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View of Subcarpathian Voivodship on the Electoral Map of Poland (1989-2014)

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Political Preferences

11/2015

Editors:

Agnieszka Turska-Kawa

Waldemar Wojtasik

Katowice 2015

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Abstract:

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Key words:

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Introduction

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University of Rzeszow, Poland

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The causes of electoral behaviours among the residents of the

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