ELŻBIETA M A ŁY SO W A , JERZY BORS, LESZE K SZER SZ EŃ
IN V E STIG A TIO N S ON PR O F IL E D ISTR IB U TIO N OF SR-90 IN ARABLE SO ILS OF LOW ER SIL E SIA 1
D ep a rtm en t of A g ricu ltu ra l C h em istry, C o lleg e of A g ricu ltu re, W rocław . H ead — P rof. Dr. K a zim ierz B o ra ty ń sk i
I n stitu te of F ertiliza tio n , C u ltiv a tio n and S o il S cien ce. H ead — Dr. Z d zisła w G on et D ep a rtm en t of S o il S cien ce, C o lleg e of A g ricu ltu re, W rocław .
H ead —• P rof. Dr. S ta n isła w K o w a liń sk i
K now ledge on th e m ig ratio n of Sr-90 in soil is not profuse [1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12] an d th e re are no p u b lication s on th e d isp lacem en t of Sr-90 in soils u n d e r a g ric u ltu ra l cu ltiv a tio n a t a ll in P o lish or foreign lite ra tu re .
It is g e n e ra lly know n th a t th e d isp lacem ent of Sr-90 d eriv ed from rad io activ e p re c ip ita tio n is neglible in u n c u ltiv a te d soils.
O u r in v estig atio n s have in d ic a te d th a t g e n e ra lly th is concerns o u r c u ltiv a te d soils, b u t in c e train cases th e d isp lacem ent of Sr-90 deep into th e soil p rofile can be g re a te r th a n is g e n e ra lly ad o pted for u n c u ltiv a te d soils.
S tro n tiu m , as reg a rd s its chem ical p ro p erties, resem bles calcium — th e fac t th a t calcium is leach ed fro m th e su rface lay e rs to th e d eep er ones [4] is w ell know n, th is process being m o re in ten siv e in a rab le soils. It seem s th a t Sr-90 can behave sim ila rly to calcium . T he purpose of th e p re se n t w o rk w as to in v estig ate this phenom enon in arab le soils as reg a rd s its typology an d kind.
OBJECT A N D M ETH ODS OF IN V E ST IG A T IO N S
Soil profiles w ere ta k e n from a rab le fields fro m th e L ow er S ilesian L ands. The to ta l a n n u a l p rec ip ita tio n in th is te r r ito ry am o u n ts to 530—
1 T he in v e s tig a tio n s w e r e p a rtly su b sid ized by th e Iso to p e A g ricu ltu ra l C om m isio n of th e P o lish A ca d em y of S cien ces.
selection 3. The m orphological fe a tu re s in v estig a ted in th e field and c e rtain chem ical p ro p ertie s an d m echan ical com position d e te rm in e d in the lab o ra to ry according to th e g e n e ra lly adop ted m ethods enab led to g rad e th em in to th e follow ing sy ste m atic u n its:
P ro file 1 — C om plete podsol soil fo rm ed of lig h t loam y sand on loose fluviog lacial san d (T rzebnica county).
P ro file 2 — L ight podzolic soil fo rm ed of lig h t clay san d on T e rtia ry silt (T rzebnica county).
P ro file 3 — L ight incom plete podsol soil form ed from lig h t loam y san d on ligh t bo u ld er loam (Legnica county).
P ro file 4 — B row n soil form ed out of slig h tly loam y san d on loose fluv io- g lacial sand la y e re d w ith a n o rm a l d u st sedim ents (Legnica county).
P ro file 5 — B row n soil form ed of m ed iu m d u sty loam — d e lu v ia lly w e a th ere d from conglom erates, on h e a v y clays; th e profile w as tak e n from an a rab le field lying on a slope (Ząbkow ice county).
P ro file 6 — Pseudopodzolic soil form ed fro m m edium d u sty loam — th e profile w as tak e n from a p lain at th e foot of a slope (Ząbko w ice county).
P ro file 7 — Pseudopodzolic soil form ed fro m d elu v ial loam (Ząbkowice county).
P ro file 8 — C om plete pseudopodzolic soil fo rm ed of d u st sedim ents of w a te r origin.
P ro file 9 — B row n soil form ed of lig h t loam on a sa n d y -g ra v el fo rm atio n (Jelen ia G óra county).
P ro file 10 — D eep h e a v y a llu v ia l soil (Wołów county).
