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Empowerment and its implementation in the process of counteracting the phenomenon of youth and adult social exclusion - report on participation in an international project under the 2014-2016 Erasmus + Strategic Partnership Project

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Empowerment and its implementation

in the process of counteracting the

phenomenon of youth and adult social

exclusion – report on participation

in an international project under the

2014-2016 Erasmus + Strategic Partnership

project

Jolanta Jarczyńska )DFXOW\RI3HGDJRJ\DQG3V\FKRORJ\ .D]LPLHU]:LHONL8QLYHUVLW\%\GJRV]F]3RODQG e-mail: jolanta.jarczynska@ukw.edu.pl Bartłomiej Walczak )DFXOW\RI3HGDJRJ\DQG3V\FKRORJ\ .D]LPLHU]:LHONL8QLYHUVLW\%\GJRV]F]3RODQG e-mail: walczak.ukw@gmail.com Abstract 7KHDLPRIWKHDUWLFOHLVWRGHVFULEHWKHHPSRZHUPHQWSURFHVVDQGLWVLPSOHPHQWD-WLRQLQVRFLDOZRUNLQWKHFRQWH[WRIFRXQWHUDFWLQJVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQLQ\RXWKDQGDGXOWV EDVHGRQWKHH[DPSOHRIWKHSURMHFWFDUULHGRXWLQWKH\HDUVWLWOHG´'HYHORS-PHQWRIWKHHPSRZHUPHQWRIHGXFDWRUVDQGEHQHÀFLDULHVLQWKHÀHOGRI\RXWKDWULVN DQGVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQµFRÀQDQFHGIURP(XURSHDQ8QLRQIXQGVZLWKLQWKH(UDVPXV SURJUDPPH$FWLRQ6WUDWHJLFSDUWQHUVKLSRISURIHVVLRQDOWHDFKLQJDQGWUDLQLQJ*UDQW 1R)5.$7KH(QJOLVKODQJXDJHFRQFHSWFDWHJRU\RIHPSRZHU-PHQWZKLFKGRHVQRWKDYHDVDWLVIDFWRU\HTXLYDOHQWWHUPLQWKH3ROLVKODQJXDJHZDV RSHUDWLRQDOLVHG LQ WKLV DUWLFOH 7KH HVVHQFH RI HPSRZHUPHQW LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI VRFLDO ZRUNZDVGHVFULEHGLQWKHDUWLFOHSRLQWLQJWRLWVVLJQLÀFDQFHPDLQO\LQWKHVFRSHRI FRXQWHUDFWLQJWKHSURFHVVRI\RXWKDQGDGXOWVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQ)XUWKHUPRUHWKHPDLQ DVVXPSWLRQVRIWKHLPSOHPHQWHGLQWHUQDWLRQDOSURMHFWZHUHVHWRXWLQWKHDPELWRIWKH GHYHORSPHQWRIWKHHPSRZHUPHQWRIHGXFDWRUVDVZHOODVRIEHQHÀFLDULHVZRUNLQJZLWK SHUVRQVDWULVNRIVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQDQGWKHUHODWLRQVKLSDQGUHÁHFWLRQVRIRQHRIWKH SURMHFWSDUWLFLSDQWVZHUHDOVRVKRZQ$QDWWHPSWZDVPDGHLQWKHDUWLFOHRQWKHEDVLV RIWKHH[SHULHQFHVJDWKHUHGZLWKLQWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDOUHVHDUFKSURMHFW WRDVVHVVWKHFRXUVHRIWKHHPSRZHUPHQWSURFHVVDQGLWVXVHIXOQHVVLQVHDUFKLQJIRU VROXWLRQVIRUHGXFDWLRQDOSUDFWLFHVLQWKHGRPDLQRIWKHVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQSKHQRPHQRQ Key words:HPSRZHUPHQWVWUHQJWKHQLQJVRFLDOLQFOXVLRQVRFLDOH[FOXVLRQEHQHÀ-FLDU\DWULVNJURXSVRFLDOZRUN

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Introduction

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Empowerment

- Definition problems, the essence of the term

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Empowerment in the context of social work

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The development of the empowerment of educators

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and social exclusion: the characteristics

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the Erasmus+ programme

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A report and reflections on participation

in the project of one of the project participants

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