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Synteza układu sterowania prosumenckiego źródła napięcia w sieci rozdzielczej

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Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie )‹7Œb-j Ѳ;h|uo|;1_mbhbĶ†|ol-|‹hbĶm=oul-|‹hbbmओ‹mb;ubbbol;7‹1Œm;f

Katedra Energoelektroniki i Automatyki Systemów Przetwarzania Energii

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;Ѵ;l-u|‹h†j†f;v|ruŒ;7v|-‰b;mb;‰‹mbhॕ‰0-7-ॉv‹l†Ѵ-1‹fm‹1_7o|‹1Œ.1‹1_v‹m|;Œ‹v|;uo‰-mb-ruo-v†l;m1hblb৳uॕ7j-lb;m;u]bbķlbmbl-ѴbŒ†f.1;]oruŒ;v‹jo‰;v|u-|‹lo1‹‰v‹v|;lb;;Ѵ;h|uo;m;u];|‹1Œm‹lĺ uŒ‹1Œ‹m.ro7f<1b-|;f|;l-|‹hbf;v|7‹m-lb1Œm‹‰Œuov|lo1‹bbѴoঋ1b, Œ-bmv|-Ѵo‰-m‹1_†o70bou1ॕ‰ ruov†l;m1hb1_ĺuo‰-7Œbom7oŒ0Ѵb৵;mb-r†mh|ॕ‰‰‹|‰ॕu1Œ‹1_;m;u]bb;Ѵ;h|u‹1Œm;f7of;fo70bou1ॕ‰ķ 1o];m;u-Ѵmb;Œlmb;fvŒ-o01b.৵;mb;vb;1buoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ‹1_ĺ;7m-h৵;ķ‰ruŒ‹r-7h†mb;vhomv†lo‰-mb-1-joঋ1b ‰‹|‰ouŒom;f;m;u]bbruŒ;Œruov†l;m|-ķ7o1_o7Œb7ov‹|†-1fbķ‰h|ॕu;ff;fm-7lb-uf;v|‰‹7-‰-m‹7ovb;-1buoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;fķhoॉ1o‰oro7j.1Œom;f7ohu-fo‰;]ov‹v|;l†;Ѵ;h|uo;m;u];|‹1Œm;]oruŒ;Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou |uॕf=-Œo‰‹ĺ)‹7-‰-m-|‹ro‰o‰f;7m;f=-Œb;ruŒ;Œruov†l;m|-;m;u]b-m-o]ॕjmb;|u-C-7obmm‹1_o7-0bou1ॕ‰f;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_7-m;fvb;1buoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;fķѴ;1Œvia|u-mv=oul-|ouf;v|‰‹7-‰-m-7ovb;1b"ķm-o]ॕj ‰|;fv-l;f=-Œb;ĺ;7mo1Œ;ঋmb;o70bou1‹f;7mo=-Œo‰bro7j.1Œ;mb7obmm‹1_=-Œvb;1bmmro0b;u-f.;m;u]b< Œvb;1b"ruŒ;ŒroŒov|-j;=-Œ‹|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺ$-h-v‹|†-1f-];m;u†f;mb;ro|uŒ;0m;v|u-|‹lo1‹‰Ѵbmbb"ķ |u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ‹lbvb;1bmmĺ-Ѵ;৵‹|;৵Œ-†‰-৵‹ࣀķ৵;Œ-bmv|-Ѵo‰-m--†|ol-|‹h-Œ-0;Œrb;1Œ;- mbo‰-bv|;u†f.1-|u-mv=oul-|ouॕ‰uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ‹1_1Œ<v|of;v|mb;7ov|ovo‰-m-7oruŒ;rj‹‰†lo1‹o7v|uo-m‹mm7ov|uom‹"|u-mv=oul-|ou-ŒƐķƑœĺ uŒ;7lbo|;l0-7-ॉ0‹j†hj-7lo7;Ѵo‰‹ķvhj-7-f.1‹vb<Œ|uॕf=-Œo‰;]o|u-mv=oul-|ou-uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;]o oŒlb;mb-m‹1_vhof-uŒ;mb-1_†Œ‰of;ॉo0†v|uomķ‰vrॕjru-1†f.1;]oŒ;v|;uo‰-m‹l৳uॕ7j;lvbm†vob7-Ѵm;-]om-rb<1b-f;7mo=-Œo‰;]o‰f;7m;f=-Œb;v|uom‹mmbo70bou-lbRņRL‰7‰ॕ1_roŒov|-j‹1_=-Œ-1_ķruŒ‹ Œm-lbomo‰‹lŒ-vbѴ-mb†v|uom‹"ĺ-7-mb-ruŒ;ruo‰-7Œomo‰1;Ѵ†Ĺ Ɛĺohu;ঋѴ;mb-‰j-ঋ1b‰;]ovhof-uŒ;mb-|u-mv=oul-|ou-uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;]oķ]‰-u-m|†f.1;]olo৵Ѵb‰oঋࣀruŒ;- rj‹‰†lo1‹1Œ‹mm;fo7ruov†l;m|-7oo70bouॕ‰ro7j.1Œom‹1_7ovb;1buoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;fmmķruŒ‹Œ--1_o‰-mb†v‹l;|ubb=-Œo‰‹1_bruŒ;‰o7o‰‹1_m-rb<ࣀ|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķ Ƒĺohu;ঋѴ;mb-|-hb;]ov|;uo‰-mb--lrѴb|†7‹b=-Œ‹m-rb<1b-৳uॕ7j-Œ-vbѴ-f.1;]of;7m.=-Œ<v|uom‹mm |u-mv=oul-|ou-ķ-0‹lo1|-mb;0‹j-‰‹7-‰-m-7ovb;1b"ķѴ;1Œ‰1-joঋ1b0‹j-homv†lo‰-m-ruŒ;Œ o70bou‹‰roŒov|-j‹1_=-Œ-1_v|uom‹mmĺ "r;jmb;mb;o0†|‹1_‰-u†mhॕ‰lbmbl-ѴbŒ†f;v|u-|‹lo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;bv|u-|‹ruŒ;v‹jo‰;‰vb;1b"ĺ uo0Ѵ;l‰vrॕjru-1‹|u-mv=oul-|ou-|uॕf=-Œo‰;]oŒo70bou-lbmb;v‹l;|u‹1Œm‹lbbņѴ†0mb;Ѵbmbo‰‹lbf;v| Œm-m‹‰Ѵb|;u-|†uŒ;ŒƒķƓķƔķѵœĺ!oŒr-|u‹‰-m‹f;v|f;7m-h]jॕ‰mb;‰hom|;hঋ1b;mb;v‹l;|u‹1Œm‹1_Ѵ†0mb;- Ѵbmbo‰‹1_o01b.৵;ॉ|u-mv=oul-|ou-Œ-vbѴom;]ov‹l;|u‹1Œmb;Ѵ†0mb;v‹l;|u‹1Œmb;ĺ-o]ॕj]jॕ‰m‹l1;-Ѵ;l|‹1_uoŒ‰-৵-ॉf;v|ohu;ঋѴ;mb;v|u-|lo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;ķruŒ;rj‹‰ॕ‰lo1‹1Œ‹mm;fb0b;um;fou-Œ ruŒ;0b;]ॕ‰1Œ-vo‰‹1_ru.7ॕ‰|u-mv=oul-|ou-Œƕœĺ uo0Ѵ;lv|;uo‰-mb-bm‰;u|;u-lbf;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_, rof-‰b-vb<]jॕ‰mb;‰hom|;hঋ1b;b1_‰vrॕjru-1‹

