Selected Papers of J.M. Burgers, edited by F.T.M. Nieuwstadt and J.A. Steketee, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 0-7923-3265-2, The Netherlands (summary)

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Selected Papers of

J. M, Burgers

TECHNISCHEmnvB^re?

laboratorium voor

Scheepshydromechanlca

Archief

Mekerweg 2. 2628 CD Delft

^^"^'^ m-

015-788873 - FèJC 015 ^ 781838

F. T. M. Nieuwstadt

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Maritime Technology, Delft University of Technology,

The Netherlands

and

J. A. Steketee

Department of Aero and Space Engineering, Delft University of Technology,

The Netherlands

4«

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS

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A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 0-7923-3265-2

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Preface

B y t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h i s century, the v i t a l role o f fluid mechanics i n engineering science a n d t e c h n o l o g i c a l progress was c l e a r l y recognised. I n 1918, f o l l o w i n g a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r e n d , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y i n D e l f t established a chair i n fluid d y n a m i c s , a n d we can s t i l l a d m i r e t h e w i s d o m o f the c o m m i t t e e w h i c h a p p o i n t e d t h e y o u n g t h e o r e t i c a l p h y s i c i s t , J . M . B u r g e r s , a t t h e age o f 23, t o t h i s p o s i t i o n w i t h i n t h e d e p a r t m e n t o f M e c h a n i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g , N a v a l a r c h i t e c t u r e a n d E l e c t r i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g . T h e consequences o f t h i s a p p o i n t m e n t were t o be f a r - r e a c h i n g .

J . M . B u r g e r s w e n t o n t o become one o f t h e l e a d i n g figures i n t h e field o f fluid mechanics: a g i a n t o n whose shoulders t h e D u t c h fluid mechanics c o m m u n i t y s t i l l stands. I t is t h e r e f o r e scarcely s u r p r i s i n g t h a t t h e r e c e n t l y established D u t c h research school o n fluid mechanics s h o u l d bear t h e name " J . M . B u r g e r s C e n t r e " .

T h e w o r k o f J . M . B u r g e r s has been i n f l u e n t i a l i n m a n y areas o f fluid me-chanics a n d his papers are s t i l l firequently q u o t e d , u s u a l l y i n t h e c o n t e x t o f an e q u a t i o n o r result t o w h i c h his n a m e became a t t a c h e d .

U p t o 1955 w h e n he l e f t f o r t h e U S A t o b u i l d a n e w s c i e n t i f i c career, J . M . B u r g e r s p u b l i s h e d most o f his scientific w o r k i n t h e Proceedings a n d Transac-t i o n s o f Transac-t h e R o y a l N e Transac-t h e r l a n d s A c a d e m y o f Sciences, o f w h i c h he was a dis-t i n g u i s h e d m e m b e r . Sadly, dis-these p u b l i c a dis-t i o n s are d i f f i c u l dis-t dis-t o o b dis-t a i n dis-t h r o u g h t h e u s u a l l i b r a r y channels, a n d as a r e s u l t t h e w o r k o f J . M . B u r g e r s has been f r e q u e n t l y m i s q u o t e d or, worse s t i l l , reference t o i t o m i t t e d .

A g a i n s t t h i s b a c k g r o u n d a n d t o celebrate t h e centenary o f his b i r t h , the e d i t o r s decided t o select a n d reissue those o f his papers considered t o c o n t a i n his m o s t i m p o r t a n t w o r k u p t o 1955. I t is h o p e d t h a t i n t h i s w a y his w o r k , a n d i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e papers w i t h the results t h a t s t i l l bear his n a m e , w i l l be-come accessible t o a w i d e r audience. T h i s selection a n d t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y o f a l l p u b l i c a t i o n s t o w h i c h t h e name o f J . M . B u r g e r s is a t t a c h e d w i l l g i v e t h e reader a n i n s i g h t i n t o t h e b r e a d t h a n d d e p t h o f J . M . B u r g e r s ' w o r k . T h e e d i t o r s w i l l be h a p p y t o answer any queries o r t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t a n y o f these p u b l i c a t i o n s .