P ro file 11 — C hernozem fo rm ed of lig h t b o u ld er loam (Wołów county). P ro file 12 — Bog soil — shallow “m u rs h ” on slig h tly loam y san d (Sroda
Ś ląska county).
Soil sam ples for lab o ra to ry in v estig atio n s w ere tak e n fro m th e genetic horizons of each profile, those tak e n fro m th e h u m u s lay e r g e n e ra lly being
2 T h e hig’h est p recip ita tio n (620—700 m m p er year) occurs in th e Z ą b k o w ice and J e le n ia Góra co u n ties (prof. 5, 6, 7, 9). T h e q u a n tity of p recip ita tio n in th e form of sn o w is s lig h tly h ig h er in th is territo ry th an in th e rem a in in g ones.
3 A ll th e so ils in v e s tig a te d w e r e ta k en from p lain s. E x cep tio n s are: p r o file 5, w h ic h w a s lo ca ted on a slo p e w ith a g ra d ien t of about 10° and p r o file 6, lo ca ted on a p la in at th e fo o t of th is slope. T here w e r e d elu v iu m and a llu v iu m p ro cesses
Fig. 1. P r o file d istrib u tio n of Sr-90 in lig h t in co m p lete so ils
1 — p C i /k g o f s o i l , 2 — e x c h a n g e a b l e C a in m . e . /100 g s o i l , 3 — s i l t a n d c l a y 0.02 m m /i n p e r c e n t
able alk alis a n d organic С w ere d e te rm in e d in th e sam ples ta k e n b y th e g e n e ra lly used m ethods.
Sr-90 w as d e te rm in e d by th e R e i s s i g m eth o d [8]. T he a c tiv ity of th e sam ples in pC w as com puted by m eans of th e s tro n tiu m sta n d a rd m ade at th e C e n tra l L a b o rato ry of R adiological P ro tectio n . In view of the re la ti
vely low a c tiv ity of th e sam ples, th e e rro r of th e rad io m etric m ea su re m en ts am o u n ted on an average to abou t 10 p ercent.
The Sr-90 co n ten t in the soils ex am in ed an d the re su lts of th e lab o ra to ry d e te rm in a tio n s w ere p rese n ted in Fig. 1— 3 and in Tabs 1 and 2.
D IS C U S S IO N OF THE R E SU L T S
The displacem en t of Sr-90 in ara b le soils, observed d u rin g ou r p relim i n a ry ob servations [7], confirm th e re su lts ob tain ed in our w ork. T hey con form to our h y p o th esis th a t Sr-90 can be exch an geable ju st like calcium and can be found to g eth e r w ith calciu m in th e deeper lay ers of th e profile.
As issues fro m th e d a ta p re se n te d in Figs 1, 2, 3, th e arab le la y e r in a ll the in v estig a ted soils is m ost stro n g ly co n ta m in a ted a n d only in light soils Sr-90 occurs in th e deeper lay ers (Fig. 1, profiles 2 and 4). T his coin cides w ith th e re su lts of our previo u s inv estig atio n s [7], w hich w e cite for com parison in Fig. 1 (profile la an d 3a).
It is d iffic u lt to d eterm in e in lig h t soils to w h a t d e p th Sr-90 is d isp la ced. L eached Sr-90 is displaced over a large space in consequence of w hich its q u a n titie s a re low er th a n th e v alu es w hich could possibily be discove red. On th e o th er han d , in lig h t soils (Fig. 1, profiles 2 an d 4) w h ere th e lay e r is m ore com pact an d th e re fo re causes th e Sr-90 to be leached, its accu m u latio n enables a q u a n tita tiv e d e te rm in a tio n in th is layer.
In case th e com pact la y e r lies v e ry deep (Fig. 2, profile 3) th e d isp ers ion of Sr-90 is also large, th e n th e q u a n titie s of Sr-90 w hich can be discove re d do not rea c h th e bed. E xchan geab le Ca, ju st like Sr-90, is also leached. Thus, th e co n ten t of ex ch an g eable Ca in profile 4 (Fig. 1) in a lay e r of 0— 10 cm am o u n ts to 2 m.e. (100 gram s of soil w ith Sr-90 66 pC i/kg soil. The exchan geab le Ca co n ten t increases to 5.5 m.e./100 gram s w ith a Sr-90 co n ten t of 46 pC i/kg soil a t a d e p th of 45— 55 cm w h ere a m ore com pact fo rm ation occurs. A lm ost th e sam e p ictu re of d isplacem ent of Sr-90 an d exchan geab le Ca is in profile la , w h ere resp ective values in th e 0— 10 cm lay e r am o u n t to 9.6 m.e. of exch ang eab le Ca/100 gram s of soil and 107 pCi Sr-90/1 kg soil an d at a d ep th of 60— 70 cm — 7.7 m.e. exchangeable Ca a n d 124 pCi Sr-90/1 kg soil.