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Œvb;1b.f;7moŊѴ†0|uॕf=-Œo‰.ŒѶœѴ†0‰hom|;hঋ1b;bm|;]u-1fb‰b;Ѵ†f;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_, bv|;uo‰-mb-ruŒ‹- rj‹‰;llo1‹o7mb1_7of;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_o70bouॕ‰bl-]-Œ‹mॕ‰;m;u]bb;Ѵ;h|u‹1Œm;fŐ0-|;ubb-h†l†Ѵ-- |ouॕ‰őŒƖœĺ)|-hb1_v‹|†-1f-1_1Œ<v|oŒm-f7†f.Œ-v|ovo‰-mb;‰b;Ѵo†Œ‰of;mbo‰;|u-mv=oul-|ou‹f;7mo-=-Œo‰;ķ7oh|ॕu‹1_†Œ‰of;ॉro7j.1Œom;v.f;7mo=-Œo‰;৳uॕ7j-ķo70bou‹bl-]-Œ‹m‹;m;u]bb;Ѵ;h|u‹1Œm;f ŒƐƏœĺŒ<v|ov|ov†f;vb<‰|-hb1_v‹|†-1f-1_1Œ<v|o|Ѵb‰oঋ1bŒm-1Œmb;‰‹৵vŒ;o7vb;1bo‰‹1_ƔƏņѵƏŒŒѶķ ƖœķhouŒ‹v|-f.1Œ|;]oķ৵;‰vŒ‹v|hb;৳uॕ7j-ķo70bou‹bl-]-Œ‹m‹;m;u]bbro7j.1Œom;v.7o†Œ‰of;ॉ|u-mv=ou-l-|ou-ruŒ;Œf;7mo=-Œo‰;bm‰;u|;u‹ĺ"|;uo‰-mb;bm‰;u|;uॕ‰o70bouॕ‰f;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_‰vrॕjru-1†f.1‹1_ Œvb;1b.|uॕf=-Œo‰.rof-‰b-vb<‰Ѵb|;u-|†uŒ;uॕ‰mb;৵‰hom|;hঋ1b;Ѵbh‰b7-1fbmb;v‹l;|ubbru.7ॕ‰bm-rb<ࣀ =-Œo‰‹1_vb;1b|uॕf=-Œo‰;fķro‰o7o‰-m‹1_ruŒ;Œf;7mo=-Œo‰oঋࣀ|‹1_o70bouॕ‰ŒƐƐœĺ)ŒƐƑœrou†vŒomo ruo0Ѵ;l7o0ou†vhof-uŒ;ॉ†Œ‰of;ॉ|u-mv=oul-|ou-|uॕf=-Œo‰;]o7oru-1‹m-o70bou‹mb;Ѵbmbo‰;ķro7h.-|;llbmbl-ѴbŒ-1fbv|u-|lo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;ĺ;1_.‰vrॕѴm.‰‹lb;mbom‹1_ro‰‹৵;foru-1o‰-ॉf;v| uoŒ‰-৵-mb;|u-mv=oul-|ouॕ‰f;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_Ő7‰†ŊѴ†0‰b;Ѵo†Œ‰of;mbo‰‹1_őѴ†0|u-mv=oul-|ouॕ‰|uॕf=--Œo‰‹1_Œjo৵om‹1_Œf;7mov|;hf;7mo=-Œo‰‹1_ĺ uo0Ѵ;lo7ro‰b;7mb;]ov|;uo‰-mb-bm‰;u|;u-, hou;vrom7†f;Œr†0Ѵbh-1f-lbŒƐƒķƐƓķƐƔœķroঋ‰b<1o-m‹lb|;l-|o‰bv|-0bѴmoঋ1bru-1‹vb;1bmmbo7ro‰b;7mb;]o‰|‹lhom|;hঋ1b;v|;uo‰-mb-bm‰;u|;uॕ‰, ĺ !oŒ‰b.Œ-mb-|‹1_ruo0Ѵ;lॕ‰v.vbѴmb;†Œ-Ѵ;৵mbom;o7blr;7-m1fbvb;1bmmķ-‰b<1uॕ‰mb;৵o7blr;7-m1fb Œ‰-u1bo‰;f|u-mv=oul-|ou-j.1Œ.1;]ovb;ࣀmmŒvb;1b."ĺ)ŒƐƒœŒ-ruoromo‰-mo|-hb;v|;uo‰-mb;bm‰;u-|;uॕ‰ķh|ॕu;lbmbl-ѴbŒ†f;ov1‹Ѵ-1f;ru.7†ķm-rb<1b-blo1‹‰vb;1bmmŒf;7mo=-Œo‰‹lb, ĺ

)‹Œm-1Œ;mb;vhof-uŒ;mb-†Œ‰of;ॉ|u-mv=oul-|ou- 0Ѵb1Œ;mb-v‹l†Ѵ-1‹fm;‰‹hom‹‰-moruŒ;ŒuoŒ‰b.Œ‹‰-mb;uॕ‰m-ॉv‹l0oѴb1Œm‹1_v|-m††v|-Ѵom;]oѴbmbo-‰;]olo7;Ѵ†|u-mv=oul-|ou-|uॕf=-Œo‰;]oŒ|uॕfhoѴ†lmo‰‹lu7Œ;mb;lķ7Ѵ-uॕ৵m‹1_vhof-uŒ;ॉo0†v|uom |u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺuŒ‹f<|olo7;Ѵl-]m;|‹1Œmb;Ѵbmbo‰‹ķ|fĺŒ;v|-j‹lbbm7†h1‹fmoঋ1b-lbķromb;‰-৵mb;Ѵbmbo‰oঋࣀ l-]m;vo‰-mb-u7Œ;mb-mb;‰rj‹‰-m-uoŒrj‹‰ru.7ॕ‰blo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;|uॕf=-Œo‰‹lŒ-vbѴom‹lm--rb<1b;lŒm-lbomo‰‹lŒƐѵķƐƕœĺolbmb<|ov|u-|‹lo1‹‰u7Œ;mb†|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķf-hou;Ѵ-|‹‰mb;mb;‰b;Ѵhb; bru-h|‹1Œmb;v|-j;‰;‰vŒ‹v|hb1_0-7-m‹1_v‹|†-1f-1_ķŒ†‰-]bm-Œm-lbomo‰;m-rb<1b;Œ-vbѴ-f.1;|u-mv=ou- l-|ouĺ om†l;u‹1Œm;]ouoŒ‰b.Œ‹‰-mb-uॕ‰m-ॉ‰‹houŒ‹v|-mor-hb;|$ĺ&৵‹|o7-m‹1_|u-mv=oul--|ou-uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;]ov†1_;]oĹSNƷѵƒƏh(ķU1NƷƐƔh(ķU2NƷƓƏƏ(ķ ‹mƔķI1NƷƑƓķƔķI2NƷƖƐƏķfNƷƔƏ Œĺ,m-lbomo‰;v|u-|‹lo1‹‰†Œ‰of;mb-1_ķ|fĺŒm-lbomo‰;v|u-|‹o01b.৵;mbo‰;‰‹movŒ.ÈPCuNƷƕѵƏƏ)ĺ )‹mbhbo0Ѵb1Œ;ॉŒ-‰b;u-|-0;Ѵ-Ɛĺ)‹mbhb|;7o|‹1Œ.v‹|†-1fbru-1‹†v|-Ѵom;f|u-mv=oul-|ou-m-o70bou‹u;-Œ‹v|-m1‹fm;o‰-u|oঋ1buॕ‰m;fŒm-lbomo‰;fblr;7-m1fb|u-mv=oul-|ou-ŐRL = U2NphaseņI2Nphaseő‰=-Œ-1_BķC v|uom‹mm|u-mv=oul-|ou-bŒ-vbѴ-mb†=-Œ‹Av|uom‹mmm-rb<1b;lvbm†vob7-Ѵm‹lo-lrѴb|†7Œb;Œ-r;‰mb-f.1;f Œm-lbomo‰‹ru.7blo1|;f=-Œ‹ĹU2AƷƐķƏƓŏU2Nphase ĺ"|uom-"f;v|Œ-vbѴom-m-rb<1b;lŒm-lbomo‰‹lĺ!;-]†Ѵo‰-m‹h.|=-Œo‰‹m-rb<1b-U2Ao7lb;uŒ-m‹f;v|‰Œ]Ѵ<7;lm-rb<1b-=-Œ‹Av|uom‹"ĺuŒ;Œlo1†f;lm. ‰|-0;ѴbƐuoŒ†lb;vb<lo1‰‹7-‰-m.ruŒ;Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou7ovb;1bŒ-vbѴ-f.1;fv|uom<"Ѵ†07ov|-u1Œ-m. 7o|u-mv=oul-|ou-Œ;৳uॕ7j-m-rb<1b-ro7j.1Œom;]o7o=-Œ‹Av|uom‹mmĺuŒ;Œlo17o7-|mb.uoŒ†lb;vb< lo1ro0b;u-m.ruŒ;Œ|u-mv=oul-|ouo7v|uom‹"Ѵ†0ro0b;u-m.Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou-ruŒ;Œo70bou‹ro7j.1Œo-m;7o=-ŒBķCv|uom‹mmĺ

