The relationships with siblings in early adulthood - analysis of conditions
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(2) ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱǯȱ ȱȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ realized that the importance of this relationship dynamics for the course of ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ early childhood on the level of social and cognitive functioning of a human person ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşŞřDzȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ŗşŞśǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşşśDzȱ ¢ǰȱ ŘŖŖśDzȱ ǰȱ ŘŖŗŖDzȱ ¿Ȭ Ȭ¢ǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ£ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱŗŞȬŘŖȱ¢ȱȱřŖȬřśȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻ¢ǰȱŘŖŖśDzȱ££Úǰȱ ǰȱàÙ ǰȱŘŖŗśǼǯ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ from love and liking to disregard, hostility and sometimes even hate. They sought ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱĚǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationships, which are referred to as ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱǯȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻǰȱǰȱǰȱŘŖŖŗDzȱ ǰȱŘŖŗŖDzȱ ȬÙǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǯ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃȱ Ȅȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ȱ ȬǼȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ ȱȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭ ȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşşśǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ 1ǰȱ Ě2 and Rivalry3 (Stocker, Lanthier, ǰȱŗşşŝǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȬ¢ȱȱǻǯǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ ŗşşŜDzȱ ȬǰȱÙǰȱÚǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǯȱ. 1 The dimension of Wȱȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ǯ 2 The dimension of Ěȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱěȱȱȱǯ 3 The dimension of Rivalry refers to a degree in which siblings feel treated fairly or unfairly by WKHLUSDUHQWV :DOĊFND0DW\MDE
(3) . strona 342.
(4) ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱ they ¡ǯȱ Ĵȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǻǰȱǰȱŗşşśǼǯȱȱȱȱǰȱȱĴȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ period they are in and the related developmental tasks. What is more, there is ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻ ¢ǰȱŗşŞŖDzȱǰȱŗşşśǼǯȱǰȱȱěȱ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻ¢ǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱǰȱȱ¡ǰȱȱȂȱ ȱȱȱǻ¢ǰȱŘŖŖŚDzȱ ȬǰȱÙǰȱÚǰȱŘŖŗŚǼǯȱ ǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱǻ¢ǰȱŗşşŘǼǯ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ Ĵǰȱ ŗşŞŜDzȱ ¿Ȭ¢ǰȱ ŘŖŗśǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱę¢ȱěȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǻȱȱȱǼȱȱ ȱȱȱ¡¢ǯȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱ ǰȱ ¡ ǰȱ ŗşşŖDzȱ ǰȱ ǰȱ ŗşşŝǼǯȱ ǰȱ ¡ȱ ȱ events of a transitional nature, such as divorce, loss or serious illness of a family ȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻǰȱŗşşŘǼǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǰȱǯǯȱǰȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ parental status, on the other hand, it appears that childless persons foster stronger ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱǻǰȱǰȱŗşşśǼǯ strona 343.
(5) ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱĜȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȦ ȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱŗşşŜǼǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǻȱǰȱ£ǰȱǰȱŘŖŗŗǼǯ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǻŗşşŝǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱDZȱ¢ȱȦĜǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱǯ The fact that so many authors identify life events of an individual or family ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȂȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱǯ ǯȱǰȱ ȱęȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȃȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱǯȱȱȱ understands the concept of ȱȱȃȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȬěȱȱȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃǻdzǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱěȱȦȱǼȄȱǻǰȱŗşşşǰȱ ǯȱŘřǼǯȱȱȱǯ ǯȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ with ȱ4, ȱ5 and ȱ6ǰȱȱȱęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǰȱ Ȃȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱ ǻǰȱŗşşşǼǯȱ ȱ Ěȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǻ ǰȱ ŗşşŚǼǯȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǯ. ȱ is a cognitive component of empathy and a good predictor of optimal social functioning. 5 ȱ is an empathy component connected with willingness to engage in relationships with other people. 6 ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ¡ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ Ċ£ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǯ 4. strona 344.
(6) Research aim, questions and hypotheses ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ǰȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱȱěǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ DZ ŗǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǵȱ Řǯȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ ǵ řǯȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ǵȱ. ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱDZ. ¢ȱ ŗDZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻǯǯȱǰȱǰȱȱǼǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȂȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃǯȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱŗşşśDzȱ ǰȱǰȱŗşşśǼǯ. ¢ȱ ŘDZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱĴȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻǰȱ ǰȱŗşşśǼǯ. ¢ȱřDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǰȱŗşşşǼǯȱ. ¢ȱ ŚDZȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationship psychological dimensions and the empathy ones. A high level of ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻěǰȱ Knowledge, Intimacy, Emotional Support, Admiration, Similarity, Instrumental ǰȱǼȱǻ Ċ£ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǯ. ¢ȱ śDZȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱǻǯǯȱǰȱĚǰȱ¢Ǽǯȱ. Method Participants ȱȱȱŝşȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱRàĊǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ was 27.15 years (ȱ ƽȱ ŚǯŘřŚǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ strona 345.
