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Problematyka nadzoru korporacyjnego i jego wpływ na kreowanie wartości organizacji

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Academic year: 2021

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In the era of liberalization of economic relations and more intensive colla-borations between companiesthe issue of corporate governance is especially uptodate. The way corporate governance is carried out depends on the way a company is perceived and what its role is. A company perceived solely as a tool for its owners to accomplish their goals represents a financial modelin which a superior goal is creation and growth of value for owners as a result of fulfillment of their interests. The role of corporate governance in this case is to create an effective system of relations between company owners and hired ma-nagers. In broader spectrum the result of companymVwork should be the value for all subjects involvedqstakeholderswhich guarantees security and safety.

The aim of the article is to discuss the correlation between the perception of a companythe concept of its value and the way corporate supervision is carried out.

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2. Koncepcja i geneza nadzoru korporacyjnego

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