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Tabela 1.)‹mbhbo0Ѵb1Œ;ॉ|u-mv=oul-|ou-"ņmm7Ѵ-uॕ৵m‹1_vhof-uŒ;ॉ†Œ‰of;ॉĺ)-u|oঋ1b‰m-‰b-v-1_ 7o|‹1Œ.|‹Ѵhov‹|†-1fbroj.1Œ;mb-v|uom‹"‰|uॕfh.|boŒm-1Œ-f.=-Œo‰;lo1;1Œ‹mm;;=;h|‹‰mb;‰‹lb;-mb-m;Œvb;1b.Œ-vbѴ-f.1.ķ|fĺo0Ѵb1Œom;Œrolbmb<1b;lvhj-7o‰;fv‹l;|u‹1Œm;f0ru.7ॕ‰=-Œo‰‹1_|uॕfh.|-ĺ "hof-uŒ;mb; †Œ‰of;ॉ I20 ņI2N P2AņSN P2BņSN P2CņSN P2 ņSN I10 ņI1N P1AņSN P1BņSN P1CņSN P1ņSN ÈCuņ SN +Ə‹Ə ƏķѵƏ ŊƏķƑѶ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƑ ƏķѵƏ ŊƏķƑƕ ƏķƒƑ ƏķƒƑ Əķƒƕ ƏķƏƔ +‹Ə ƏķƏѵ ƏķƑѶ ƏķƑѶ ƏķƑѶ ƏķѶƓ Ə ƏķƑƕ ƏķƒƑ ƏķƑƖ ƏķѶѶ ƏķƏƓ +‹ƏķU2A= ƐĺƑŏU2Nphase ç2AƷŋƑƏŽ ƏķƒƏ ŊƏķƐƑ ƏķƐƑ ƏķƔƐ ƏķƔƐ Ə ƏķƏƔ ƏķƐƕ Əķƒƒ ƏķƔƔ ƏķƏƓ ‹Ə ƏķѵƏ ŊƏķƑѶ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƑ ƏķѵƏ ŊƏķƑƕ ŐŊƏķƏƕő ƏķƒƑ ŐƏķƑƓő ƏķƒƑ ŐƏķƑƏő Əķƒƕ ŐƏķƒƕő ƏķƏƔ +ƏzƏ ƏķѵѶ ŊƏķƒƔ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƑƔ Ə ŊƏķƏƓ ƏķƏƑ ƏķƒƑ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƏƔ +ŒƏ ƏķѵѶ ŊƏķƒƔ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƑƔ Ə ŊƏķƏƓ ƏķƏƑ ƏķƒƑ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƏƔ ŒƏ ƏķѵѶ ŊƏķƒƔ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƒƏ ƏķƑƔ Ə ŊƏķƏƓ ŐŊƏķƏƓő ƏķƏƑ

