMeuEbiMB ctohomb naTb nacoirb yrpoMB a naTb nacoBB BcaepoMB. MoHTecKbe, roBopa o6b opiiomb ii3B cbohxb npoH3BepeHifl, CEa3ajiB KaKOMy-TO CBoeMy ppyry: «Bbi npoaTeTe 3Ty KHHry bb iiicKO.ibKO nacoBB, no ysiparo naci,, mto TpypB, koto- paro ona Miii CTOMa, yi/faim moio ro.iony cipiiiiaMH».«KtoyTB(‘pmpae-n,. >itoMoamo cpinaTi, MTO-Hn6ypb óe:n, rpypa ii aa Got nr. ei;aaa.n, OpamuneB,—totb pnaispaTiiTOJb -.
EaKOBa-6w hh6bi.ua n,ijib, kb pocTiiaieeiio noTopofi cTpeMHTca nejo-
bBkb, ohb He po«enB OTpaBaTbca Bcepiao Toabiio paóoTi; eay enje nyaaio OTapaTbca opepmaTb noGipy napa TpypHOCTflMH, noTOMy nro npenaTCTBia boAyb popOBB 3arpaa;paHm> omy nyTb. 1!txj 6bi ne upep- iipnHHMaaB ohb, eMy Hyamo Bbipepaiaib óopbGy aa ycnixB, 3a noGipy
Ha apeHi amsHeHHOH óhtbbi. A rpi GopbGa, thmbh oiiacnocTb.
Ecih OTBaaiiibiH nyTemecTBeHHiiKB ycTpeMHTca Ha saBoeBanie ho- bhxb CTpaHB ii, iiepeiaataa aepesB Mopa, nepesB uBawii nacTH onf/ra. CTaHeTB pacmnpaTb oSnacTb reorpaifnn, H.ayaaTb (Jiayiiy hm (juiopy OT;j,a,ieiiiibixB MicTHOCTeił, to nepepB hhmb B03CTanyTB GeaniioJieHiibia onaoHOCTH. Ha oiieanB Gypa nperpapiTB eMy iiyti,. na cynii .iiopii h atHBOTHwa Hanapyrm na nero, yTOMaeuie n ronopB cpiaamTCH ero cnyT- iihiuImh. Ohb po,ia;eiiB GypeTB cpaataTbca co BceBoaMomiibiMii npenaT- CTBia.Mii.
He mhjionaTypajiHCTOBB, naaiinaa cb I [.iiiiiia CTapmaro h iioiinaa
BiiKTopoMB JKaKMOHOMB, na.iH atepTBHMH atejiania BbipBaTb'y npiipopw KaKyio-Hiióypb iiobyk) HCTHHy. Cmojiti, Hannia — 3to bb' hAkotopomb
popi Biniiaa HCTopia 'ie.ionii;a. iiopaB.iaeMaro ciijioio CTiixin. BejiiKiii
HafwHjpaTejib, naxopacb bb Miineiii, BiipiiTB OTTypa, i;am, na BepniHHi
Besynia noaBJiaeTca pi,imi,. BbiSpacbiBaeMbifl ByjiKaHOMB; npHKa3aBHiH cHapapHTb cypa, oiib capraca hHaupaBJiaeTca kbpomhmb, pacnoaoaieu- iibiMB iioiTif y caMofl nopoiuBbi KpaTepa, noTOMy mto eMy xoMCTca
rACCEJIbKBHCTB. 3 B03M03KH0 ÓJIHSKe I3y'IUTb BMHBeOTBeHHOe'flBJieHie. Cyp 0K.a3I»IB;iK)TC!I noKpwTWMH payeMB paoKaieHHaro iieii.ua, .TeMnepaTypa KOToparo no- BWinacTea tio Mtpł» Toro, Kain ohh iipiiG.maiaioTCH kb Ryjmany; tumbii chmbcb uranfcmeMB napioTB bb bojihbi Kawmi; ycTpamemiHfl uopMoi ii xo’[eTB noBepHyTb K0pa6.ii. naHaji. i Gf>a;a’n> otb 9thxb onacHBixB m^ctb.
Ho n.imiiifl OTBtBaeTB anaMeHHTot (Jtpaaofl: «'CaacTbe noMoraeTB cm£-
jhmb >. HaTypajiHGTB cxoptb Ha GepetB h coaeppacTB H3p.m 3Jio- B^mie oriiH Kpaiepa. Honb ohb npoBopTB bb opomb Pm£, ocTaBHTb KOTopbifi ero iipimyayaioTB bb HaaaJit yrpa nopeimbie yppu h p atp pacKa«ieHHbixB Kasraefi. HtoGb npepxpaHHTb ceGa otb yMcTisia btoii
ByjiKaBHaecKOii GoMGapppoBKi, II,ran i ii h ero ciiyTHiiKii nopa3biBaiOTB
kb roaoBa.MB no^yiHKii nocpepTBOMB 6hhtobb, cr^.iainibixB hsb GEraa; no noTOKH a a is w yate ycTpeMaaioTca co bcAxb CTopoiiB u KaraTca kb
Mopio, uano.maa B03riyx'b nJiaMeHe.MB h y;iyiii.niBbiMii ra3aMH. Bc* OB-
ryTB bb CMiiTeniii. Urania, CToaupro Ha 6epery, 0XBaTbiBaeTB oGaaKO cBpnncTaro napa, ohb ayBCTByeTB, hto 3apixaeTca, h iiprraaabiBaeTB
pyMB paoaMB nopeparaBaib ceGa. Hotomb ohb napeTB Goo;if»rxan-
libifl. Ha c.iBiyieiiiiin peiii. ero tBjio 6bi.no HafipHO HeTpoHyTbiMB, 6e3B MaaBSmei panbi, ii o;$roe thkb, KaKB ero ocTaBMH. Mojkiio 6biJio Gm
npriHaTb ero ciiopBe 3a cnamaro mcjiobBiwI, hBmb 3a MepTBaro.
Co BpeMeHH aToro iiaMaraaro co&biTia, jhoGobbkb upiipo^B h npe- piraocTb nayiiB HMfcra Mnoro ,ipynixB atepTBB. npiinoMiraMB hBkoto- pbia H3B hhxb ii npesye Bcero pa3CKaaieMB TporaTeairayio HCTopiio niBepcKaro iiaTypa.racTa TacceJibKBHCTa. Ero yaHTejib, •liiniieii. KaKB-
to BbipasMB coiKaaBnie, <rro ecTecTBemma HCTopia Ila.iecTimbi mojio
H3CJiB;i,0BaHa. EacceibKBHCTB, ne CMOTpa na cboio GoafeneiraocTb, xh- aocTb ii BiipMyio iiecnocoGnocTb kb npeopafemo TpypocTefi yTOMH-
Tcabiiaro nyTeiuecTBia, totiuicb JKe pBiinui. BOcnoaHHTb 9totb npoGiwiB bb iiayiiB. Ohb ynoTpeGii.iB p a rop. na npnroTOBJienie kb nyTenie- CTBiio, HiiTaa bcB .iiynniia cotnraema o JlenanTB h bb to aie BpeMa nayiaa a.TbiKii tBxb cTpariB, noclmiTb KOTopbia ohb óm.ib naMftpeHB.
Ero njiaMeHHoe ycepp cHHOKaao eray BceoGmia oiiMiiaTra. VKiit(mii
CTOKroJbMa h EoTenGepra caoara.raeb, tioói.i cnaGpTb ero cpepTBaMH; ohb OTii.ibi.iB bb CMiipiiy h iipiiobbiB Typ 26 Hoaópa 1749 r. lOiibiii HaTypajiHCTB npoBeaB bb btomb ropowi okoho rop, HenpepwBHO coBep-
ma.iB BKCKypcra no Maraesin n Cimiuiy (Sipyle), npoBxa.HB nepesB EiraneTB, nodimiB Po3eTTy, AaeKcaHpiio n oTnpaBMB bb ynca.ib- CByio ii cTOKroJibMCKyio aiayeMiii iiayKB MnoatecTBO MeMyapoBB o cbohxb
0TKpuTiaxB ii Ha6jnopHiaxB. OGa 9tii yaeiibia oGniecTBa iisOpa.ra ero
BBHiicao cbohxb ajieiiOBB. Ohb 6i>mb, KpoaB Toro, HsGpaHB bb ari'biOHKTbi yncajibCKHMB Me;i,iiirancKiiMT> (Jiany.ibTeTOMB, npHcypmuHMB yiKe^ eay cTeneHb ,a,OKTopa. Bb MapTB 1751 r. Tacceibkbiictb iioKimy.iB KanpB ii ^oaro iiyTemecTBOBaaB no llaaecTiiirfe, r;pi» iisc.ili^oBa.rb copMCKoe
4 MyiEHHEH HAyKII.
UO.IOKO. T6pnOBHHKT> XpHCTa M IipOIMBCJT, HHTCpeCIIblH liaÓJIOflCIlia liaflT, capamieio. ynopm.il Kawern,, conpoBOJKflaBmitca nacTumi reMoppoii- flajn.Hi.iMH iipiinaflKaMii. aacnuua.rr, ero HcnbiTbiBaTb HeBbmocHMbia CTpaflania; 6naropa3yMie noBealBano eay BepHyTbca na pofliray; ho na- TypanHCTB flyMajn., mtoiimt. enie Majo cflljano flia nayKii. He CMorpa na to, 'no 0Hr£> Bjafllan. yate ftoraToio KOJjeKH,iel pacTemt ii 6e3MHejen- hłimh olpagmiKaMii ecTecTBeimofl uciopiii OTpam.1, om, xot!jt, ho6i.i- BaTb eme Ha Kinipt. haaif.MT, onaTb BepuyTbca bt, Cmpny ipa bobo! ataTBbi. IIoiKiipaiomaa anepria OKowiaTCJbiio noflKocnja ero cjaobii opraHH3MT,: raceeJi.ianicTT, ynepi, na Myannral, lua.m ott, 6jh3khxt,, eflBa flocTHrnyBiHH TpHfln,aTH Jim ..