T here does not occur a n y d istin ct d isp lacem ent of Sr-90 in h eav ier soils (Fig. 3, profiles 8 an d 10) form ed of d u st sedim ents, loam s and clays. The larg e st q u a n titie s of Sr-90 are in su rface lay ers (1— 10 cm), in d eeper lay ers th e Sr-90 co n ten t d im inishes an d it falls to zero below th e arab le lay e r ab out 20— 25 cm. A larg e p a rt of silt an d clay, inclu ding colloidal clay, occuring in th ese soils, causes Sr-90 to rem a in in its sorption com plex.
T he Sr-90 co n ten t and ce rtain p ro p erties of th e soils in v estig ated , i.e. those w hich can possibly ch aracterize th e b eh av io u r of Sr-90 in th e surface lay er, from w hich it is leached, are given in m Ci/sq. km in Tabs 1 an d 2. T he dim ensions of co n tam in atio n of th e soils in v estig ated are given as:
A — co n tam in atio n of th e la y e r of 0— 10 cm,
В — th e to ta l co n tam in atio n of th e lay ers in v estig a ted in w hich Sr-90
was d eterm in ed ,
С — to ta l co n tam in atio n of th e p rofile, tak in g into account th e Sr-90 co n ten t lying b etw een th e lay ers analysed.
The a rith m e tic m ean of co n tam in atio n of th e n eig hb ou ring leyers w as ad opted as th e co n tam in atio n of in te rm e d ia te lay ers. S uch a p re se n ta tio n of th e re su lts of Sr-90 d e te rm in a tio n s w as adop ted for th e follow ing reasons. The com plete co n tam in atio n of th e e n tire volum e of th e soil in w hich Sr-90 is fou n d is th e m ost com plete c h a ra c te riz a tio n of th e co n tam in atio n of soils. O w ing to th e c h a ra c te r of th e in v estig ation s, sam ples of 10 cm d e p th w ere ta k e n fro m th e genetic horizons fo r th e analyses, in consequence of w h ich th e Sr-90 co n te n t in th e rem ain in g d ep th s can be ju d g ed only b y estim atio n w hich w e h a d c a rrie d out by m eans of lin e a r in te rp o la tio n . T he valu e of th e e n tire co n tam inatio n, calcu lated in th is m an n er, is b u rd en e d w ith a c e rtain e rro r an d th e re fore, w e also cite th e re su lts o b tain ed fro m d ire c t d eterm in atio n s: con tam in a tio n c alcu lated fro m th ese re su lts is low er th a n the ac tu a l because it does not tak e in to account pro b ab le Sr-90 co n ten ts in lay ers th a t had n ot been analysed.
T he n u m b ers o b tained for th e su rface lay er (0— 10 cm) illu s tra te th e influence of v arious n a tu ra l facto rs on th e beh av io u r of Sr-90 ions in th e soil. T ru e enough, th is in flu en ce in arab le soils is d istu rb e d by th e action of th e an th ro p o g en etic facto rs b u t irresp ectib le of th ese d is tu r bances a c e rtain re g u la rity is to be seen in th e beh av io u r of Sr-90 in ara b le soils.
