ɇɈȼɕȿ əȼɅȿɇɂə ȼ ȽɊɍɉɉȿ ɌȿɊɆɂɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɇȺɁȼȺɇɂɃ ɐȼȿɌȺ ȼ ɊɍɋɋɄɈɆ əɁɕɄȿ
NEW PHENOMENA IN THE GROUP OF TERMINOLOGICAL COLOUR NAMES IN RUSSIAN
ȺɇȾɀȿɃ ɇȺɊɅɈɏ
ABSTRACT. The article presents an attempt at structural and semantic description of terminological colour names in Russian. The material comes from The Catalogue of Colour Names in Russian, design magazines and Internet. The names under study differ structurally. More and more often nouns and phrases function as colour terms. One of the most important functions of the new colour terms is the advertising function. Many units are marked stylistically and emotionally. Andrzej Narloch, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, PoznaĔ – Polska.
Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɨɛ-ɳɟɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɬɟɪɦɢ-ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɞɟɪɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɮɟ-ɪɚɯ, ɤɚɤ: ɦɨɞɚ, ɞɢɡɚɣɧ, ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɚ, ɥɚɤɨɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɹ (ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɵ), ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵ-ɤɟ1. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɤɨɦɭ ɤɪɭɝɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɦ, ɤɨ-ɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ: ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɰɜɟɬ ɢ ɞɜɢ-ɠɟɧɢɟ. ɋ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɰɜɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ________________ 1 Ⱥ.ɉ. ȼ ɚ ɫ ɢ ɥ ɟ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ɋ.ɇ. Ʉ ɭ ɡ ɧ ɟ ɰ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɋ.ɋ. Ɇ ɢ ɳ ɟ ɧ ɤ ɨ, Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2002.
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɇɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ, ɞɚɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ-ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɰɜɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ. ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ ɫɢɦ-ɜɨɥɢɤɚ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɭɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ2 . ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɚ ɰɜɟɬ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɨɩɥɟɤɭ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɩɟ-ɪɟɞ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɤɥɸ-ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɨɪ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɧ-ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɚ-ɞɚɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɳɢ-ɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ, ɫɪ.: ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɦɚɤ, ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ, ɤɚɥɢɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɢ ɚɪɛɭɡɧɚɹ ɦɹɤɨɬɶ, ɜɚɪɟɧɚɹ ɫɜɟɤɥɚ, ɧɢɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɤɚɬ, ɫɩɟɥɚɹ ɜɢɲɧɹ. ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɪɢ-ɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɟɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɜɭɚɥɶ, ɡɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɹ, ɡɟɥɟɧɨɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ, ɜɟɧɫɤɚɹ ɡɟɥɟɧɶ, ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɮɟɣɟɪɜɟɪɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɵɫɤɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɦɚɪɚɝɞ, ɯɜɨɹ ɫɨɫɧɵ, ɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɬɚɣɝɚ, ɬɚɟɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɳɚ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɟ ɤɨ-ɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɶɦɟɦ, ɤ ɩɪɢ-ɦɟɪɭ, ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ: ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɣ ɡɚɤɚɬ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɣ ɩɟɪ-ɫɢɤ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɝɢɹ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɚɹ ɛɨɝɢɧɹ, ɛɪɨɧɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɵɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɣ – ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟ-ɧɢɟ, ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ (ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ), ɬ.ɟ. ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɨɦɢ-ɧɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɟɪɧɵ ɫɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɉ. ȼɚɫɢ-ɥɟɜɢɱɚ: „ɍɞɚɱɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ, ɱɟɦ ɫɚɦ ɰɜɟɬ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ”3 . „ɐɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ” ɡɚ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɹɡɵɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɧɭɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɬ ɤ ɷɤɫ-________________ 2 Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼɚɡɵɦɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ, „ɐɜɟɬ ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ (ɬ.ɟ. ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢ-ɜɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼɬɨɪɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɞɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ, ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ – ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɭ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɝɭɪ (ɤɪɭɝ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ, ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɤɭ ɞɪɚɝɨɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɦɧɟɣ” (ɫɦ.: Ȼ.Ⱥ. Ȼ ɚ ɡ ɵ - ɦ ɚ, ɐɜɟɬ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ. Ɇɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ 2001, ɫ. 8). 3 Ⱥ.ɉ. ȼ ɚ ɫ ɢ ɥ ɟ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ɋ.ɋ. Ɇ ɢ ɳ ɟ ɧ ɤ ɨ, ɋ.ɇ. Ʉ ɭ ɡ ɧ ɟ ɰ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɐɜɟɬ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɜɚ-ɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, „ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɊɎɎɂ” 2000, ʋ 1 (19).
ɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɟ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɭɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɡ-ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫ-ɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɩɨɞ-ɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɸɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ (ɢɥɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ) ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɫɪ.: ɪɚɫɫɜɟɬɧɵɣ ɛɪɢɡ, ɪɨɡɚ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ, ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɰɜɟɬɟɧɢɟ, ɜɟɱɟɪɧɹɹ ɪɨɡɚ, ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɪɮɨɪ, ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥ, ɚɧɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɤɭɥɶɩɬɭɪɚ, ɪɨɡɚ ɚɰɬɟɤɨɜ, ɮɪɟɫɤɢ ɉɨɦɩɟɢ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɚɯ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ4 . ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɩɨɬ-ɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɪɟɱɢ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɪɨɞɨ-ɜɵɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɰɜɟɬ, ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɵ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɫɬɵɜɚɸɬ, ɫɪ.: Ɇɚɲɢɧɚ ɢɦɟɥɚ ɰɜɟɬ ɨɩɚɥ; ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜɨɫɯɢɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɮɶɨɪɞ; Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɲɟɥ ɨ ɰɜɟɬɟ ɧɚɪɰɢɫɫ. ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɚ – ɹɜ-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɨɪɚ-ɬɢɜɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɥɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɫɬɶ, ɦɨɤɪɵɣ ɚɫɮɚɥɶɬ, ɩɟɪɟɰ ɫ ɫɨɥɶɸ (ɫɩɟɰ.). ȼ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧ-ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɫɟ-ɦɚɧɬɢɤɭ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚ, ɫɪ.: ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɤɪɭɢɡ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, ɱɟɪɧɚɹ ɚɤɭɥɚ ‘ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɫɟɪɵɣ’, ɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɫɤɚɥɵ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɫɟɪɵɣ’, ɡɚɝɚɞɨɱɧɚɹ ɨɪɯɢɞɟɹ ‘ɤɪɟɦɨɜɨ-ɛɟɥɵɣ’, ɱɟɪɧɚɹ ɧɨɱɶ ‘ɱɟɪ-ɧɵɣ’, ɤɚɥɢɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ‘ɤɪɚɫ‘ɱɟɪ-ɧɵɣ’, ɪɭɛɢɧ Ɇɨɧɝɨɥɨɜ ‘ɹɪɤɨ-ɤɪɚɫ‘ɱɟɪ-ɧɵɣ’, ɢɫɥɚɧɞɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɪɚɥɥ ‘ɤɨɪɚɥɥɨɜɵɣ’, ɱɟɪɧɢɥɚ ɨɫɶɦɢɧɨɝɚ ‘ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɣ’, ɜɟɧɟɰɢɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɡɚɢɤɚ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɣ’, ɡɢɦɧɢɟ ɫɭɦɟɪɤɢ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɫɢɧɢɣ’, ɝɨɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɩɚɞ ‘ɝɨɥɭ-ɛɨɣ’, ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ ‘ɫɟɪɨ-ɝɨɥɭ‘ɝɨɥɭ-ɛɨɣ’, ɜɨɥɧɵ Ȼɨɫɮɨɪɚ ‘ɝɨɥɭ‘ɝɨɥɭ-ɛɨɣ’, ɤɪɟɦɥɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɟɥɶ ‘ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɦɚɥɚɯɢɬɨɜɵɣ ɝɪɨɬ ‘ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɛɚɥɬɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɩɥɹɠ ‘ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, ɝɪɢɜɚ ɥɶɜɚ ‘ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ’ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɢ ɡɚɫɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɠɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. Ɉɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɢ. ɇɚɢ-ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɜɭɱɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ (ɪɟɠɟ ɧɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ) ɧɚɢ-ɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɚ ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ (ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚ) ɨɩɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɡɨɥɨɬɨɣ ɥɢɥɨɜɵɣ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɢɧɨ-________________
4 ɋɦ. ɫɬɚɬɶɢ: M. B o r e j s z o, O nazwach kolorów farb malarskich w polszczyĨnie, „Poradnik JĊzykowy” 2007, nr 9, s. 13–28; M. N o w a k, M. S m o l e Ĕ - W a w r z u s i - s z y n, Czy rzeczywiĞcie nazwy mówią? O handlowej grze w kolory, [ɜ:] Współczesne od-miany jĊzyka narodowego, red. K. Michalewski, ŁódĨ 2004, s. 290–297.