Ein,e TporaTeabHle HCTopia (JtpaiinyacKaro narypa.incTa Oii.iiióepa KoMMepeoHa. Om, 6jHCTaTeji.no yaiuca bt, łomie Jbe h nojywijn, CTenerib flOKTopa bt, 1755 r. HaiaoimocTi, m. sanaTiio ecTecTBeiiHbiMH nayKaMH 6wja bt. HeMT. flo Toro HeyflepatHMa, mto ero OTen,T>, flyMaBinifl cnanaja cfllJiaTb ii3t, nero HHHOBHHKa, npeflocTaBnm, eay rioanyio cbo-
6
ofly bt, o1
,160
pt, samrrift. Hocał 9K3aMeiioBT. Kimał KoMMepcom, nocl- thjt, CeBeHCKia ropti, IIiipeHen, IUBefluapiro h H3T,feflMB Bce no6e- peaibe CpeflH3eMHaro Mopa. Oht. replapronpoBam, ct, tbkhmt. mpacT- nbiMT, yiiJcniTiioMT,. hto ecjii BHflfciT, pacTenie, KOToparo ne 6i,ijo bb ero repOapil, to flOCTanajT, ero 3a iniayio 6bi to hh 6bijo ulwy, pncaya flaate aniaiibio. Oflnaaiflbi KoMMepcom,, Kain, ABeccajoMT,, sanyTajca BOJOcaMH bb b1tbhxt, flepeBa11
TaKT, noBHCT.; ocBoloflirn.ca H3T, 9Toro nojoatenia out. mott, tojwio ynaBuiH Brb piny, rfll ayTb ne yTonyjT.. Bt. flpyrol pa3T> eMy yflajocb H3óła«iTb BOflonafla, CKaTHBiuncb bt, npo- nacTb.Otott, HeyTOMHMbifl nyTemecTBennHKT,, tIm b ne Menie, jioóhjt, ceMbio h flOManiHifl onan,; bt, 1760 rofly om, ateinnca na MOJOflol fllBynml flio-HIapoja. «3nalTe, micajT. om, oflnoMy flpyry, mto, nanaBuiH bt, nepBbifl pa3T> co6npaTb pacTenia bt,9to1 crpanl, a namem, TaMT, nf,K0T0pi.il ayBCTBHTejbiibifl pbItoet. u xony ero noMlCTHTb ne bt, repOapil, a bt, ópaanyKj EOMnary». Hepear, flBa rofla y nero 6but, cbiirb, poJKflenie KOToparo ctohjo jkh3hh Maiepn.
KoMMepcom, He 3aMeflJHJT, CTaTb 3HaMeHHT0CTbH). BeJIHE npeflJoiKHjT, MOJOflOMy eoTecTBOHcnbiTaTeaio onncam flja nme pojeBbi caMbie Jio6om,iTHbie aiweMnjapbi pbior, CpeflmeMn. KoMMepcom, otbImhjt, tImt,, mto cflljam, oflny ii3t, Bar
HXTiojorHMecEHXT, paóoTT, XYIII BlEa. Oht, ocnoBajn. bt,
BejiKOJlnm.it OoTamwecKit caflB, noanaKOMHJca ct, JTajaąp jaBinncb ero flpyrom,, Bcnopl sarlMi, npunajb npeflJoateHHf
cto naTypajHCTa bb KpyrocBlTnoił 9KcneflHn;iH, HaMaJbHHEO’ 6i,ijt> ByreiiBHJJb.
(DHJIHEEPT, ROMMEPCOHb. 5 yfeataTb, Moaopofi cayra. Bape, no upo3Baniio Eonn$ya (aacTOcep- peaHbifi), neoT.nynHO ÓŁiBiuifl npii nem BTeneme p y x t .rlm> iihI-
cKOJibKO 03naK0MHBiiiincn cb pacTeniaMii a rep&apiaia. CTaib yiiOJiaTb ero B3HTb ero cb coóofi. Ko\niepcoin> po.rro EOJicSajca, no uaKOHepb coraacHJica. ropb cnycTa, na Tama, Bape BoHH^ya, nojn>30BaBinifica. He CMorpa na cboio cpepatamiooTb, oóincl iroSoBbio Ha Kopa6,:rk BCTpfc-
tmoh cb Ty3('Mnavnf. KOTopbie Bppyrb aaKpiniaja: «
9
to JKeiiinaiia! »Bape-BoHH(J»ya yćkuiajb, ho cJiyiiiBineeca ponuro po yrnefi EyraHBHJUia
ii rorpa cjiyra mii. pApnAe, cayataHKa KoMMepcoHa npnuyatpeiia óbiaa
ciiaaaTb iicrimy:
— fl yiia.ia, onpaBpbiBajiacb ona, saKiiMb onacHOCTaMb a nopep- raaa ceóa; ho a— eiipora a nojioóiuia nayi:y.
Bape-Borm(}(ya ooTaaacb BfcpiiHMb cayroio. Ee HpocmiH. Ona npo- poamajia acnojmaib ooasaimocTH accacTeuTa npa KoMMepcoirt, KOToput BbiKa3a«ib yBaateuie Kb nefl, nocBaTHBHia effl HOBoe pacieme nopb HMe- HCMb óapem iu: «06pa3b pi,iaiibi KOJwaHOHOcapbi, roBOpMb OHb o net, ii Myppofi h cTporoa MaHepBbi!»
Bb Pio-pe-JKaHefipo, Bb Eyoiioob-Aiipocb KoMMepcoHb coópajib ua- CToamia SoraTCTBa. lloc.ir(i pBappaTH-opHOMBcaauaro Masama, npo- feaimm pecaTb Tbicaab jibe co BpeMena CBoero iibikspa H3b Ponnjiopa, OHb npa6buib na Hab-pe-Opancb, rpii ero ypepataib iiBirŁcTiibiii iiutch- panTb KOHOHia, IlyaBpb. (DpaipyscKoe npaBHTejibCTBO nopyiajo miTy- paaacTy iipopoJiaiarb pa&OTbi Ha MaparacKapB. «KaRaa ypHBMTeabiiaa crpaira! niicajib OHb CBOOMy ppyry .la.iaupy. Ona 3acJiyjKHBaeTb bhii- MaHia He opHoro CTpaHCTByioiHpiro iiaó.iiopaTeja, ho nrLibixb aK.apeMifl».
CoSpaBHiH Ooraryio awiTBy pacTHTejbHbixb coEpoBiimb Ha Mapara- CKajib. KoMMepcoHb B b l7 7 1 r. Bepiryaca na Hab-pe-Opancb. OnbCTaJib npaBOpTb Bb nopapOKb Hayaubifl Marepiajb, cooapaacb bo Opaniuio, HToSbi BKycHTb OTb luiopa CBoaxb TpypoBb. AnapeMia nayKb npn3bi- Ba.na TpyateraKa Bb cboii aBppa, ho yTOMJieHie a Hpe3MrPpuaa ptoejib- nocTb pa3pyiuMH ero spopoBbe. Bb pem. CBoero H36paiiin Bb MeHbi aKapeMia Kojniepconb Obi.n, yaie MepTBb. Onb yaepb sa Hepkiro po 9Toro Ha li.ib-pc-OpancB, 21 siąpią 1773 r. 3a HtaojibKO irŁcaipeBb oiib ayBCTBOBaab iipn5.ma;euie kohhhhm. C.iApyiomia ctpokb, Bsaibia
H3b nocaBpiiiab naceMb ero Kb- CBoeny iuypiray, sayiarb Kaiib 3X0
paspupaioupefi cKopóa:
«Ecaii a yapy, to iiopyaaio BaMb Moero cbma, a ceoa ca.Moro Ba-
uiHMb MOJiiiTBaMb... lipomy Bacb Tbicaay a Tbicaay pa3b. nananiaTe Mirt, HTO-Ha6ypb o Moe.Mb capoTKA! MhA KaateTca, hto ero ynocaTb OTb
Mena Bce paibine a pajbiiic ii hto a CTapaiocb HacaaaipaTbca BoenoMH-
lumieMb o nerib Bb noc.rŁpuifl pa3b>.