Table 1 contains th e re su lts of th e d e te rm in a tio n s for arab le com plete soils, w hich are p u t into o rd er according to ascending co n ten t of silt and clay in th e 0— 10 cm layer. C o n tam inatio n b y Sr-90 lies w ith in 13.8—
о P e r -c e n t c o n te n t •—i о 0> a t>> о -*-> • Sr 90 in mC/km^ z; S o i l type pH KCl 4-4 Ш С in la y e r o-lo cm Remarks <u ’•H О & <—i о ч-> '—< T J i о r—i '—i И б о Ca e x /1 0 0 g Su m о c h a n g e b a s e s S o r p ti c a p a c i me В .М o rg . % in p r o f i l e Ph m ю О Т)Н О -г-ł О ф a хо» A В С 12 ’llu rsh" - - 6 .6 1 6 .3 n .o . 9 .7 9 .7 0 1 3 .8 2 4 .6 2 8 .5 1 p o d so l s o i l s 12 6 4 .0 2 .1 2 .2 5 .4 0 . 6 0 1 5 .0 2 2 .8 2 8 .5 11 Black e a r th 24 13 6 .3 8 .9 n .o . 8 .6 1 .8 0 1 5.3 2 7 .0 4 8 .4 9 Brown s o i l 23 7 4 .6 6 .6 6 .7 7 .0 0 .5 8 1 8 .0 3 6 .0 3 6 .0 8 p se u d o p o d so lic s o i l 40 8 5 .7 з . з 1 0 .9 5 .7 0 .8 9 2 8 .8 4 0 .8 4 0 .8 7 " 44 12 6 .0 6 .0 1 0 .1 9 .4 0 .8 5 2 9 .7 3 8 .1 4 7 .6 5 Brown s o i l 49 13 3 .0 7 .0 1 1 .4 9 .7 1 .4 0 2 1 .6 3 6 .6 3 6 .6 e lo p e 6 P seu d o p o d so lic s o i l 49 15 3 .2 6 .8 1 0 .9 9 .8 1 .3 0 2 9 .1 4 0 .8 5 1 .0 a t th e fo o t 10 A l l u v i a l s o i l 36 i i 19 1 6 .3 9 .9 1 8 .4 9 .7 0 .9 2 4 1 .1 5 5 .5 6 9 .3 o f e lo p e T a b l e 2
Contam ination o f Incom plete A rable S o i l s w ith Sr - 90
P r o fi le No . S o i l type p e r -c e n t c o n ten t pH KC1 Ca e x . m e/ 1 0 0 g e o il Su m o f e x c h a n g e a b le b a s e s S o r p ti o n c a p a c it y me B .M . С o r g . % S r-9 0 in mC/km^ in la y e r 0 -1 0 cm in p r o f i l e s il t an d c la y c o ll o id a l c la y A £ С 3 P o d so l s o i l 10 3 4 .5 2 .0 2 .8 5 .2 0 .5 7 1 6 .4 2 3 .6 2 9 .5 4 Brown s o i l 10 4 4 .9 2 .0 4 .3 4 .9 0 . 6 0 9 .9 2 5 .8 46.4 2 P o d so l s o i l 18 11 4 .1 4 .7 4 .9 6 .2 0 .6 3 1 1 .7 3 4 .5 4 2 .5
31.1 m Ci/sq. k m in th is lay er. T his d ifferen ce is p rim a rily connected w ith th e k in d of soil — th e m ore silt an d clay, th e g re a te r co n tam in atio n of th e soil. P ro files 5 an d 10 d ev iate from th ese dependence. T he fo rm er, in spite of th e larg e co n ten t of silt an d clay, in clu d in g colloidal clay, is re la tiv e ly little co n tam in ated . T he p rofile is, h ow ever, located on a slope. T he élu v iatio n process is th e cause of th is low co n tam inatio n. This re fe rs b oth to th e co n tam in atio n in th e 0— 10 cm la y e r an d to to ta l co n tam in ation . C onfirm ation of ou r conclusions can be fo u n d in
th e level of co n tam in atio n in profile 6, w hich lies a t th e foot of th e slope. T he com plete co n tam in atio n of pro file 6 is considerably g re a te r th a n th e co n tam in ation fo u n d in th e rem ain in g profiles. P ro file 10 w as fo und to be m ore con tam in ed th a n profile 6. The high c o n ten t of colloidal clay (19 p ercent) in th is p ro file is caused by th e stro n g bonding of Sr-90 in th e su rface la y e r an d by th e high to ta l contam inatio n.
“M u rsh ” soil (profile 12) d eserves a se p ara te discussion. A ccording to o u r inv estig atio n s w h ich are not cited h ere, soils of a high co n tent of organic su b stances are fe a tu re d by o th er p hysico-chem ical pro p erties th a n m in e ral soils an d th e re fo re th e y b ehave d iffe re n tly in referen ce to Sr-90. This is ex pressed by th e re la tiv e ly low Sr-90 co n ten t in th is soil.
