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L A B O R A T O R I U M V O O R S C H E E P S H Y D R O M E C H A N I C A

Rapport No. 494

SEAKEEPING TRIALS WITH HNLMS "TYDEMAN"

P r o f . i r . J . G e r r i t s m a a n d i n g . W.Beukelman

m a r c h 1980

Delft University of Technology

Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory M e k e l w e g 2

D e l f t 2 2 0 8 Netherlands

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1 . I n t r o d u c t i o n . 2. D e s c r i p t i o n o f m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . 3. P a r t i c u l a r s o f s h i p d u r i n g t r i a l s . 4. R e s u l t s o f wave a n d w i n d m e a s u r e m e n t s . 5. C o m p a r i s o n o f s h i p m o t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d c a l c u l a t i o n s . 5 . 1 . A n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k . 6. A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s . 7. R e f e r e n c e s . 8. N o m e n c l a t u r e .

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I n t r o d u c t i o n .

I n t h e p e r i o d o f 13 - 22 M a r c h 1978 f u l l s c a l e s e a k e e p i n g t r i a l s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d o u t w i t h t h e o c e a n o g r a p h i c r e s e a r c h v e s s e l

HNLMS "Tydeman". The p u r p o s e o f t h e t r i a l s was t o d e t e r m i n e :

a. t h e a m p l i t u d e r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n s f o r h e a v e , p i t c h , r o l l a n d f o r t h e v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e bow i n l o n g i t u d i n a l w a v e s , as w e l l as i n o b l i q u e wave c o n d i t i o n s , f r o m wave- a n d s h i p m o t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s . b . t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e f r e e s u r f a c e a n t i r o l l i n g t a n k on t h e r o l l i n g m o t i o n i n beam s e a s . M o s t o f t h e t r i a l s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t i n a s m a l l a r e a a r o u n d 58 30' N 12°00' VJ, b u t a d d i t i o n a l l y t w o r u n s w e r e done n e a r 58°29' N 2°35'W. A f t e r a s m a l l c o n v e r s i o n o f t h e a f t e r b o d y o f t h e s h i p a s e c o n d t r i a l h a s b e e n c a r r i e d o u t i n December 1978. On t h i s o c c a s i o n o n l y t h e v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e bow has b e e n m e a s u r e d n e a r 44°43' N 19°16' W i n one h e a d s e a c o n d i t i o n . The t r i a l s i n c l u d e d t h e m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e p r e v a i l i n g s e a c o n -d i t i o n s b y means o f wave b u o y s , -d e v e l o p e -d a t t h e D e l f t S h i p H y d r o m e c h a n i c s L a b o r a t o r y , W i t h r e g a r d t o t h e c h o i c e o f s u i t a b l e wave c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e i n t e n d e d s e a k e e p i n g t r i a l s , t h e D a v i d T a y l o r N a v a l S h i p R e s e a r c h and D e v e l o p m e n t C e n t r e (DTNSRDC) o f f e r e d v a l u a b l e a s s i s t a n c e t h r o u g h t h e R o y a l N e t h e r l a n d s Navy b y p r o v i d i n g wave a n d w i n d f o r e c a s t s f o r t h e c o n s i d e r e d s e a a r e a ' s . These f o r e c a s t s w e r e made by t h e F l e e t N u m e r i c a l W e a t h e r C o n t r o l (FNWC) a t M o n t e r e y , CA, f o r l o c a t i o n s n e a r t h e i n t e n d e d t r i a l a r e a . The wave f o r e c a s t s h a v e b e e n t r a n s m i t t e d d a i l y t o t h e s h i p a t 00 0 0 a n d 12 00 GMT, On t h e b a s i s o f t h e s e f o r e c a s t s t h e M a r c h t r i a l s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d o u t n e a r l o c a t i o n 127 (58°l8' N 12°l8' W). The p r e d i c -t i o n f o r -t h e d e c e m b e r -t r i a l s has b e e n c a r r i e d o u -t f o r -t h r e e l o c a t i o n s , t h e n e a r e s t b e i n g 45°00' N, 17°18' W, I n t o t a l f o u r t e e n wave s p e c t r a h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d w i t h a r e c o r d i n g t i m e o f f o r t y m i n u t e s e a c h , as w e l l as c o r r e s p o n d i n g s h i p m o t i o n s , t h e a v e r a g e p o w e r , t h e w i n d s p e e d a n d t h e w i n d d i r e c t i o n .