KoMMepcoHb ocTaBiuib nocat ce6a, paa Toro hto
5
u oiuiaKHBaTb6 MylIEHHKH HAyKH.
coTpyphrobb, pncoBiUbipHKa JEocpHbH h BiipHyio Eape-EoHH<|)ya, /jocTaBHBinyio bb My3efl KOBieKiip SecaacTHaro HaiypaiHCTa.
«KOiMMepCOH'ŁJ rOBOpH.IT> IiKiBbe, 6bMB TOJIOBiEB HeyTOMHMO flfcR- Teibribifl hrayGoRO-cidpyiOHp. EcjhGmoht> chmboSHapopBajrb cboh
HaSjnopma, to3auaiiB 5bi opo H3B nepBbixB m£ctbbt> pa/jy Harypa-
jihctobb... He-ibsa ne cRopG^Tb o Toft HeGpeatHOCTH, cbRaRofl OTuecjmcb
rt> ero KOMeKipiaMB; noTOMy-HTO ccjihObi H3B hhxbTOTaacB ate H3BJieRjm noab3y, (Bpaipia eiipe Topa 6h CTaaa CTpaHOio, Hatóojrfce ciiocoGctbo-
BaBmefl nporpeocy ecTecTB03HaHia. PaGoTbiEoMMepcoHaHeoGbiRHOBeHHbi. ypBHTeJIbHO, KORB OpHB BeHOB^RB MOrB CfllUiaTb TBRB MHOrO BB Ta- Roe KopoTRoe Bpena h .bb TaROfi atapRofl cTpairb. Haaero ne MoateTB GbiTb Tpypke, RaRB paacfemiTb bb TpoimqecRixB CTpaaaxB pmób;
opaRO ate KoMMepcoHB opaBaaca 9T0My 3aMTiio cb fieanpiiMtpaon peBHOCTbIO ».
Mbi ne MoateMB roBopsTB o BejuiRnxB noflBHraxB, aa EOTopue Bpx-
hobmiotb ecTecTBeHHBTa Hayim, He ociaiioBHBHmcb Ha BiiRTopfc 5Eaa~
moh^, 9tomb HenopaataeMOMB yni, p t rpaipia h ffkatHOCTb coepaii- IHCb CB My ateCTBOMBj HaCTOHBHBOCTBK), JHOSOBbK) RB 3HafflI0, 9T0MB MO- aopMB aeaojitRB, yMepmeMB Bcero na TpnpaTb nepBOMB rojpy, B^ajiir O TB AOMa. RB ROTOpOMy OHB GbIJIB THKB IIpHBa3aHB; BpM OTB pOpbIXB, 6oroTBopHBHiHXB ero. JKaRMOHB BbicapacabbKaabRyTTfe 5 Maa 1829 r.; ohb xot&ib H3CJifcpBaTb cTpaay. cocTaBJHBfflyio bb to BpeMa p a
HayRii eiRC 3arapy. Tpa cb iiojiobiiboio rop nyTemecTBOBajiB obb iio
HII3MeUHbIMB paBHHliaMB Hh^ I H IIO ea rOpHCTbIMB M^CTHOCTHMB, 39- Tjt>M'b 'IipiIÓbUB BB EaiHMHpB H HanpaBHJIB CBOfl HyTb RB p.HHBaMB H BHCOTaMB riiMajaflcKiKB ropB. Eony HeH3BicTHa bb iiacToainee BpeMa H3B HHceMB JEaitMOHa 9TB ypBHTejibHaa snoiiea HaTypaaHCTa Ilapiat- caaro Myaea. ROTopbifl, noayaaa ropmaro coppataflia Bcero mecTb TbICRHB (jipaHROBB, Bpyrb 0'iyTMCR BB BHXpl> IIMUlHOfl 3KH3HH pacTO- THTe,iibHbixB HHOCTpaipeBBj iiocBnpuB popa,bi rocyppefi riopaGopen- Hofi Mulili h yxiiT[iaaca Becra ceSa cpep 9toii aaiaTCKofl pocRomir torb, 'iroóbi He poHaTb ^ocTOHHCTBa <j)paHii,y3CRaro hmchii? Eto ne <m-
Ta.iB pa3CRa30BB, cTaBiiiHXB SeacMepTHbiMH, ÓJiaroppa ero imcbMaMB,
chchb. haópocahhhxb hmb npejiecTiibiMB cjiotomb, pfc nopaataenibca
opnaKOBo ÓJiecROMB TajiaiiTa ii apijiocTbio yaa?
Bhrtopb lEaRMOHB, ne CMOTpa aa pa3iioofjpa3ie cbohxb riyTeBbixB BiieTaTjrlHiifl, HHRopa ae Tepa,;iB ii3B Bipy HHTepecoBB HayRH. yiOM- JieHie a HenpiaTHOCTH CTpaHCTBOBaaia ne npiiBopjiH ero bb OTaaaaie. Tpy/p hhb.ii, npaaaTofl hmb aa ce6a MHccia óbi.rn ero nyTeBopbiMH
3BfeflaMH. Eacrb nyTemecTBia JEaRMoaB c ^ a a B aepxoMB, conpoBo- apaeMbifl pyMa cnaraMH, ROTopbie cocTaBjia.ni ero rohboii. iipiiaeMB ohb ocTaHaBjiiiBajcfl no BpeMeaaMB, tito6m 3aaecTH bb naMaTHyro
-BHKTOPT) 3KAKM0ITB. 7 ero peBHHKa. Bw.io Bpejia, Eorp ynpeKaai JKaEMOHa 3a to, btoohb mbjio /('LiaeTT) p a nayKH, no cb ero naMan CKopo 6łmocestobto He-
cupaBeii,jfflBoe oSBimeme. ^McTBHTeatHO, bt> rpyipB coópaHHaro hmt>
BlIKTOpt ffiaKMOEb.
Marepiaaa, kbkb iracajTŁ uaTypaaHCio cBoeswy opy, «óblio nap nopa6oTaTi»». Ho oyp6a Be iioaBOJiHaa HkKMOiiy BocnojibaoBaTBca naopMH cbohxT) p a r ia t ycHJiifl; BTeaeuie 6o.i&e 'tBmb pyxr> .rfeTB
8 iMJ'TJEHMKH HAyKH.
ohl 6o.iL.il cTpanmofi OojrLaiibK, iioiopaa cBena ero HaROucpL bl
Moruiy.
HiriEMon i) YMep'1, bl Ijomóc'}) noojiL HecjibixamibiXL CTpapiiiii. Bbl- 3biBaiomHXB bl liacL ypmaeme Ba. Bnny cTOHipHMa, cl kbemml ohl
nepeHOCML ara Myim. CnoKofluaa TBeppcTb ne noRimyia ero same
bl npeflCMepTHbifl <iacrr.. Ohl Hame.iL bl ceOL epe c n.i i,r HanHcaTb
micbMO CBoeMy hLikiio aioSuMOMy 6paiy Ilop^ipy.... «EoHen;L \iofl,—
eCJIH TOJbKO 3T0 KOHeĘL,— THXL II CnOKOCHL. EcJIHObl TbI ObUIL 3/i;LCb, cnaL-iL botl TyTL, na Moefi nocTejra, cl otii,omlh HipeppiiKOML, flyma
moh paaÓHJiacb Obi a na ripinaniaieme CMepTH a He cmotpLjl Obi cl to
ków HOKopHOCTbH) oyybói, h 6e3MflTeatHOCTbio. yrimibOH, ttLuii. OTii,a;
yTinibre rapyn, ypyra. MHJibie moh. Ho a OKoimaTe.ibiio oc.iaGL.iL otl
ycMia HanHcaTb HTo-HnOyp. Hopa CKa3aTb BaML — upoipatTe!
npo-
maflTe! O, khklhk6h.il bocl OLpbifi bhhil Bhktopl! HpoipafiTe na- Bcerp!»CMepTb Jio.ioam.ia npeaL.iL tockL JEaKMOHa. Tjaaa 3Toro nyieme- CTBeHHHKa, KOToparo Moatno Ha3Baib MyaeHHKOML para, saiipbi.jiiri,
mmLim.
Htoól npiiBecTH oópasuiiim atepTin. H3L oó.iacTH flpyraxL nayKL, yRaiKCML eipe Ha JKH3Hb acTpoHOMa HlaiinL-^Oiepoina, CTOJib aAaTejib-
nyK, Gonery k a npcjiBaiinyK thkhmlpokobbiml oópaaoML.