C ontam in atio n of soils (Tab. 2) in a g en e ra l app ro ach is also su b ject to th e rela tio n sh ip s p re se n te d above. T hese are light soils and con tam in a tio n b y Sr-90 of th e 0— 10 cm la y e r is low in th e m (9.9 an d 11.7 m Ci/sq. km ). T he a sce rta in m e n t of a h ig h er co n tam in atio n in profile
3 (16.4 m Ci/sq. km) does no t fin d a sim ple ex p lan atio n , none th e less, a tte n tio n is d raw n to th e fac t th a t to ta l co n tam in atio n of th is profile is low th u s, in co n fo rm ity w ith th e p ro p erties of th is soil.
H igh to ta l co n tam in atio n of p rofile 2 and 4 is th e consequence th a t th e leaching of Sr-90 is stopped on th e deposits of m ore com pact fo r m ations. As re g a rd s th e low to ta l co n tam in atio n of profile 3, it is also in co n fo rm ity w ith our observations. This re su lts from th e deep location -of th e bed. S uch a deep location of th e bed of profile 3 b rin g s th e p ro p e r ties of th is soil closer to those of pro file 1 (Tab. 1). The co n tam in atio n in th ese soils in th e arab le la y e r b o th to ta l an d com plete is alm ost th e sam e.
CONCLUSIONS
T he follow ing conclusions can be d raw n fro m th e in v estig atio n c a r rie d oüt on th e d istrib u tio n of Sr-90 in a ra b le soils as reg a rd s th e ir typology, k in d a n d q u ality :
1. The su rface lay e r (0— 10 cm) is m ost h ig h ly c o n tam in ated in all th e soils in v estig a ted an d the Sr-90 c o n ten t is v e ry d iffe re n tia te d , am o u n tin g to 9.9— 41.1 m Ci/sq. km .
2. T he level of co n tam in atio n of th e su rface la y e r depends p rim a rily on th e k in d of soil — th e m ore silt an d clay th e g re a te r contam in ation .
3. Sr-90 accu m u lates p rim a rily in th e h u m us horizon (0— 20 cm) of h e a v y soils. L eaching of Sr-90 to d eeper lay ers is sm all in th ese soils.
in lig h t incom plete soils on clay or on loam.
5. Sr-90 is leached into the d e p th of th e pro file of lig h t soils, sim ilarly to exchang eab le Ca and m ay be fou n d to g eth e r w ith calcium in d eeper horizons.
6. W hen th e re is a m ore com pact lay er th a t is not v e ry deep in lig ht soils, the Sr-90 leached is re ta in e d and such an accum ulatio n arises th a t it enables its q u a n tita tiv e d ete rm in a tio n .
7. The d ep th of th e d isplacem ent of Sr-90 is d ifficu lt to grasp in light soils. T he d isp ersem en t of Sr-90 in large soil m asses m akes it im possible to obtain a q u a n tita tiv e d e te rm in a tio n even of its tra c e q u a n titie s.
8. T h ere w as s ta te d no d istin ct in flu en ce of pH, sa tu ra tio n of the sorption com plex w ith base cations or q u a n titie s of organic С upon the deeper d isp lacem ent of Sr-90 into th e soil profile.
R EFEREN CES
[1] B a r a n o w s k i R., B o r s J., P r z e s t a l s k i S.: S k a żen ie g leb Z.D. L a sk o - w ic e stron tem 90 (C on tam in ation of soils of L a sk o w ic e b y S tron tiu m 90). S c ie n tific Issu es of th e C o lleg e of A g ricu ltu re, of W rocław , A g ricu ltu re X IX , 1965, pp. 109— 116.
[2] B o c z k a r i e w W. M. , A n t r o p o w a Z. G., B i e ł o w a E. M.: M igracja stron cja 90 i cerja 144 w poczw ach rozlicznogo m ech a n iczesk o g o zastaw a. P o - czw o w ied ien . 9, 1964, 56— 59.
[3] J e n s e n H. , H e n r i k s o n A.: M icrob iological and ch em ica l d eterm in a tio n of m a g n esiu m in so ils. A cta A gric. Scand. 5, 1955, 98— 112.