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2 -e s t i m a t -e d by v i s u a l o b s -e r v a t i o n . D u r i n g b o t h t r i a l s t h -e w a v -e s w e r e n o t u n i - d i r e c t i o n a l , b u t no e s t i m a t e o f t h e a n g u l a r s p r e a d o f t h e wave e n e r g y c o u l d be made. I n t h i s r e p o r t t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e wave a n d w i n d m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e c o m p a r e d w i t h p r e d i c t e d v a l u e s as a c o m p l i m e n t o f ^ 1 ^ . A l s o t h e c a l c u l a t e d a m p l i t u d e r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n s , t h e m e a s u r e d wave c o n d i t i o n s a n d t h e m o t i o n s p e c t r a o f t h e s h i p h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d and c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e m e a s u r e d m o t i o n s p e c t r a . 2. D e s c r i p t i o n o f m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s . The v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e w a t e r s u r f a c e h a s b e e n m e a s u r e d w i t h a wave b u o y , w h i c h i s d e s c r i b e d i n some d e t a i l ^ 2 ^ . The s p h e r i c a l wave b u o y h a s a d i a m e t e r o f 0.4 3 m e t e r a n d i s h a l f i m m e r s e d when f l o a t i n g . The b u o y i s s t a b i l i z e d b y means o f a l i g h t t u b u l a r c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a b o u t 1 m e t e r l e n g t h , a t h i n s t e e l w i r e c o n n e c t e d t o t h i s e x t e n s i o n a n d a s t a b i l i z i n g w e i g h t , s e e F i g u r e 1 . The l e n g t h o f t h e w i r e d e p e n d s o n t h e e x p e c t e d wave l e n g t h s w h i c h h a v e t o be m e a s u r e d . I n a seaway t h e b u o y f o l l o w s t h e wave s u r f a c e w i t h s u f f i c i e n t a c c u r a c y a n d t h e s t a b i l i z i n g s y s t e m keoDS t h e b u o y , i n a v e r t i c a l p o s i t i o n , w i t h i n a f e w d e g r e e s . The b u o y i s e q u i p p e d w i t h an a n t e n n a a n d t r a n s m i t s a f r e q u e n c y m o d u l a t e d s i g n a l o f t h e v e r t i c a l a c c e l e r a t i o n t o t h e s h i p . The v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t i s f o u n d b y n u m e r i c a l i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e d i g i t i z e d a c c e l e r a t i o n r e c o r d i n g . The e f f e c t i v e r a n g e o f t h e t r a n s m i t t e r i s l i m i t e d t o a b o u t 9 - 2 0 m i l e s d e p e n d i n g on w a v e c o n d i t i o n s . D i g i t a l d a t a r e d u c t i o n m e t h o d s h a v e b e e n u s e d t o c o m p u t e t h e p o w e r d e n s i t y s p e c t r a o f t h e wave r e c o r d i n g s . R o l l a n d p i t c h h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d w i t h a S p e r r y VG14 v e r t i c a l g y r o a n d f o r t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e v e r t i c a l m o t i o n a t t h e c o l l i s i o n b u l k h e a d a n d a t t h e c e n t r e o f g r a v i t y o f t h e s h i p , v e r t i c a l a c c e l e r o m e t e r s on s t a b i l i z e d p l a t f o r m s h a v e b e e n u s e d . The r o l l , o i t c h a n d v e r t i c a l a c c e l e r a t i o n s i g n a l s h a v e b e e n r e c o r d e d on an i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n t a p e r e c o r d e r , w h e r e a s f o r s h i p -s p e e d , r e l a t i v e w i n d -s p e e d , r e l a t i v e w i n d d i r e c t i o n , t o r q u e a n d t h r u s t a o e n r e c o r d e r h a s b e e n u s e d . The v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t s w e r e o b t a i n e d f r o m n u m e r i c a l i n t e g r a t i o n o f t h e r e c o r d e d a n d d i g i t i z e d a c c e l e r a t i o n s i g n a l s , as i n t h e c a s e o f t h e wave b u o y m e a s u r e m e n t s . F o r t h e d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f t h e p o w e r d e n s i t y s p e c t r a a s a m p l i n g t i m e o f 1.4 s e c o n d s h a s b e e n u s e d , t h e l e n g t h o f e a c h o f t h e wave recorcï b e i n g 2100 s e c o n d s w i t h

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t h e e x c e p t i o n o f t h e r u n s i n December 1978 w h e r e a r e c o r d o f 1120 s e c o n d s h a d t o be u s e d . The number o f l a g s t o c o m p u t e t h e a u t o c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n s h a s b e e n t a k e n as 45 a n d a "Hann" f i l t e r f u n c t i o n ( 0 . 2 5 , 0.50, 0.2 5) h a s b e e n u s e d t o s m o o t h t h e r a w s p e c t r u m d e n s i t y e s t i m a t e s . F o r c o m p a r i s o n w i t h p r e d i c t e d w i n d s p e e d s t h e t r u e w i n d s p e e d a n d w i n d d i r e c t i o n has b e e n d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e a p p a r e n t w i n d s p e e d , a p p a r e n t w i n d d i r e c t i o n , t h e a p p a r e n t w i n d a n g l e a n d t h e s h i p ' s h e a d i n g . W i n d s p e e d a n d w i n d d i r e c t i o n h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d by means o f a c u p anemometer a n d a w i n d v a n e s i t u a t e d i n t h e f o r e m a s t o f t h e s h i p , w h e r e a minimum o f a i r f l o w i n t e r f e r e n c e f r o m t h e s h i p ' s s u o e r s t r u c t u r e was e x o e c t e d . 3. P a r t i c u l a r s o f s h i p d u r i n g t r i a l s . M a i n d i m e n s i o n s . L e n g t h o v e r a l l L ^ ^ a p p r o x i m a t e l y 9 0.15 m L e n g t h c o n s t r u c t i o n w a t e r l i n e L^„.^ 84.50 m CWL Beam, m o u l d e d B 14.40 m D e p t h t o G d e c k D 10.00 m D r a f t f o r w a r d T^ 4.38 m D r a f t a f t T, 4.92 m V o l u m e o f d i s p l a c e m e n t i n s e a w a t e r ^ 2796 m L o n g i t u d i n a l r a d i u s o f i n e r t i a 2 1 . 1 m The s h i p i s e q u i p p e d w i t h a p a s s i v e f r e e s u r f a c e a n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k , s i t u a t e d m i d s h i o s . 4. R e s u l t s o f wave a n d w i n d m e a s u r e m e n t s . E l e v e n wave s p e c t r a h a v e b e e n m e a s u r e d v e r y n e a r t o l o c a t i o n 12 7 a n d t w o s o e c t r a h a v e b e e n d e t e r m i n e d a t 58^2 9' N, 0 2^35' W d u r i n g t h e M a r c h t r i a l s . I n December 19 78 wave s p e c t r a w e r e m e a s u r e d a t 38°05' N, 25°03' W, 44°43' N, 19°16' W, 48°17' N, 8°4l' W. I n T a b l e 1 t h e s i g n i f i c a n t wave h e i g h t s , as d e r i v e d f r o m t h e s p e c t r a l a n a l y s i s o f t h e wave r e c o r d i n g s as w e l l as t h e c o r r e s -p o n d i n g w i n d s -p e e d s a n d w i n d d i r e c t i o n s a r e s u m m a r i z e d f o r t h e M a r c h t r i a l s .