A66aTL lEam, LHanirb ,0,’OTepoiuL, oprnL H3L caMHXL Monopm.
ajenoBL ar;ajCMiii HayKL, 6lml KOMaHppoBaiiL eai bl Ca6npb, p a
iiaOaK^eHia H3L Toóo.ibCKa aa npoxoatjeHieML BeHepbi 6 irona 1761 r. Ohl iiOKimy.iL Ilapiian, bl kouii;L 1760 rop ii 6e3L bchkhxl sarpya;- Henift npnObi.iL bl C.-neTepOyprb. Ho Biopaa noHOBima ero nyTerne- CTBia otl pyccKon CToniiipi ^o ToOoHbCKa Oi.i.ia BHaniiTeabiio TaaiejiAe. Bl ;(Bi.iia,maTb pefl acipoHOML p «eH L 6h.il cyLaaTb bl canaxL Tpii
TbicaoH BepcTL, nocpep BceB03Moamaro pop npenaTCTBifl. HepeBOSKa HHCTpyMeHTOBL Obbia p a nero hctohhhkoml racami saTpyponin II nocToamibKL onaceiiifl. Baaroppa CBoefl 9Heprła n HeyTOMHMOOTH, ohl
opaiio bo Bpeaa pcthfl mLcth, ornyp eay cjrLpBa,io npoH3BecTH cboh HaOjiKaeuia. 5 ikhh co.iHii,e Becb pHb Obuio noKpbno rycTbiML
caoe.ML oOaaKOBL. Hohlk oOaaKa ne paacLajiiicb. AOOhtl HlannL naxo-
aibica bl CMepTejibHOML CTpaxf>. «9totl (JteiiOMeiiL. roBopmiL ohl, ko-
Toparo oamp.ni irL.ioc CToaLiie, npuBJieKajiL na ceOa crpacTHoe bhii-
iMHHie bcLxl acTpoHOMOBL... BepuyTbca bl IlapnaiL, ne pcTHrum hL.ih
Moero nyieiuecTBia; .uminTbca n.iop bcLxl H36LrHyraxL mhok onac- HOCTefl, TpyaHOCTefi, cl kotopijmh a Oopo.ica to.ibko bl nappyL hh yciiLxl; .iiimiiTbca ero, Oaaroaapa KaKOMy-TO o0.iai;y. bl totl ca-
Mbifl MOMeuiL, Koraa Bce miiL pyaaaocb 3a OjiaronojiyHHbiH Hcxoa,L;—
.oto TaKoe noaojKeHie, o kotopoml ueBosMOJKiio ;uni> noHaTia Ha cjio- bbxl ».•
HiAnin> a’o t e p o h ib. 9
Ha 3apB o6.JiaK.fi HcaeBjrii. IHannB He mopb bh^Bti. to.ii.ro h aa aa a aii.ienifi. Ho ohb cflŁiaaB HaÓJiioplie nayb bcBmh ero ocrajibHHMH (JiaaaMH.
HyTemecTBYfl, acTpoHOMB omotpBjib HeHaopB Toibra 3BB3PI. He-
pe3B uiecTb jiBtb noc.iB cBoero B03BpaiH,ema bo (ftpamriio. ohb roflaiB
ramy o cbohxb ripiiK.iiOBeHiflAB, ciiaóyROHiiYio. Meacfly npoanMB, oaeub arofionbiTHHMH paBoSaaneHiara BHyTpemiefl jkh3hh asiaTcrafi Poccin... HMiiepaipapa Poccin OTOMCTMa eMy tBmb, hto BwcTyima caMa bb
imecTBfc a.BTopa. CBBepnaa CeMnpaMHfla HaneaaTa.ua bb AMCTeppMB
KHHry na <J>pauny
3
CK0
MB ,;i3bii;B ho^b saraaBieMB: «Upomneondie urnpa3Óoph cmepnou k h u o k k u, eejim ojm nuo m nenam aum u u m -
seauu ou : Ilym ew ecm eie no Cuóupu e» 1 7 6 1 e., coeepm em oe IIlannoMZ d'OmepoweMZ». ^ocTaToara oporo 3arji;u:;j ,a, htoób no-
imtb, bb kbkomb yyxB HaimcaHa 3rra rama... IIpnBopMB hbb nea
OflHO mBCTO.
«Ero oócepBaTopia, roBopHTB rocyppBma o IllariuJfi, ór.ua pacno-
.loatena bb aeTBepTH mmh otb ropowa. Ohb npnwacMB bb iiee Becb
ropojp. hbcB npejpiłCTba. H flBlcTBHTeibiio, aBMoeb ctojibko uapoya.
aro naao npHiiHcaTb ayity, ec.ui na6.ooflenie OKaateTca 6e30uiH6oaiibiMB.
noTOMy a to Bce BpcM.a, noKa oho npo^ojiHtaaocb. aóOa.TB He tohi.ko na-
ó.iio.ia.jB, hoh Kpiiaa.iB na OTMBTaHKa, paacyaEflajiB cb npucyTCTByio-
iiuimh. OTBijaajiB Ha Bonpocbi, KOTopbie eMy npeparara, myrniB,
ctpomb Kypbi /jaMaMB h cnopuiB cb r. naBaoBcraMB o6b AiiOKaami-
ciicB hkohh,B Mipa».
BeanKaa EraTepnua óbiaa nenpaBa. Mojkho ynperayTb afjÓa.Ta HIanna
3a to, hto ero naojuoflCHia He aócojiKUHO ToaHbi; ho neab3a OTpipa.Tb. hto 9totb acTpoHOMB peBHOCTHO cnocoScTBOBa.iB npeyciiBrano HayKH. KOTOpOfl OHB OT^aiB CBOIO JKH3HB.
Bb 1769 ro;iy mierne, iiafiiioflaBHieeca UlannoMB bb Ch6hph,
aojurao ObiJio noBTopuTbca ii mowo Sbith bhpmo na btotb pa3B bb
Kajm<J)opHiH. HlanriB ^OTeponiB, bb kotopomb CTpacTuaa .noSoBb kb
uayKB cme ne noTyxia, chobb pBniMB nopeprnyTb ce6a bcBmb 6Bp
CTBiaMB npeSbiiiaiiia bb o/rpauB noarn HeH3BBcTHofi n prali:. kbkoio
ona óbi.bi bb Ty 9noxy. Ka.iiKpopuia npHHape3Ka.na Torya Hcnamn.
HlamiB A’OTeponiB Bi.rBxa.iB H3B Eapm a 18-ro ceirraópa 1768 r., bb
conpoBOJKpmH pyxB oifiiipepoBB Eap.ia III. IlepoBap. aepe3B oneanB npopaataaca 77 pefl. nociB CTpanmaro yTOMiema, acTponoMy, noyaii- aeiiHOMy (ftimnaecKiiMH crpapiiiaMii. ypaocb o^HaKO ycraHOBHTb cboii
HHCTpyMenTbi h npHCTyiiHTb kb Ha6.iio^eiiiaMB. 6 iiOHa 1769 ro,na He6o
6biao
3
aMBaa.Te.ibH0
anoTO ii hh oflHa (|»a.3a npoxoat,a;eHia ibiaHeTw neocTaaacb HeaaMBaeHHofl.
TaKHMB oópasoMB HIannB /1,’OTepoTHB em,e pa3B yciiBaB coBepiuiTb
1 0 MyHEHHRH HAyKH.
T o r p ropaaeimaa annpMia, h ohe 3aóojifcjib. BbippacaBb ropaiay
0
He cobcIjMT) eipe onpaBHBnmcb, oaMOOTBepateHHbifi nacjiijpBaTejib aa- xoTta bo hto6bi to hh CTaao HafijnopTb aaTM^eie 18 iiOHa. He CMOTpa Ha cjaóocTB, OHb pfcuyio hohb acTpoHOMHpoBajib ne6o. Ha cj^yromifi phb ropanaa B03BpaTwacb, IHanrib caerb B b raMaRb
0
yniepb, HCHHcaaa (f»a3bi Bi^HHaro hmt> aaTMieia. ByMara, Ha aoTopofi oht, 'lejmuib iptypu, Bbinaaa y Hero H3b pyRb. «H snaio, hto mhB-ocTaeTca m tb toibro ntaojibKO aacoBb, cRaaajib aóóarb nepep
9THMB, ho a yMHparo ^OBoabHbifl, hto BbinoiHHab CBOfl para >.