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)mbovhbŒ-m-ѴbŒ‹‰‹mbhॕ‰Œ-ru;Œ;m|o‰-m‹1_‰|-0;ѴbƐv.m-v|<r†f.1;Ĺ Ɛĺ$u-mv=oul-|ouvhof-uŒom‹+Ə‹Ə‰‹7-f;7ovb;1bŒ-vbѴ-f.1;flo11Œ‹mm.‰=-Œb;v|uom‹"ķ-ro0b;u- ‰7‰ॕ1_roŒov|-j‹1_ĺu-h|‹1Œmb;ru-1†f;f-h|uŒ‹o77Œb;Ѵm;|u-mv=oul-|ou‹f;7mo=-Œo‰;ĺ Ƒĺ$u-mv=oul-|ouvhof-uŒom‹+‹Əro0b;u-lmb;f‰b<1;f|-h.v-l.lo11Œ‹mm.‰;‰vŒ‹v|hb1_|uŒ;1_=-Œ-1_ v|uom‹"ķ1ooŒm-1Œ-ķ৵;৳uॕ7jom-rb<1b-ro7j.1Œom;7o=-Œ‹v|uom‹mmo70b;u-lo11Œ‹mm.ĺoŒlb--mb;‰-u|oঋ1b-lrѴb|†7‹b=-Œ‹m-rb<1b-|;]o৳uॕ7j-m-&ƑƷƐķƑŏ&Ƒr_-v;ķçƑƷŋƑƏŽķ|u-mv=oul-|ou ru-1†f;‰vrovॕ0ro৵.7-m‹ķ|fĺlo11Œ‹mm-f;v|7ov|-u1Œ-m-7o=-Œ‹v|uom‹mm|u-mv=oul-|ou-bo70b;- u-m-ruŒ;Œo70bou‹ro7j.1Œom;7o7‰ॕ1_roŒov|-j‹1_=-Œĺ;7m-h৵;o70‹‰-vb<|ohovŒ|;lbv|o|m;f7;-v‹l;|u‹Œ-1fbm-rb<ࣀ=-Œo‰‹1_ŋm-rb<1b-=-Œo‰;|u-mv=oul-|ou-‰‹movŒ.ķhoѴ;fmo7Ѵ-=-ŒķķĹƐķƏƔķ ƏķƕƒķƐķƑƖ&r_-v;ĺ Ѵ-|;]orof-‰b-vb<bv|o|m-uॕ৵mb1-rolb<7Œ‹lo1.o70bouॕ‰=-Œ‹ŐƏķƐƑőb=-Œ‹ ŐƏķƔƐőķlblob1_b7;m|‹1Œm‹1_blr;7-m1fbĺ ƒĺ)|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;vhof-uŒom‹l ‹Ə‰b<hvŒ-1Œ<ঋࣀlo1‹7ov|-u1Œ-m;f7o=-Œ‹v|uom‹mm|u-C-7oo0-1b.৵;ॉ‰7‰ॕ1_roŒov|-j‹1_=-Œ-1_|;fv|uom‹ĺo1‰‹7-‰-m-7ovb;1b"‰=-Œb;f;v|‰ruŒ‹0Ѵb৵;mb† Œ;uo‰-ŐŋƏķƏƕőķ-;=;h|‹‰m‹ro0ॕulo1‹‰=-Œ-1_ķf;v|o0mb৵om‹ŐƏķƑƓbƏķƑƏŒ-lb-v|vro7Œb;‰-- m‹1_ohĺƏķƒƐ‰h-৵7;f=-Œb;őĺ;v||ovh†|hb;lrof-‰b;mb-vb<ru.7†vhj-7o‰;fŒ;uo‰;f‰;‰m.|uŒ|uॕfh.-|-v|uom‹"ĺu.7|;mruŒ;movblo11Œ‹mm.Œ=-Œ‹7o=-Œbķro1Œ‹llo1|-f;v||u-mv=oulo‰-m- Œro‰uo|;l7oo7ro‰b;7mb1_=-Œv|uom‹mmĺ-jho‰b|-lo1ro0b;u-m-Œvb;1b"‰‹movb7ohj-7mb;|‹Ѵ; v-loķ1oruŒ‹vhof-uŒ;mb†+Ə‹ƏŐƏķƒƑőķ-Ѵ;lo1;rovŒ1Œ;]ॕѴm‹1_=-Œv.lmb;fvŒ;ĺ Ɠĺ Ѵ-|u-mv=oul-|ouॕ‰vhof-uŒom‹1_+ƏŒƏķ+ŒƏķ ŒƏ†Œ‹vh-m;‰‹mbhbv.b7;m|‹1Œm;ĺ)b<hvŒ-1Œ<ঋࣀlo1‹ 1Œ‹mm;f7ov|-u1Œ-m;f7o=-Œ‹v|uom‹mm|u-C-0;Œroঋu;7mbo7oo01b.৵;ॉ‰7‰ॕ1_roŒov|-j‹1_=-Œ-1_ v|uom‹mmĺ ovb;1b"‰‹7-‰-m-f;v|Չ|;fv-l;f=-Œb;v|uom‹"őlo1ƏķƏƓķ-ro0ॕulo1‹‰=-Œb; ‰‹movb|‹ѴhoƏķƏƑĺ;v||ovh†|hb;lrof-‰b;mb-vb<ru.7†vhj-7o‰;fŒ;uo‰;frj‹m.1;]orov|uomb;mm ŋ|u-mvrou|†f;omlo1ŒŒ-vbѴom;f=-Œ‹v|uom‹mm7o=-Œo01b.৵om‹1_Őru-h|‹1Œmb;|‹Ѵho7o=-Œ‹őĺ "hj-7o‰-Əru.7ॕ‰mb;rof-‰b-vb<rov|uomb;"|u-mv=oul-|ouॕ‰+ƏŒƏķ ŒƏĺ-rb<1b-|u-mv=oul-|ou- roŒov|-f.v‹l;|u‹1Œm;ķŒ-uॕ‰mo=-Œo‰;ķf-hbruŒ;‰o7o‰;ĺ"|u-|‹lo1‹v.|-hb;ķf-h‰bmm‹1_roj.1Œ;-mb-1_ķlbloro7‰‹৵vŒom;fՉv|ov†mh†ƑņDžƒķ|fĺoƐƔķƔѷőu;Œ‹v|-m1fb=-Œv|uom‹mmķŒro‰o7†‰b<hvŒ;f Ѵb1Œ0‹Œ‰ofॕ‰†Œ‰of;mb-Œ‹]Œ-ho‰;]o

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(4)

o7v†lo‰†f.1lo৵m-v|‰b;u7Œbࣀķ৵;Œ-|u-mvrou|lo1‹1Œ‹mm;fŒ=-Œ‹Œ-vbѴom;fv|uom‹mm7o=-Œo01b.৵o-m‹1_o7ro‰b-7-vhj-7o‰-0ru.7ॕ‰ĺ;7m-h৵;ķruŒ‹roj.1Œ;mb†+Ə‹Ə lo৵;om-‰‹rj‹m.ࣀ7ovb;1bŒ-vbѴ--f.1;fb7Ѵ-|;]olo11Œ‹mm-mb;f;v||u-mvrou|o‰-m-‰ro৵.7-m‹vrovॕ0ķѴ;1Œ‰‹7-‰-m-7ovb;1b"ĺuŒ‹ roj.1Œ;mb†+‹Ə vhj-7o‰-0v|uom‹mmruŒ;movblo11Œ‹mm.rolb<7Œ‹=-Œ-lbv|uom‹mmķ-Ѵ;hovŒ|;lbv|o|-m;f7;v‹l;|u‹Œ-1fbm-rb<ࣀ=-Œo‰‹1_|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺuŒ‹roj.1Œ;mb† ‹Əvhj-7o‰-Œ;uo‰-ru.7ॕ‰rj‹mb; roo0†v|uom-1_|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķruŒ‹1Œ‹l|u-mvrou|lo1‹1Œ‹mm;fŒ-r;‰mb-ru.7vhj-7o‰;f0rj‹m.1‹ ‰|uॕfh.1b;v|uom‹"ĺuŒ‹roj.1Œ;mb-1_+ƏzƏķ+ŒƏķ ŒƏvhj-7o‰-Œ;uo‰-ru.7ॕ‰Œ-l‹h-vb<‰‹j.1Œmb; rov|uomb;mmķ1ooŒm-1Œ-ķ৵;vhof-uŒ;mb;v|uom‹"f;v|o0of<|m;7Ѵ--m-ѴbŒo‰-m;]oruŒ;movŒ;mb-lo1‹ĺ )mbovhb|;v.-m-Ѵo]b1Œm;7o†Œ‹vh-m‹1_‰ŒƐѶœĺ ,-m-ѴbŒo‰-m‹1_roj.1Œ;ॉŒ-m-fѴ;rvŒ;m-Ѵ;৵‹†Œm-ࣀroj.1Œ;mb-+ŒƏb ŒƏ ķromb;‰-৵Œ-r;‰mb-f.om;|u-mv- rou|m-f‰b<hvŒ;f1Œ<ঋ1blo1‹1Œ‹mm;f7ov|-u1Œ-m;f7o=-Œ‹Av|uom‹mm|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķ7oo70bouॕ‰ro7-j.1Œom‹1_7oroŒov|-j‹1_=-Œv|uom‹mmĺ;7mo1Œ;ঋmb;roj.1Œ;mb-|;Ѵ;rb;fmb৵ ‹ƏbŒm-1Œmb;Ѵ;rb;fmb৵+‹Ə †|uŒ‹l†f.v‹l;|ub<m-rb<ࣀ=-Œo‰‹1_bruŒ;‰o7o‰‹1_|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺ

"|;uo‰-mb;ruŒ;rj‹‰;llo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;

-ro7v|-‰b;†Œ‹vh-m‹1_‰‹mbhॕ‰o0Ѵb1Œ;ॉ7o7-ѴvŒ‹1_v‹l†Ѵ-1fbruŒ‹f<|o|u-mv=oul-|ouvhof-uŒom‹+ŒƏĺ )b;Ѵhoঋ1b-lbv|;u†f.1‹lbruŒ;rj‹‰;llo1‹v.ʼn-u|oঋࣀvh†|;1Œm-ou-Œ=-Œ-vbm†vob7-Ѵm;]om-rb<1b-Œ--vbѴ-f.1;]o=-Œ<Av|uom‹mmĺ)b;Ѵhoঋ1b-lbv|;uo‰-m‹lbv.Ĺlo11Œ‹mm-P2A7ov|-u1Œ-m-7o=-Œ‹Av|uom‹ mmŐu;]†Ѵ-1f-l-m-1;Ѵ††|uŒ‹l-mb;Œ-7-m;fv|-j;f‰-u|oঋ1b|;flo1‹őblo11Œ‹mm-P1A=-Œ‹Av|uom‹" Őu;]†Ѵ-1f-l-m-1;Ѵ††|uŒ‹l-mb;mb;†f;lm;ff;f‰-u|oঋ1bķ1Œ‹ѴbŒ-0Ѵoho‰-mb;lo৵Ѵb‰oঋ1b‰‹7-‰-mb-lo1‹ 1Œ‹mm;f7ovb;1b"ruŒ;Œ=-Œ<A|u-mv=oul-|ou-őĺ ,lb;mmoঋࣀo0†|‹1_lo1‹‰=†mh1fb‰-u|oঋ1bvh†|;1Œm;fvbm†vob7-Ѵm;]om-rb<1b-Œ-vbѴ-f.1;]o=-Œ<Av|uo-m‹mmruŒ;7v|-‰b-u‹vĺƐĺ)‹mbh-Œmb;]oķ৵;v|;uo‰-mb;o0†lo1‹‰-u|oঋ1b.vh†|;1Œm.m-rb<1b-U2Af;v| Ѵbmbo‰;ĺ"|;uo‰-mb;=-Œo‰;|‹1_lo1‹lo৵m-†Œm-ࣀŒ-‰ruŒ‹0Ѵb৵;mb†Ѵbmbo‰;ŋu‹vĺƑĺ-|;fro7v|-‰b; Œ7;1‹7o‰-movb<m-v‹m|;Œ<Ѵbmbo‰;]o†hj-7†v|;uo‰-mb-ķor-u|;]oo7‰-u;]†Ѵ-|ou‹ĺb;u‰vŒ‹Œmb1_ u;]†Ѵ†f;lo11Œ‹mm.P2AŒ-rolo1.‰-u|oঋ1bvh†|;1Œm;fm-rb<1b-U2Aķ7u†]bu;]†Ѵ†f;lo11Œ‹mm.P1A za po-lo1.=-Œ‹|;]om-rb<1b-ŋu‹vĺƒĺ 0.98 1 1.02 1.04 1.06 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 U2A / U2Nphase (-) Po w er P2A P1A P2A P1A

!‹vĺƐĺ"|;uo‰-mb;-lrѴb|†7o‰;lo1‹P1A i P2AruŒ‹ç2AƷƏŐѴbmb-mb;0b;vh-ŋo01b.৵;mb;Rķ Ѵbmb-1Œ;u‰om-ŋo01b.৵;mb;RL z 1ovæƷƏķѶő

(5)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 I2A (deg) Po w er P2A P1A P2A P1A

!‹vĺƑĺ"|;uo‰-mb;=-Œo‰;lo1‹P1A i P2AruŒ‹U2AƷƐķƏƓŏU2NphaseŐѴbmb-mb;0b;vh-ŋo01b.৵;mb;RķѴbmb- czerwona – RL z 1ovæƷƏķѶő 2A 2B 2C N 1A 1B 1C Zigzag / Star Transformer g Ph. N A+ A-RL Load C RL Load B PV DC Source A P2_A A_LV P2_A Measurement PID P2_A PI Controller PID P1_A PI Controller P1_A A A_MV P1_A Measurement + A1 - A1 A+ A-DC / A-DC Converter U2A_max U2A_phase Gates Controller of inverter N A B C AC Grid Medium Voltage P1_A_ref >0 P2_A_ref <0

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0 uŒ‹hj-7o‰;ruŒ;0b;]b7‹m-lb1Œm;ruo1;v†u;]†Ѵ-1fblo1‹P1A i P2A ruŒ;7v|-‰b-f.u‹vĺƓbƔķ7Ѵ-m-v|-‰u;-]†Ѵ-|ou-lo1‹P2AʼnŒlo1mb;mb;KrƷƏķƏƏƐƑ(maxņ)ķ1Œ-vŒ7‰of;mb-TiƷƕƔlvķou-Œu;]†Ѵ-|ou-lo1‹P1AĹ

KrƷƏķƏƏƐ7;]ņ)ķTiƷƕƔlvĺuŒ;0b;]bŒ-ru;Œ;m|o‰-m;m-u‹vĺƓv|-mo‰b.o7ro‰b;7৳0-7-m;]o†hj-7†

m-vhohf;7mov|ho‰‹lo1‹u;=;u;m1‹fm;fP2AƷƏķƒSN‰1_‰bѴb1Œ-vo‰;ftƷƏbvhohlo1‹u;=;u;m1‹fm;fP1A ƷƏ‰1_‰bѴb1Œ-vo‰;ftƷƐvĺ;7mo1Œ;vm-u;]†Ѵ-1f-o0†lo1‹Ővhohbf;7mov|ho‰;‰-u|oঋ1bu;=;u;m1‹fm‹1_

(6)

o0†lo1‹fĺ‰ĺ‰1_‰bѴb1Œ-vo‰;ftƷƏőroh-Œ-m-f;v|m-u‹vĺƔĺ-o0†u‹vĺ‰b7o1Œm-f;v|bm|;u-h1f-rolb<-7Œ‹u;]†Ѵo‰-m‹lblo1-lbĺ)ru-h|‹1;;hvrѴo-|-1‹fm;f|u-mv=oul-|ou-lo৵m-f.†Œm-ࣀŒ--h1;r|o‰-Ѵm.ķ Œ†‰-]bm-|;ulb1Œm.7or†vŒ1Œ-Ѵmoঋࣀ‰b7o1Œm‹1_‰-_-ॉlo1‹b;hvrѴo-|-1‹fmb;-h1;r|o‰-Ѵm‹1Œ-vb1_ |u‰-mb-ĺ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -0.35 -0.3 -0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 Pow e rs Time (s) P1A P2A !‹vĺƓĺuŒ;0b;]b1Œ-vo‰;o0†u;]†Ѵo‰-m‹1_lo1‹ķruŒ‹o01b.৵;mb†RL z 1ovæƷƏķѶ 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 -0.35 -0.3 -0.25 -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 Pow e rs Time (s) P1A P2A !‹vĺƔĺuŒ;0b;]bo0†u;]†Ѵo‰-m‹1_lo1‹‰=†mh1fb1Œ-v†ķruŒ‹o01b.৵;mb†RL z 1ovæƷƏķѶ !‹vĺѵruŒ;7v|-‰b-v|-|‹1Œm;Œ-Ѵ;৵moঋ1b‰-u|oঋ1bvh†|;1Œm;fm-rb<1b-U2A o7f;]o=-Œ‹ķro1_o7Œ.1;Œ7Œb--j-mb-†hj-7†v|;uo‰-mb-ĺ)b7o1Œm;f;v|ķ৵;†hj-7v|;uo‰-mb-u;-ѴbŒ†f;v|;uo‰-mb;roѴbmb-1_ruov|‹1_ķŒ; Œlb-m-lb‰‹mbh-f.1‹lbŒ1_-u-h|;u†o01b.৵;ॉŐR vs. RLőbŒ7or†vŒ1Œ;mb-7oro0ou†lo1‹1Œ‹mm;fruŒ;Œ =-Œ<Av|uom‹"ŐP1A