ɜɵɣ, ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɪɟɧɟɜɵɣ, ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɯɪɨɦɨɜɵɣ, ɛɟɥɵɣ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɵɣ5. ɋ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɫ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɦɭ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɜɵɫɬɭ-ɩɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ, ɫɪ.: ɛɟ-ɥɵɣ Ʉɚɫɚɛɥɚɧɤɚ, ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ Ɋɢɨ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ Ʉɨɥɨɪɚɞɨ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ Ɇɚɪɫɟɥɶ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɬɨɪɧɚɞɨ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɪ.: Casablanca white, green Rio ɢ ɞɪ.
ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɤɨɝɧɢ-ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɦɢɪɚ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɫɪ. ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ⱥ. ȼɟɠɛɢɰɤɨɣ, Ʉ. ȼɚɲɚɤɨɜɨɣ, ȼ. ɉɟɬɪɭɧɢɱɟɜɨɣ, ɂ. Ȼɟɥɹɟɜɨɣ, ȿ. Ɋɚɯɢɥɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪ.). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ-ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɰɜɟɬɨɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ-ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɠɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɣ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ, ɩɥɨɞɨɜ (ɹɝɨɞ, ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ). ɉɨ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ, ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɜɚ-ɬɪɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɪɹ-ɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɡɚ 80-ɟ ɢ 90-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ, ɫɪ.: ɚɧɚɧɚɫɧɵɣ (ɚɧɚɧɚɫɨɜɵɣ), ɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɡɟɦɥɹɧɢɱɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɤɥɭɛɧɢɱɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɤɥɸɤɜɟɧɛɚɤɥɚɠɚɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɨɫɢɧɨɜɵɣ, ɩɟɪɫɢɤɨɜɵɣ, ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪ-ɧɵɣ (ɩɨɦɢɞɨɪɨɜɵɣ), ɮɭɤɫɢɧɨɜɵɣ, ɰɢɤɥɚɦɟɧɨɜɵɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɫɪ.: ɛɨɥɨɬɧɵɣ, ɝɥɢɧɹɧɵɣ (ɝɥɢɧɢɫɬɵɣ); ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɜ: ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɵɣ, ɥɚɬɭɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɩɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɵɣ; ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ: ɚɧɬɪɚɰɢɬɨɜɵɣ, ɜɚɬɥɚɬɭɧ-ɧɵɣ, ɭɦɛɪɢɫɬɵɣ; ɪɟɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ: ɤɭɦɚɱɨɜɵɣ; ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ: ɝɨɪɱɢɱɧɵɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɫɬ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɯ, ɫɪ.: ɜɟɪɛɥɸɠɢɣ, ɩɨɪɨɫɹɱɢɣ ‘ɝɪɹɡɧɨ--ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ’. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɵ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢ-________________ 5 Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɹɞɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɹɡɵɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɚɦɢ, ɫɪ.: ɥɢɥɨɜɨ-ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɵɣ, ɦɚɥɢɧɨɜɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ, ɫɢɪɟɧɟɜɨ-ɪɨ-ɡɨɜɵɣ, ɯɪɨɦɨɜɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɨ-ɛɟɥɵɣ.
ɛɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɫ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɟɣ. ɇɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɚ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ), ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ, ɥɟɝɲɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨ-ɜɭ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ, ɜɜɢɞɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɰɜɟɬ, ɢɥɢ ɠɟ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɦ ɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɣ, ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɰɜɟɬ. ȼɨɡɶɦɟɦ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɰɢɤɥɚɦɟɧɨɜɵɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ-ɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚɦɟɧ (ɩɨ ɰɜɟɬɭ ɰɜɟɬɤɨɜ ɰɢɤɥɚɦɟɧɚ). ɐɜɟɬ ɥɟ-ɩɟɫɬɤɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɤɚ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ, ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɥɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɰɜɟ-ɬɨɜɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɥ ɹɪɤɨ-ɪɨɡɨɜɵɣ ɫ ɮɢɨɥɟɰɜɟ-ɬɨɜɵɦ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɣ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ-ɟɦɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɦ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɚ. ɋ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɟɞɢ-ɧɢɰɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɧɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢ-ɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜ-ɧɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɟɣ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɢɦɟɧ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɤɥɭɛɧɢɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɢɜɤɚɦɢ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ’, ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɚɛɪɢɤɨɫ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ’, ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɨɬɢɧ ‘ɨɪɚɧɠɟɜɵɣ’, ɤɚɤɚɨ ‘ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ’, ɧɚɪɰɢɫɫ ‘ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, ɨɩɚɥ ‘ɫɟ-ɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵ ɢ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵ, ɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɢɞɚ ‘ɤɪɚɫ-ɧɵɣ’, Ƚɨɛɢ ‘ɫɟɪɵɣ’, ɮɶɨɪɞ ‘ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, Ⱥɧɬɚɪɤɬɢɞɚ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, Ⱥɷɪɨɮɥɨɬ ‘ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ. ȼɩɟɱɚɬɥɹɸɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɦɢ-ɧɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ, ɜɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɰɜɟ-ɬɨɦ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɚ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤ: ɬɟɧɶ ɬɢɝɪɚ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ’, ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ ɬɪɢɭɦɮ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ’, ɜɨɡɞɭɯ Ʉɚɩɪɢ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɣ ɠɢɪɚɮ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ’, ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɞɨɠɞɶ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɩɟɫɧɹ ɠɚɜɨɪɨɧɤɚ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, ɲɟɥɟɫɬ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɜɨɥɨɫɵ ɪɭɫɚɥɤɢ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ’, ɩɟɫɧɹ ɞɨɠɞɹ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, ɨɫɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɚɭɬɢɧɚ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɤɚɩɪɢɡ ɪɭɫɚɥɤɢ ‘ɝɨɥɭ-ɛɨɣ’. ȿɳɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɫ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɨ-ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɨɩɨɧɢɦɨɜ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɢ, ɫɪ.: ɜɟɫɟɧɧɢɣ Ⱥɪɚɪɚɬ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ’, Ȼɚɝɞɚɞ
‘ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɝɨɥɭ-ɛɨɣ’, ɡɨɜ Ⱥɪɤɬɢɤɢ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɣ’, Ƚɨɛɢ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ’, ɫɨɥɧɟɱ-ɧɵɟ Ʉɚɧɚɪɵ ‘ɹɪɤɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, ɜɨɡɞɭɯ Ʉɚɩɪɢ ‘ɛɥɟɞɧɨ-ɠɟɥɬɵɣ’, Ʌɢɦɩɨɩɨ ‘ɬɟɦɧɨ--ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, Ɋɢɜɶɟɪɚ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ‘ɬɟɦɧɨ--ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɜɟɫɟɧɧɹɹ Ƚɪɟɧɥɚɧɞɢɹ ‘ɬɭɫɤɥɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɨ-ɝɨ-ɥɭɛɨɣ’. ɍɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɹɜ-ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɢɦɟɧ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ – ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɧɨɜɨɟ. ȼ ɪɟɱɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫɥɨ-ɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɟ/ɬɟɩɥɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ, ɤɪɢɱɚɳɢɣ/ɤɪɢɤɥɢɜɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɰɜɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ, ɝɭɫɬɨɣ, ɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɮɨ-ɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɢ. ɋɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ. ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ⱥ.Ɋ. Ʌɭɪɢɢ, „ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ), ɩɟɪɟɧɨ-ɫɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ)”6 . ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɋ.ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ, ɨɞɢɧ ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɞɜɚ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɪ, „Ɋɟɠɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɨɜɤɚ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬ-ɧɵɯ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ (ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɦɢ), ɧɨ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ”7 . ɇɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɨɡ-ɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ, ɜɤɭɫɨɜɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɟ) ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨ-ɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɣɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ „ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ĺ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ”, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɛɥɸ-ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ: ɩɢɤɚɧɬɧɚɹ ɩɚɩɪɢɤɚ, ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɤɟɬɱɭɩ, ɝɨɪɶɤɢɣ ɲɨ-ɤɨɥɚɞ. ȼɤɭɫɨɜɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɪ.: ɛɪɭɫɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɢɫɟɥɶ, ɤɥɭɛɧɢɱ-ɧɵɣ ɫɢɪɨɩ, ɜɡɛɢɬɵɟ ɫɥɢɜɤɢ, ɦɚɥɢɧɨɜɨɟ ɜɚɪɟɧɶɟ, ɫɚɯɚɪɧɚɹ ɜɚɬɚ, ɩɪɚɥɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɟɦ, ɚɪɛɭɡɧɚɹ ɦɹɤɨɬɶ, ɫɥɢɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɞɠɟɦ, ɦɚɥɢɧɨɜɵɣ ɣɨɝɭɪɬ, ɝɪɚɧɚɬɨɜɵɣ ɫɨɤ, ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɟɫɟɪɬ, ɟɠɟɜɢɱɧɵɣ ɞɠɟɦ, ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɧɵɣ ɞɟɫɟɪɬ, ɹɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ. ɇɟɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɫɥɚɞɤɢɦ, ɜɤɭɫɧɵɦ, ɫɜɟɠɢɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɥɚɞɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɢ-ɱɢɧɭ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɢ-ɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɢ ɧɟɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɦ ɬɨɜɚɪ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɝɭɛɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɚɞɵ ɫ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɜɤɭɫɧɵɦ, ɫɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɥɚɞɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɫ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɢ-________________ 6Ⱥ.Ɋ. Ʌ ɭ ɪ ɢ ɹ, Ɉɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɱ. 2, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1975, ɫ. 19. 7ɋ.ȼ. ȼ ɨ ɪ ɨ ɧ ɢ ɧ, Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɨɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ, Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ 1982, ɫ. 83.
ɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɨɦ8 . ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ-ɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɝɟɧɞɟɪɧɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ – ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɨɬɥɢ-ɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ „ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ĺ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ”. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɫɨɩɪɨ-ɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɥɨɜ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ: ɡɜɟɧɹɳɚɹ ɞɚɥɶ, ɦɟɥɨɞɢɹ ɞɨɠɞɹ, ɡɜɨɧɤɚɹ ɤɚɩɥɹ, ɡɜɨɧɤɢɣ Ȼɚɥɞɚɣ, ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɛɟɡɦɨɥɜɢɟ, ɲɟɩɨɬ ɧɢɦɮɵ, ɩɚɫɬɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɦɮɨɧɢɹ, ɤɨɫɦɢ-ɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɦɮɨɧɢɹ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ „ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟ-ɧɢɹ ĺ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɨɳɭɳɟ-ɧɢɹ”. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɟ ɬɟɦ-ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. ȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨ, ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɬɟɦ-ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɩɥɵɟ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɟ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ: ɤɢɩɹɳɚɹ ɥɚɜɚ, ɠɚɪɤɚɹ ɧɨɱɶ, ɡɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɬɵɧɢ, ɡɧɨɣɧɵɣ ɸɝ, ɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧ-ɧɚɹ ɛɪɨɧɡɚ, ɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ, ɝɨɪɹɳɢɣ ɤɚɦɢɧ, ɦɨɪɨɡɪɚɫɤɚɥɟɧ-ɧɚɹ ɩɚɭɬɢɧɚ, ɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ, ɡɚɤɚɬ ɦɨɪɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɨɫɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɝɥɢ, ɡɚɤɚɬ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɨɝɨɞɭ, ɩɪɨ-ɯɥɚɞɧɵɣ ɩɚɩɨɪɨɬɧɢɤ. ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ „ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɧɹɧɢɹ ĺ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟ-ɧɢɹ” ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɬ ɤ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɚɪɨɦɚɬɚ, ɧɚɩɪ.: ɹɛɥɨɱɧɵɣ ɚɪɨɦɚɬ, ɞɭɲɢɫɬɚɹ ɦɹɬɚ, ɞɭɲɢɫɬɚɹ ɹɝɨɞɚ, ɡɚɩɚɯ ɩɢɨɧɚ, ɡɚɩɚɯ ɪɨɡɵ, ɡɚɩɚɯ ɱɟɪɟɦɭɯɢ. Ɋɟɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ „ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ĺ ɰɜɟ-ɬɨɜɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ”. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ, ɫɪ.: ɥɚɫɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɨɠɞɶ, ɩɭɲɢɫɬɚɹ ɬɭɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ (ɰɜɟɬɨ-ɜɭɸ) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ. ɋ.ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟ-ɧɨɫɚ: ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɹɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɢ, ɨɧ ɜɜɨɞɢɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɦɢɹ („ɫɨɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ” + „ɫɨɷɦɨɰɢɢ”)9 . ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɫɢɧɟ-________________ 8ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɡɢɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɥɨɡɭɧɝɢ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢ-ɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɯ. ȼ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ ɡɚ 2009 ɝ. ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ, ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟ ɥɨɡɭɧɝɢ: Ʌɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɲɟɥɤɚ. ȼɨɥɧɭɸɳɢɣ ɰɜɟɬ; ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɛɥɚɡɧɚ. Ȼɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ; ɋɢɹɸɳɢɣ ɛɪɢɥɶɹɧɬ ɨɛɜɨɪɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɥɵɛɤɢ! 9 Ʉɚɤ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɋ.ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧ, „ȼ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ [...] ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɤɚ-ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɬɢɩɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɩɪɹ-ɦɨɣ, ɜ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ – ɦɟɞɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ «ɫɭɩɪɚɫɟɝɦɟɧ-ɬɚɥɶɧɨ» ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ. ȼ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ [...] – ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɸ”. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, „ɇɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ – ɫ ɬɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɱɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɨ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɚ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ, ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤ-ɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɧɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ” (ɋ.ȼ. ȼ ɨ ɪ ɨ ɧ ɢ ɧ, Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɨɧɨɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɢ..., ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 85).