(7) ȱDZȱȱ ȱMȱƽȱŘŝǯŖŝDzȱ = 4.845, for men MȱƽȱŘŝǯŘŚDzȱ = 3.522. The ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱRàĊǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǻŜŖƖǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ śŘƖȱ ǻŚŗȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȬȱȱǻȂȱǼȱǻśŝǯŝƖǼȱȱ¢ȱ ȱǻřŞǯŞƖǼǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǻŗǯřƖǼȱȱȱǻŗǯřƖǼȱ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǻŞŖƖǼȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻŜŗƖǼǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǻřŞǯŝƖǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ŜŗǯśƖȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ persons declared having children while 37.5% were childless. Measures ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǻǼȱ¢ȱǰȱȱȱȱǻŗşşŝǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¿Ȭ¢ȱǻŘŖŗŚǼȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǼȱ¢ȱȱǻŗşŞŖǼȱ ȱȱȱȱ Ċ£ǰȱǰȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǯ The pollȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ ȱ ȱȱǰȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱǰȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ǰȱȱǼǯ The Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire ǻǼȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ feelings toward the respondents. ASRQ includes 81 items, which make up three ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱǰȱĚȱȱ¢ǯ The dimension of ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱ¢ȱȱ ¢ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱŞȱDZȱěǰȱ ǰȱ Intimacy, Emotional Support, Admiration, Similarity, Instrumental Support and ȱǻȂȱ΅ȱǯşŝǼǯ The dimension of Ěȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱǰȱȱěȱȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱĚȱDZȱǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȱǻȂȱ΅ȱǯşŘǼǯ The dimension of ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱǻȂȱ΅ȱǯŞŝǼǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ Ȃȱ΅ȱǻȱȱȱȱȱȱȂȱ΅ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯŞŞȬǯşŝDzȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȂȱ΅ȱ ȱ ȱǯşŚȱȱǯŝśǼȱǻǰȱ ǰȱǰȱŗşşŝDzȱ ¢ǰȱŘŖŖŜǼǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ¡ȱ ¢Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȃ ¢ȱ¢ȄȱǻŗȱǼȱȱȃ¡¢ȱȄȱǻśȱǼǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱŖȱȱŘȱȱȱȱ ȱ strona 346.
(8) ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱǻŖȱǼǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻŗȱǼȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱǻŘȱǼǯȱ The Empathic Sensitiveness ScaleȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱŗşŞŖǰȱ ȱ the assumption that the phenomenon of empathy consists of several separate, yet interconnected constructs of an emotional and cognitive nature. The Polish ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱ Ċ£ǰȱǰȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǯ The study to adapt the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale to the Polish conditions ȱŘŝŞȱȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱŘŞȱǰȱȱȱęȬ ȱDZȱ ȱ¢ȱǰȱ ȱȱǰȱ Ȃȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱǰȱ ȱ¢ȱǯȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDZȱȱǰȱ ȱ ȱ andȱ ȱ . The scale of Fantasy was not taken into account. Below there is a short description of the three enlisted scales. ȱȱȱǻǼȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱ ȱ a great need for closeness with other people and a feeling of kindness for them. They would also have rich imagination. On the other hand, such people tend to ¢ǰȱȱ¡ȱ¡¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ a moderate positive correlation with the strict following of the socially accepted rules ȱǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ and avoiding closeness with other people as well as a preference of individual work ȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱę¢ȱȱȱ ǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȃȱȱȱȄǯȱ ȱȱȱǻǼȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱǯȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȃȱ ¢Ȅǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¡¢ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱĜȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȃȱ ȄȱȱȱȱȱȬȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ the environment, which could increase the feeling of insecurity. ȱȱȱǻǼǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ of good social functioning. Persons with high scores in the PT scale are kind and understanding for other people. Moreover, they are characterized with assertiveness, ȱȱȱǰȱȱȬȱȱ ȱȱȱ rules. The PT scale is negatively correlated with reluctance to open to other people ȱȱȱȃ Ȅȱȱǯȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ¡¢ǰȱ which is a sign of their high interpersonal skills.. strona 347.