PetfwpMaTopb, CTpeMaipifioa npocBi>THTb aejioBiaecTBO, pa3pyni0Tb fieanoaieBHHe iipepascypn. paapifflyTb rpannipr yMa,
0
SpociTb Bb nero cfcueHa HOBbixb Hj,eft, BCTpfrrHTb npenaTCTBia pyroro poją, ho ohh ne 6y#yrb cTpanrafce BbinieonioaHHbixb. PeBHOCTb, 3aBHCTb, ne- HaBHCTb cb ocTepBeHieieMb HaKHHyTca Ha Hero, H3BopoMHBoe neBt- jKecTBo 6e3npecTaHH0 SypTb ero npecaipBaTb. PajMea ronaTb,na-
jihcch 3aMioqaK)Tb Bb TiopbMy, PaMyca yÓHBa»Tb Bb Mpawy® Bap-
({(OJiOMeeBeRyio hohb, BTbenb ^oae norufiaeTb Bb naaMeni ROCTpa, saac- jRennaro HHRBH3ipiefl. Kb necaacTbio, SojibniHHCTBO H3b 3Tixb remeBb, Haaraaa cb CoapaTa, BbiniBniaro ap>, oTpioTca npeat^eBpeMeHHO ocy- mecTBaenłio CBoaxb npajtOBb
0
, no ypanoMy BbipaaieHiio Kaamipa ^ejiaBHHa/OKaBbiBaiOTca bhhobhmmh, noTOMy-HTO aepeaaypb pano cTaaH npaBbiMH.B>H3iRb a xHMiRb, Bonporaaiomie npnpop nyTeMb oribira. SHaKOMH
eipe cb /ipyriiMii onacHOCTaMH. PaSorw, upcppimuMaeMbia hmm, nopep-
raioTb EXb HHor/ja pMeTBiio H3yaaeMbixb 9JieMeHT0Bb, mh cajib, ro-
Topbia ohh ynoTpe6jiHH>Tb ripu 3RCiiepHMeHTaxb.
6 ABrycTa 1753 rop yaeHbifl ceRpeTapb C.-neTep6yprcRof aita- pain HayRb, PaxMaHb, aceaaa cfttaTb HaSjHopme Hap eaeRTpHae- cTBOMb oOaaROBb, nopmejib Rb MeTajuraaecROMy npyry, ROToptifl 6bMb npoBepHb B b ero paóoaeMb KaórmeTB h BbixopabHapy®y, nopnMaacb
CBOHMb OCTpłeMb Mflb RpOBJiefl.
npa HeMb Haxopjica xypjRHHKb CoRoaoBb, npHHHMaBHiifi yaaoTie Bb onbrrk cb pisabio oOaerBHTb ero onncame nocpepTBOMb pucyHRa. noroiia ÓŁija óypnaa. TeMHbia rpo30Bbia o6aaKa hocmhcb Bb bo3p x,Ł. PHXMaHb nopecb Rb MeTaajiiiaecROMy npyry po^b aaeRTpocRona. B;ipyn> OTTyp BbicRoaHJib orHeHHbift rnapb rojiy5oro pB^ra, BeananHOio cb RyjaKb, h nopaaaab HecaacTHaro npotpeccopa. CoKOioBb Toate ynaab, ho Maao-no-^ffay opanienb Bb ce6a. PnxMaHb 6buib MepTBb.
Mojmia yppnaa ero Bb roaoBy, nponuia aepe3b B ce tBiohB bm w a H3b jrfeBO.fi cTynHH. HBcROJibRO Ranejib Rposn BbiCTynnan H3b parna, OTRpbiBmefica Ha a6y PaxMaea; ea aliBofi hofB HaxoflHJiocb roayfioe HHTHblHIKO Bb TOMb MBCTIj-. COMeHHŁlfi fjaiHMaKb 6btJlb HpOflbipaB- aeHb. Ka<J)TaHb CoKoaoBa 0Ra3ajica noapuTbiMb tcmhhmh nojiooRaMi,
BOJORY'
1 2 MyilEHHKH HAyKH.
conpoTHB,ieHifl MOTa.t.iTiMeckiix'i> ctBiiokb luiyTjieiiHCMy panemio
rasa;
aimapaTi) pasjierLica bb ^pe6e3rn. otopbhbb y TepBH o5A norii.
Tpn
,uia cnycTfl TepBH yMepB.
"IiMOBtiin,. npeparaiomifi ooipecTBy Kanoe niiSyp Mexaira'iecKoe H3o6piTeme, KOTopoe moikctb cTHTb hobbimb opy^ieMB niiBH.iHsanin,
BCTpiaaeTca cb pB.iojo apaieio pyraHepoBB; cainbie pa6bi, orni B03-
CTaiOTT) npOTIIBB TOTO, >ITO MOIKCTB flaTb HMB CBOOOfly. /I,eHHCB Ilaimiri)
bhptb, kakb ero napuBoe cypo pasfniBaiOTB pelacKie
.1
oporni kii. JKa-napB iiaiueKaern. na ceóa riil.in, jhohckmb pa5onnxB; ho ne opa
nepnb BOopysuieTca npomBB TanaHTa: a Kipu npocBftnieHUbie, ,n,aate caMbie CMBHBie ymla yisjienaioTCH imorp bthmb noTonoMB peaKnin n OTpnpa- iotb nojie3HOCTb Toro hjih flpyroro iiobhto H3o6piTeHia.
<I)yjibTOHB npep.iaraeTB ^npeKTopin BBecni bb ynoTpeSnenie Topne- ,ua. no ero He cnymaiOTB. O.uiaKO. no iipiiiia3aHiio nepBaro KOHcy.ua, Boabnefi, jlanaacB h Moiiikb
06
pa30
Ba.n1
KOMMicciio p a paacMOTpMm npepoatenia Oyai/rona. KOTopbii h3.ioikh.ib npe^B hiimh, bb bombco-ctohtb ero iisoGpiTeiiie. Bbi.ui cflijiaiibi oiibiTbi bb EpecTi; ho, nocni HicKOJibKHXB Heyji,OBJieTBOpiiTejibiibixB nonbiroKB, BoHanapTB naneeraa HMUiiuiB iisoopiiaTejui cBoefi iipoTeKnin.
II03.Urlie Aparo coBepniMB ra nyio-ate omn
6
Ky, khkb h Haiio.ieoin.:3HaMeHHTbifl acTponoMB OTpiiH,a.iB atejiisiibia ppora. Bb
6
onie HepBHee BpeMH Ba6imeHe6oajicflyTBep3K3,aTb,'iTonpoBKTB norpyiKenia ajieiiTpn- necKaro Kaóena Ha3110
OKeaua— cyMacmepiee npeppiaiie.06n3aHHocTH npotfteccioHanbHaro para tobho TaKHte ne o6xop;iTca
6e3B JKeprBB: Bpa mi. bo BpeMH aniipeMifl, MinepB bb nippaxB 3eMJiH yMiiOTB yMHpaTb...
Bpiaimie bcAxb 0tixb MyaeHHKOBB nporpecca, 9thxbbohiiobb, CTpa- riaioinnxB h riiÓHyuinxB 3a ó.iaropopnoe rni.io, TporaeTB nacB h Bbi3W- naeTB Hanie cooyBCTBie; hooho ne pjhkho jmrnaTb nacB MyatecTBa. Korp OTenecTBO bb onacHOCTH, ktoikib hhcb CTaneTB KO.neóaTbca ne-
pejb BonpocoMB, b3htbch eay 3a opyaiie mii hAtb, iio^b tBmb npepo-
roMB, hto ero CTpauiHTB cMepTb npepoBB, niKorpa naBiunxB na iio.nm. 6iitbb? TepoHBMB naiHHXB tBtojib ne pMcTByeTB na hhcb yrHeiaio-
IIIII MB 0Ópa30MB; HaiipOTHBB, OHB BOO^yiHeB.lHCTB, CJyiKa p a HHCB
npHMipOMB...
To
VKC flOJIJKHO HMiTb MiCTO II BB OfwaCTH HayKli; TOTB 6bIJIB-6bI upaBCTBeHHbifl npecTynHHKB, kto OTRasaaca-óbi otkpmtb pyny ii3bCTpaxa BbinycTHTb saK.iiOMCHHbia bb nefl iicTimbi: totb 6i.i.ib Obi rpycB,
kto 0TCTynii.iB-6bi nepejjB TaiKCCTbio Tpyp h
para,
noTOMy tohbko, hto ero upepiecTBeHHHKH, paHbrne nopnaaBinieca na htomb nonpiipi, Hcnbrra.iH Heypon.JKmhb BenHKHXB ph6othhkobb nayiiii p.BKiia BO.sOyatpTb bb hhcb
9Heprii, mto cociaBJaen, Taimy ycritea, tmorpa raimy renia: bobc!>xb
c.iyiafiM, rpyyb— HeHcaepnacMMii hctohhhkbohjibi h y linienia.
«Msynaa MTO-mióypb, ciumjiB OnocTeiiB Tbeppii, nepeamBaenib Taajeabia ispcMena, ee nyBCTBya hxb mera; pi.iaeuibcn eaMB rocnopn-
homb cBoefl cypbObi, iianpaBjna cbok auiaim kb óaaropopnoi pian. Bypynii coiinB n CTpapaa nowa nenpepeBHO OesB bcbkoi napeatpbi na
ofiaeraeuie,, a 9to nory cKaaaTb no npapy u Mena ne BauopoapaiB bo
j/Kii; cyipecTByeTB ni,mto jiynuiee. mBmb naiepia,ibiiua naonaar/icnia,
tBmb OoraTCTBOj mIimb caao 3popoBbe, oto— aioóoBb kb eayiTJb*.