[4] К о n e с к а - В e 1 1 е у К.: R o zm ieszczen ie w a p n ia i m agn ezu w p ro filu gleb w y tw o rzo n y ch z g lin y z w a ło w ej jako jed en ze w sk a ź n ik ó w ty p o lo g iczn y ch (D istrib u tion of calciu m and m a g n esiu m in th e p ro file of so ils form ed from b oulder clay as one of th e ty p o lo g ica l in d ex ). R oczn. G lebozn., vol. 12, 1962. [5] M a ł y s o w a E.: S to p ień sk a żen ia stron tem ra d io a k ty w n y m n iek tó ry ch gleb
ornych, p a stw isk i g leb n ie u ży tk o w a n y ch rolniczo na te r e n ie G osp od arstw a Szk oln ego w B u k o w cu (The d egree to w h ich certa in arab le so ils of m ea d o w s and soils th at are n ot used for fa rm in g on th e territory of the sch ool farm in B u k o w iec w ere con tam in ated ). R oczn. G lebozn. — su p p lem en t to vol. 13, 19бЗ, 259— 261.
[6] M a ł y s o w a E., B o r s J.: Sr-90 w g leb a ch u ży tk o w a n y ch rolniczo na teren ie w oj. w r o cła w sk ieg o (S tron tiu m 90 in so ils used for fa rm in g in th e territory of th e v o iv o d sh ip of W rocław ). R oczn. G lebozn., vol. 16, No. 1, 1966.
[7] M a ł y s o w a E., B o r s J., S z e r s z e ń L.: P r o filo w e rozm ieszczen ie Sr-90 w n iek tó ry ch gleb a ch orn ych D oln ego Ś lą sk a (P rofile d istrib u tion of stron tiu m 90 in certain arab le so ils of L o w er S ilesia). R oczn. G lebozn. in press.
[8] R e i s s i n g H.: E in B etrag zur B estim m u n g des Sr-90 in B oden. K ern en ergie, 4, 1961, 330— 444.
[9] S с h u f e i e n A. C.: On r a d io a ctiv e co n ta m in a tio n of so ils and crops. A g ricu ltu ra l and p u b lic h ea lth asp ects of r a d io a ctiv e co n ta m in a tio n in n orm al and em erg en cy situ a tio n s. F A O A t En., S eries No. 5, 1964, 68— 91.
[10] S z e p k e R., G r z y b o w s k a D.: S tron tiu m -90 in soil, P olan d 1960. CLOR 12. [11] S z e p k e R., G r z y b o w s k a D.: Z aw artość stron tu 90 w n iek tó ry ch gleb ach w P o lsce (S tron tiu m 90 co n ten t in certa in so ils of Poland). R oczn. G lebozn., v ol. 12, 1965.
[12] T u r i u к a n o w a E. B., P a w ł o c k a j a F. J., T u r i u k a n o w A. N. , B a r a n ó w : R o zp ried ielen ije stron cja 90 w p o w ie r c h n o stn y c h gorizon tach poczw w za w isim o sti od tipa i la n d sza fta . P o czw o w ied ien ., 8, 1964, 88— 95.
E . M A Ł Y S O W A , J . B O R S , L . S Z E R S Z E Ń
O B SE R V A TIO N S SU R L A D IS P O S IT IO N D U Sr-90 D A N S LES SO L S C U L T IV É S DE L A B A S S E SIL É SIE
C h a ir d e C h i m ie A g r i c o l e d e la H a u t e É c o l e d ’ A g r i c u l t u r e d e W r o c ła w
R é s u m é
On a m en é des o b serv a tio n s sur le d ép la cem en t du Sr-90 p ro v en a n t des p récip i ta tio n s r a d io a ctiv es dans 12 p ro fils des d iffé r e n ts sols arab les de la B a sse S ilésie.
Il résu lte de ces ob serv a tio n s, que le d ép la cem en t du Sr-90 en p rofon d eu r du p ro fil du so l a lie u dans des sols lég ers, dans le s sols lég er s en tier la profon d eu r des d ép la cem en t du Sr-90 est d iffic ile à con stater, ta n d is que dans le s sols lég er s n on en tiers le Sr-90 la v é est reten u dans u n e couche p lu s com p acte en q u an tité p erm etta n t son dosage. Ce procès se p asse d’une façon sem b la b le com m e le la v a g e du Ca in terch a n g ea b le. D ans les sols com p actes le Sr-90 s ’a ccu m u le en p rem ier lie u dans le n iv ea u de l ’hum us. L e la v a g e du Sr-90 en d irection des cou ch es p lu s p rofon d es dans ces sols est in sig n ifia n t.