A p a r t f r o m b e i n g a b r i l l i a n t scientist J . M . B u r g e r s ' interest a n d i n v o l v e m e n t i n o t h e r areas o f h u m a n endeavour are revealed i n t h e i m p r e s s i v e a n d l i v e l y

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v i J . M . Burgers correspondence he c o n d u c t e d w i t h specialists i n m a n y fields. E v i d e n c e o f t h i s is c o n t a i n e d i n the b i o g r a p h y p u b l i s h e d i n t h i s b o o k . F o r t u n a t e l y , J . M . B u r g e r s was well-organised a n d k e p t copies o f a l l l e t t e r s . B o t h i n M a r y l a n d , his second s c i e n t i f i c home, a n d i n D e l f t these letters have been a r c h i v e d a n d t h e y m a k e f a s c i n a t i n g r e a d i n g f o r a l l i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e m a n J . M . B u r g e r s , a n d i n t h e era i n w h i c h he l i v e d .

W e are v e r y h a p p y t o be able t o p u b l i s h t h i s t r i b u t e t o t h e g r e a t scientist, J . M . B u r g e r s , t o m a r k t h e centenary o f his b i r t h o n 13 J a n u a r y 1895, a n d are g r a t e f u l t o f o r t h e s t i n m l a t i o n a n d encouragement b y m a n y colleagues t o u n d e r t a k e t h e e d i t i n g o f t h i s b o o k . I n p a r t i c u l a r we are i n d e b t e d t o t h e R o y a l N e t h e r l a n d s A c a d e m y of Sciences f o r i t s p e r m i s s i o n t o r e p r i n t t h e w o r k o f J . M . B u r g e r s . F i u t h e r , f o r the generous c o n t r i b u t i o n s w h i c h have m a d e p u b l i c a t i o n o f t h i s b o o k possible, the e d i t o r s w i s h t o express a p p r e c i a t i o n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g companies a n d i n s t i t u t e s : A k z o N o b e l , J . M . B u r g e r s C e n t r e , F o k k e r , G a s u n i e , Hoogovens G r o e p B V , H y d r a u l i c s L a b o r a t o r y , N a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r C o a s t a l a n d M a r i n e M a n a g e m e n t / R I K Z , N L R , P h i l i p s , Shell N e d e r l a n d B . V . , S t o r k K e t e l s , T N O - M & E , T N O - P M L , T N O - T P D , U n i l e v e r a n d t h e P i e t e r Zeeman Fonds.

T h e e d i t o r s F . T . M . N i e u w s t a d t J . A Steketee D e l f t , O c t o b e r 12, 1994

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B i o g r a p h y x i A Y o u t h i n A r n h e m x i i B S t u d y i n L e i d e n x i i i C Tliesis i n H a a r l e m x v i D A p p o i n t m e n t i n D e l f t x v i i i E Professor i n D e l f t x x E . l L a b o r a t o r i e s a n d S t a f f x x i E . 2 T e a c h i n g a n d Students x x i v E.3 E x p e r i m e n t a l W o r k x x v i i E.4 T h e o r e t i c a l W o r k x x x E . 4 . 1 Resistance i n F l o w s x x x i i E.4.2 T u r b u l e n c e x x x i v E.4.3 R h e o l o g y x x x i x E.4.4 Suspensions x l i E.4.5 Compressible A e r o d y n a m i c s a n d Gas D y n a m i c s xH

E . 5 ' A p p l i e d ' W o r k x l i i E . 5 . 1 A e r o n a u t i c s x l i v E.5.2 H y d r a u h c s xUv E.5.3 V e n t i l a t i o n x l v E.5.4 W i n d m i l l s x l v i F C o n n e c t i o n s a r o u n d the W o r l d x l v i i i F . l Conferences a n d Correspondence a r o u n d t h e W o r l d 1 F . 2 C o m m u n i s m a n d Russia l i v G Concerns a b o u t Society a n d Career I v i i i