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4 -T a b l e 1: M e a s u r e d w a v e h e i g h t , w i n d s p e e d , w i n d d i r e c t i o n . s i g n . wave T r u e w i n d T r u e w i n d wave d i r e c - s p e e d d i r e c t i o n D a t e GMT Run P o s i t i o n h e i g h t rn t i o n d e g r e e s m/s d e g r e e s 16-3-78 0815 BC 9 58°32 11°30 N W 5.7 0 6 0 10.2 034 16-3-78 0900 DE 9 58°35 11°19 N W 5.5 060 13.4 041 1 6 - 3 - 7 8 0945 FG 9 58°28 11°20 N W 5. 1 060 13.8 059 1 6 - 3 - 7 8 1 100 H I 9 58°38 1 1°30 N W 5.0 060 13.2 038 1 6 - 3 - 7 8 1200 CB 9 58°34 1 1°20 N W 4.8 0 6 0 11.3 050 1 6 - 3 - 7 8 1330 K J 9 58°26 11°28 N W 4.7 0 6 0 13.-2 0 5 3 1 7 - 3 - 7 8 0830 BCl 2 58°35 12°36 N W 3.9 0 4 0 4.2 321 1 7 - 3 - 7 8 0930 DEI 2 58°42 12°24 N W 4.2 040 3.4 297 17-3-78 1030 FG12 58°34 12°20 N W 4. 1 040 3.8 270 1 7 - 3 - 7 8 1 130 H I 1 2 58°43 12°42 N W 3.7 0 4 0 4.7 248 1 7 - 3 - 7 8 1215 CB12 58°41 12°25 'N 'W 3.6 040 5.0 249 1 9 - 3 - 7 8 1505 BC 6 58°29 02°37 N 'W 3.9 1 70 15.6 192 1 9 - 3 - 7 8 1550 CB 6 58°25 02°35 'N 'W 3.6 170 12.0 182

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The r u n i d e n t i f i c a t i o n as u s e d i n T a b l e 1 i s d e f i n e d i n F i g u r e 2; t h e number f o l l o w i n g t h e t w o c a p i t a l s b e i n g t h e n o m i n a l s h i p

s p e e d i n k n o t s o f t h e c o n s i d e r e d r u n .

The t h i r t e e n wave s p e c t r a a r e shown i n F i g u r e s 3a, 3 b , 3c on a b a s e o f c i r c u l a r f r e q u e n c y . A l l o f t h e s p e c t r a n e a r l o c a t i o n 127 w e r e u n i m o d a l , w h e r e as f o r t h e r u n s BC 6 a n d CB 6, c a r r i e d o u t n e a r 58°29' N, 02°35' W, a b i m o d a l s p e c t r u m h a s b e e n f o u n d ( F i g u r e 3 a ) . S i m i l a r i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e December t r i a l s i s s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b l e 2 a n d t h e F i g u r e 4. T a b l e 2. M e a s u r e d wave h e i g h t , w i n d s p e e d , w i n d d i r e c t i o n . December T r i a l s . D a t e GMT Run P o s i t i o n S i g n . wave h e i g h t H 1/3 (m) wave d i r e c -t i o n d e g r e e s T r u e w i n d s p e e d m/s T r u e w i n d d i r e c t i o n d e g r e e s 8-12- 78 15,20 A l 38°05'N 2 5^03'W 5.1 045 11.5 266 1 0 - 1 2 - 78 12,25 A2 44°43'N 19^16'W 5.4 210 18,5 135 1 2 - 1 2 - 78 10,30 A3 48°17'N 8°4l'W 9.1