(7)

ƻƏőĺ;]-|‹‰mb;Œ‰u-1-†‰-]<0-u7Œomb;‰b;Ѵh-Œlb;mmoঋࣀ‰-u|oঋ1bm-rb<1b-v|;u†-f.1;]oU2Abuॕ‰mb;৵f;]o=-Œ‹ĺ)ru-h|‹1;lo৵;|ovro‰o7o‰-ࣀhomb;1ŒmoঋࣀvŒ;u;]o‰;]o7oj.1Œ;mb-7o =-Œ‹Av|uom‹mm7o7-|ho‰;]o7j-‰bh-ķ†lo৵Ѵb‰b-f.1;]oŒ-v|ovo‰-mb;‰b<hvŒ;]o‰-u|oঋ1bo‰ov|;uo‰--mb-Œ-uॕ‰mo-lrѴb|†7o‰;]oķf-hb=-Œo‰;]oķj-|‰b;fvŒ;]o‰u;-ѴbŒ-1fbĺ -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 1 1.005 1.01 1.015 1.02 1.025 1.03 1.035 I2A (deg) U 2A / U 2N p has e (-) P1A = 0, R load P1A > 0, R load P 1A > 0, RL load !‹vĺѵĺ_-u-h|;u‹v|‹h--lrѴb|†7o‰oŊ=-Œo‰-v|;uo‰-mb-ŐѴbmb-Œb;Ѵom-ĹP1AƷƏķo01b.৵;mb;Rĸ Ѵbmb-mb;0b;vh-ĹP1AƾƏķo01b.৵;mb;RĸѴbmb-1Œ;u‰om-ĹP1AƾƏķo01b.৵;mb;RL z 1ovæƷƏķѶő

)mbovhbhoॉ1o‰;

)rb;u‰vŒ;f1Œ<ঋ1b-u|‹h†j†ruŒ;7v|-‰bomo‰‹mbhb0-7-ॉv‹l†Ѵ-1‹fm‹1_‰rj‹‰†vhof-uŒ;mb-†Œ‰of;ॉ |uॕf=-Œo‰;]o|u-mv=oul-|ou-uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;]om-ruŒ;rj‹‰lo1‹1Œ‹mm;frolb<7Œ‹f;]o=-Œ-lbķ‰v‹|†-1fb vbm†vob7-Ѵm;]oŒ-vbѴ-mb-m-rb<1bo‰;]of;7m;f=-Œ‹v|uom‹mmķruŒ‹v|uomb;"Œ-vbѴom;fŒm-lbomo‰oĺo- 7o0mb;f-h‰l-j‹l|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;|uॕf=-Œo‰‹lķ-m-ѴbŒo‰-m‹l‰ŒƐѶœķ†v|-Ѵomoķ৵;lo11Œ‹mm-ruŒ;-movŒom-f;v|rolb<7Œ‹=-Œ-lb|u-mv=oul-|ou-ruŒ;Œvhj-7o‰.Œ;uo‰.ru.7ॕ‰v|uom‹mmbv|uom‹"ĺ,- m-fѴ;rvŒ;vhof-uŒ;mb;v|uom‹mm|u-mv=oul-|ou-†Œm-movhof-uŒ;mb;‰Œ‹]Œ-hķŒ†‰-]bm-rof-‰b-f.1;vb< o]u-mb1Œ;mb;lo1‹1Œ‹mm;f‰‹7-‰-m;f7ovb;1bŒ-vbѴ-f.1;fv|uom<"|u-mv=oul-|ou-b†|uŒ‹l‹‰-mb;ru-h-|‹1Œmb;v|-j‹1_‰-u|oঋ1bvh†|;1Œm‹1_m-rb<ࣀ=-Œo‰‹1_|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺuŒ‹|‹lvhof-uŒ;mb†lo11Œ‹mm- ruŒ;movŒom-f;v|ŒŒ-vbѴom;f=-Œ‹v|uom‹mm7o=-Œo01b.৵om‹1_ruŒ;Œvhj-7o‰.Œ;uo‰.ru.7ॕ‰v|uom‹mmĺ omb;‰-৵vhj-7o‰-|-mb;|u-mv=oul†f;vb<7ov|uom‹"|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķvhof-uŒ;mb;v|uom‹"|u-mv=ou- l-|ou-f;v|‰ॕ‰1Œ-v‰j-ঋ1b‰b;o0of<|m;ĺ-ro7v|-‰b;|‹1_‰‹mbhॕ‰7o7-ѴvŒ‹1_0-7-ॉruŒ‹f<|o|u-mv-=oul-|ouvhof-uŒom‹+ŒƏĺ o7v|-‰o‰‹l1;Ѵ;l7u†]b;f1Œ<ঋ1b0-7-ॉ0‹jooru-1o‰-mb;†hj-7†v|;uo‰-mb-ķlbmbl-ѴbŒ†f.1;]olo1 1Œ‹mm.‰‹7-‰-m.ruŒ;Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou7ovb;1bŒ-vbѴ-f.1;fĺuŒ‹v‹m|;Œb;†hj-7†v|;uo‰-mb-vh†rbomovb< m-lbmbl-ѴbŒ-1fblo1‹‰‹7-‰-m;f7ovb;1bruŒ;Œ|<=-Œ<v|uom‹"|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķh|ॕu-o7ro‰b-7-Œ--vbѴom;f=-Œb;v|uom‹mmĺ$-hb;ro7;fঋ1b;ruŒ‹f<|om-ro7v|-‰b;o0Ѵb1Œ;ॉrbѴo|-৵o‰‹1_ķh|ॕu;‰‹h-Œ-j‹ķ৵; ‰ruŒ‹r-7h†‰‹7-‰-mb-lo1‹ruŒ;Œv|uom<"|u-mv=oul-|ou-+ŒƏķf;fŒ7;1‹7o‰-m-‰b<hvŒoঋࣀruŒ‹r-7- m-|<=-Œ<ķh|ॕu-f;v|=-Œ.Œ-vbѴom.o7v|uom‹mmĺbmbo‰‹†hj-7v|;uo‰-mb-oro৵.7-m‹1_‰j-vmoঋ1b-1_ Œov|-joru-1o‰-m‹bro77-m‹0-7-mbolv‹l†Ѵ-1‹fm‹lĺ)‹h-Œ-j‹om;f;]ororu-‰m;7Œb-j-mb;ķŒ-uॕ‰mo ‰v;mvb;v|-|‹1Œm‹lķf-hb7‹m-lb1Œm‹lĺ&hj-7v|;uo‰-mb-lbmbl-ѴbŒ†f;lo11Œ‹mm.‰‹7-‰-m.7ovb;1b ruŒ;Œ=-Œ<Av|uom‹"ķlbmbl-ѴbŒ†f.1‰|;mvrovॕ0v|u-|‹lo1‹‰|u-mv=oul-|ouŒ;bv|u-|‹ruŒ;v‹jo‰;