(9) ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻȱ DZȱ ŖǯŝŞDzȱ ȱ DZȱ ŖǯŝŞDzȱȱDZȱŖǯŝŚǼȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻŗşŞŖǼǯȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȂȱ¢ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱŖǯŝřȱȱŖǯŝśȱȱ ȱȱ from 0.68 to 0.77 for men. The presented tool is characterized with a good criterion ȱȱ¢ȱǻ Ċ£ǰȱǰȱ ǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǯ Procedure ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ŘŖŗŚȬŘŖŗśȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ RàĊǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęȱǯȱȱȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ 20 minutes and was done free of charge. Statistical analyses The collected empirical material was analysed, using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 computer software. The statistical analysis of the research results referred to the ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ Ȃȱ Ȭǰȱ ȱ ȱȬȱȱĜȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ were applied. ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱęȱȱ¢ǰȱȱ¢ȱȱǻnȱƽȱŝşǼȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱȱęȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱǯȱȱęȱȱǻnȱƽȱřŖDzȱřŞƖǼȱȱ persons in emerging adulthood7ǰȱǯǯȱȱȱȱȱŗŞȬŘśȱ¢ȱǻĴǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǰȱ ȱ the other group (nȱƽȱŚşDzȱŜŘƖǼȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȮȱŘŜȬřŜȱ¢ȱ of age. ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǰȱǯȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱ of sisters (nȱƽȱŚŗDzȱśŘƖǼȱȱȱȱȱȱǻnȱƽȱřŞDzȱŚŞƖǼȱ ȱǯȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱęȱ ȱȱęȱȱǻnȱƽȱřŖDzȱřŞƖǼȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱǻnȱƽȱŚşDzȱŜŘƖǼǯ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǯȱ ȱ ¡ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȮȱȱȱȱȱ ȱěȱǻnȱƽȱŚşDzȱŜŘƖǼȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻnȱƽȱřŖDzȱřŞƖǼǯȱ. ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱĴȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǰȱȱǯ 7. strona 348.
(10) Results ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ The results of the carried out analyses allow for the statement that in the ȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱęȱěȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱǻǯǯȱǰȱĚǰȱ¢ǼȱǻȱŗǼǯȱ ȱŗǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationships in early adulthood in terms of age Surveyed groups. 18-25 n = 30. 26-36 n = 49. . df. p. 35.85. -.114. 77. .909. 47.8. 15.54. .404. 77. .665. 4.3. 5.09. -.419. 77. .677. Relationship dimensions Warmth. M. . M. . 150.8. 36.31. 151.8. Ě. 49.4. 16.76. Rivalry. 3.7. 6.87. DZȱ ȱ . ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ in emerging adulthood received lower average results (MȱƽȱŗşǯŘŚDzȱȱƽȱśǯŖŜǼȱȱȱ dimension of Intimacy than those in early adulthood (MȱƽȱŘŗǯŚŘDzȱȱƽȱśǯřŜǼǯȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȃȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱěȱ£ȱ¡ȱȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱǻȱǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬŗǯŞśDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖŚşDzȱdȱƽȱŖǯŚŘǼǯȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ£ǯȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱŗȱǻęȱŗǼǯȱ. strona 349.
(11) ȱŗǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ dimensions in terms of age DZȱ ȱ . ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱȱ ěȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬŗǯŘŗřDzȱpȱǀȱǯŘŘşǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŝşŞDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚŘŝǼǰȱěȱȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŝŞŝDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚřŚǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŝŗŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚŝŞǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŞśśDzȱ pȱǀȱǯřşśǼǰȱȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŗŜśDzȱpȱǀȱǯŞŜşǼǰȱȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŜŖśDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯśŚŝǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ȬǯşřŞDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯřśŗǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯŞŘŖDzȱ pȱǀȱǯŚŗśǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱşřŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯřśřǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯřŞśDzȱpȱǀȱǯŝŖŗǼǰȱȱ Rivalry (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯşśşDzȱpȱǀȱǯřŚŗǼǰȱ ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŖŚŘDzȱpȱǀȱǯşŜŜǼǯ ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱ Studying ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱ¢ȱǰȱĚȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱǻȱŘǼǯ. strona 350.