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13.7 239 The m a i n d i r e c t i o n f r o m w h i c h t h e w a v e s a p p r o a c h , as w e l l as t h e a n g u l a r s p r e a d i n g o f t h e wave e n e r g y c a n n o t be m e a s u r e d w i t h t h e D e l f t wave b u o y . T h e r e f o r e t h e m a i n wave d i r e c t i o n c o u l d o n l y be e s t i m a t e d b y v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n . A l t h o u g h e s t i m a t e s o f t h e m a i n wave d i r e c t i o n b y i n d e p e n d e n t o b s e r v e r s d i d n o t d i f f e r g r e a t l y t h e r e l a t i v e wave d i r e c t i o n w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e s h i p ' s c o u r s e r e m a i n s as an u n c e r t a i n f a c t o r i n t h e c o n s i d e r e d t r i a l s . T h i s i s a l s o t h e c a s e f o r t h e a m o u n t o f s h o r t - c r e s t i n e s s o f t h e seaway: i n some c a s e s a s e c u n d a r y wave s y s t e m , s u p e r i m p o s e d o n t h e p r i m a r y w a v e , b u t w i t h a d i f f e r e n t m a i n d i r e c t i o n h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d . F o r t h e t r i a l s o n 16 M a r c h t h e o b s e r v e d m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e p r i m a r y wave s y s t e m was 060 d e g r e e s a n d t h e s e c u n d a r y

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- 6 T h i s i s n o t i n a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e f o r e c a s t , a s c a n b e s e e n f r o m T a b l e 3, i n w h i c h t h e wave a n d w i n d f o r e c a s t s o f FNWC a r e s u m m a r i z e d . On 17 M a r c h t h e m a i n o b s e r v e d v/ave d i r e c t i o n was 040 d e g r e e s . H o w e v e r , on t h i s d a y a w i n d s e a ( v i s u a l e s t i m a t e : 2k - 3 m e t e r ) w i t h a m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f 320 - 290 - 280 - 250 - 2 6 0 d e g r e e s h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d f o r t h e s e q u e n c e o f t h e r u n s BC12 t h r o u g h CB12 . On 19 M a r c h a wave d i r e c t i o n o f 170 d e g r e e s h a s b e e n o b s e r v e d i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h an e s t i m a t e d h e i g h t o f 2^ - 3 m e t e r s . I n t h e F i g u r e s 5 a n d 6 t h e w i n d s p e e d a n d wave h e i g h t f o r e c a s t s o f FNWC a r e c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r a s u l t s o f wave h e i g h t m e a s u r e m e n t s . W i n d s p e e d i s v e r y w e l l p r e d i c t e d a n d a l s o t h e p r e -d i c t i o n o f t h e s i g n i f i c a n t wave h e i g h t o n 16 M a r c h c o r r e s p o n -d s s a t i s f a c t o r y w i t h t h e wave b u o y d a t a . The w a v e s o n 17 M a r c h h a v e b e e n s l i g h t l y u n d e r e s t i m a t e d . F r o m t h e v i s u a l o b s e r v a t i o n s o n b o a r d o f t h e "Tydeman" i t was c o n c l u d e d t h a t t h e r u n s o n 16 M a r c h w e r e t h e b e s t f o r a n a l y s i n g t h e r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n wave c o n d i t i o n s a n d s h i p m o t i o n s . H o w e v e r f r o m t h e p r e d i c t e d p r i m a r y a n d s e c u n d a r y wave s y s t e m s a s g i v e n i n T a b l e 3, a n d f r o m t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s i t i s c l e a r t h a t a l s o i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r c a s e t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e seaway b y a u n i - d i r e c t i o n a l wave s p e c t r u m c o u l d b e i n s u f f i c i e n t f o r a n a l y z i n g t h e s h i p m o t i o n s , t h e d i f f e r e n c e o f t h e t w o s y s t e m s b e i n g a p p r o x i -m a t e l y 180 - 210 d e g r e e s . On 17 a n d 18 M a r c h t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e t w o s y s t e m s i n c r e a s e d t o a b o u t 210 - 240 d e g r e e s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e d i c t i o n s . On 19 M a r c h t h e wave s y s t e m a p p e a r e d t o be v e r y s h o r t c r e s t e d a n d seemed n o t s u i t a b l e f o r s e a k e e p i n g t e s t s as f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e s p r e a d i n g o f wave e n e r g y c o u l d n o t b e o b t a i n e d . I n t h e F i g u r e s 7 a n d 8 t w o m e a s u r e d wave s p e c t r a a r e c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g FNWC f o r e c a s t s . I n F i g u r e 7 t h e f o r e c a s t made o n 14 M a r c h f o r p o i n t 127 f o r 16 M a r c h 1200 GMT i s c o m p a r e d w i t h t h e m e a s u r e d wave s p e c t r u m on r u n CB-12 1215 GMT. F i g u r e 8 c o m p a r e s t h e 16 M a r c h f o r e c a s t f o r 17 M a r c h 1200 GMT w i t h t h e m e a s u r e m e n t t a k e n d u r i n g t h e r u n CB 1 2 . I n t h i s c a s e t h e FNWC v a l u e s a p p e a r t o h a v e a s h i f t i n f r e q u e n c y t o t h e l e f t , b u t i n g e n e r a l t h e t w o f o r e c a s t s show a p o s i t i v e c o m p a r i s o n , i n c l u d i n g t h e 48 h o u r f o r e c a s t f o r t h e CB 9 r u n .