(8)

rov|uomb;"|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺ;7m-h৵;ķv|‰b;u7Œomof;7mo1Œ;ঋmb;rof-‰b;mb;vb<‰r;‰m‹1_v‹|†-1f-1_ lo1‹1Œ‹mm;f‰‹7-‰-m;f7ovb;1b"ruŒ;Œ=-Œ<Bv|uom‹"|u-mv=oul-|ou-ķmb;hom|uoѴo‰-m.ruŒ;Œ†hj-7 v|;uo‰-mb-ĺb;f;v|uॕ‰mb;৵u;-ѴbŒo‰-m-hom|uoѴ-ruŒ;rj‹‰†lo1‹0b;um‹1_=-Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺ -ѴvŒ;0-7-mb-ro‰bmm‹0‹ࣀ†hb;u†mho‰-m;m-oru-1o‰-mb;†hj-7†v|;uo‰-mb-u;-ѴbŒ†f.1;]ouॕ‰mb;৵hom- |uoѴ<lo1‹1Œ‹mm‹1_‰‹7-‰-m‹1_7ovb;1b"ruŒ;ŒroŒov|-j;=-Œ‹|u-mv=oul-|ou-ĺ&hj-7|-hbl†vb‰‹ho-uŒ‹v|‹‰-ࣀ|u-f;h|oub;v|;uo‰-mb-mb;o0;1m;m-u‹vĺѵĺ-Ѵ;৵‹Œ-Œm-1Œ‹ࣀķ৵;mb;Œov|-j‹ruŒ;0-7-m;৵-7m; bmm;|u-f;h|oub;mb৵|;ruŒ;7v|-‰bom;m-u‹vĺѵĺ-ro7v|-‰b;7o|‹1_1Œ-vo‰‹1_0-7-ॉmb;lo৵m-ro‰b;- 7Œb;ࣀķf-hbllo1ol1Œ‹mm‹lb0b;um‹l=-Œ|u-mv=oul-|ou-o7ro‰b-7-f.r†mh|‹ࣀ‰b;uࣀrj-vŒ1Œ‹Œm‹ruŒ;7-v|-‰bom;fm-u‹vĺѵķŒm-f7†f.1;vb<roŒ-m-u‹vo‰-m‹lb|u-f;h|oub-lbĺ&v|-Ѵ;mb;|;]o‰‹l-]-7-ѴvŒ‹1_0-7-ॉĺ o৵Ѵb‰;f;v|ķ৵;‰‹houŒ‹v|-mb;|‹1_r†mh|ॕ‰roŒ‰oѴbuॕ‰mb;৵m-hom|uoѴ<lo1‹0b;um‹1_=-Œĺ ;uvr;h|‹‰b1Œm‹lhb;u†mhb;l0-7-ॉf;v|v|;uo‰-mb;‰b;Ѵ†৳uॕ7;jm-rb<1b-ķro7j.1Œom‹1_7ouॕ৵m‹1_ =-Œv|uom‹mm|u-mv=oul-|ou-uoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ;]oķruŒ;Œuॕ৵m‹1_ruov†l;m|ॕ‰ĺ"|;uo‰-mb;|-hb;l†vb-jo0‹ †‰Œ]Ѵ<7mb-ࣀuॕ‰mb;৵u;Œ†Ѵ|-|‹ru-1‹ŒƐƒœĺ;Ѵ;l|-hb;]ov|;uo‰-mb-0‹jo0‹uॕ‰mb;৵o]u-mb1Œ;mb;ņ‰‹;Ѵb-lbmo‰-mb;‰‹7-‰-mb-lo1‹1Œ‹mm;f7ovb;1b"ruŒ;Œ|u-mv=oul-|ouuoŒ7Œb;Ѵ1Œ‹ĺ m;u]b-ruo7†ho‰-m- ruŒ;ŒrovŒ1Œ;]ॕѴm‹1_ruov†l;m|ॕ‰mb;‰.|rѴb‰b;ro‰bmm-0‹ࣀhomv†lo‰-m-‰rb;u‰vŒ‹luŒ<7Œb;ruŒ;Œ mb1_v-l‹1_ķ-7o7-|ho‰oruŒ;Œbmm‹1_o70bou1ॕ‰‰j.1Œom‹1_7o|;fv-l;fvb;1bmmķm-|olb-v|mb;ro‰bm-m-0‹ࣀ‰‹7-‰-m-7ovb;1b"ĺ

b0Ѵbo]u-=b-Ĺ

ŒƐœ ĺ$ĺ-†1_ķ-ŠblbŒbm]†|ol-ࢼ1!;ˆ;uv;o‰;ur;u-ࢼomv‰b|_$$u-mv=oul;uv-m7!;]†Ѳ-|ouvķ  o‰;u m]bm;;ubm]"o1b;|‹m-†]†u-Ѵom=;u;m1;-m7 Šrovbঞombm=ub1-ƑƏƏƔķ †u0-mƑƏƏƔķvĺƓƓƖŋ ƓƔƓĺ ŒƑœĺѴŊ!b‹-lbķĺ†u|ķĺ-m_-m]‰;ķĺu;|Ѵoˆ;ķ"ĺ;ou]boro†Ѵovķmmˆ;vࢼ]-ࢼombm|oѲ|;um-ࢼˆ;v|o bu;1ࢼom-Ѳˆ;u1†uu;m|uo|;1ࢼomomub7$u-mv=oul;uv|olruoˆ;|_;;|‰ouh-r-1b|‹|o11ollo7-|; Reverse Power FlowķƐƑ|_ $m|;um-ঞom-Ѵom=;u;m1;om ;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|vbmo‰;u"‹v|;luo|;1ঞomķ

or;m_-];mƑƏƐƓķvĺƐŋѵĺ

Œƒœĺ -bŒ, ĺĺ 0u-_blbķĺ_o=u-mbķbŠ;7 ;u-ࢼm]o= bv|ub0†ࢼom$u-mv=oul;uv&m7;u&m0-Ѳ-m1;7"†rrѲ‹

(oѲ|-];-m7omѲbm;-uo-7om7bࢼomv&vbm]$" ķĿ $u-mv-1ঞomvomo‰;u ;Ѵbˆ;u‹ĿƑƏƐƏķmuƑƔ

ŐƑőķvĺƕѶƏŋƕѶƖĺ

ŒƓœĺ)ĺ;ѴѴ;‹ķ"ĺ)ĺ 7‰-u7vķĺĺ!_o7;ķĺ ĺ-u-mķ$u-mv=oul;u ;u-ࢼm]=ou-ulomb1†uu;m|vث)b7;--Band Measurement Approach for Energized Transformersķľ $u-mv-1ঞomvomm7†v|u‹rrѴb1-ঞomvĿ