G . l Society I v i i j G.2 Career I x ü

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H A N e w L i f e i n t h e N e w W o r l d H . l J M B a n d t h e U S A H . 2 Professor i n M a r y l a n d I A Passionate M a n L l A B r o a d M i n d I . 2 A Peculiar C h a r a c t e r 1.3 A n I n c o n i p r e h c n d e d P h i l o s o p h e r 1.3.1 Science L 3 . 2 L i f e J J M B i n Present-day Science J . l T h e Burgers E q u a t i o n J.2 T h e Burgers V e c t o r J.3 T h e Burgers E l e m e n t o r B o d y J.4 T h e Burgers V o r t e x Acknowledgements B i b l i o g r a p h y S e l e c t e d P a p e r s " O n t h e resistance experienced b y a f l u i d i n t u r b u l e n t m o t i o n " " P r e l i m i n a r y measurements o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e v e l o c i t y o f a fluid i n t h e i m m e d i a t e n e i g h b o u r h o o d o f a plane, s m o o t h surface" " O n Oseen's t h e o r y f o r t h e a p p r o x i m a t e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e flow o f a fluid w i t h v e r y s m a l l f r i c t i o n a l o n g a b o d y " " O n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f Oseen's h y d r o d y n a m i c a l equations t o the p r o b l e m o f t h e s h p s t r e a m f r o m an i d e a l p r o p e l l e r " " O n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of s t a t i s t i c a l mechanics t o t h e t h e o r y o f t u r b u l e n t fluid m o t i o n . I , I I , H I " " O n the a p p l i c a t i o n o f Oseen's t h e o r y t o t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e f r i c t i o n experienced b y an i n f i n i t e l y t h i n flat p l a t e " " O n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f s t a t i s t i c a l mechanics t o t h e t h e o r y o f t u r b u l e n t fluid m o t i o n . I V , V , V I , V I I " " I n t r o d u c t o r y r e m a r k s o n recent investigations c o n c e r n i n g t h e s t r u c t u r e o f l i q u i d s " " O n t h e m o t i o n o f s m a l l p a r t i c l e s of elongated f o r m , suspended i n a viscous l i q u i d "

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Selected Papers

" M a t h e m a t i c a l examples i l l u s t r a t i n g r e l a t i o n s o c c u r r i n g i n t h e

t h e o r y o f t u r b u l e n t f l u i d m o t i o n " 281 "Some considerations o n t h e fields o f stress

connected w i t h dislocations i n a regular

c r y s t a l l a t t i c e . I , I I " 335 " A p p l i c a t i o n o f a m o d e l system t o i l l u s t r a t e some p o i n t s

o f t h e s t a t i s t i c a l t h e o r y o f free t u r b u l e n c e " 390 " O n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o f v i s c o s i t y d a t a t o t h e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e shape o f p r o t e i n molecules i n s o l u t i o n " 4 0 1 "Some considerations o n t h e development of boundfu-y layers

i n t h e case o f f l o w s h a v i n g a r o t a t i o n a l c o m p o n e n t " 429 " O n t h e d i s t i n c t i o n between irregular- a n d systematic m o t i o n

i n d i f f u s i o n p r o b l e m s " 442 " O n t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a suspension u p o n t h e

s e d i m e n t a t i o n v e l o c i t y ( i n p a r t i c u l a r f o r a

suspension o f spherical p a r t i c l e s ) " 452 " O n t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n o f sound waves t h r o u g h a shock wave" 478

"Some p r o b l e m s of t h e m o t i o n o f i n t e r s t e l l a r gas clouds. I , I I " 487 " A e r o d y n a m i c a l p r o b l e m s suggested b y a case o f m o t i o n o f

i n t e r s t e l l a r gas c l o u d s / A e r o d y n a m i c a l p r o b l e m s connected w i t h t h e m o t i o n o f a c l o u d o f gas e m i t t e d by

N o v a Persei. I , I I , I I I " 506 " Cases o f m o t i o n i n a gas w i t h n o n c o l l i d i n g molecules" 533

" O n t h e i n f l u e n c e o f g r a v i t y u p o n t h e expansion o f a gas. I , I I " 544 " D a m p e d oscillations o f a spherical mass o f an elastic fluid" 562 " N o t e o n t h e d a m p i n g o f t h e r o t a t i o n a l o s c i l l a t i o n o f a

spherical mass o f an elastic fluid i n consequence o f

s l i p p i n g a l o n g t h e b o u n d a r y " 572 " T h e f o r m a t i o n o f v o r t e x sheets i n a s i m p l i f l e d t y p e o f t u r b u l e n t m o t i o n " 579 " O n homogeneous n o n - i s o t r o p i c t u r b u l e n c e connected w i t h a mean m o t i o n h a v i n g a c o n s t a n t v e l o c i t y g r a d i e n t . I , I I " 591 " R o t a t i o n a l m o t i o n o f a sphere s u b j e c t t o visco-ela-stic d e f o r m a t i o n . I , I I , I I I " 611 " O n t h e p r o b l e m of t h e p o s t g l a c i a l u p l i f t o f Fennoscandia. I , I I " 630

Selected Papers of J.M. Burgers, edited by F.T.M. Nieuwstadt and J.A. Steketee, Kluwer Academic Publishers, ISBN: 0-7923-3265-2, The Netherlands (summary)