/(pyroe cooSpaatenie TaKare po«HO naMB pam iioppepamy. Meatpy iipiiMimaMii. iiojioBuaiomnMii MyneiniKOBB nayia!. cctb Tania, KOTopbia
yare iiaMeann bb hobomb oSipecTBi: OHi óepyTB iianaao ne bb crHxiaxB, a bb cbmomb MC.ioiif,i;l>. bb ero npeppa3cypKaxB, bb ero iieBfeKecTBB.
(MMIiTOITb. 1 3
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ronenia, iiMlannia ctoobko atepTBB bb npomiOMB, nepeciana yrpoaraib TOMy; KTO BBOpIITB MT0-mi6ypb HOBOe; HHKTO HXB H6 3HaCTB BB HaCTOH- n(ce Bpena. Mr,i MoaceMB eipe BiipiTb JlHBPHrcTOHOBB, ii
3
iieMoraioipiixBotb ii3HypiiTejibiibixB 6ojteee.fi na rearpli cboiixb nsojiipoBanifi, no
He ymuinn, yate Sonbine XpncTO(|)opoBB EoayaSoBB, 3aK0BbiBaeMbixB
bb pinn HeHaBHCTBK) n KpHBopymieMB. Heab3a ne BcnoMHHTb cb ypo- BOJbCTBieMB caipyioipKB yTrŁiiiHTe.!ibHbixB caoBB Eepnappena pe Cchb- Ilbeppa: * immii npepim ikimii bb acentenoMB bEk% bŁkb aonorofl ne- pepB hbmh ».
^Ba CToaiTia Toay nasapB PiiKe (1604— 1680), npopbiBHiifi bo
Opannin IOhjhbih KarnuiB, coepHHaroupfl ATaaHTimecKiii oneaHB cb Cpe-
pnseMHBiMB MopeMB, yaepB bb imineTf,. Bto rpoMapnoe npepnpiaTie
po chxb nopB eipe BbiabinaeTB Bceoń^ee ypiiiueHie. «Pime,— roBopiiTB
/(arecco, — BoopyatenHHfi, bmActo BcaKiixB imcTpyMeHTOBB, iijioxhmb
1 4 M.YHEHHKH HAyKH.
pyKOBopMaro nacTofimiBOCTbio i Bfcpofi '). Out. ynepB otb yTOMnema, bb MOMeHTii. Korp i;aiia,n> Oi-t/ib totobbkb OTKpbrriro. TiiraHTCKoe ooo- pyatenie ctohjio He Menie 17 mmjuohobb mbpobb. Phkb yfnuB na nero BecB CBOii KamiTajiT. h oeTaBiuB 6oJiie SByxB MMjioHOBB paroBB. «MoenpeppiaTie, riiicajB ona, Koab6epy bb 1667 rosy, caMoe pporoe I3B mohxb s^Tet; bb hcmb a BHaty cjiaBy, BH^y, hto ohobomb Hpa- BHTCH, HO a He BM/Ky BB HeMB IIOHb.ObT p a CeÓH. H aairbnutio CBOHMB S^THMB IIOHeTHOe HMH, HO He OCTaB.IIH) HMB SenCTB ».
Spijanie nejoniKa, yMHparoniaro óismiKOMB bb to Bpena, Korp ohb oOoramiB crpaiiy, onenb nenajbHo; ho bb hhhib b^kb oho yąte ÓoJBine ne BOTpinaeTca. Oepsimansbi Jleccencti, co3HsarorąeMy rernw KOTOpi»IXB MipB o6H3aHB BeJHKHMH paSOTHMH, ftapBHHH, OTKpblBaiOJUie yMy HOBBiH neponeKTHBH, ne SipTByiOTB; bb XIX CTOJiuin hxb He npecjrhsyroTB: H36paHHbie jio;ih. Tpypmieca thkhmb ofipasoMB bo cjiaBy CBoefi posHHH h na oaaro neJOBinecTBa, MisyiB OKpyateHHBie noHTe- HieMB h ysHBjeHieMB cbohxb ecrpaJKpHB.
TOHbKO BB npOHIJIOMB BH/IHMB Mbl, KHKB SopiOTCfl CpeflH OnaCHOCTefl, npenaTCTBifl h roHemft ara cjiaBHwe MyneHHKH nporpecca, Bbi3HBaa bb nacB ysHBaenie h Bosoy >K.ja u nauiy anepriio.
Ohjoco(|)b He sapo mb CKasajB: «upeRpacnic upiiposw, npeRpacnie iicKyccTBa, npeKpacnie nayKH, — nejoBiRB. oKa3biBaionsiflca cHannie 6iscTBifi».
HaRoneip., ne
3
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ypMB, hto, no rapeaemio Eiaca, oporo H3
B cbmhrpenecKHXB MyspenoBB, «caMbifi iiecnacTHbifl neaoBiKB totb, kto ne yMieTB BblHOCIlTb nccnacTifi».
i) PnKe bctpKthjh, poa IOhłhhh KaHajit, B p a *je5Hoe oraoineHie co bcKxt. ctopohb. Sa.MiHaTejiBHaa Bein,B, onnosHuia rjiaBHHMt o6pa30MT> nuia co CTopoHBi lOiKHBraT) ropo^OB^, KOTopne 6ojitme Bcero aojijkhbi6bijih BOcnojiB30BaTBca pe3yjn>xaTaMH ocymecTBaema Bejimcaro iipeffnpiaTia. 9ro itotomy, hto HacTHHH hhtgpgcł 3acTaBJiHJiT» 3aouBaTL oomift. K orja ohjit>
iiohhhtb BonpocB o6t> ocynieHm 6ojiott> SfbMoptb, to H^KOTopue hjighbi niTaTOBi. JEaHre- noKa BOcnpoTiiBHJiHCB 9toh paóoTis. Ohh óohjihcb, hto pa3i> 6ojiOTa npeBpaTaTca bt> na- xaTHBia 3eMJiiij hxt> xjt]E>Ó'b ynaneTB bt> niH i. Kojitóept yirfłJiT* o^Haiio He oopamaTB bhii- Mama Ha bth aroHCTiinecKia h cKpaaŁHHHecKia coo5pajKeHm.
TJIABA BT0PA 4Ł
3
aBoeBaHie seinoro juapa.
H ejIO B tK B CMOTpHTB H a 36MJIH), K a K t 6łi OHa ja jie K O h h n p o c T u p a ji a c B , K a m ho
CBOD HGOTBGMJIGMyjO COficTBeHHOOTŁ, K£tKT>
na nonpume cBoen (J)H3higckoh a hhtgji-
jieK T y ajiŁ H o ft j i a i e i Ł H O C i H .
BuMieAbMK ryMÓOMdmi.
TOoayMÓt, na oKJionft cbohxt, pefi, nncan. KaoTMbCKOMy ko- Upojno: «il Hanajit luaiian, ct> ronowecKaro B03paoTa n npo- f flOJUBajTL SopospTb Mopa p nociifparo BpeMcmi; bto— ncayc- i ctbo, KOTopoe pasmu 3iiaTL Bci, /Ke.iaioiiiie iiponHimyTb bt>
t;iE!iii»i nipa*.
Bejffliiift lXny33enT> roBopiuiB npaBp. Tafiubi namero nipa, ua-
yifiTBia ncTEHbi OTKpbiBaiOTC.il bytomt, ii3c«iri)T0Baiiiii npnpopi. IIOBTOMy nepBoe m^cto cpep aiopft, HanSoafee pcTOHHbreT. BOcnoMimania, mm
POaiKIIBI 0TB6CTH TjfiMT) E3ÓpaHHEKaMT), KOTOpbie nOCBSTMH CBOH) JKH3Hb
3aBoeBaniio 3eMHoro mapa.
rioTpucaKmuii npimkpB npepTaBnaerb immt, oaMT, EoayMóp 3tott>
ypBHTcabHbifl neaoB^KB, KOTopbiit ntHOio ynopnoi Gopbóbi ct> npeBpaT-
hoctamh cyp6u n iipepaaoypaMH coBpeMennnKOBp npioSpfcaT. p a
neaoBpiecTBa nonoBnny nanieś naaneTbi.