ƐƖƖƔķmuƒƔŐѵőķvĺƐƓƔƏŋƐƓƔƕĺ

ŒƔœĺĺ"ĺ-vo†lķĺ"ĺov;vķĺ"ĺ-vo†lķDerating of Asymmetric Three-Phase Transformers Serving

Unbalanced Nonlinear Loadsķľ$u-mv-1ঞomvomo‰;u ;Ѵbˆ;u‹ĿƑƏƏѶķmuƑƒŐƓőķvĺƑƏƒƒŋƑƏƓƐĺ

Œѵœ ĺ0o†u-ķ"ĺĺ$o†_-lbķĺĺ,-l-ķ!ĺ$-_lbķĺ$o†_-lbķĺo†]_u-u-ķDynamical Modeling and Analysis

of Asymmetric Unbalanced Three-Phase

TransformersķƑƏƐƔm|Ѵĺ;];-mom=;u;m1;om Ѵ;1|ub1-Ѵ--1_bm;vşo‰;u Ѵ;1|uomb1vŐ őķƑƏƐƔm|Ѵĺom=;u;m1;omrঞlbŒ-ঞomo= Ѵ;1|ub1-Ѵş Ѵ;1|uomb1 t†brl;m|Ő$őşƑƏƐƔm|Ѵĺ"‹lrovb†lom7ˆ-m1;7 Ѵ;1|uol;1_-mb1-Ѵoঞom"‹v|;lvŐ  -$!$őƑƏƐƔķvĺѵƑƒŋѵƑƖĺ

Œƕœĺ,;11_bmoķĺ-ubm;ѴѴbķ†mfb;†ķĺorroķ!ĺ$†uubķVoltage Control for Unbalanced Low Voltage Grids

Using a Decoupled-Phase On-Load Tap-Changer Transformer and Photovoltaic InvertersķƔƏ|_m|;um-ঞom-Ѵ

(9)

ŒѶœĺ!-Œlh_-_ķĺ!;Œ-ŒbŒb-mķĺĺof-0-7bķPhotovoltaic Systems Based on Power Electronic

Transfor-mer with Maximum Power Tracking CapabilityķƑƑm7 Ѵ;1|ub1-Ѵo‰;u bv|ub0†ঞomom=;u;m1;ķ";lm-m

ƑƏƐƕķvĺƕƓŋƕƖĺ

ŒƖœ!ĺ_-‚or-7_‹-‹ķ"ĺ_-‚-1_-u‹-ķo7†Ѳ-uvoѲ-|;7 ň omˆ;u|;u‰b|_†Ѳࢼňbl0$u-mv=oul;u=ou

Interfacing of Renewable Energy Sourcesķ  rrѴb;7o‰;u Ѵ;1|uomb1vom=;u;m1;-m7 Šrovb|bom

Ő őķ_-uѴo‚;ƑƏƐƔķvĺƒƏƒƖŋƒƏƓѵĺ

ŒƐƏœ"ĺ-Œu-ķ"ĺ_-‚-1_-u‹-ķ_ĺ_-hu-0ou|‹ķA Novel Control Principle for a High Frequency Transformer

-v;7†Ѳࢼrou|omˆ;u|;u=oum|;]u-ࢼomo=!;m;‰-0Ѳ; m;u]‹"o†u1;vķ ƑƏƐƒ –

ƒƖ|_mm†-Ѵom-=;u;m1;o=|_; m7†v|ub-Ѵ Ѵ;1|uomb1v"o1b;|‹ķ(b;mm-ƑƏƐƒķvĺƕƖѶƓŋƕƖѶƖĺ

ŒƐƐœ"冋-m]ķĺb†ķ*ĺ)-m]ķ"ĺ"om]ķ*ĺo†ķComparison of Four Power Electronic Transformer

Topolo-]b;vom&m0-Ѳ-m1;7o-7ouu;1ࢼom-r-1b|‹ķ  m;u]‹omˆ;uvbomom]u;vv-m7 ŠrovbঞomŐ  őķ

om|u;-ѴƑƏƐƔķvĺƒƕƏƑŋƒƕƏƖĺ

ŒƐƑœĺ(ĺ|_†Ѵķĺĺu;;|_-ķĺ"ĺ_-m7u-lo_-m-m-buķm-Ѳ‹vbvo="|-uň"|-u ;Ѳ|-ŋ&ࢼѲbŒ;7$u-mv=oul;u†m-

7;u-Ѳ-m1;7-m7&m0-Ѳ-m1;7o-7om7bࢼomvķ m7†v|u‹rrѴb1-ঞomv"o1b;|‹mm†-Ѵ;;ঞm]ķ -Ѵ-Ѵ-vƑƏƐƔķvĺƐŋѵĺ

ŒƐƒœ,ĺŊ*ĺ,o†ķĺ†|b11_bķĺbv;uu;ķAnalysis and Stabilization of a Smart Transformer-Fed Gridķľ  $u-mv-1ঞomvomm7†v|ub-Ѵ Ѵ;1|uomb1vĿƑƏƐƕķmuŐƖƖőķvĺƐŋƐĺ

ŒƐƓœĺo‚u;ѴѴķĺuo7-moˆb1ķ$ĺĺu;;mķ ‹m-lb1"|-0bѲb|‹o=-b1uo]ub7‰b|_-m1ࢼˆ;o-7ķľ $u-mv--1ঞomvomo‰;u Ѵ;1|uomb1vĿƑƏƐƒķmuƑѶŐƐƐőķvĺƔƐƏƕŋƔƐƐƖĺ

ŒƐƔœĺĺ!o1h_bѴѴķĺbv;uu;ķ!ĺ$;o7ou;v1†ķĺ!o7ub]†;Œķub7ň bѲ|;u ;vb]m=ou-†Ѳࢼl;]-‰-‚;7b†l--Voltage Voltage-Source Inverterķľ $u-mv-1ঞomvomm7†v|ub-Ѵ Ѵ;1|uomb1vĿƑƏƐƐķmuƔѶŐƓőķvĺƐƑƏƔŋ

ƐƑƐƕĺ ŒƐѵœ_ĺ,_-m]ķ+ĺb, ĺbķ ĺ+-m]ķĺ,_†ķ;-v†u;l;m|o=$_u;;ň bl;mvbom-Ѳ-]m;ࢼ1uor;uࢼ;v‰b|_ ;;7-0-1hom|uoѲ-m7-ulomb1olr;mv-ࢼomķľ $u-mv-1ঞomvomm7†v|ub-Ѵ Ѵ;1|uomb1vĿƑƏƐƕķmuѵƓŐƒőķ vĺƑƓƕѵŋƑƓѶƔĺ ŒƐƕœ ĺ$-m]ķ,ĺ)-m]ķĺĺm7;uvomķĺ-ul-mķĺĺov;vķrruoŠbl-ࢼom-m7u;7b1ࢼomo=-]m;ࢼŒ--ࢼom†uˆ;v=ouo‰;u$u-mv=oul;uou;m-Ѳ‹vbvķľ $u-mv-1ঞomvom-]m;ঞ1vĿƑƏƐƔķmuƔƐŐƔőķvĺ ƐŋѶĺ

ŒƐѶœ$ĺ u-0;hķĺ ‹0o‰vhbķControl of Prosumer Energy Sources in Power Grid Feeded by Three-Phase

Distri-0†ࢼom$u-mv=oul;uķƐƔ|_

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