ɫɬɟɦɢɹ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɷɦɨ-ɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɗɬɢ ɷɦɨɷɦɨ-ɰɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɋɢɧɟɫɬɟɦɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɤɨɥɨɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɦɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ. ɋɪ.: ɛɭɯɬɚ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ, ɝɨɪɞɨɟ ɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨɱɶ ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɵɯ, ɯɨɥɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɶ, ɱɟɪɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɷɤɡɟɦɩɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɫɫɵɥɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟ-ɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ: ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɠɚ-ɛɚ, ɜɥɸɛɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɹɝɭɲɤɚ, ɡɚɞɭɦɱɢɜɚɹ ɛɥɨɯɚ, ɪɨɛɤɚɹ ɧɢɦɮɚ, ɫɬɵɞɥɢɜɚɹ ɧɢɦɮɚ. ɍɩɨɞɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ10 . ɉɟɪɫɨɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɭɦ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ: ɦɟɱɬɚ, ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ȿɝɢɩɬɟ, ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚ-ɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ, ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ, ɫɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɚɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ. Ʉɪɚɣɧɸɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨ-ɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɰ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɚɧɬɪɨɩɨɧɢɦɵ). Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɪ.: Ɍɢɰɢɚɧ ’ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɨ-ɪɵɠɢɣ’, ɋɧɟɝɭɪɨɱɤɚ ‘ɛɟɥɨ--ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥ ‘ɩɭɪɩɭɪɧɨ-ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ’, Ɇɚɣɹ ‘ɫɟɪɟɛɪɢɫɬɵɣ ɬɟɦɧɨ-ɛɨɪɞɨ-ɜɵɣ’, ɫɤɢɮ ‘ɜɢɲɧɟɬɟɦɧɨ-ɛɨɪɞɨ-ɜɵɣ’, Ɋɨɛɢɧ Ƚɭɞ ‘ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, ɫɬɸɚɪɞɟɫɫɚ ‘ɝɨɥɭɛɨɣ’, ɧɟɮɪɢɬ Ʉɥɟɨɩɚɬɪɵ ‘ɫɜɟɬɥɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ’, Ɉɪɮɟɣ ‘ɨɬɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ’. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛ-ɫɬɚɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɦɭ. ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɢɬɨɝɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ „ɫɥɨɜɨɦɟɣɤɟɪɨɜ” ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɟɣ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɚ ɥɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɠɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɧɨɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɚɸɬ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸ-ɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɯ – ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɡɢɢ ɢ ɫɢɧɟɫɬɟɦɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɨɧɭ ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ-ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɧɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹ-ɬɢɣɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɝɢ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ________________ 10 ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢ-ɦɟɪ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ, ɩɪɢɞɚɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɬ; ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɭɫɩɨɤɚɢɜɚɟɬ; ɠɟɥɬɵɣ – ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɟɪɵɣ – ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ-ɞɭɲɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɤɨɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɡ-ɧɚɤɚ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɢɦɜɨ-ɥɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ, ɬ.ɟ. ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɰɜɟɬɭ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ – ɤ ɬɨɜɚɪɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ.