(12) ȱŘǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationship in early adulthood in terms of gender Surveyed groups Relationship dimensions Warmth Ě Rivalry. Sisters n = 41. Brothers n = 37. M. . M. . 154.3 47.3 3.6. 35.34 14.91 4.98. 148.3 49.5 4.63. 36.49 17.08 6.61. . df. p. .726 -.634 -.793. 77 77 77. .458 .528 .462. DZȱ ȱ . Going deeper into the issue of the psychological determinants of the adult ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱĚȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǻnȱƽȱŚŗDzȱśŘƖǼȱȱȱ (nȱ ƽȱ řŞDzȱ ŚŞƖǼȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱřǯŝřŝDzȱpȱƽȱǯŖŖŖDzȱdȱƽȱŖǯŞŞǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱȬřǯşřśDzȱpȱƽȱǯŖŖŖDzȱȱƽȱȬŗǯřŚǼǰȱ ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱřǯŚŜŖDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖŖŗDzȱdȱƽȱŖǯŞŞǼȱȱ¢ȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱŘǯŝŞŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖŖŝDzȱdȱƽȱŖǯŝŞǼǯȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱǯȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ¢ȱǯȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱŗȱǻęȱŘǼǯ. ȱŘǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ dimensions in terms of gender DZȱ ȱ strona 351.
(13) ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ęȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ DZȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ȬǯŜşŚDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŚşŖǼǰȱ ěȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯśŗŖDzȱ pȱǀȱǯŜŗŗǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŜřşDzȱpȱǀȱǯśŘśǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŞŗŜDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚŗŝǼǰȱȱ Rivalry (ǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯŖşŞDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯşŘŘǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯŖŘŖDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯşŞŚǼǰȱ ȱ Support (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŜśşDzȱpȱǀȱǯśŗŘǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŖřřDzȱpȱǀȱǯşŝŚǼǰȱȱ¢ȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŝŜŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚŚŝǼǰȱ ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱŗǯŖśŗDzȱpȱǀȱǯŘşŝǼǯ ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ęȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ȱ ǻȱřǼǯȱ ȱřǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationship in early adulthood depending on their perception of economic situation Surveyed groups Relationship dimensions. Satisfaction with Dissatisfaction with econ. sit. econ. sit. n = 30 n = 49. . df. p. M. . M. . Warmth. 150.1. 35.34. 152.2. 36.41. .243. 77. .809. Ě. 48.0. 16.14. 48.6. 15.96. .159. 77. .874. Rivalry. 4.7. 5.38. 3.6. 6.05. -.818. 77. .416. DZȱ ȱ . ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ěȱ ȱ ǻęȱ řǼǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ Instrumental Support (ǻŝŜǼȱƽȱŘǰŘŞŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖŘśDzȱdȱƽȱŖǯśŚǼǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻMȱ ƽȱ ŗŞǯŜşDzȱ ȱƽȱŚǯŜśŖǼȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱĴȱǻMȱƽȱŗŜǯřŖDzȱ ȱƽȱŚǯŘŗşǼǯȱ ȱȂȱȱěȱ£ǰȱȱ ȱȱȱěȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱęȱ¢ȱŗǯȱ. strona 352.
(14) ȱřǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ dimensions in terms of their perception of material conditions DZȱ ȱ . ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱěȱȱȱ ǰȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱęȱȱěȱDZȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬŗǯŚŘŜDz pȱǀȱǯŗśŞǼǰȱ ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŝřŝDzȱpȱǀȱǯŚŜřǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯśśŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯśŞŗǼǰȱěȱȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯśŘŖDzȱpȱǀȱǯŜŖśǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŖřŗDzȱpȱǀȱǯşŝśǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯşŞŘDzȱ pȱǀȱǯřŘşǼǰȱȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼƽȬŗǯŖşśDzȱpȱǀȱǯŘŝŘǼǰȱȱȱǻǻŝŝǼƽȱȬǯşşŘDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯřŘŚǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯřŘśDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŝŚŜǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼƽǯŝŝŚDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŚŚŗǼǰȱ Acceptance (ǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ŗǯŖŘśDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯřŖŞǼǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ȬŗǯŗŖŖDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŘŝśǼǰȱ Knowledge (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŖśŞDzȱpȱǀȱǯşśŚǼǯ ěȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱęȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȬ ȱ ȱ ǰȱ Ĵȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ . The ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǻǯǯȱǰȱĚȱȱȱ¢ǼȱǻȱŚǼȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱȱęȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱǯȱ. strona 353.