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T a b l e 3: Wave a n d w i n d f o r e c a s t s DTNSRDC f o r 58 18'N, 12 18'W. . 7 ) 8 ) p e r i o d W i n d W i n d s i g n . d i r e c t i o n p e r i o d d i r e c t i o n p e r i o d D a t e GMT s p e e d d i r e c t i o n wave h e i g h t 1 1 2 2 H l / 3 d e g r e e s m/ s d e g r e e s m d e g r e e s sec d e g r e e s s e c 14-3-78 0000 10.3 116 5.3 186 4 - 7 n o n e I ) -14-3-78 1200 8.7 065 3.7 246 16 036 6 15-3-78 0 0 0 0 7.7 033 3.0 246 18 036 1 1 1 2 « 15-3-78 1200 5.5 042 3.2 036 1 1 - 1 2 246 1 1 1 2 « 15-3-78 0000 1.5 294 3.3 246 18 036 l | 3 > 15-3-78 1200 4.0 107 3.2 216 - 246 15 036 8 - 9 16-3-78 0000 11.3 064 5.1 036 1 1 - 15^-' 216 15 16-3-78 1200 16.2 028 5.7 036 10 - 1 6 ^ 246 12 16-3-78 0 0 0 0 6.6 057 3.3 246 15 036 9 16-3-78 1200 12.3 033 3.6 036 9 246 18 17-3-78 0 0 0 0 12.6 007 3.8 036 9 276 14 17-3-78 0 0 0 0 8.7 006 3.7 036 9 276 16 17-3-78 1200 4.6 292 3.0 246 - 276 12 006 6 18-3-78 0 0 0 0 9.8 218 3.3 246 - 276 12 0 3 6 ^ 1 1 18-3-78 1200 14.9 195 4.5 186 - 216 1 1 1 8 6 - 2 1 6 6 1) p e a k a t 6 s e c 2 ) b r o a d 1 - 15 s e c , v e r y s m a l l h e i ; 3) p r i n c i p a l l y s w e l l , v e r y s m a l l w i n d s e a 4 ) v e r y b r o a d 5 ) p e a k a t 12 s e c ; w a v e s a t l o c a t i o n 127 w i l l d e c r e a s e t o 4.3 m e t e r s b y 1200 GMT on 17 - 3 - 78 6 ) s m a l l 7) 1 = p r i m a r y wave s y s t e m 8) 2 = s e c u n d a r y wave s y s t e m .

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T a b l e 4. S i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e s o f wave h e i g h t , p i t c h , h e a v e a n d r o l l a m p l i t u d e s . RUN " V 3 m 0ai % l / 3 (m) H 3 ( g r ) RUN " V 3 m 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 CB9 0 4.9 3.1 3.3 1.8 1 . 9 2 . 8 3.1 6 . 1 0.0 DE9 60 5.5 2.5 2.8 2.3 2.4 3.0 3.3 11.4 9.0 FG9 90 5.1 2 . 6 0.2 2.2 2.5 2.9 2 . 6 9 . 1 10.7 KJ9 90 4.7 2.3 0.2 2.2 2.4 2 . 7 2.5 5.9 9.4* H I 9 120 5.0 2.6 3.1 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.6 7.1 8.8 BC9 180 5.7 4.1 4.9 1.8 2.4 3.4 4.4 2.8 0.0 * c a l c u l a t e d w i t h o u t a n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k 1 m e a s u r e m e n t 2 c a l c u l a t i o n

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D u r i n g t h e December t r i a l s t h r e e wave m e a s u r e m e n t s h a v e b e e n

c a r r i e d o u t , b u t o n l y on t h e 10 December r u n t h e v e r t i c a l a c c e l e r a -t i o n o f -t h e bow h a s b e e n m e a s u r e d . The 8 December r u n h a s been u s e d f o r o t h e r t e c h n i c a l e x p e r i m e n t s w i t h t h e s h i p , w h e r e a s on t h e 12 December r u n t h e wave c o n d i t i o n s w e r e t o o c o n f u s e d a n d t o o s e v e r e f o r an a n a l y s i s o f s h i p m o t i o n s b a s e d on s p e c t r a l a n a -l y s i s . 5. C o m p a r i s o n o f s h i p m o t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s a n d c a l c u l a t i o n s . The r e s u l t s o f t h e m o t i o n m e a s u r e m e n t s o f t h e 9 k n o t r u n s on 16 M a r c h a r e g i v e n as a m p l i t u d e s p e c t r a i n F i g u r e s 9a - 9 f . As a r e f e r e n c e t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g wave s p e c t r a a r e g i v e n i n t h i s F i g u r e s on a b a s e o f t h e f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r . I n T a b l e 4 t h e s i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e s o f wave h e i g h t , p i t c h , h e a v e , v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t a t t h e bow a n d r o l l a r e s u m m a r i z e d . I n t h e F i g u r e 9 a n d i n T a b l e 4 t h e r e s u l t s o f s t r i p t h e o r y c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e g i v e n as w e l l . The c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e b a s e d on t h e f o l l o w i n g a s s u m p t i o n s : a. The m o t i o n a m p l i t u d e s a r e l i n e a r w i t h r e s p e c t t o wave a m p l i t u d e . b. The wave s p e c t r u m i s s t r i c t l y u n i - d i r e c t i o n a l .