, XpcTO(j()opT) KojyMoT, fn.m. cbiHB upapabinHim ii popaca bt> Te- Hyił BT) 1436 rop. BmIiot^ ct, pyMa OpuTbinin BapijioaoMeeMT,, n IaKOBOMT), 0HT> noayniurb na popali xopomee o6pa30Banie n ct, neTbip- napaTE a Tm, ctejit. yhetech Mopeiuananiio. CoBepmEBB 3Kcnepn,iio BT> TyHECT), S y p p ii noBaTopi, bt. 1477 ro p nocliTnaT) HojiaHpo. Ilepep
3
TEMT. om. H^CKoabKO jiŁtt. amai. bt. .InccaGonl), rpt meniaca Ha (PcJiiirl) I ohecT) p IlaaecTpenao, pnepn oporo iicaycnaro Mopsim.E p a as EaEaa-niióypb upyraa cTpana mmaaacb eay Goalie iipiiBieKa- TOibHOH, noTOMy eto IIopiTrasia yate iyknoe CToafcTie imyMaaaa MipT. reorpaijtunecKEME OTKpbiTiaME. Brb ero ronoBk 3pt.im BcaiiKie mianu. Oht. crajM) npEJieatHO imynaTb iryni, biiobi. iipoaoaiennue MopaaaMH,
1 6 MyiEHHEIl HAyiiH.
u BCKopt Eo.iyM6a ocAaaja mmche coBepmiiTb iipe^iipiaiie, KOTopoe flOJUKHO óbijio o6e3CMepTHTb ero Ero h,Ajimo ae 6bM0, ehee oiiih-
óonao yTBepaijpuH, OTKpbiTie HOBaro obEih. Ohb xoTb,rb naimi nyTb Bb 11 h.j,i ii npeob ATjaimiaecKin OReaHb, OTbicKaib. Kain, oab caMb BbipasKajcfl, «BOCTOKb nocpe^cTBOMb 3ariafla».
9T0Tb IipOOKTb, HyaiHO 3aMrŁTHTb, He 6bMb HOBOCTbK) II .'laiHIMrUIb pasbiue MHorie yMbi: yneHbia TocKaHejM h i/pyrie ya?e /lyMara o neMb. Ho KojyMfjb nocBATMb ce6a Bceipkio ero ocypeoTBaeHiio— onb c/i.fc- aa.ib H3b Hero n/Mb CBoett jkh3hh.
XpHCTO(|»opb Eoay.M6b 6i>wb SfcpHb, a ero //lwio Tpefiosajio kojoc-
caibHbixb saTpaTb. Ohb o6pam;aaca Kb CBoeay OTenecTBy, TiijeTHO
npoca y ropowa reiiyii cpej/cTBb Ha nyTeraecTBie, a, naRouenp npep CTaBMb CBOli npoHRTb nopTyraabCROMy Ropom IoaHHy II, ROTopufi nepepab ero na paacMOTpAaie //Byxb 3HaMeHHTbixb KOCMorpaifiOBb. 9tii YMcm.ie Haiiuii, kto a/zea MopenaaBaTeaa nejiAna h B3^opHa. TEmb ne Meafce Ropojib ne pas/ciiajib HXb B3Ma/i,a h, aa MraoBeaie, no/panca BJiiiffliio oporo yMaaro h oópaaoiiannaro aeiOBto, neTpa Hopoaba,
noHHMaBuiaro, kto, «pa aoapacTaaia SoraTCTBa HopTyrajin. ayaaio nepcpfeaTb MopcRia npocTpaacTBa h otrpbitb nyTb, ROTopuS iio3bo-
•IHTb efi nOROpIITb MHOHteCTBO pa3.IHHHbIXb HHpOflOBb».
Ho loaimb II, cjiaóo^yiHHbifl h HeaMbaiiiia bojih, cnopo ckjiohhjch
aa CTopoay BparoBb EoayMGa, ripii btomb ohb ae toibro OTBeprayab npepoźKcaie iiejiiRaro reorpaafia, ho ae noimajca nocTymiTb cb hhmb eipe caMHMb aii3RHMb o6pa30Mb. 9totb oesnecTabiii Ropoab 3aBH3aJib cb EojiyMOoMb caoaieaia, noTpeSoBajib y Hero ero RapTbi, luiaabi, npiiRa- aajib cmy H3Jioa;aTb bb npacyTCTBia cBoero coBtra TeopewiecRyio
CTopoay //lwia a, OBja/pŁBiHii ero TaiaaMH, caapapjłb ae6ojbiaoe cypo, SOJiJKeacTBOBaBiaee aepen.ibiTb AuiaHTiaiecRiii oneaiib Bb naiipaibieniii. yRa3aaaoMb EoayjiOoMb, a BbipBaTb TaiaiMb oópasoMb y aioro aeao-
bArhiijio/i,b ero reHia.
Ho cypo, nocJiA neTbipcxpeBaaro njanania no aanpaBJieiiiio Rb 3aaa/iy, nocTtipo B03paTHJiocb Bb aopTb, aoTOMy hto mRimepa acny- raaacb 6ypa.
XpacTO$opb EoayMÓb pAiaiuęa noRHHyTb CTpaay, o ROTopofi y nero momii coxpaHHTbCJi tojmro BOcnoMaaania, nonaaia ropeaii. Oab BTopaaao OTnpaBHJca Bb Teayio a B0306H0Bibib cboii apepojKeaia, no onaTb Oe.3b ycnfoa. 0,uiai;o iihhto ae oc.ia6Jia.io ero MyatecTBa.
HocjiA CT0.ibKiixb aenpiaTHOCTea, EoayMÓb 6bmb en/e pBepHb p
aeof)XOAHMOCTH CTyaaTbca Bb //Bepa 3a no,yaanieMb, a oab bto //'fejiaji.b,
rop//o iio/i,HHBb ronoBy, aaiib nenoBliRb, ROTOpwa BbinpaniaBaeTb p a Bcero ae.iOBrfeaecTBa B03M0JRH0CTb OTRpbiib hobmA cbAtb.
BeaHKil nyTeiaecTBeHHHRb Biia.n. bb Kpaflaioio SApocTb ii xo- p.iib Bb .ioxMOTbaxb; Rb flOBepiReaifo necoaoTr»;i, om> norepaab aceay
XPHCTO$OPB KOJiyMETi. 1 7
h sojiHieHB 6bijib saóoTHTfcca o cBoeiiB osHHHaspaTH.iATHeMB cbihA.
OpaJKSBi Ko.iyMÓL Ojiymp-iB bb OKpecTHOCTHXB ropowa IlanocB p -
Morect bb Ainui.iyain. Cny Halino om, OHymica y BopoTB <|>parpHCKaH- cKaro MOHacTŁipa, nociynajicn h iionpocMB HeMHoro Bopi.i a x.iA6a. Ha-
CToaTGiŁ MonacTBipa Xyani. Ileppirr, p-Iapnena iipiina.n, imocTpaHpa, cnpocHJiB y Hero, nopaateHHwfi 6.iaropo,ii,CTBOMB ero ochhkh, kto ohb
raKofl, h npumejiB bb KpaflHee ypBJieme, iiorp EojiynOB pa3CKa3a.n> eMy cboh) HCTopiio, ua.ioaai.rf, cboii iipo.9RTBi, 110xB.111.1n1 ct> iihmb cbo- IIMH fia;P‘rKvplMI1.
rocTenpiHMCTBO HacToaTeM ycTymi.10 mBcto HCRpeHHe.fi spyróA; EonyMÓB, Onaroppa 9T0My MorymecimMinoMy noKpoBHTe.no, mofl
6bitb npHHaTB nps iiciiaHCKOMB popA ii no.iyHHTB aypHpiio y ko-
po.ua OeppHanp h KopoaeBBi IfeaGeMBi.
XpHCTO<j>opB EojiymGb oTnpaBHica bb EoppBy, pA Haxop.icH ko-
pojrb, noMOipeHHbni 6opb6oio ct> MaBpann; nocjrA TipeTHBiXB ojkh- pmfi, p.niBiimxca pAjiBie mAchubi, oht>, HaKOHepB, tioóii.tcii Toro, hto
5biJiT> iipiMCTauJiein, (DeppnaHsy 11 IlBaóe.i.if,. BeaiiKifi hcjiobAkb pp- acaiB ce6a ckpomho, ho He po6Aa 11 ne nyBCTBya He.iOBROCTii: ohb cmotpAjtb na ce6a khkb aa «opyflie, ii36paHHoe He6oMB p a ncnojmema
ero b6Jihkhxb npepanepTamfi». OeppiiaiiyB ymiyB.n, bt> JiiiipoEOMB.
njioaint, Eo.iyM6a epepTBO 3aTMiiTi> Mopcsyio c.iaBy IIopTyra.iiH; ho, npeatp hAmb npH^Tii kr OKonaaTe.:iBnoMy pAinemio, ohb noateiait bbi- caymaTb komngte 11 tubixr cypli.
no npHKa3amio ncnaHCKaro rooyppa, coópanca cobAtb bt> Caaa-
mohkA, htoóbi paacMOTpiTb npepoateme KojiyMOa. 9totr cobAtb 6bi.it> COCTaBJieHB H3T> yHCHBIXB MOHaXOBT> II pepKOBIIBIXR CanOBHHKOBB, JIIO- pfi, iiper(yórBa;fp'iii[i,ixT, npoTHBR Toro, kto ocmAjiinsa.icii yhiitb hxt>.