E . M A Ł Y S O W A , J . B O R S , L . S Z E R S Z E Ń
U N T E R SU C H U N G E N Ü BER D IE V ER T EILU N G VO N Sr-90 IM PR O FIL DER K U L T U R B Ö D E N N IE D E R SC H L E SIE N S
L e h r s t u h l f ü r A g r o c h e m i e d e r L a n d w i r t s c h a f t l i c h e n H o c h s c h u l e in W r o c la w
Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g
E s w u rd en U n tersu ch u n g en über die V e r te ilu n g des von den r a d io a k tiv en N ied ersch lä g en h ersta m m en d en Sr-90 in 12 B o d en p ro filen v e r sch ied en er A ck erb öd en N ie d e r sc h le sie n s d u rch gefü h rt.
A us den U n tersu ch u n g en g eh t h ervor, dass das E in d rin gen von Sr-90 in die B o d e n p r o filtie fe in le ic h te n B öd en sta ttfin d e t, in tiefg rü n d ig en le ic h te n B öden ist
sich Sr-90 in erster L in ie im H u m u sh orizon t an. D as A u sw a sc h e n v o n Sr-90 in tie fe r e B o d en p ro filsch ich ten ist in d iesen B öden u n w esen tlich .
E . M A Ł Y S O W A , J . B O R S , L . S Z E R S Z E Ń
B A D A N IA N A D PRO FILO W YM ROZM IESZC ZEN IEM Sr-90 W G LEBAC H U PR A W N Y C H D O LN EG O Ś L Ą S K A
K a t e d r a C h e m i i R o l n e j W S R , W r o c ł a w
S t r e s z c z e n i e
P rzep row ad zon o b ad an ia nad p rzem ieszcza n iem Sr-90 poch od zącego z opadów p ro m ien io tw ó rczy ch w 12 p ro fila ch różn ych gleb orn ych D oln ego Ś ląsk a.
Z badań ty ch w y n ik a , że p rzem ieszcza n ie Sr-90 w głąb p ro filu g leb o w eg o za chodzi w g leb a ch lek k ich ; w gleb a ch le k k ic h c a łk o w ity c h g łęb o k o ść p rzem ieszczan ia Sr-90 jest tru d n a do stw ierd zen ia , n a to m ia st w g leb a ch le k k ic h n ie c a łk o w ity c h w y m y w a n y Sr-90 zo sta je za trzy m y w a n y w w a r s tw ie zw ię ź le jsz e j w ilo ścia ch p o zw a la ją cy ch na jego ozn aczen ie. P roces ten p rzeb iega p od ob n ie jak w y m y w a n ie Ca w y m ien n eg o . W g leb a ch z w ięzły ch Sr-90 grom adzi się p rzede w sz y stk im w p oziom ie p róch n iczn ym . W y m y w a n ie Sr-90 do w a r stw g łęb szy ch je st w tych g leb a ch n ie znaczne. E . М А Л Ы С О В А , И . Б О Р С , А . Ш Е Р Ш Е Н Ь И СС Л ЕД О ВАН И Я ПО РА С П РЕ Д ЕЛ ЕН И Ю Sr-90 В П РО Ф И Л Е П А Х О Т Н Ы Х ПО ЧВ Н И Ж Н Е Й С И Л ЕЗИ И К а ф е д р а А г р о х и м и и , В ы с ш а я С е л ь с к о х о з я й с т в е н н а я Ш к о л а , В р о ц л а в Р е з ю м е И ссл едов али р асп р ед ел ен и е Sr-90 и з р ади оак ти вн ы х осадк ов в 12 п р о ф и л я х р азл и ч н ы х п ах о т н ы х почв Н и ж н ей С илезии. И з и ссл едов ан и й вы текает, что п ер ем ещ ен и е Sr-90 в глуби н у почвенного п р о ф и л я им еет м есто в л егк и х п очв ах; в одн ор одн ы х л егк и х п оч в ах трудн о установить глуби ну перем ещ ен и я Sr-90 однако в л егк и х н ео д н о р о д н ы х п оч в ах вы мы ваемы й Sr-90 за д ер ж и в а ет ся в бол ее плотном слое в кол и ч естве достаточ н ы х дл я его оп р едел ен и я . Этот п роц есс п р отекает аналогично как вы мы вание обменного Са. В бол ее св я зн ы х п оч в ах Sr-90 нак оп ли вается п реим ущ ествен но в гум усовом горизонте. В так и х п оч в ах вы м ы ваемость Sr-90 в бол ее глубок ие горизонты н евели ка.