(15) ȱŚǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationship in early adulthood in terms of parental status Surveyed groups Relationship dimensions. Childless person n = 30. Parental status n = 49. . df. P. M. . M. . Warmth. 151.5. 35.79. 151.6. 36.40. .044. 77. .965. Ěȱ. 46.8. 14.10. 49.3. 17.02. .667. 77. .507. Rivalry. 3.8. 6.72. 4.2. 5.22. .259. 77. .796. DZȱ ȱ . ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ Ěȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ DZȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŘŖDzȱpȱǀȱǯŞřŜǼǰȱ ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯŖŞşDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯşřŖǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ȬǯŘŘŝDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŝŞŘǼǰȱěȱȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯŜŜŝDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯśŖŝǼǰȱ Opposition (ǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ŗǯŚŖşDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŗŜřǼǰȱ ȱ ǻǻŝŝǼȱ ƽȱ ǯřŘśDzȱ pȱ ǀȱ ǯŝŚŜǼǰȱ ȱ Rivalry (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŞşŚDzȱpȱǀȱǯřŝŚǼǰȱȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŚŘřDzȱpȱǀȱǯŜŝřǼǰȱȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŜŜşDzȱpȱǀȱǯśŖŜǼǰȱ ȱȱǻǻŝŜǼȱƽȱȬŗǯŖŚŘDzȱpȱǀȱǯřŖŖǼǰȱȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱŗǯŜřŝDzȱpȱǀȱǯŗŖŜǼǰȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱȬǯŖŞŘDzȱpȱǀȱǯşřśǼǰȱȱ¢ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱ ȬǯŚřŝDzȱpȱǀȱǯŜŜŚǼǰȱ ȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱǯŚŞŘDzȱpȱǀȱǯŜřŗǼǯȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱęȱȱŚǯȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱęȱǯȱ. ȱŚǯȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ relationship dimensions in terms of parental status DZȱ ȱ . strona 354.
(16) ěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ brothers in early adulthood ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ persons, the factor of gender was taken into account since, as it was shown in the ¢ȱȱ Ċ£ǰȱȱȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǰȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱęȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǰȱ i.e. Empathic Concern, Personal Distress and Perspective Taking. ¢ȱȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ (ǻŝŝǼȱƽȱŘǯŘŘŞDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖŘŝǼȱȱȱȱǻǻŝŝǼȱƽȱŘǯŗŚřDzȱpȱǀȱǯŖřśǼǯȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱ¢ȱ ȱǯȱȱȱȂȱȱ¡ǰȱȱęȱȱȱ ěȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻśȬŜȱǼȱǻȱŗǼǯȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱǯǯȱȱ Concern and Perspective Taking, are positively correlated with social adaptation. ȱȱȱ ȱȱȂȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱǯ ȱśǯȱȱěȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ Surveyed groups . Sisters n = 41. Brothers n = 37. . df. p. d. M. . M. . Empathic Concern. 41.3. 7.82. 37.8. 6.07. 2.228. 76. .027. 0.51. Personal Distress. 22.3. 4.39. 21.1. 4.87. 1.202. 76. .233. 0.27. Perspective Taking. 34.7. 4.96. 32.3. 4.86. 2.143. 76. .035. 0.49. DZȱ ȱ . Correlations between sibling relationship dimensions and the empathy level Basing on the overview of the related literature, it was assumed that in the ȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¡ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ǻȱ ǰȱ ȱ Ǽȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻ¢ǰȱ ¢ǰȱ ěǰȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱ ȱ ǰȱǰȱ Ǽǯȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ¢ȱȱǰȱǯǯȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǻǼǰȱ ȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱǻęȱśǼǯ. strona 355.
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(26) ȱȱ¢ȱȱǻȱǼȱȱȱȱȱ Ȯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǻǰȱ Ěǰȱ ¢Ǽȱ ǻȱǼǯȱȱŜȱȱȱęȱȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱ8. ȱȱȱǰȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱĜȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ surveyed group (nȱ ƽȱ ŝşǼȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ¢ȱęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱŜǯȱȱ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ group of adults ȱȱȱ ȱȱ Personal Distress. Collinearity statistics. B. SEB. ß. p. Tolerance. VIF. 1.770. .855. -.230. .042. 1.000. 1.000. ȬȱȱƽȱǯŖśřȱȱȱp = .042 ȱȱȱĚȱȱ Personal Distress. Collinearity statistics. B. SEB. ß. p. Tolerance. VIF. -.516. .387. -.151. .186. 1.000. 1.000. ȬȱȱƽȱǯŖŘřȱȱȱp = .186 ȱȱȱȱȱ Empathic Concern. Collinearity statistics. B. SEB. ß. p. Tolerance. VIF. -.087. .081. -.121. .287. 1.000. 1.000. ȬȱȱƽȱǯŖŗśȱȱȱp = .287 ȱȱȱȱDZ ȱȮȱȱȱȮȱĜȱȱ ȱȮȱĜȱȱ SEB – error level Ά – Beta ratio pȱȮȱęȱ DZȱ ȱ . 8 ȱȱ ȱ means starting from the full model taking into account ȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱǻȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢Ǽȱǻ¢Úǰȱ ČǰȱŘŖŗŘǼǯ. strona 357.
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