Ohhob npespAmcMR cjiywajiii aBanTiopHCTa.
XpacTO<J)opy Eo.iyM6y npmMOCB BoapaaiaTB He iipoTHBB 1 laynimxi> ;p3Ka3;iT(‘.[BCTBrl>, a HpOTIIBR TeKCTOBR ólló.lill, MH npOTHBB TaKHXT>
3aMf>'iaHifl, KOTOpBiMH oipiiipuaci, Teopia aiiTimopBR, khkt, Hecorna- CHMaa ct> BApofi. Eny roBopn.ni, hto ec.m cyipecTByiOTR no Ty cto-
pony oiieanoBB naccoeiimia 3eM,iiH, to auaaiiTT, He bcA .nopii nponcxo- P tr otT) ApMa, Tam, Kain, npeatp ohh ne Mor.ni ate nepenjiBiBaTh
Mopefl; hto, no HOBOiiy 3aBATy, 3eM.n1 naocKa h noji,o6Ha orpoanoMy fliicKy; hto ec,m 6bi senna oia.ia iuapoo6pa3Ha, to noArB TponHKaMH HC.ii.3a 6i>iaa 6bi aiHTB, Bc.rBpCTiiie apesMApno bbicokoh TeMnepaTypw
9THXT> CTpailT) H T. fl., H T. fl. TaKIIMI, 0Ópa30MT>, BT> KOIipA K0HI],0BT>,
XpHCTOijio[ii, EonyMfiB, joBeflennun ,ąo innpeTBi, yBHsA.11> eipe, hto kl
neMy omocaTca, KaKi> ki> cyMacniesnicMy, 11 totobbi ero npepaiB anaeeMłi.
He Tepaa MyisecTBa, Oyyyuun 3aBoeBaTe.iB HOBaro cbAth nocjia.ii>
nucBMO Kopojno aarniflcKOMy, noTOMB onaTB,.Bi> naA 1489 r. o6paTH,ica
kb (Pepsiinaiisy h Il3aóe.i.if>, KOTopBie iipil>xa.ni bb EopiOBy nocnA
1 8 MAHEIIIIKll HAyKH.
uoxoii,a npoTHB-Ł Maiarn. Bsub nopaTB BonpooB o B03o6HOBJiemH 06- cyatflema ero npoaKia, ho npoiMH ropi h BonpocB ocTaica He pinnen-
hmmb. HaitOHenB, 3hmoio 1491 ro«a cajiaiaHECKifl coBfcTB, coBBaniibiii itoponeMB, nameit, hto «npoaKTB XpncTO(|)opa KonyMGa cycTcrn, h He- i;03M0VKein.. h ne nopóaeTB BejMiuoit rocysapaMB aaHHMaTbca npep
HpijrjiiiMii nonoónaro pop, ocHOBMBaacb Ha otojib o.ihomxb oooGpaate- [li;iXrI>. kbkb tL KOTOpiM ówjih npepTaBJieHM COBfey..
Mh He cTaneMB pascKasuBaTt o hobhxb nonbiTitaxB neyroMHMaro ii3caifl0BaTeaa; mm TaKHte nmero ne csaateMi o ero ptuieHiii oópa- THTbCH kb (J»paHH,y3CKOMy Koponio Kapay TUI, a nepeSpMB npfiMO
Kt TOMy MOMeHTy" Korp ero HaoTOiHHBOCTb h ynopcTBO yBfcHHaJiHOb
yonfcoMB. Bb (jieiipa.iB 1492 rop XpHCTO([)OpB KoayMÓt, óaaroppa
noKpoBHTe.iiŁCTBy «lio.(oi!in;a CeHB-AHHtejia, coopiniiua nopTeii bb no.miy
aparoHCKaro nysoBencTBa, KOTopiafi 6hjib o^hhmb H3B chmbixb yOAa;- piIHMXB CTOPOHHHKOBB CrO B3rJiapBB, HOiyHMB HOByiO aypmniio y KopoaeBM Ihaóe.i.ibi. flpy3ba, conpoBoapBinie KojiywSa, 3a11pma.n1 ero fltaO CB THKHMB JKHpOMB H THKB yOfnitpHJIO, HTO KOpOJieBa CEJIOHMaCb Ha ero cTopony h o61pa.ia b3htb na ceGa 3a6oTy o ero npeppiiiTiii.
Kojiymób, Iiooji-fe pawa.TMtTHHXB CTapanifl, no.nynruiB, HaKOHeip,
B03M0HtH0CTb BblHTH BB OTKpMTblfi OKCailT), CB 3BHHieMB apiHpaJia II
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He flonycTMB ero p 9Toro. «II coxpanio hxb, CKasaaB ohb, hh naMaib
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BoOapnnbi, upiiEa3a.ni B03BpaTHTb naiHHHKaMB CBoOoay.
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yace .Baimmiarbca hh opyiidcMB, hh ronoBOfi. Cb khkhmb BapsapcTBOMB
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CTBOMB, CTOHb XapaKTepHCTHHHbIMB p a ei’0 BiKU, KOTOpblfl BIIOCJlA^CTBill Obi.iB oaymeB.ienB iipeio ocBoOoaipHia cBaroro Fpoóa, remaiLHUfl MopenaanaTeib npeppimanB epe ueTBcpToe nyTeiuecTBie, KOTopoe, no ero MHiniio, pnarao 6bi.ro HecoMHiHHO oOoraTHTb Hcnaniio.
Ohb OTn.ibi.iB hsb Bapiica 9 napra 1502 rop, bb conpoBOJKpiiiir
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Ty3eMH,bi h iiepeOibUH Oojibiuyio hxb uacTb. Eo-ijmOb, atenaa cnacTir
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yrawe KopaÓJH 'iytl ne paaOMHCb bb perniH.
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apocr-(DEPpHAH/p. ROPTEH,b. 2 3
Btie yparaHŁi: Kaaajioob, no caoBaMb Konyiifia, nacTynaib Ronepb nipa... IIpoTHBHbia renenia yB.ieiun apiipaibCRiii RopaGab, ROToptifi, noBHpMOMy, piacenb 6buib [laaÓHTbca. ORinaaib B03MyTMca npoTiBb CBoero HanajibHHKa; Rb pBepineniio HeciacTinp asMnpaab saóojibjib n ne Mon. pimyTb hi pyRofi, hi norofi. EcjihBmne SHepria ero 6para, onb, p/ŁpoaTno. óu.i b 6bi yiepipp-jeirb MarpocaMU. Tbai, ne Mambę Be- jniKit TiyTcniecTBenHHKT) iipiohurb Bb Ceiri,-'I,o\iinir() n 7noa6pa 1 5 0 5 r. ornpaBMca Bb Hcnaniro. Eay 6m j i o niecTbpcaTb fleBHTb JibTb!
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31
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rejia, nopiBinaro Bantcy. aa ROTopofi Tbicann abn, cKpbinajacb rio- jiOBHHa BCMiioro mapa, i roBopiTb ycTann EyMfiojibpa: «Eo.nyM6b OKaaaiT. ycayry HeiOBbHeoTBy, oTRpbiBim nepep niMb ubawił Mipb npepeTOBb, poTonnbixb pasMiaunienia! nporpeccb HejoiibnecROit mrcjiu
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hoh i’[i;minr(), ryb OMbiniBaiOTCH
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Ha Xpicro(l)opa EonyMÓa mojkho cMOTpbTb, RaRb na ompeTBopeme XT Bbaa, ary epncTBennyio Bb cBoe.Mb pori,b ncTopiniccKyio 9noxy, 3T0Trb H
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óbiai, npiinyayenb BbiTepiibn, nosopb neciipaBe/pinBaro cy/jeGnaro npopecca. Ero cnaBnaa Kapbepa koiimnaaci, TbMb, hto onb iybabia niecTb jrf>Tb nanpacno oGiBaab nopori HcnancKaro RopojiencKaro yriopna. BonbTepb [laacRasuBaeTi,. hto, ne raba BOSMoainocTi ^a5R« rio.iyMiiTb ayaiennin y Eapaa T, EopTimi, pacTOJiRaib oynaiEpni Toiny,‘) Oh x nojiOMm ocHOBanie ncnaHCKOMy Baa^a^eCTiiy Bt AMepHKii. Pos. et, Mejea-
2 4 M,y<IEHHKH HAJrKH.
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nwn, na iioaisy HoBaro Cb^th. Kbkb cnpaBepHBO 6bmo CKaaano,
Ma-^epjtiiHaHAŁ Kopieiit.
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M areajiam,, npiraapeiKaBiiiifi ki,
BbicmeMy
nopiyraitcKOMy,po-
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p a p a m iIitb ott, po^y; ona,naiipami.Tca
kt, IImm h AippiiKt. IIoBOSBpaipe-
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