c. The wave d i r e c t i o n V7ith r e g a r d t o t h e ship's c o u r s e i s d e f i n e d by t h e o b s e r v e d m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e seaway. F o r t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e m o t i o n s p e c t r a , t h e a c t u a l m e a s u r e d wave s p e c t r a h a v e b e e n u s e d , as w e l l as t h e m e a s u r e d mean s p e e d t h r o u g h t h e w a t e r o f t h e s h i p , as g i v e n i n T a b l e 5. T a b l e 5. Mean s h i p s p e e d o f r u n s on 16 M a r c h . Run BC9 DE9 FG9 H I 9 CB9 KJ9 s p e e d 8.7 ( k n o t s ) 9.1 8.8 9 . 0 9 . 6 9.1 I n F i g u r e 10 t h e m e a s u r e d wave a n d t h e v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e bow s p e c t r a a r e g i v e n as w e l l as t h e i r s i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e s f o r t h e r u n on 10 December. The s h i p was i n a h e a d s e a c o n d i t i o n w i t h a mean s p e e d o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 k n o t s , b u t l a r g e f l u c t u a t i o n s i n s p e e d have b e e n o b s e r v e d .

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10

-T a b l e 4 and t h e F i g u r e s 9 a n d 10 show t h a t t h e r e i s n o t a v e r y c l o s e a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l and c a l c u l a t e d s i g n i f i -c a n t v a l u e s o f t h e m o t i o n a m p l i t u d e s , b u t t h e d i f f e r e n -c e s a r e n o t l a r g e . I t s h o u l d be n o t e d t h a t t h e r e was a p p r e c i a b l e r o l l i n g i n t h e h e a d sea and f o l l o w i n g sea c o n d i t i o n s ( r u n s BC9 and CB9) a n d q u i t e some p i t c h i n g i n beam sea c o n d i t i o n s ( r u n s FG9 and K J 9 ) , a l t h o u g h f o r u n i d i r e c t i o n a l w a v e s t h e s e m o t i o n s s h o u l d be z e r o , r e s p e c t i v e l y v e r y s m a l l . T h i s i n d i c a t e s a s h o r t c r e s t i n e s s o f t h e seaway and f o r an e r r o r i n t h e e s t i m a t e d m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e wave s p e c t r u m , w h i c h was n o t t a k e n i n t o a c c o u n t i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n p r o c e d u r e . W i t h r e s p e c t t o a p o s s i b l e i n a c c u r a c y i n t h e e s t i m a t e d m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e seaway t h e r u n s i n t h e beam sea c o n d i t i o n a r e o f i n t e r e s t . The H I 9 and FG9 ( F i g u r e s 9c and 9d) c a l c u l a t e d r o l l s p e c t r a show a s h i f t i n m o d a l f r e q u e n c y i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g m e a s u r e d v a l u e s . The s h i f t i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 0.2 r a d / s , b u t t h i s d i f f e r e n c e i s t o o l a r g e t o e x p l a i n f r o m an e r r o r i n t h e e s t i m a t e d m a i n d i r e c t i o n o f t h e wave s y s t e m , w h e n o n l y one u n i - d i r e c t i o n a l wave s p e c t r u m i s c o n s i d e r e d . F o r r u n BC9 ( y = 180 d e g r e e s ) t h e i n f l u e n c e o f t h e m a i n d i r e c t i o n and t h e s p r e a d i n g o f t h e wave e n e r g y has b e e n a n a l y s e d . A c o s i n e s q u a r e d s p r e a d i n g f u n c t i o n h a s b e e n u s e d f o r t h i s p u r p o s e f o r an -, . IT TT a n g u l a r r a n g e c o n v e r x n g to - ^ • F o u r m a i n d i r e c t i o n s h a v e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d : 180, 165, 150 a n d 135 d e g r e e s . The c o m p a r s i o n o f t h e r e s u l t s c o n c e r n s t h e p i t c h i n g m o t i o n and t h e v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e bow. I n F i g u r e 11 t h e a m p l i t u d e r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n s f o r t h e s e m o t i o n s a r e g i v e n . I n T a b l e 6 t h e s i g n i f i c a n t v a l u e s o f p i t c h and v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t a m p l i t u d e a r e g i v e n f o r t h e v a r i o u s m a i n d i r e c t i o n s o f t h e seaway w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e s h i p . I n t h i s c a s e t h e m e a s u r e d wave s p e c t r u m and t h e c o m p u t e d a m p l i t u d e r e s p o n s e f u n c t i o n w e r e u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e r e s p o n s e s p e c t r a . Two c a s e s h a v e b e e n c o n s i d e r e d f o r t h e a n a l y s i s n a m e l y a c o s i n e s q u a r e d wave e n e r g y s p r e a d i n g f u n c t i o n , as w e l l as a u n i d i r e c t i o -n a l wave s y s t e m . The r e s u l t i n g r e s p o n s e s p e c t r a o f t h e s h i p a r e g i v e n i n t h e F i g u r e s 12.

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T a b l e 6. I n f l u e n c e o f m a i n d i r e c t i o n and s p r e a d i n g o f waves Run BC9, V = 8.8 k n o t s . y f ( y ) = — c o s y 2 2 f ( y ) = 1 m e a s u r e m e n t d e g r z z Q -1/3

V3

m d e g r . m d e g r . m d e g r . 180 4.2 4 . 4 4,4 4.9 3.4 4.1 165 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.8

-

-150 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.5

-

-135 3.4 3.2 4.0 4.1 •=

From t h e r e s u l t s i t c o u l d be c o n c l u d e d t h a t r a t h e r l a r g e c o r r e c -t i o n s and / o r a wave e n e r g y s p r e a d i n g f u n c -t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y -t o g e t a c l o s e r a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l v a l u e s . See f o r o 2 2 i n s t a n c e t h e r e s u l t s f o r y = 135 and f f y ) = — c o s y^. G e n e r a l l y t h e d i r e c t i o n a l wave s p e c t r u m i s w r i t t e n a s : S(y,co) = f ( y ) S(a)) b u t i t s h o u l d be r e a l i z e d t h a t t h i s i s a l s o an a s s u m p t i o n w h i c h i s n o t b a s e d on t h e a c t u a l m e a s u r e m e n t s . F u r t h e r m o r e t h e r e i s l i t t l e e x p e r i m e n t a l e v i d e n c e t o s u p p o r t t h e 2 " a s s i m i o t i o n t h a t f (y) = — c o s ^ u a l t h o u g h i t i s w i d e l y u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e r e l a t i v e m e r i t s o f d i f f e r e n t s h i p d e s i g n s . I t s h o u l d n o t be e x c l u d e d t h a t f ( y ) c o u l d h a v e an a s y m m e t r i c f o r m .

A l s o a seaway composed o f t w o o r more wave s y s t e m s w i t h d i f f e r e n t m a i n d i r e c t i o n s c o u l d h a v e b e e n e x i s t e d d u r i n g t h e t r i a l s . Such wave s y s t e m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y r e p o r t e d by s h i p ' s o f f i c e r s . I t seems n o t p o s s i b l e t o g e t more i n s i g h t i n t h e a n g u l a r s p r e a d i n g o f wave e n e r g y f r o m m e a s u r e d s h i p m o t i o n s and a c o r r e s p o n d i n g p o i n t s p e c t r u m o f t h e s e a w a v e s . Due t o i t s d i m e n s i o n s t h e s h i p i s n o t a s a t i s f a c t o r y d i r e c t i o n a l wave m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e .

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-ll-ln g e n e r a l i t c o u l d be c o n c l u d e d t h a t i t w o u l d be d e s i r a b l e f o r s h i p p e r f o r m a n c e s t u d i e s t o h a v e m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n c o n c e r n i n g t h e d i r e c t i o n a l s p r e a d i n g o f wave e n e r g y w h i c h O C C U I B i n p r a c t i c e . 5 . 1 . A n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k . The i n f l u e n c e o f t h e f r e e - s u r f a c e t a n k o n t h e r o l l i n g m o t i o n o f t h e s h i p c o u l d be e s t i m a t e d b y a c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e r u n s i n t h e beam s e a c o n d i t i o n . D u r i n g t h e KJ9 r u n t h e a n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k was i n o p e r a t i o n , w h e r e a s d u r i n g t h e FG9 r u n ( a n d o n a l l o t h e r r u n s ) t h e t a n k was e m p t y . The wave c o n d i t i o n s d u r i n g t h i s t w o beam r u n s showed s u f f i c i e n t s i m i l a r i t y , w i t h a somewhat l o w e r s i g n i f i c a n t wave h e i g h t f o r KJ9 as shown i n T a b l e 4. T h e r e f o r e a c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e r o l l i n g m o t i o n i n b o t h c a s e s c a n be made u s i n g t h e s i g n i f i c a n t r o l l a m p l i t u d e i n d e g r e e s p e r m e t e r s i g n i f i c a n t wave h e i g h t . I n T a b l e 7 t h e s e v a l u e s a r e g i v e n f o r b o t h r u n s i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s i m i l a r e x p r e s s i o n s f o r t h e s i g n i f i c a n t p i t c h a m p l i t u d e s . T a b l e 7. I n f l u e n c e o f f r e e - s u r f a c e t a n k o n r o l l and p i t c h . Run

S a

F r e e s u r f a c e n r . t a n k V s KJ9 1.26 0.49 f i l l e d FG9 1.78 0.51 e m p t y

The T a b l e shows a r o l l a m p l i t u d e r e d u c t i o n o f a b o u t 3 0 % . The

d i f f e r e n c e i n t h e p i t c h i n g m o t i o n i s t o o s m a l l t o c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e a n t i - r o l l i n g t a n k h a d a n i n f l u e n c e o n t h i s mode o f m o t i o n .

6. A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s .

The a u t h o r s w i s h t o e x p r e s s t h e i r a p p r e c i a t i o n t o DTNSRDC a n d t o t h e c r e w o f HNLMS Tydeman f o r t h e c o o p e r a t i o n i n p e r f o r m i n g

(17)

t h e d e s c r i b e d t e s t s . M o r e o v e r t h e y a r e g r a t e f u l t o M. B u i t e n h e k , J . Ooms a n d CW. J o r e n s who w e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n a n d t h e d a t a r e d u c t i o n o f t h e m e a s u r e d s i g n a l s . 7. R e f e r e n c e s . "VJave a n d w i n d m e a s u r e m e n t s d u r i n g HNLMS "Tydeman" f u l l s c a l e t r i a l s " . S h i p H y d r o m e c h a n i c s L a b o r a t o r y o f t h e D e l f t U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y , R e p o r t n o . 4 6 4 , May 1978. G e r r i t s m a , J . , M. B u i t e n h e k a n d C.W. J o r e n s , B u i t e n h e k , M. a n d J . Ooms, "An u p d a t e d d e s i g n o f a d i s p o s a b l e wave b u o y " . S h i p H y d r o m e c h a n i c s L a b o r a t o r y o f t h e D e l f t U n i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y , R e p o r t n o . 4 63, May 1978.

(18)

14 -8. N o m e n c l a t u r e . B beam m o u l d e d D d e p t h t o G d e c k H wave h e i g h t k^^ l o n g i t u d i n a l r a d i u s o f i n e r t i a l e n g t h o v e r a l l ""^CWL l e n g t h c o n s t r u c t i o n w a t e r l i n e S s p e c t r u m d r a f t f o r w a r d T d r a f t a f t V s h i p ' s s p e e d z h e a v e d i s p l a c e m e n t v e r t i c a l d i s p l a c e m e n t a t t h e bow a y wave d i r e c t i o n V v o l u m e o f d i s p l a c e m e n t 03 c i r c u l a r wave f r e q u e n c y c i r c u l a r wave f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r (J) r o l l a n g l e 0 p i t c h a n g l e r. i n s t a n t a n e o u s wave e l e v a t i o n S u b s c r i p t s : a a m p l i t u d e o f d e n o t e d p a r a m e t e r .

(19)
(20)

w a v e

d i r e c t i o n

I c. °

H

buoy location

• ^ B

(21)

RUN BC-6 Hv3=3.89m U 3 -O QJ 'e O 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 w - • r a d / s e c F i g u r e 3 a : M e a s u r e d wave s p e c t r a M a r c h t r i a l s

(22)

O 0 5 10 1.5 2.0 O 0 5 10 1.5 2.0 O 05 1.0 1.5 2.0

ül rad/5ec üj rad/sec üj ^ rad/sec

rad/sec ÜJ rad/sec u rad/

(23)
(24)

\

RUN A 3

Hy3 = 9.1m

(25)

L j J > <

<

O Lu Z O

15 MARCH 16 MARCH 17 MARCH

^ FORECAST DTNSRDC LOCATION • MEASUREMENT HNLMS T Y D E M A N F i g u r e 5 : C o m p a r i s o n o f p r e d i c t e d a n d m e a s u r e d w a v e s .

(26)

15 MARCH 16 MARCH 17 MARCH 18 MARCH 19 MARCH

* F O R E C A S T DTNSRDC LOCATION 127 MEASUREMENT HNLMS TYDEMAN 1978 F i g u r e 6 : C o m p a r i s o n o f p r e d i c t e d a n d m e a s u r e d w i n d .

(27)

1 \ \

O CB-9 H

'/3

= A.80m

1215 GMT

A FNWC HV3= 5 7 2 r n

1200 GMT

00

s e c

FIGURE 7 Comparison of measured and predicted

wave spectrum C B 9

(28)

FIGURE 8 . Comparison of measured and predicted

wave spectrum CB 12

(29)
(30)

1 = c a l c u l a t e d

2 = m e a s u r e d .

Wave a n d m o t i o n s p e c t r a on a b a s e o f f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r .

(31)

1 = c a l c u l a t e d 2 = m e a s u r e d

F i g u r e 9 c : Wave and m o t i o n s p e c t r a on a b a s e o f e n c o u n t e r .

(32)

F i g u r e 9 d : Wave and m o t i o n s p e c t r a on a b a s e o f f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r .

(33)

Hi. =5.';8 m. 2 Bo 152.18" H J = 5.48 m t , Z o j .2,40ir i Zo4=2^7m 1 u 1 1 -1 1 1 1 /I

r

a \\ \\ \\ -I ; / \ \\ -' / \ \ ' / \ v ) / \ V \ ^ — ^ 1 - 1

HEAVE AT THE BOW RUN N9 DE 9 p = 60° 2 Z . . l = 2 . 9 8 j 1 ROLL RUN NQ OE 9 M = 50" =5.48 m --

-1 \

1 \

; \

// \

1 = c a l c u l a t e d _ 2 = m e a s u r e d — F i g u r e 9 e : Wave a n d m o t i o n s p e c t r a o n a b a s e o f f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r .

(34)

1 = c a l c u l a t e d

2 = m e a s u r e d —

Wave a n d m o t i o n s p e c t r a o n a b a s e o f f r e q u e n c y o f e n c o u n t e r .

(35)

(jüe ^ rad/s

FIGURE 10 Wave spectrum and vertical displacement of the

bow, measurend on 10 December 1978.

(36)

I

COe ^ S''

1

0 0.5 1.0

OOe S"^

FIGURE 11. AmpLitude response functions for different wave

directions.

(37)

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